496:
As the corners are curved it presents itself as a circular shape and hence the name vattakkottai (Circular fort) The fortification of
Vattakottai was completed under the supervision of De-Lannoy assisted by Marthanda Pillai, a local chief. The fort covers an area of three and a half acres. The fort is enclosed by walls 25 to 26 feet high, including the parapet, 29 feet thick at the front, 18 feet at the corners and 6 feet at the rear. Inside the fort, there are watch towers which measures from 3 to 6 feet. THere are holes on the walls for the guns and ramps inside the ramparts for the cannons to be moved. This fort was built of stone and lime and it covered an area of 171800 square feet. The fort was strategically situated to carry out defensive maneuvers.
283:. Legends states that a tiny spark to the gun powder stock in their ship buried all their rice reserves. The foodless army had no other go than surrendering to the Travancore contingent. Further, the Dutch were helpless against the cavalry of Travancore. The local legends state that, in accordance with the orders of the Maharajah, the local fisherfolk had made cannon replicas, diverting the attention of the Dutch. This battle is important as it marked the decline of Dutch influence in India.
574:
488:
119:, an immigrant noble family from the Franco-Belgian border town of Lannoy. He was a Roman Catholic and early in his life he joined the Dutch East India Company. Over time, he became an expert in constructions for fortifications. He arrived in Colombo, Ceylon (present Sri Lanka) in 1737, where General Imhoff was stationed. General Imhoff had a liking towards De Lannoy and he took him to Travancore in 1739.
22:
77:, who made him an officer in the Travancore military. De Lannoy trained the army on European lines and, in the course of time, became a valiant and successful commander of the same army that had defeated his Dutch forces. Captain de Lannoy, who joined his service, was promoted to the Senior Admiral (Valiya Kappithan), and modernised the Travancore army by introducing firearms and artillery.
128:
603:"Stand Traveller! Here lies Eustachius Benedictus De Lannoy: who was Commander of the general Travancore Army and for nearly thirty-seven years with the greatest faithfulness served the King, to whom by the strength and fear of his armies he subjugated all kingdoms from Kayangulam to Cochin. He lived 62 years and 5 months and died first day of June 1777. May he rest in peace."
445:
136:
388:
1253:(Brussels, 24–26 November 1994), Brussels: Paleis der Academiën (Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België, Wetenschappelijk comité voor maritieme geschiedenis), Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België, Speciale Uitgaven no. 37, 1996;
63:, or Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) with the objective of instituting a trading post for the company at Colachel. The company was the world's first joint-stock company and was the largest multinational company. It was a very rich corporation and had its own naval fleet to protect its trade and maritime establishments.
464:
The
Udayagiri Fort is situated nearly one kilometer away from Thuckalay. De-Lannoy reconstructed and fortified the fort at Udayagiri, which was built in 1742 A.D. The Udayagiri Fort walls and ramparts which are 18 feet high and 15 feet thickness with parapets averaging 4 feet in height are faced with
408:
in an act of revenge for having been defeated in his attempt to subdue
Travancore in 1789. It had a length of 40 km and extended from the sea near Vypeen Island to the Western ghats. Just before returning to Mysore after his failed attempt, he spent six days to demolish the lines which he called
504:
This fort which is located one kilometer away from
Padmanabhapuram was also built by Captain De Lannoy. It was earlier built to protect the Padmanabhapuram palace and was fortified by the Dutch captain. This fort was used to manufacture and store ammunition for the artilleries and fire arms produced
495:
De Lannoy repaired and strengthened the old fort that was built by Pandya kings. Vattakottai Fort is a specially built fort on the sea coastline on the southern tip of India. It was set up as the southern most sea coast defense area by the Dutch. Its a
Rectangular shaped fort made of granite stones.
154:
The Dutch East India
Company wanted to acquire and monopolize the trade of pepper and other spices, which was sourced from the Kingdom of Kayamkulam and sold in the European markets at exorbitant prices . The negotiations with the Travancore the king Maharaja Marthanda Varma was futile, and it was
435:
The palace fort of
Padmanabhapuram was constructed for to save the palace and for the safety of the king who lived in the Padmanabhapuram palace. The fort has an area of 187 acres. The Padmanabhapuram fort was built with mud originally was disassembled and reconstructed with granite rocks. The
465:
huge blocks of well arranged granite. The space between the inner and the outer ramparts consisted of mud. Besides the gateway there are smaller doors near three bastions. The
Udayagiri Fort served as a military base during the reign of Marthanda Varma which was supervised by Captain De-Lannoy
533:
At some point of his military career, De Lannoy got well acquainted with
Neelakanta Pillai, a Nair palace official, who after learning of Christian traditions and beliefs through De Lannoy, converted to Christianity. As they both had influential roles under the king, they got well acquainted.
