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Eugenic feminism

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and the second was the "inborn incapacity which lies in the vast and ever increasing stock of degenerate, feeble-minded and unbalanced who are now in our midst and who devastate social customs. These populate most rapidly and tend proportionately to increase and these are like the parasite upon the healthy tree sapping its vitality." Stopes then stated that "a few quite simple acts of Parliament" could deal with "this prolific depravity" through sterilisation by x-rays and assured the reader that "when Bills are passed to ensure the sterility of the hopelessly rotten and racially diseased, and to provide for the education of the child-bearing woman so that she spaces her children healthily, our race will rapidly quell the stream of the depraved, hopeless and wretched lives which are at present increasing in proportion in our midst".
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equality with racial improvement: eugenic science and law had to guarantee some form of substantive gender equality in order to improve the race. Thus, in the years between 1915 and 1935, eugenic feminism existed distinct from, and in increasing tension with, mainstream eugenic science and policy. Ultimately, leading eugenic feminists could neither change the minds of a majority of the eugenic coalition nor resolve the contradictions inherent in their own eugenic theories. While they often argued that their reforms should be supported primarily as means to achieve a eugenic end, each leader held on to the very kinds of rights and equality-based arguments that mainstream eugenicists rejected. This contradiction contributed significantly to the decline and disappearance of eugenic feminism in the early and mid-1930s.
2300:"In short, we are profoundly and fundamentally a pro-baby organisation, in favour of producing the largest possible number of healthy, happy children without detriment to the mother, and with the minimum wastage of infants by premature deaths. In this connection our motto has been 'Babies in the right place,' and it is just as much the aim of Constructive Birth Control to secure conception to those married people who are healthy, childless, and desire children, as it is to furnish security from conception to those who are racially diseased, already overburdened with children, or in any specific way unfitted for parenthood." 31: 108: 2293:, one of the founders of modern eugenics, through her father. She joined the Eugenics Education Society in 1912 and became a life fellow in 1921. Clare Debenham in her 2018 biography of Stopes argues in Chapter Nine that she was a maverick eugenicist, who was shunned by the inner circle of the Eugenic Society. In 1934, she reflected: "I am a Life Fellow and would have much more interest in the Eugenics Society if I had not been cold shouldered". 5396: 5384: 2126: 2470: 5406: 2390: 2260:: "If Stopes's general interest in birth control was a logical consequence of her romantic preoccupation with compatible sexuality within blissful marriage, her particular efforts to provide birth control for the poor had far more to do with her eugenic concerns about the impending 'racial darkness' that the adoption of contraception promised to illuminate." 2510: 2810:
Several different visions of eugenic feminism were articulated between 1890 and 1930, but each found commonality in the argument that the eugenic decline of the race could be prevented only if women were granted greater political, social, sexual, and economic equality. This argument correlated gender
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The mark of the following pages is that they assume the principle of what we may call Eugenic Feminism, and that they endeavour to formulate its working-out. It is my business to acquaint myself with the literature of both eugenics and feminism, and I know that hitherto the eugenists have inclined to
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Gilman champions eugenic feminism by imagining an all-female utopian society made up of women who somehow were able to reproduce asexually. They all descended from a single mother, therefore miscegenation was not a problem in her imagined society, neither, it seems, was inheriting undesirable genes,
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disclosed her views on mixed-race marriages: she advised correspondents against them and believed that all half-castes should be sterilized at birth... "thus painlessly and in no way interfering with the individual's life, the unhappy fate of he who is neither black nor white is prevented from being
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Moreover, she mentioned the importance of having “the best seed” to be able to have children that can grow into functional adults, the nurturing of parents to children, and the wickedness of abortion. With the effort of promoting eugenics by Woodhull, a portion of feminists also started to advocate
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A 1933 letter from Stopes to a friend revealed disillusion with eugenics: "I do not think I want to write a book about Eugenics. The word has been so tarnished by some people that they are not going to get my name tacked onto it". Despite this, she attended the International Congress for Population
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Dr. Caleb Saleeby, an obstetrician and active member of the British Eugenics Education Society, opposed his contemporaries – such as Sir Francis Galton – who took strong anti-feminist stances in their eugenic philosophies. Perceiving the feminist movement as potentially "ruinous to the race" if it
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Stopes discussed race and said that the "one central reform" was: "The power of the mother, consciously exerted in the voluntary procreation and joyous bearing of her children, is the greatest power in the world". She added that two "main dangers" stood in the way. The first of these was ignorance
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In the 1940s, eugenic feminism began to decline. There were irreconcilable differences between feminism and eugenics that could not accommodate each other. Feminists abandoned their eugenic ideas and opinions when it became harder to gather support and more difficult to combine the two movements.
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Woodhull's version of eugenics, which held that adherence to then-prevalent sexual norms led to degenerate offspring, was sharply divergent from the mainstream eugenics of the 1890s. Her views shifted over time, never fully aligning with the eugenicist mainstream, particularly on birth control.
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was a prominent advocate of eugenics. Woodhull also had a husband that was abusive, alcoholic, and disloyal, which she thought that might have contributed to the mental disability of her son, Byron. With her newly sparked interest in eugenics, Woodhull promoted her views by giving addresses and
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to read them. In November 1922, just before the general election, she sent a questionnaire to parliamentary candidates asking that they sign a declaration that: "I agree that the present position of breeding chiefly from the C3 population and burdening and discouraging the A1 is nationally
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as those who were deemed unfit to reproduce were discouraged from doing so. Gilman's arguments essentially promoted feminism by “representing eugenic ideology as the source” of help. She advocated equal sexual rights for men and women and advocated legalizing birth control for women.
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originally formulated eugenics, he saw women functioning as a mere conduit to pass desirable traits from father to son. Later eugenicists saw women in a more active role, placing an increasing emphasis on women as “mothers of the race”. In particular new research in the science of
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because "Love is the greatest thing in the world". She wanted her poems to be distributed through the German birth control clinics. However, according to Rose, any sympathy she may have had with Hitler was dissipated when he closed those clinics. On 12 July 1940 she wrote to
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deplorable, and if I am elected to Parliament I will press the Ministry of Health to give such scientific information through the Ante-natal Clinics, Welfare Centres and other institutions in its control as will curtail the C3 and increase the A1". She received 150 replies.
