35:
231:, secondarily lost in Nudipleura but still present in Umbraculoidea. As coded in Wägele and Klussmann-Kolb, phylogenetic hypothesis by Jörger et al. (2010) supports homology of the gizzard in Umbraculoidea with the gizzard with gizzard plates and spines in the other euopisthobranchian taxa. Thus, the structure is proposed as a synapomorphy of Euopisthobranchia.
218:
structures supporting a clade composed of
Cephalaspidea s.s., Pteropoda and Anaspidea. A gizzard with gizzard plates probably originated in herbivorous taxa in which it worked like a grinding mill, thus might be secondarily reduced in carnivorous groups within Cephalaspidea s.s. and Gymnosomata.
219:
Klussmann-Kolb and
Dinapoli considered the gizzard in Umbraculoidea as non-homologous with the one in the previous groups, on account of the absence of gizzard plates or spines. This contradicted Salvini-Plawen and Steiner, who had proposed the gizzard to be a
954:
Jörger K. M., Stöger I., Kano Y., Fukuda H., Knebelsberger T. & Schrödl M. (2010). "On the origin of
Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia".
895:
1044:
159:
as that taxon was traditionally defined but is not a replacement name for that group as several marine opisthobranch orders including
211:
34:
1031:
1085:
1049:
957:
648:
984:
1022:
228:
224:
263:
303:
151:
This clade was established as a new taxon by Jörger et al. in
October 2010. Euopisthobranchia is a
717:
29:
1057:
1062:
965:
695:
608:
156:
1036:
214:(i.e. a muscular oesophageal crop lined with cuticula) with gizzard plates as homologous
243:
showing phylogenic relations of the
Heterobranchia as proposed by Jörger et al. (2010):
900:
776:
571:
518:
250:
141:
1079:
905:
670:
593:
467:
359:
270:) - Lower Heterobranchia does not form a clade in the study by Jörger et al. (2010):
198:
178:
168:
498:
318:
220:
160:
152:
1016:
739:
682:
433:
429:
267:
1007:
533:
388:
290:
280:
215:
188:
164:
145:
86:
76:
969:
761:
425:
410:
240:
193:
183:
46:
1001:
66:
133:
56:
978:
137:
129:
982:
896:
Changes in the taxonomy of gastropods since 2005#Heterobranchia
916:
This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference.
991:
174:Euopisthobranchia consist of the following taxa:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
227:(Pteropoda, Cephalaspidea and Anaspidea) and
8:
979:
20:
920:
7:
754:
732:
710:
688:
663:
641:
586:
564:
557:
511:
504:
403:
381:
374:
352:
342:
296:
286:
256:
246:
14:
33:
428:(pteropods include two clades:
210:Previous studies discussed the
1:
901:Heterobranchia#2010 taxonomy
906:Acochlidiacea#2010 taxonomy
16:Taxon of gastropod molluscs
1102:
774:
759:
752:
737:
730:
715:
708:
693:
686:
668:
661:
646:
639:
606:
591:
584:
569:
562:
555:
531:
516:
509:
502:
465:
423:
408:
401:
386:
379:
372:
357:
350:
340:
316:
301:
294:
284:
261:
254:
114:
109:
30:Scientific classification
28:
23:
970:10.1186/1471-2148-10-323
958:BMC Evolutionary Biology
223:of the larger clade of
110:Taxonomic subdivisions
264:Lower Heterobranchia
304:Pleurobranchomorpha
104:Jörger et al., 2010
718:Systellommatophora
171:are not included.
24:Euopisthobranchia
1086:Euopisthobranchia
1073:
1072:
1058:Open Tree of Life
1037:Euopisthobranchia
1023:Euopisthobranchia
993:Euopisthobranchia
985:Taxon identifiers
886:
885:
877:
876:
868:
867:
859:
858:
850:
849:
841:
840:
832:
831:
823:
822:
814:
813:
805:
804:
796:
795:
787:
786:
628:
627:
619:
618:
544:
543:
488:
487:
479:
478:
454:
453:
445:
444:
347:Euopisthobranchia
329:
328:
229:Eleutherobranchia
225:Paratectibranchia
144:within the clade
126:Euopisthobranchia
123:
122:
105:
100:Euopisthobranchia
1093:
1066:
1065:
1053:
1052:
1040:
1039:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1012:
1011:
1010:
980:
973:
952:
755:
733:
711:
689:
664:
642:
587:
565:
558:
512:
505:
404:
382:
375:
353:
343:
297:
287:
257:
247:
103:
38:
37:
21:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1061:
1056:
1048:
1043:
1035:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1006:
1005:
1000:
987:
977:
976:
953:
922:
914:
892:
887:
878:
869:
860:
851:
842:
833:
824:
815:
806:
797:
788:
696:Stylommatophora
629:
620:
609:Pyramidelloidea
545:
489:
480:
455:
446:
330:
237:
208:
157:Opisthobranchia
155:portion of the
128:is a taxonomic
102:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1099:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1054:
1041:
1028:
1013:
997:
995:
989:
988:
983:
975:
974:
919:
918:
913:
910:
909:
908:
903:
898:
891:
888:
884:
883:
880:
879:
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871:
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865:
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861:
857:
856:
853:
852:
848:
847:
844:
843:
839:
838:
835:
834:
830:
829:
826:
825:
821:
820:
817:
816:
812:
811:
808:
807:
803:
802:
799:
798:
794:
793:
790:
789:
785:
784:
781:
780:
777:Trimusculoidea
773:
770:
769:
766:
765:
758:
753:
751:
748:
747:
744:
743:
736:
731:
729:
726:
725:
722:
721:
714:
709:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
692:
687:
685:
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678:
675:
674:
667:
662:
660:
657:
656:
653:
652:
645:
640:
638:
635:
634:
631:
630:
626:
625:
622:
621:
617:
616:
613:
612:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
590:
585:
583:
580:
579:
576:
575:
572:Glacidorboidea
568:
563:
561:
556:
554:
551:
550:
547:
546:
542:
541:
538:
537:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
519:Siphonarioidea
515:
510:
508:
503:
501:
495:
494:
491:
490:
486:
485:
482:
481:
477:
476:
473:
472:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
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451:
448:
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443:
442:
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438:
422:
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418:
415:
414:
407:
402:
400:
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393:
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385:
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371:
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356:
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331:
327:
326:
323:
322:
315:
312:
311:
308:
307:
300:
295:
293:
285:
283:
277:
276:
273:
272:
260:
255:
253:
251:Heterobranchia
245:
236:
233:
207:
204:
203:
202:
196:
191:
186:
181:
142:Heterobranchia
121:
120:
112:
111:
107:
106:
97:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
44:
40:
39:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1098:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1003:
999:
998:
996:
994:
990:
986:
981:
971:
967:
963:
960:
959:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
921:
917:
911:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
889:
882:
881:
873:
872:
864:
863:
855:
854:
846:
845:
837:
836:
828:
827:
819:
818:
810:
809:
801:
800:
792:
791:
783:
782:
779:
778:
772:
771:
768:
767:
764:
763:
757:
756:
750:
749:
746:
745:
742:
741:
735:
734:
728:
727:
724:
723:
720:
719:
713:
712:
706:
705:
702:
701:
698:
697:
691:
690:
684:
681:
680:
677:
676:
673:
672:
671:Acochlidiacea
666:
665:
659:
658:
655:
654:
651:
650:
644:
643:
637:
636:
633:
632:
624:
623:
615:
614:
611:
610:
604:
603:
600:
599:
596:
595:
594:Amphiboloidea
589:
588:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
567:
566:
560:
559:
553:
552:
549:
548:
540:
539:
536:
535:
529:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:
514:
513:
507:
506:
500:
497:
496:
493:
492:
484:
483:
475:
474:
471:
469:
468:Cephalaspidea
463:
462:
459:
458:
450:
449:
441:
440:
437:
435:
431:
427:
421:
420:
417:
416:
413:
412:
406:
405:
399:
398:
395:
394:
391:
390:
384:
383:
377:
376:
370:
369:
366:
365:
362:
361:
360:Umbraculoidea
355:
354:
348:
345:
344:
338:
337:
334:
333:
325:
324:
321:
320:
314:
313:
310:
309:
306:
305:
299:
298:
292:
289:
288:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
271:
269:
265:
259:
258:
252:
249:
248:
244:
242:
234:
232:
230:
226:
222:
217:
213:
205:
200:
199:Cephalaspidea
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
179:Umbraculoidea
177:
176:
175:
172:
170:
169:Acochlidiacea
166:
162:
158:
154:
149:
147:
143:
140:in the clade
139:
135:
131:
127:
119:
118:
113:
108:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
58:
55:
52:
51:
48:
45:
42:
41:
36:
31:
27:
22:
19:
992:
961:
956:
915:
775:
760:
738:
716:
694:
669:
647:
607:
592:
570:
532:
517:
499:Panpulmonata
466:
424:
409:
387:
358:
346:
319:Nudibranchia
317:
302:
262:
238:
221:synapomorphy
209:
173:
161:Nudibranchia
153:monophyletic
150:
125:
124:
116:
115:
99:
93:
83:Infraclass:
18:
1017:Wikispecies
740:Ellobioidea
683:Eupulmonata
434:Thecosomata
430:Gymnosomata
268:Acteonoidea
266:(including
912:References
649:Hygrophila
534:Sacoglossa
389:Runcinacea
291:Nudipleura
281:Euthyneura
216:apomorphic
189:Runcinacea
165:Sacoglossa
146:Euthyneura
87:Euthyneura
77:Gastropoda
762:Otinoidea
426:Pteropoda
411:Anaspidea
241:cladogram
235:Cladogram
194:Pteropoda
184:Anaspidea
53:Kingdom:
47:Eukaryota
1080:Category
1008:Q5365190
1002:Wikidata
890:See also
117:See text
67:Mollusca
63:Phylum:
57:Animalia
43:Domain:
964:: 323.
212:gizzard
206:Gizzard
73:Class:
1063:126312
134:snails
470:s.s.
138:slugs
130:clade
94:Clade
1050:6496
1045:NCBI
432:and
201:s.s.
167:and
136:and
1032:AFD
966:doi
132:of
1082::
1060::
1047::
1034::
1019::
1004::
962:10
923:^
436:)
239:A
163:,
148:.
96::
972:.
968::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