200:
In 1741, the Dutch also restored to the throne, the young princess of
Elayadathu Swarupam who had been deposed by the Maharaja. When this came to the knowledge of the Maharaja, he attacked the Elayadathu Princess and the Dutch. The Dutch were defeated and the Princess fled to
409:
the 'Contemptible Wall'. He had sworn to demolish it earlier after his failed attempt to breach it on 28 December 1789, and lost 2000 soldiers in that single night, due to the spirited defence by the Cadres, for the loss of just a few soldiers of Travancore.
302:
De-Lannoy gave attention to the reorganization of the army of Travancore which consisted of 50,000 troops of all branches such as infantry, cavalry, artillery and irregular troops, trained and drilled on Western lines under his direction and supervision
294:
The Dutch prisoners expressed their willingness to serve the Maharaja of Travancore. De Lannoy was entrusted with the job of training a Regiment of the army in European tactics of war and discipline. De Lannoy performed this task to the satisfaction of
193:, made a report to his government on the interferences of the Maharaja in the affairs of the smaller Malabar kingdoms. The subsequent year, the Governor gave a direct warning to the Maharaja, threatening an invasion of
403:
and other marauders. The Wall was well-fortified and garrisoned. It had mounds, underground tunnels, barracks, arsenals and supply depots. It was a great stoppage to any invader coming from the north. It was erased by
275:
31 July 1741). De Lannoy's military contingent was superior in that, it had firearms and artillery and was better equipped and trained, but was no match to the tactics and aggressiveness used by the
306:
De Lannoy organized the Travancore army on European lines, introduced gunpowder and firearms, hitherto not used in the kingdom, and increased the regiments and improved defence fortifications.
364:
Captain De Lannoy's military skills and loyalty were recognised not only by the king and his state officials, but also by the subjects of Travancore, who called him by the nom de guerre "
473:
He built a factory to produce war materials such as cannon balls. These were heavy artillery materials made of pure iron. The weight of such cannon balls ranged from 30 kgs to 1800 kgs.
399:, a line of fortifications in the North of the Kingdom, known as the Travancore Lines. This fortification proved immensely useful in defending the kingdom against the attacks of
1153:
224:. Thus, Eustachius De Lannoy and his Dutch naval expedition went on a mission to defeat the Maharaja and take over his territories. His forces landed near Colachel, at
1238:, Brussels: Paleis der Academiën (Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België, Wetenschappelijk comité voor maritieme geschiedenis),
1260:, Leiden: University of Leiden, CNWS publications No. 58, 1997. Travancore Archaeological series Vol VI, A.S. Ramanatha Ayyar Cultural Publications Department 2003.
286:
In all, twenty-four Dutch officers were imprisoned, including De Lannoy and Donadi, while the rest of the Dutchmen either retreated to their ships or were killed.
1303:
771:
745:
1318:
66:
In order to establish the trade post, the Dutch force had to engage the Travancore army. They subsequently defeated the Dutch naval force at the
1108:
1221:
436:
height of the walls varies from 15 feet to 24 feet according to the inclination of the ground. The thickness of the fort wall was 35 feet.
1323:
1313:
260:, the capital. But soon the Travancore forces arrived from the North under the direct command of Marthanda Varma and his minister,
1288:
917:
1283:
1230:
M. DE LANNOY, "Een Zuidnederlander in dienst van de Radja van Travancore : Eustache Benoît de Lannoy (1715-1777)", in
1126:
956:
525:(de Lannoy's Fort) as it is known locally, where he had also built a small chapel for his family and other Christians.
561:
on 15 May 2022 by Pope Francis Thus, De Lannoy had an important role in the conversion and Christian life of saint
84:
army was instrumental in the later military successes and exploits of Travancore under Maharaja Marthanda Varma and
174:, M.A. Maten, took sides with the Maharaja's adversaries. This put the Dutch on a direct confrontation course with
190:
1308:
1293:
318:
206:
163:
74:
60:
49:
1035:
Monument Study Series, No.3, Vattakottai, Scott Christian College, Department of History, Nagercoil, 1979, p.1
859:
309:
Captain De Lannoy was a skilled military strategist. His military skills, combined with the tactics of the
1328:
1298:
1239:
1053:
The Catholic Truth Society of India, Devasahayam Pillai or Lazarus, the Heroic Neophyte, Trichy, 1945, p.2
710:
321:
proved very effective in the future military exploitations and annexations of the Northern kingdoms up to
26:
1080:
875:
796:
1278:
1273:
645:
236:. At this time, Marthanda Varma and the main part of his army were away in the northern territories.