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in 1935. After attending this conference she came under attack by some of her former supporters such a Guy Aldred and Havelock Ellis and, on her death in 1958, she bequeathed her clinics to the Eugenics Society.
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for eugenics as well. These women thought that there were too many children and supported families that had fewer. In an 1876 speech in New Jersey, Woodhull placed a great importance on
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claimed "Marie was an elitist, an idealist, interested in creating a society in which only the best and beautiful should survive," a view echoed by Richard A. Soloway in the 1996
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led to changes in eugenic thought, which began to recognize the importance of women in those parts of the human life cycle. This change in emphasis led eventually to eugenicist
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Devereux characterizes Saleeby's coining of eugenic feminism as "at least partly a deceptive rhetorical strategy" whose goal was to "draw middle-class women's rights activists
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In the 1930s eugenic feminism began to decline as eugenic feminists began to fall out with mainstream eugenicists, and had largely failed to sway the public opinion.
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should strive for "race betterment". Speaking with the Canadian National Committee for Combating Venereal Disease, she often shared a speaking spot with Murphy.
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Additionally, support for the eugenics movement as a whole began to wane as the public compared American sterilization practices to the sterilization laws of
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The objects of the Society For Constructive Birth Control and Racial Progress expressed the eugenic aims of the Mothers' Clinic, summarised in Tenet 16:
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Erika Dyck, “Sterilization and Birth Control in the Shadow of Eugenics: Married, Middle-Class Women in Alberta, 1930-1960s”, CBMH/BCHM 31, No. 1, 2014
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Carey, Jane (2012). "The Racial Imperatives of Sex: Birth Control and Eugenics in Britain, the United States and Australia in the Interwar Years".
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continued to ignore the eugenics movement, he coined the term "eugenic feminism" in his 1911 text Woman and Womanhood: A Search for Principles
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Soloway, Richard A (1995). "The 'Perfect Contraceptive': Eugenics and Birth Control Research in Britain and America in the Interwar Years".
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Moss, Erin L.; Stam, Henderikus J.; Kattevilder, Diane (2013). "Sterilization: Eugenics and the Women's Movement in 20th Century Alberta".
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All of the Famous Five were also involved in the race hygiene movement and supported the passage of the Sexual Sterilization Act of Alberta
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Devereux, Cecily. "Growing a Race: Nellie L. McClung and the Fiction of Eugenic Feminism." Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's UP, 2005.
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Ziegler, Mary (2008). "Eugenic Feminism: Mental Hygiene, the Women's Movement, and the Campaign for Eugenic Legal Reform, 1900-1935".
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Stopes's enthusiasm for eugenics and race improvement was in line with many intellectuals and public figures of the time: for example
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Seitler, Dana (March 2003). "Unnatural Selection: Mothers, Eugenic Feminism, Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Regeneration Narratives".
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at their conference passed a resolution advocating compulsory sterilisation for the mentally or physically unfit.
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Allen, Ann Taylor (2000). "Feminism and Eugenics in Germany and Britain, 1900-1940: A Comparative Perspective".
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Problems of Population and Parenthood: The Second Report of the National Birth Rate Commission 1918–20
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The mark of the following pages is that they assume the principle of what we may call Eugenic Feminism
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Nadkarni, Asha (Spring 2006). "Eugenic Feminism: Asian Reproduction in the U.S. National Imagery".
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Archive letter to Cora Hudson 24 March 1934 (British Library, London, Marie C. Stopes's Papers')
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publishing various books. A significant address was made in September 1871 and was titled
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Eugenic feminists argued that if women were provided with more rights and equality, the
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Stopes promoted her eugenic ideas to politicians. In 1920 she sent a copy of her book,
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published various feminist literary works, including poems, articles on eugenics for
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Lady Eugenist: Feminist Eugenics in the Speeches and Writings of Victoria Woodhull
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Finding Directions West: Readings That Locate and Dislocate Western Canada's Past
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in which she claimed that “a perfect humanity must come of perfect children.”
2278: 1392: 1377: 1071: 2883: 2775: 4676: 4270: 3419: 2389: 2264: 2253: 1372: 1367: 445: 76: 3354: 2965:. The Netherlands: Leyden Noordhoff International Publishing. p. 102. 52:. Originally coined by the Lebanese-British physician and vocal eugenicist 3619: 2304:"Racially diseased" included conditions such as infectious diseases (like 4721: 4514: 4382: 4125: 3655: 3457: 3342: 2490: 2173: 1146: 1014: 577: 99: 49: 3528:
The science of eugenics and sex life, the regeneration of the human race
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Growing a Race: Nellie L. McClung and the Fiction of Eugenic Feminism
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Areas of the women's suffrage movement which overlapped with eugenics
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Hadden, Walter J; Robinson, Charles H; Melendy, Mary Ries (1914).
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was unimportant compared to creating a more superior human race.
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to offer a slogan, "Fight the Battle of Britain in Berlin's Air".
