3898:
1515:
3803:
323:
1339:
2407:
3874:
3610:
3850:
2000:
1446:
733:
2033:
1553:
809:
4003:
3827:
1931:
1395:
4088:
3757:
3716:
1107:
4124:
3915:
3769:
3586:
1313:
4351:
4052:
4040:
4028:
3950:
3745:
3622:
3562:
4076:
3991:
3728:
3692:
3634:
3598:
3574:
2278:
1944:
1645:
1199:
757:
63:
4064:
3862:
3815:
3680:
2199:
2083:
2060:
1866:
1743:
1173:
1141:
1055:
861:
835:
783:
705:
679:
2321:
2176:
1905:
1479:
1367:
1021:
3979:
3668:
4112:
4100:
3962:
3651:
2153:
1842:
972:
2255:
2106:
1782:
887:
3927:
3886:
3781:
3704:
2222:
1671:
1602:
1233:
1081:
4684:
644:
The Party of the
European Left consists of member parties with full rights, observer parties, individual members and EL partners. As of June 2024, The Party of the European Left has 25 member parties in 22 countries. Not all members of PEL are members of
2675:
4675:
2727:
2649:
4469:
2701:
4812:
2731:
2679:
4462:
4288:
2448:
2653:
4455:
409:. Before the PEL was founded, most of its members already held annual meetings together, as part of the New European Left Forum (NELF). The current president is the Austrian politician
2705:
3696:
1065:
4878:
4689:
4587:
4336:
3513:
472:
4499:
4363:
3535:
646:
395:
213:
4799:
4672:
2443:
2417:
4863:
3732:
2043:
1151:
4314:
2633:
4719:
4817:
4789:
4769:
4623:
4494:
4426:
4373:
4293:
551:
547:
338:
208:
3578:
2438:
715:
4740:
2491:
The number of MEPs listed below may not match the total number of MEPs of the
European party, as it does not include MEPs who join as individual members.
291:
275:
3433:
3506:
4888:
4868:
4764:
4749:
4893:
4822:
4694:
3878:
3749:
2804:
1563:
4504:
4368:
3312:
3229:
3163:
3041:
2609:
2572:
3995:
2535:
1876:
4883:
4283:
3660:
3291:
4572:
4873:
4858:
4774:
4729:
4322:
3866:
3499:
1889:
1491:
543:
4754:
4092:
2186:
4597:
4567:
4044:
3638:
3274:
2020:
871:
391:
387:
4056:
2070:
468:
3337:
2911:
4832:
4827:
1183:
572:
4329:
2873:
4779:
4759:
4557:
2523:
3393:
2779:
4784:
4724:
4421:
2433:
2377:
933:
669:
406:
3075:
4898:
4529:
4403:
3708:
1091:
555:
480:
154:
4699:
4651:
4158:
3919:
3795:
2463:
2232:
1655:
1323:
597:
343:
4080:
3602:
2209:
793:
4646:
4524:
4393:
4032:
3737:
3626:
3566:
3187:
2630:
2453:
2010:
845:
689:
333:
2850:"Walter Baier, the new president of the Party of the European Left: we stand for peace and defend the environment"
4582:
4577:
4509:
4378:
3614:
2265:
2049:
819:
4485:
4345:
4007:
3790:
3761:
2395:
1954:
1281:
371:
3971:
3101:
4211:
471:) announced the schism of the party and the formation of a socially liberal (green- and pro-Ukraine leaning)
4196:
3983:
3643:
3447:
2995:
2822:
2093:
535:
2938:
4514:
4383:
3655:
2163:
2132:
897:
4592:
4431:
3807:
3720:
3151:
1349:
1117:
3854:
2874:
Grants from the
European Parliament to political foundations at European level per foundation per year
1456:
137:
4602:
4519:
4388:
4191:
4128:
2288:
504:
375:
162:
605:
454:
4278:
4116:
4104:
3907:
3819:
3785:
3773:
2961:
2501:
2345:
2331:
2140:
2116:
1540:
1377:
1245:
1209:
616:
527:
399:
260:
231:
182:
2539:
4661:
4562:
3672:
3416:
3296:
3221:
3181:
3120:
982:
567:
496:
476:
197:
192:
172:
386:
and other
European countries. It was formed in January 2004 for the purposes of running in the