1258:
The Kulasekhara Perumals of Travancore. History and State Formation in Travancore from 1671 to 1758
233:
178:. Marthanda warma was bent on annexing Kayamkulam which would become futile for the Dutch company.
1008:
Parameswaran Pillai, N., The Evolution of Travancore State Forces, Vol.II, Trivandrum, 1946, p.31.
644:, where De Lannoy first landed as Commander of the Dutch fleet, is a small seaport in present-day
354:
655:
562:
550:
535:
453:
417:
280:
159:
144:
67:
30:
91:
Though he served the Dutch, the origin of Captain de Lannoy was from France. He was part of the
573:
1246:
1231:
1217:
1161:
1072:
1068:
546:
1245:
M. DE LANNOY, "European soldiers in the service of Travancore in the eighteenth century", in
1044:
Edwin, W.,Chithaivugal (Tamil), Kanyakumari Academy of Arts and Science, Nagercoil, 2004,p.12
772:"Travancore: When an enemy became leader of Travancore army | Chennai News - Times of India"
746:"Travancore: When an enemy became leader of Travancore army | Chennai News - Times of India"
651:
482:
413:
166:
had annexed some territories to the north of his Kingdom and was also at confrontation with
116:
96:
1093:
937:
Shungunny Menon, P., History of Travancore from the earliest times, New Delhi, 1878, p.165
635:
631:
586:
514:
487:
421:
314:
296:
261:
257:
175:
1190:
1017:
Ramanatha Iyar. A.S., Travancore Archaeological Series, Vol. VI, Trivandrum, 1927, p. 50
613:
594:
578:
542:
518:
449:
225:
41:
73:
De Lannoy, who was captured in the battle, subsequently earned the trust of the king,
1267:
1186:
990:
Vasudeva Poduval R., A short guide to Padmanabhapuram palace, Trivandrum, 1941, p. 21
92:
427:
De Lannoy is also credited with the erection of some other small forts and tunnels.
334:
81:
40:(also sometimes called 'Captain De Lannoy') (30 December 1715 – 1 June 1777,
21:
1211:
55:
De Lannoy, originally a Dutch naval officer, arrived with a Dutch naval force at
590:
405:
400:
350:
342:
85:
822:
621:
457:
396:
382:
358:
330:
276:
217:
210:
194:
167:
45:
1165:
1130:
946:
Raja Thangam A., Captain De-Lannoy and Travancore, Nagercoil, 2005, pp.21, 22
420:, the hill-forts of Savakkotta, and the Marunnu Kotta (Ammunition fort) near
625:
617:
554:
513:
As a Christian, De Lannoy was prohibited from entering the king's palace at
444:
346:
272:
253:
1064:
999:
Gopala Krishnan, M., Gazetteer of India, Kanyakumari District, 1900, p.122.
135:
127:
918:"How A Dutch Commander Became Travancore's Great Captain | Madras Courier"
641:
338:
268:
245:
56:
600:
The English translation of the Latin inscription on his tombstone runs:
597:. The tombs of De Lannoy and his family can be seen inside the church.
387:
299:
who appointed him captain. Donadi also was given a high military post.
229:
823:"Dutch in Kerala - Glimpses of World History through Kerala and Dutch"
589:
died in 1758, and De Lannoy served as military chief to his successor
734:
Nilkan Perumal A., The Truth about Travancore, Trivandrum,1939, p.201
326:
322:
249:
221:
202:
186:
182:
171:
112:
1026:
Daily Thanthi, Tamil Daily, Nagercoil Edition, Dated 14.4.2004, p.7.
905:. Madras: S. Viswanathan printers and publishers. pp. 263, 287.
725:
Varatharajan A., History of Kolachal (Tamil), Nagercoil, 2005, P.26.
572:
558:
486:
443:
386:
310:
134:
126:
108:
20:
1251:
International Conference on Shipping, Factories and Colonization
593:. De Lannoy died in 1777 and was interred in the chapel within
220:. They called for reinforcements from the Dutch settlements in
1065:"Devasahayam: The First Martyr for Jesus Christ in Travancore"
876:"Battle of Colachel & Victory Pillar | Online Kanyakumari"
538:. Devasahayam became a martyr of the Christian faith in 1752.