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Radiant Motherhood: A Book for Those Who are Creating the Future
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Radiant Motherhood: A Book for Those Who are Creating the Future
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Radiant Motherhood: A Book for Those Who are Creating the Future
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Marie Stopes' Sexual Revolution and the Birth Control Movement
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In Canada, all members of the suffragist group known as the "
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Marie Stopes Eugenics and the English Birth Control Movement
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Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)
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London: The Galton Institute. p. 54. 2198:Woman and Womanhood: A Search for Principles 72:, also pushed for various eugenic policies. 2683: 2681: 2647:Woman and Womanhood A Search for Principles 5252: 4403:African-American women's suffrage movement 3863: 3668: 3647: 3633: 3625: 2963:Eugenics and Politics in Britain 1900–1914 2747: 2745: 2517:As a leading feminist author of her time, 2155: 2141: 1968: 1340: 1270: 1035:African-American women's suffrage movement 362: 120: 86: 3532:Philadelphia, Pa.: National publishing co 2787: 2785: 2636: 2634: 2602: 2600: 4348:Discrimination against transgender women 3537:Woman's progress in relation to eugenics 3349:. University of Calgary Press: 133–150. 2930:Verbatim Report of the Town Hall Meeting 2870:Freedland, Jonathan (17 February 2012). 2641:Saleeby, C. W. (Caleb Williams) (1911). 980:Discrimination against transgender women 3620:https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003275992-4 3127:. G.P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 228–229. 3027:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 121–132. 2596: 2358:In 1934, an interview published in the 2311:In 1918 and 1920, Stopes advocated the 2095: 1971: 1408: 505: 422: 238: 201: 168: 98: 3283:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. pp.  3264:Marie Stopes and the Sexual Revolution 3175:Marie Stopes and the Sexual Revolution 3155:Marie Stopes and the Sexual Revolution 3112:. G.P. Putnam's Sons Ltd. p. 226. 3082:. Chapman and Hall. 1920. p. 133. 2857:Marie Stopes and the Sexual Revolution 2663: 2408:, advocated eugenic feminist policies. 2367:In August 1939 she sent a copy of her 4697:Post-structuralist discourse analysis 3963:Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary 3439: 3437: 3401: 3399: 3373: 3371: 3066:The Authorized Life of Marie C Stopes 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2513:Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 3 July 1860 2483:Children: Their Rights and Privileges 7: 3142:. G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 233. 2565:which were deemed "totalitarian." 79:of a given race could be averted. 25: 3226:. Humanity Books. pp. 84–91. 2996:(5). Monash University: 733–752. 2942:Jonathan Freedland (1 May 2019). 2838:Harvard Journal of Law and Gender 2794:Harvard Journal of Law and Gender 5404: 5395: 5394: 5382: 4942:Democratic Republic of the Congo 4358:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 3618:. London: Routledge, pp. 37-55. 2365:passed on to yet unborn babes." 2240:This section is an excerpt from 2124: 1656:Democratic Republic of the Congo 990:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 106: 3584:Journal of Contemporary History 3266:. Faber and Faber. p. 244. 3177:. Faber and Faber. p. 161. 3157:. Faber and Faber. p. 138. 2859:. Faber and Faber. p. 134. 2758:McGill-Queen's University Press 2699:from the original on 2017-04-28 2318:In Chapter XX of her 1920 book 2205:oppose the claims of feminism 3382:. Inkling Books. p. 331. 2607:Rosario, Esther (2013-09-13). 2088:Women's suffrage organizations 68:, especially a group known as 1: 2580:American Birth Control League 77:deteriorating characteristics 64:. Some early suffragettes in 5304:Suffragists and suffragettes 3572:Eugenic ideals for womanhood 3002:10.1080/09612025.2012.658180 2289:. As a child Stopes had met 2073:Suffragists and suffragettes 2003:American feminist literature 3535:Leslie, R. Murray (1911). " 3188:Potter, Mark (2021-07-14). 1313:Views on transgender topics 1303:Views on sexual orientation 5462: 3596:10.1177/002200949503000404 3224:Controlling Human Heredity 3048:"The Tenets of the C.B.C." 2369:Love Song for Young Lovers 2344:Women's Co-operative Guild 2239: 2223: 5376: 4378:Female genital mutilation 3782:Majority-Muslim countries 3408:Novel: A Forum on Fiction 3138:Stopes, Marie C. (1921). 3123:Stopes, Marie C. (1921). 3093:Stopes, Marie C. (1921). 2928:Stopes, Marie C. (1921). 2904:Soloway, Richard (1997). 2752:Devereux, Cecily (2006). 2442:of Alberta, and the 1933 2361:Australian Women's Weekly 2104:Women's rights by country 1010:Female genital mutilation 46:women's suffrage movement 5351:Women's studies journals 5309:Women's rights activists 3858:Movements and ideologies 3612:Feminism and Enhancement 3023:Debenham, Clare (2018). 2670:: CS1 maint: location ( 2519:Charlotte Perkins Gilman 2505:Charlotte Perkins Gilman 2445:Sexual Sterilization Act 2439:Sexual Sterilization Act 2313:compulsory sterilisation 2235:The Case of Marie Stopes 2109:Feminists by nationality 2083:Women's studies journals 2078:Women's rights activists 796:Movements and ideologies 4894:International relations 3420:10.1215/ddnov.039020221 2473:Victoria Woodhull, 1860 2334:, and urged her to get 2242:Marie Stopes § Eugenics 2200:(1911). Saleeby wrote, 1497:International relations 358:Intersectional variants 37:in her laboratory, 1904 5324:Conservative feminisms 4622:Women in the workforce 4590:Violence against women 4565:Sexual objectification 4525:Opposition to feminism 3722:Bicycling and feminism 3355:10.2307/j.ctv64h781.11 3341:Carter, Sarah (2017). 3108:Stopes, Marie (1920). 3064:Maude, Aylmer (1924). 2989:Women's History Review 2832:Ziegler, Mary (2008). 2514: 2474: 2418:Henrietta Muir Edwards 2409: 2302: 2207: 2023:Conservative feminisms 1278:Bicycling and feminism 1254:Women in the workforce 1222:Violence against women 1197:Sexual objectification 1157:Opposition to feminism 414:Vegetarian ecofeminism 48:which overlapped with 38: 5431:Feminism and eugenics 5364:Women in peacekeeping 4904:Revisionist mythology 4341:Children's literature 3493:German Studies Review 3313:The Eugenics Archives 3242:Spartacus Educational 2961:Searle, G.R. (1976). 2725:The Eugenics Archives 2613:The Eugenics Archives 2543:His Religion and Hers 2512: 2472: 2448:of British Columbia. 2392: 2298: 2263:Regarding threats of 2202: 2053:Feminist rhetoricians 2043:Feminist philosophers 1595:Revisionist mythology 1298:Views on prostitution 1283:Criticism of marriage 973:Children's literature 44:was a current of the 33: 4806:Pathways perspective 4651:Gender mainstreaming 4570:Substantive equality 4550:Reproductive justice 4500:Matriarchal religion 4353:Diversity (politics) 3458:10.1353/aq.2003.0001 3222:Paul, Diane (1995). 2528:and novels such as: 2460:In the United States 2396:, a suffragette and 2248:In her biography of 2033:Feminist art critics 2008:Feminist comic books 1965:Lists and categories 1644:By continent/country 1475:Pathways perspective 1358:Gender mainstreaming 1293:Views on pornography 1202:Substantive equality 1182:Reproductive justice 1132:Matriarchal religion 985:Diversity (politics) 921:Political lesbianism 231:Other women's rights 5389:Feminism portal 5269:Ecofeminist authors 5119:Trinidad and Tobago 5059:Republic of Ireland 4919:Composition studies 4600:Women's empowerment 4555:Sex workers' rights 4480:Feminist capitalism 4460:Internalized sexism 4393:Feminism in culture 4271:Kurdish (Jineology) 3549:Canadian Psychology 3319:on 9 September 2019 3277:Hall, Ruth (1995). 3262:Rose, June (1992). 3173:Rose, June (1992). 3153:Rose, June (1992). 3051:Halliday Sutherland 2855:Rose, June (1992). 2575:History of eugenics 2539:With Her in Ourland 2531:Women and Economics 2283:George Bernard Shaw 2213:to home and duty". 2176:and the studies of 2131:Feminism portal 2038:Feminist economists 2028:Ecofeminist authors 1833:Trinidad and Tobago 1773:Republic of Ireland 1465:Composition studies 1232:Women's empowerment 1187:Sex workers' rights 1112:Feminist capitalism 1092:Internalized sexism 1025:Feminism in culture 133:History of feminism 4764:Literary criticism 4641:Complementarianism 4363:Effects on society 4331:Complementarianism 4138:Women's liberation 3446:American Quarterly 3110:Radiant Motherhood 2721:"Women's suffrage" 2643:"First Principles" 2585:Planned Parenthood 2515: 2475: 2450:Emmeline Pankhurst 2410: 2336:David Lloyd George 2328:Radiant Motherhood 2320:Radiant Motherhood 2186:human reproduction 1443:Literary criticism 1308:Views on sexuality 995:Effects on society 963:Complementarianism 938:Women's liberation 693:Religious variants 667:trans-exclusionary 385:Radical lesbianism 39: 5418: 5417: 5372: 5371: 4781:Political ecology 4687:Écriture fĂ©minine 4585:Triple oppression 4575:Toxic masculinity 4560:Sexual harassment 4420:Feminist stripper 4398:Feminist movement 4312: 4311: 4250:Ethnic and racial 3851: 3850: 2693:womensuffrage.org 2478:Victoria Woodhull 2465:Victoria Woodhull 2378:Winston Churchill 2342:In July 1931 the 2332:Frances Stevenson 2192:coining the term 2165: 2164: 2116: 2115: 1635: 1634: 1625:womanist theology 1568:Political ecology 1399:Écriture fĂ©minine 1326: 1325: 1217:Triple oppression 1207:Toxic masculinity 1192:Sexual harassment 1052:Feminist stripper 1030:Feminist movement 586: 585: 517:Africana womanism 348: 347: 16:(Redirected from 5453: 5446:Women's suffrage 5408: 5407: 5398: 5397: 5387: 5386: 5385: 5253: 5236:History of women 4712:Political theory 4612: 4605:Women-only space 4490:Likeability trap 4455:Invisible labour 4373:Female education 3864: 3859: 3819:African-American 3749:Women's suffrage 3740: 3727:Feminist history 3669: 3649: 3642: 3635: 3626: 3607: 3568:Ravenhill, Alice 3564: 3561:10.1037/a0032644 3516: 3478: 3477: 3441: 3432: 3431: 3403: 3394: 3393: 3375: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3326: 3324: 3315:. Archived from 3305: 3299: 3298: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3234: 3228: 3227: 3219: 3213: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3200: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3170: 3159: 3158: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3135: 3129: 3128: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3061: 3055: 3054: 3044: 3038: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3020: 3014: 3013: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2939: 2933: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2829: 2814: 2813: 2789: 2780: 2779: 2749: 2740: 2739: 2733: 2731: 2716: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2685: 2676: 2675: 2669: 2661: 2656: 2654: 2638: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2615:. Archived from 2604: 2495:women's suffrage 2230:Stella Churchill 2220:In Great Britain 2194:eugenic feminism 2157: 2150: 2143: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2068:Feminist parties 2063:Muslim feminists 2058:Jewish feminists 1969: 1950:History of women 1573:Political theory 1341: 1271: 1244: 1237:Women-only space 1122:Likeability trap 1087:Invisible labour 1005:Female education 814:Anti-pornography 669: 668: 664: 380:Lesbian of color 363: 240:Women's suffrage 216:Muslim countries 211:Women's suffrage 128:Feminist history 121: 110: 87: 42:Eugenic feminism 21: 18:Eugenic Feminism 5461: 5460: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5451: 5450: 5441:Feminist ethics 5436:Feminist theory 5421: 5420: 5419: 5414: 5405: 5383: 5381: 5368: 5312: 5244: 5243: 5242: 5151:Northern Cyprus 4923: 4914:Science fiction 4707:Oedipus complex 4667:Women's studies 4628: 4627: 4626: 4610: 4520:Oedipus complex 4510:Men in feminism 4475:Language reform 4450:Ideal womanhood 4430:Gender equality 4425:Formal equality 4388:Feminationalism 4326:Cognitive labor 4308: 4276:Native American 4245: 4244: 4243: 4142: 4052:Post-structural 3857: 3847: 3743: 3736: 3732:Women's history 3710: 3658: 3653: 3581: 3546: 3505:10.2307/1432830 3490: 3487: 3485:Further reading 3482: 3481: 3443: 3442: 3435: 3405: 3404: 3397: 3390: 3377: 