864:. Trivandrum, Travancore government press. pp. 340–341.
715:. Trivandrum, Travancore government press. pp. 342–343.
1236:
Vlamingen overzee. Flamands en outre-mer. Flemings overseas
44:) was a skilled military strategist and commander of the
981:
Travancore Devasam Hand Book, Trivandrum, 1970, p.30.
244:
The Dutch forces initially took over the lands from
325:over a period of time. They defeated and annexed
634:, the capital of Travancore during the time of
264:. and commanders of the Travancore Nair army,
654:("Circular Fort") is a seaside fort, close to
209:also attacked and captured the Dutch forts in
155:decided to use military pressure against him.
534:Neelankanta Pillai took the baptised name of
8:
557:laity of the church in 2012, and was made a
256:). Their next aim was to proceed to capture
107:De Lannoy was born on December 30, 1715, in
424:were built under De Lannoy's supervision.
1127:"History « Nemom Devasahayam Centre"
1109:"Sainthood for Devasahayam Pillai likely"
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
391:Relics of Nedumkotta in Thrissur District
372:Forts built under De Lennoy's supervision
16:Military commander of the Travancore army
797:"The Dutch Defector and The Kerala King"
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
290:Appointment as Travancore army commander
668:
581:, with inscriptions in Latin and Tamil.
577:De Lannoy's burial site at the tomb at
216:The Dutch now planned for an attack on
1089:
1078:
957:"The Travancore Lines and Tipu Sultan"
529:Conversion of saint Devasahayam Pillai
80:His role as military commander of the
1304:People from the Kingdom of Travancore
1152:Rajeev, Sharat Sunder (1 June 2017).
7:
1213:The Dutch Power in Kerala, 1729-1758
131:Logo of the Dutch East India Company
916:Courier, Madras (8 January 2017).
14:
1107:Staff Reporter (27 April 2015).
612:De Lannoy's tomb is located at
368:", meaning 'The Great Captain'.
29:of De Lannoy's surrender at the
185:in 1739, the Dutch governor of
38:Eustachius Benedictus de Lannoy
1319:Military personnel from Kerala
1195:. Travancore Government Press.
162:and the arrival of De Lannoy,
1:
1154:"Stories these forts narrate"
770:M. K. Ananth (19 July 2018).
744:M. K. Ananth (19 July 2018).
517:, so he resided primarily at
861:The Travancore state manual
712:The Travancore state manual
371:
158:In the 1730s, prior to the
1345:
903:A survey of Kerala History
480:
412:Many other forts like the
380:
142:
1324:18th-century Dutch people
1249:& J. PARMENTIER eds
901:Menon, Sreedhara (1996).
191:Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff
1314:Dutch emigrants to India
491:Vattakkottai and the sea
319:Maharaja Marthanda Varma
207:Maharaja Marthanda Varma
170:. The Dutch governor at
164:Maharaja Marthanda Varma
75:Maharaja Marthanda Varma
61:Dutch East India Company
50:Maharaja Marthanda Varma
1216:. Mittal Publications.
1192:Travancore State Manual
858:Aiya, V. Nagam (1906).
709:Aiya, V. Nagam (1906).
317:, and statesmanship of
1289:Indian Roman Catholics
1088:Cite journal requires
582:
492:
461:
392:
267:The two forces met at
140:
139:Colachel port in 1900s
132:
34:
27:Padmanabhapuram Palace
1284:Dutch Roman Catholics
1210:Koshy, M. O. (1989).
616:, on the present-day
576:
490:
447:
390:
138:
130:
115:. He belonged to the
24:
1240:Collectanea Maritima
1063:Raj, Pushpa (2014).
646:Kanyakumari District
448:De Lannoy's Tomb at
431:Padmanabhapuram fort
416:facing the sea near
395:De Lannoy built the
123:Battle of Colachel
59:in 1741 sent by the
803:. 19 September 2019
505:at Udayagiri Fort.
271:on 10 August 1741 (
882:. 29 November 2015
776:The Times of India
750:The Times of India
583:
563:Devasahayam Pillai
551:Devasahayam Pillai
536:Devasahayam Pillai
493:
462:
393:
366:Valiya Kappithaan
281:Battle of Colachel
181:During a visit to
160:Battle of Colachel
145:Battle of Colachel
141:
133:
68:Battle of Colachel
35:
31:Battle of Colachel
1223:978-81-7099-136-6
1067:. Rochester, NY.