3376: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3322: 3320: 3307: 3306: 3302: 3295: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3236: 3235: 3231: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3207: 3198: 3196: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3172: 3171: 3162: 3152: 3151: 3147: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3107: 3106: 3102: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3063: 3062: 3058: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3036: 3032: 3022: 3021: 3017: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2960: 2959: 2955: 2941: 2940: 2936: 2927: 2923: 2916: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2888: 2886: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2831: 2830: 2817: 2791: 2790: 2783: 2768: 2751: 2750: 2743: 2729: 2727: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2702: 2700: 2687: 2686: 2679: 2662: 2652: 2650: 2640: 2639: 2632: 2622: 2620: 2606: 2605: 2598: 2593: 2571: 2558: 2507: 2467: 2462: 2426:Louise McKinney 2387: 2382: 2381: 2287:Ellen Wilkinson 2245: 2237: 2232: 2222: 2161: 2125: 2123: 2118: 2117: 2019: 1966: 1958: 1957: 1956: 1865:Northern Cyprus 1645: 1637: 1636: 1631: 1453:Science fiction 1404: 1383:Women's studies 1348:Feminist method 1338: 1328: 1327: 1322: 1268: 1260: 1259: 1258: 1242: 1152:Oedipus complex 1142:Men in feminism 1107:Language reform 1082:Ideal womanhood 1062:Gender equality 1057:Formal equality 1020:Feminationalism 958:Cognitive labor 952: 944: 943: 942: 899:Post-structural 798: 788: 787: 786: 695: 685: 684: 683: 666: 663:Gender-critical 662: 661: 612:Femonationalism 596: 588: 587: 582: 561:Native American 501: 456:Critical theory 418: 360: 350: 349: 344: 299:Second Republic 227: 197: 164: 138:Women's history 118: 85: 70:The Famous Five 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5459: 5457: 5449: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5423: 5422: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5412: 5402: 5392: 5377: 5374: 5373: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5366: 5361: 5357:SCUM Manifesto 5353: 5348: 5343: 5342: 5341: 5336: 5326: 5320: 5318: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5259: 5250: 5246: 5245: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5238: 5228: 5226:United Kingdom 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5122: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4933: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4899:Existentialism 4896: 4891: 4886: 4885: 4884: 4874: 4869: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4855:Existentialism 4852: 4851: 4850: 4848:Justice ethics 4840: 4835: 4830: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4809: 4808: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4730: 4729: 4724: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4646:Gender studies 4643: 4638: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4625: 4624: 4619: 4617:Women's rights 4614: 4611:Women's health 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4495:Male privilege 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4464:International 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4416: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4344: 4343: 4333: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4314: 4313: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4296: 4295: 4285: 4284: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4251: 4247: 4246: 4242: 4241: 4236: 4235: 4234: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4213: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4192: 4191: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4165: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4140: 4135: 4134: 4133: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4097: 4096: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4060: 4059: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4008: 4007: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3944: 3943: 3933: 3928: 3927: 3926: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3870: 3868: 3861: 3853: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3846: 3845: 3844: 3843: 3842: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3821: 3816: 3806: 3805: 3804: 3797:United Kingdom 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3753: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3741: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3718: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3697: 3696: 3686: 3681: 3675: 3673: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3654: 3652: 3651: 3644: 3637: 3629: 3623: 3622: 3608: 3590:(4): 637–664. 3579: 3565: 3544: 3533: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3499:(3): 477–505. 3486: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3433: 3414:(2): 221–226. 3395: 3389:978-1587420429 3388: 3367: 3333: 3300: 3293: 3269: 3254: 3238:"Marie Stopes" 3229: 3214: 3205: 3180: 3160: 3145: 3130: 3115: 3100: 3085: 3071: 3056: 3053:. 15 May 2018. 3039: 3030: 3015: 2978: 2971: 2953: 2934: 2921: 2914: 2896: 2862: 2847: 2815: 2781: 2766: 2741: 2711: 2677: 2630: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2570: 2567: 2557: 2554: 2524:The Forerunner 2506: 2503: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2454:British Empire 2422:Nellie McClung 2394:Nellie McClung 2386: 2383: 2291:Francis Galton 2275:Havelock Ellis 2258:Galton Lecture 2246: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2221: 2218: 2169:Francis Galton 2163: 2162: 2160: 2159: 2152: 2145: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2120: 2119: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2111: 2106: 2098: 2097: 2093: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2048:Feminist poets 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2018: 2017: 2015:Feminist songs 2012: 2011: 2010: 2005: 1995: 1994: 1993: 1991:by nationality 1983: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1942: 1940:United Kingdom 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1694: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1633: 1632: 1630: 1629: 1628: 1627: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1551:Existentialism 1548: 1547: 1546: 1544:Justice ethics 1536: 1531: 1526: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1502:Constructivism 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1456: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1409:Areas of study 1406: 1405: 1403: 1402: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1353:Gender studies 1350: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1323: 1321: 1320: 1318:SCUM Manifesto 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1274: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1249:Women's rights 1246: 1243:Women's health 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1127:Male privilege 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1096:International 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 976: 975: 965: 960: 954: 953: 950: 949: 946: 945: 941: 940: 935: 933:Technofeminism 930: 929: 928: 923: 918: 908: 907: 906: 896: 891: 890: 889: 888: 887: 877: 872: 862: 861: 860: 859: 858: 843: 838: 833: 832: 831: 826: 816: 811: 806: 800: 799: 794: 793: 790: 789: 785: 784: 779: 778: 777: 767: 762: 757: 756: 755: 750: 745: 735: 734: 733: 728: 723: 718: 708: 703: 697: 696: 691: 690: 687: 686: 682: 681: 676: 671: 658: 657: 656: 651: 646: 636: 631: 630: 629: 619: 614: 609: 604: 598: 597: 595:Other variants 594: 593: 590: 589: 584: 583: 581: 580: 575: 570: 565: 564: 563: 553: 552: 551: 541: 540: 539: 534: 529: 519: 513: 510: 509: 503: 502: 500: 499: 494: 493: 492: 487: 477: 476: 475: 465: 464: 463: 458: 448: 443: 442: 441: 430: 427: 426: 420: 419: 417: 416: 411: 410: 409: 399: 394: 393: 392: 387: 382: 372: 366: 361: 356: 355: 352: 351: 346: 345: 343: 342: 341: 340: 330: 329: 328: 323: 321:Cayman Islands 316:United Kingdom 313: 308: 307: 306: 301: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 247: 244: 243: 236: 235: 234: 233: 226: 225: 224: 223: 218: 207: 204: 203: 199: 198: 196: 195: 190: 185: 180: 174: 171: 170: 166: 165: 163: 162: 161: 160: 155: 150: 145: 135: 130: 124: 119: 116: 115: 112: 111: 103: 102: 96: 95: 84: 81: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5458: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5411: 5403: 5401: 5393: 5391: 5390: 5379: 5378: 5375: 5365: 5362: 5359: 5358: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5315: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5254: 5251: 5247: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5232: 5231:United States 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5079:Latin America 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4939: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4909:Technoscience 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4849: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4759:Art criticism 4757: 4756: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4719: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4672:Men's studies 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4631: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4580:Transmisogyny 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4540:Purplewashing 4538: 4536: 4535:Protofeminism 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4445:Honor killing 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4400: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4294: 4291: 4290: 4289: 4286: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4240: 4237: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4196: 4193: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4170: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4149: 4145: 4139: 4136: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4116:Transnational 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4095: 4092: 4091: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4058: 4055: 4054: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4006: 4003: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3985:Individualist 3983: 3979: 3976: 3975: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3925: 3922: 3921: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3884:Anti-abortion 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3854: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3826: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3810: 3809:United States 3807: 3803: 3800: 3799: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3739: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3713: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3695: 3692: 3691: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3650: 3645: 3643: 3638: 3636: 3631: 3630: 3627: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3555:(2): 105–14. 3554: 3550: 3545: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3440: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3385: 3381: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3337: 3334: 3330: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3304: 3301: 3296: 3294:0-15-171288-3 3290: 3286: 3282: 3281: 3273: 3270: 3265: 3258: 3255: 3243: 3239: 3233: 3230: 3225: 3218: 3215: 3209: 3206: 3195: 3191: 3184: 3181: 3176: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3149: 3146: 3141: 3134: 3131: 3126: 3119: 3116: 3111: 3104: 3101: 3096: 3089: 3086: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3067: 3060: 3057: 3052: 3049: 3043: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3026: 3019: 3016: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2982: 2979: 2974: 2968: 2964: 2957: 2954: 2949: 2945: 2938: 2935: 2931: 2925: 2922: 2917: 2911: 2907: 2900: 2897: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2866: 2863: 2858: 2851: 2848: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2767:9780773573048 2763: 2759: 2755: 2748: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2726: 2722: 2715: 2712: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2667: 2660: 2648: 2644: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2619:on 2019-09-09 2618: 2614: 2610: 2603: 2601: 2597: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2527: 2525: 2520: 2511: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2486: 