880:OnlineKanyakumari
827:dutchinkerala.com
547:Pope Benedict XVI
509:Life at Udayagiri
1336:
1227:
1197:
1196:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1133:on 26 April 2017
1129:. Archived from
1123:
1117:
1116:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1076:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1000:
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988:
982:
979:
973:
972:
970:
968:
953:
947:
944:
938:
935:
929:
928:
926:
924:
913:
907:
906:
898:
892:
891:
889:
887:
872:
866:
865:
855:
838:
837:
835:
833:
819:
813:
812:
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808:
793:
787:
786:
784:
782:
767:
761:
760:
758:
756:
741:
735:
732:
726:
723:
717:
716:
706:
652:Vattakottai Fort
483:Vattakottai Fort
414:Vattakottai Fort
313:of Travancore,
252:(in present-day
117:de Lannoy family
97:de Lannoy family
1344:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1309:Colonial Kerala
1294:Indian generals
1264:
1263:
1224:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1087:
1077:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
998:
994:
989:
985:
980:
976:
966:
964:
963:. 4 August 2019
955:
954:
950:
945:
941:
936:
932:
922:
920:
915:
914:
910:
900:
899:
895:
885:
883:
874:
873:
869:
857:
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841:
831:
829:
821:
820:
816:
806:
804:
795:
794:
790:
780:
778:
769:
768:
764:
754:
752:
743:
742:
738:
733:
729:
724:
720:
708:
707:
670:
665:
636:Marthanda Varma
632:Padmanabhapuram
609:
604:
587:Marthanda Varma
571:
531:
523:De Lannoy Kotta
515:Padmanabhapuram
511:
502:
500:Ammunition Fort
485:
479:
471:
442:
433:
422:Padmanabhapuram
385:
379:
374:
315:Ramayyan Dalawa
297:Marthanda Varma
292:
262:Ramayyan Dalawa
258:Padmanabhapuram
176:Marthanda Varma
147:
125:
105:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1342:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1256:M. DE LANNOY,
1254:
1243:
1228:
1222:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1187:Aiya, V. Nagam
1178:
1144:
1118:
1099:
1090:|journal=
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1001:
992:
983:
974:
948:
939:
930:
908:
893:
867:
839:
814:
788:
762:
736:
727:
718:
667:
666:
664:
661:
660:
659:
649:
639:
629:
624:highway, near
614:Udayagiri Fort
608:
605:
602:
595:Udayagiri Fort
579:Udayagiri Fort
570:
567:
543:Roman Catholic
530:
527:
519:Udayagiri Fort
510:
507:
501:
498:
481:Main article:
478:
475:
470:
469:Cannon Factory
467:
450:Udayagiri Fort
441:
440:Udayagiri fort
438:
432:
429:
381:Main article:
378:
375:
373:
370:
291:
288:
279:forces at the
242:
241:
226:Thengapattanam
152:
151:
143:Main article:
124:
121:
104:
101:
42:Udayagiri Fort
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1341:
1330:
1329:Lannoy family
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1299:Dutch sailors
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
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1219:
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1208:
1207:
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1202:
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1193:
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1155:
1148:
1145:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1002:
996:
993:
987:
984:
978:
975:
962:
958:
952:
949:
943:
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1247:J. EVERAERT
1232:C. KONINCKX
801:Storytrails
656:Kanyakumari
591:Dharma Raja
454:Kanyakumari
418:Kanyakumari
406:Tipu Sultan
401:Tipu Sultan
351:Thekkumkoor
343:Ambalapuzha
1268:Categories
663:References
622:Trivandrum
458:Trivandrum
397:Nedumkotta
383:Nedumkotta
377:Nedumkotta
359:Travancore
331:Kayamkulam
277:Travancore
240:The battle
218:Travancore
211:Travancore
195:Travancore
168:Kayamkulam
150:Background
103:Early life
86:Dharmaraja
82:Travancore
46:Travancore
1166:0971-751X
1158:The Hindu
1113:The Hindu
961:DNA India
626:Thuckalay
618:Nagercoil
585:Maharaja
555:beatified
347:Edappally
254:Nagercoil
1189:(1906).
1137:25 April
642:Colachel
607:See also
460:highway.
339:Pandalam
269:Colachel
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1171:21 July
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452:on the
230:Midalam
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323:Cochin
250:Kottar
222:Ceylon
203:Cochin
187:Ceylon
183:Cochin
172:Cochin
113:France
569:Death
559:saint
549:made
521:, or
357:with
311:Dewan
109:Arras
1234:ed.
1218:ISBN
1173:2021
1162:ISSN
1139:2017
1094:help
1069:SSRN
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