2484: 2479: 2471: 2464: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2441: 2440: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2356: 2353: 2347: 2345: 2340: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2321: 2316: 2314: 2309: 2307: 2301: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2243: 2234: 2231: 2227: 2226:Alice Vickery 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2206: 2201: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2190:Caleb Saleeby 2187: 2183: 2182:child rearing 2179: 2175: 2170: 2158: 2153: 2151: 2146: 2144: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2135: 2132: 2122: 2121: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1975: 1970: 1962: 1961: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1946: 1945:United States 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1794: 1793:Latin America 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1641: 1640: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1615:Technoscience 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1438:Art criticism 1436: 1435: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1413: 1412: 1407: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1388:Men's studies 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1331: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1288:Views on BDSM 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1273: 1272: 1264: 1263: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1212:Transmisogyny 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1172:Purplewashing 1170: 1168: 1167:Protofeminism 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1077:Honor killing 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 974: 971: 970: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 955: 948: 947: 939: 936: 934: 931: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 913: 912: 909: 905: 902: 901: 900: 897: 895: 892: 886: 883: 882: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 867: 866: 863: 857: 854: 853: 852: 849: 848: 847: 846:Individualist 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 830: 827: 825: 822: 821: 820: 819:Cyberfeminism 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 801: 797: 792: 791: 783: 780: 776: 773: 772: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 740: 739: 736: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 713: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 698: 694: 689: 688: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 659: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 641: 640: 637: 635: 632: 628: 625: 624: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 602:Anti-abortion 600: 599: 592: 591: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 562: 559: 558: 557: 554: 550: 547: 546: 545: 542: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 524: 523: 520: 518: 515: 514: 512: 511: 508: 507:Multicultural 504: 498: 495: 491: 490:Transnational 488: 486: 483: 482: 481: 478: 474: 471: 470: 469: 466: 462: 459: 457: 454: 453: 452: 449: 447: 444: 440: 437: 436: 435: 432: 431: 429: 428: 425: 421: 415: 412: 408: 407:Postgenderism 405: 404: 403: 402:Transfeminism 400: 398: 395: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 377: 376: 373: 371: 368: 367: 365: 364: 359: 354: 353: 339: 336: 335: 334: 333:United States 331: 327: 324: 322: 319: 318: 317: 314: 312: 309: 305: 302: 300: 297: 296: 294: 292: 289: 287: 286:Liechtenstein 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 248: 246: 245: 241: 237: 232: 229: 228: 222: 219: 217: 214: 213: 212: 209: 208: 206: 205: 200: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 175: 173: 172: 167: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 140: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 125: 123: 122: 114: 113: 109: 105: 104: 101: 97: 93: 89: 88: 82: 80: 78: 73: 71: 67: 63: 62:United States 59: 58:Great Britain 55: 54:Caleb Saleeby 51: 47: 43: 36: 32: 19: 5380: 5355: 5299:Rhetoricians 5289:Philosophers 5181:Saudi Arabia 4977:South Africa 4838:Epistemology 4791:Anthropology 4786:Architecture 4749:Legal theory 4656:Gynocentrism 4595:War on women 4530:Pro-feminism 4485:Gender-blind 4435:Gender quota 4408:Art movement 4200:Dianic Wicca 4079:Sex-positive 4042:Postcolonial 3952: 3909:Conservative 3889:Anti-fascist 3615: 3587: 3583: 3575: 3552: 3548: 3540: 3526: 3496: 3492: 3452:(1): 63–66. 3449: 3445: 3411: 3407: 3379: 3358:. Retrieved 3346: 3336: 3328: 3321:. Retrieved 3317:the original 3312: 3303: 3279: 3272: 3263: 3257: 3245:. Retrieved 3241: 3232: 3223: 3217: 3208: 3197:. Retrieved 3193: 3183: 3174: 3154: 3148: 3139: 3133: 3124: 3118: 3109: 3103: 3094: 3088: 3079: 3074: 3065: 3059: 3050: 3042: 3033: 3024: 3018: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2962: 2956: 2948:The Guardian 2947: 2937: 2929: 2924: 2905: 2899: 2887:. Retrieved 2876:The Guardian 2875: 2865: 2856: 2850: 2841: 2837: 2809: 2797: 2793: 2753: 2735: 2728:. Retrieved 2724: 2719:Gibbons, S. 2714: 2701:. Retrieved 2692: 2658: 2651:. Retrieved 2646: 2621:. Retrieved 2617:the original 2612: 2563:Nazi Germany 2559: 2548: 2529: 2522: 2516: 2499: 2487: 2482: 2476: 2443: 2437: 2434:Irene Parlby 2430:Emily Murphy 2411: 2404:province of 2373:Adolf Hitler 2368: 2359: 2357: 2348: 2341: 2327: 2325: 2319: 2317: 2310: 2306:tuberculosis 2303: 2299: 2295: 2272: 2265: 2262: 2250:Marie Stopes 2247: 2215: 2210: 2208: 2203: 2197: 2196:in his book 2193: 2166: 1895:Saudi Arabia 1691:South Africa 1534:Epistemology 1509:Legal theory 1428:Architecture 1418:Anthropology 1397: 1363:Gynocentrism 1227:War on women 1162:Pro-feminism 1117:Gender-blind 1067:Gender quota 1040:Art movement 840: 809:Anti-fascist 743:Dianic Wicca 622:Postfeminism 497:Xenofeminism 480:Postcolonial 397:Sex-positive 74: 41: 40: 35:Marie Stopes 5339:Comic books 5264:Art critics 5186:South Korea 5166:Philippines 5146:New Zealand 5141:Netherlands 4872:Pornography 4860:Metaphysics 4801:Criminology 4796:Archaeology 4769:Film theory 4470:Women's Day 4210:Ecofeminist 4069:Reactionary 4017:Materialist 3792:Switzerland 3787:New Zealand 3706:Fourth-wave 3689:Second-wave 3360:14 February 2414:Famous Five 2350:Science in 2178:procreation 1900:South Korea 1880:Philippines 1860:New Zealand 1855:Netherlands 1578:Pornography 1556:Metaphysics 1470:Criminology 1448:Film theory 1423:Archaeology 1102:Women's Day 894:Libertarian 836:Ecofeminism 753:Ecofeminist 634:Reactionary 627:Neofeminism 568:Multiracial 473:Ecofeminist 468:Materialist 311:Switzerland 291:New Zealand 5425:Categories 5329:Literature 5274:Economists 4994:Bangladesh 4928:By country 4877:Psychology 4833:Empiricism 4828:Aesthetics 4823:Philosophy 4682:Patriarchy 4662:Matriarchy 4466:Girl's Day 4440:Girl power 4413:In hip hop 4336:Literature 4266:Indigenous 4205:Reclaiming 4101:Standpoint 4074:Separatism 4047:Postmodern 3941:Vegetarian 3931:Difference 3874:Analytical 3701:Third-wave 3684:First-wave 3570:(1910 ). " 3541:Eugen Rev. 3323:31 October 3309:"Feminism" 3247:7 February 3199:2023-03-10 2972:9028602364 2915:0950406627 2730:31 October 2703:27 October 2653:31 October 2623:27 October 2609:"Feminism" 2591:References 2279:Cyril Burt 2224:See also: 2096:Categories 1998:Literature 1708:Bangladesh 1583:Psychology 1529:Empiricism 1524:Aesthetics 1519:Philosophy 1393:Patriarchy 1378:Matriarchy 1098:Girl's Day 1072:Girl power 1045:In hip hop 968:Literature 926:Separatist 904:Postmodern 870:Difference 804:Analytical 748:Reclaiming 556:Indigenous 461:Standpoint 390:Separatist 242:by country 5084:Argentina 5044:Indonesia 5034:Hong Kong 4989:Australia 4889:Seriality 4813:Geography 4739:Sociology 4692:Economics 4677:Kyriarchy 4168:Christian 4148:Religious 4089:Socialist 3879:Anarchist 3824:States of 3762:Australia 3604:159808391 3576:Eugen Rev 3474:143831741 3010:145199321 2884:0261-3077 2776:243600906 2666:cite book 2385:In Canada 2254:June Rose 1986:Feminists 1798:Argentina 1758:Indonesia 1748:Hong Kong 1703:Australia 1610:Sociology 1492:Geography 1482:Economics 1373:Male gaze 1368:Kyriarchy 829:Networked 711:Christian 446:Jineology 434:Anarchist 424:Socialist 304:Francoist 256:Australia 202:Timelines 5400:Category 5334:American 5206:Thailand 5161:Pakistan 5131:Malaysia 5114:Paraguay 5104:Honduras 4952:Ethiopia 4818:Pedagogy 4744:Rhetoric 4734:Sexology 4727:Womanist 4722:Thealogy 4717:Theology 4515:Misogyny 4383:Femicide 4368:Equality 4317:Concepts 4232:Orthodox 4195:Neopagan 4183:Womanist 4163:Buddhist 4131:Africana 4126:Womanism 4022:Maternal 4012:Lipstick 3978:Activism 3948:Equality 3914:Cultural 3899:Carceral 3834:Virginia 3814:Timeline 3757:Timeline 3694:timeline 3679:Timeline 3656:Feminism 3466:30041957 3428:40267654 2697:Archived 2569:See also 2549:Herland, 2491:eugenics 2402:Canadian 2174:heredity 1981:Articles 1920:Thailand 1875:Pakistan 1845:Malaysia 1828:Paraguay 1818:Honduras 1666:Ethiopia 1620:Theology 1605:Sexology 1600:Sex wars 1514:Pedagogy 1267:Outlooks 1147:Misogyny 1015:Femicide 1000:Equality 951:Concepts 916:Cultural 875:Equality 856:Stiletto 851:Lipstick 775:Orthodox 738:Neopagan 726:Womanist 706:Buddhist 654:Embedded 649:Imperial 644:Carceral 617:Maternal 578:Womanism 266:Colombia 153:Canadian 143:American 100:Feminism 92:a series 90:Part of 60:and the 50:eugenics 5346:Parties 5221:Ukraine 5216:Vietnam 5126:Lebanon 5024:Germany 5014:Finland 5009:Denmark 4984:Albania 4972:Senegal 4967:Nigeria 4882:Therapy 4865:Science 4776:Biology 4293:Mizrahi 4261:Chicana 4222:Islamic 4158:Atheist 4094:Marxist 4064:Radical 4000:Liberal 3995:Lesbian 3973:Hip hop 3953:Eugenic 3894:Atheist 3867:General 3839:Wyoming 3672:General 3664:History 3513:1432830 2889:15 June 2806:1646393 2800:: 211. 2556:Decline 2535:Herland 2406:Alberta 2400:in the 1935:Ukraine 1930:Vietnam 1840:Lebanon 1738:Germany 1728:Finland 1723:Denmark 1698:Albania 1686:Senegal 1681:Nigeria 1588:Therapy 1561:science 1460:Biology 911:Radical 865:Liberal 841:Eugenic 765:Islamic 701:Atheist 549:Lesbian 544:Chicana 537:Ratchet 532:Lesbian 527:Hip hop 451:Marxist 375:Lesbian 251:Austria 148:British 117:History 83:History 5360:(1967) 5284:Muslim 5279:Jewish 5257:People 5211:Turkey 5201:Taiwan 5191:Sweden 5176:Russia 5171:Poland 5156:Norway 5109:Mexico 5089:Brazil 5064:Israel 5029:Greece 5019:France 4999:Canada 4937:Africa 4843:Ethics 4702:Method 4634:Theory 4545:Racism 4300:Romani 4288:Jewish 4227:Jewish 4173:Mormon 4121:Victim 4084:Social 4057:French 4005:Equity 3968:Global 3904:Choice 3777:Kuwait 3767:Canada 3715:Social 3614:", In 3602:  3511:  3472:  3464:  3426:  3386:  3291:  3008:  2969:  2912:  2882:  2844:: 213. 2804:  2774:  2764:  2432:, and 2352:Berlin 2268:genics 1925:Turkey 1915:Taiwan 1905:Sweden 1890:Russia 1885:Poland 1870:Norway 1823:Mexico 1803:Brazil 1778:Israel 1743:Greece 1733:France 1713:Canada 1651:Africa 1539:Ethics 1336:Theory 1177:Racism 880:Social 770:Jewish 716:Mormon 674:Victim 607:Equity 573:Romani 485:Global 338:states 295:Spain 281:Kuwait 261:Canada 193:Fourth 183:Second 158:German 66:Canada 5410:Index 5317:Other 5294:Poets 5249:Lists 5196:Syria 5136:Nepal 5099:Haiti 5094:Chile 5074:Japan 5069:Italy 5039:India 5004:China 4957:Ghana 4947:Egypt 4505:Media 4305:White 4256:Black 4217:Hindu 4188:Asian 4111:Trans 4106:State 4037:Post- 3990:Labor 3919:Cyber 3802:Wales 3772:Japan 3600:S2CID 3509:JSTOR 3470:S2CID 3462:JSTOR 3424:JSTOR 3006:S2CID 2167:When 1972:Lists 1910:Syria 1850:Nepal 1813:Haiti 1808:Chile 1788:Japan 1783:Italy 1753:India 1718:China 1671:Ghana 1661:Egypt 1137:Media 885:Labor 760:Hindu 731:Asian 679:White 639:State 522:Black 439:Queer 326:Wales 276:Japan 271:India 188:Third 178:First 169:Waves 5054:Iraq 5049:Iran 4962:Mali 4468:and 4281:Sámi 4239:Sikh 4027:Neo- 3829:Utah 3384:ISBN 3362:2021 3325:2018 3289:ISBN 3249:2021 3194:QMHJ 2967:ISBN 2910:ISBN 2891:2020 2880:ISSN 2802:SSRN 2772:OCLC 2762:ISBN 2732:2018 2705:2018 2672:link 2655:2018 2625:2018 2541:and 2416:" ( 2281:and 2228:and 2211:back 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Index

Eugenic Feminism

Marie Stopes
women's suffrage movement
eugenics
Caleb Saleeby
Great Britain
United States
Canada
The Famous Five
deteriorating characteristics
a series
Feminism

Feminist history
History of feminism
Women's history
American
British
Canadian
German
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Women's suffrage
Muslim countries
US
Other women's rights
Women's suffrage

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