4257:
4241:
4148:
3270:
3235:
3225:
3169:
3159:
3037:
2969:
2605:
2568:
2412:
632:
589:
500:
201:
2562:
4181:
3902:
3408:
3266:
3112:
3029:
2597:
2359:
2242:
1525:
245:
4837:
4436:
4206:
4201:
3897:
3831:
2637:
1766:
1520:
1405:
516:
177:
1461:
144:
2753:
571:, Walter Baier, the president of PEL, described PEL as part of the "socialist left" and
4641:
4627:
4607:
4447:
4350:
4002:
3873:
3826:
3609:
3590:
2458:
2326:
2038:
1936:
1558:
1400:
814:
767:
531:
484:
383:
322:
4852:
4221:
4216:
3420:
3124:
2849:
620:
576:
520:
483:
in
Germany, and the creation of a separate platform for the 2024 European elections,
2885:
4636:
4226:
4153:
3890:
3462:
2589:
2126:
1612:
624:
609:
593:
458:
410:
81:
464:
It operates a think tank, Transform Europe, and it has women's wing named EL-Fem.
62:
4794:
4612:
4539:
4408:
4262:
4236:
4231:
4186:
4163:
4068:
3802:
3217:
2015:
Stopped working as a Party in 2009, since
December 2013 not listed as a Member.
1344:
628:
601:
450:
519:
and consists of parties with wide range of opinions. PEL is also supportive of
4087:
3954:
3756:
3715:
3067:
1753:
1112:
132:
3491:
3366:
3239:
3173:
2973:
2237:
Dissolved in
December 2014, which meant that the "observer status" was lost.
17:
3966:
3394:"Patterns of Transnational Partisan Contestation of European Foreign Policy"
3155:
3116:
3033:
2601:
1792:
1318:
512:
508:
379:
167:
3211:
3145:
3021:
4123:
3914:
3768:
3585:
3412:
2283:
1949:
1650:
1204:
762:
539:
405:
Several member and observer parties participate also in the more radical
121:
2805:"European Left Party elects Die Linke's Heinz Bierbaum as new president"
2536:"Some remarks concerning the creation of the Party of the European Left"
4075:
4051:
4039:
4027:
3990:
3978:
3949:
3849:
3744:
3727:
3691:
3667:
3633:
3621:
3597:
3573:
3561:
2204:
2158:
2088:
2065:
2005:
1871:
1847:
1748:
1451:
1178:
1146:
1060:
977:
866:
840:
788:
738:
710:
684:
125:
85:
2912:"Enhedslisten forlader European Left og går med i nyt europæisk parti"
2524:
Some remarks concerning the creation of the Party of the
European Left
2500:
4 of the deputies of the
Communist Party of Spain are also members of
4111:
4099:
4063:
3961:
3861:
3814:
3684:
3679:
3650:
3262:
3258:
2260:
2181:
2111:
1910:
1787:
1484:
1372:
1031:
1026:
892:
579:
and "closer to enlightened absolutism than parliamentary democracy".
446:
442:
434:
426:
3292:"Díaz-Canel thanks European Left Party for its longstanding support"
2631:
Press release of the EL Executive Board meeting in
Tallinn, May 2007
2270:
Dissolved in 2015, which meant that the "observer status" was lost.
2247:
Dissolved in 2019, which meant that the "observer status" was lost.
425:, Italy. The party's first congress took place on 8 October 2005 in
421:
The Party of European Left (PEL) was formed on 8 and 9 May 2004 in
4655:
3931:
3926:
3885:
3780:
3703:
3102:"Chapter 3: Between populism and socialism: Slovenia's Left party"
2728:"Convention of the 4th Congress of the Party of the European Left"
2227:
1681:
1676:
1607:
1238:
1086:
438:
3486:
313:
3213:
The new European left: a socialism for the twenty-first century?
3026:
The New European Left: A Socialism for the Twenty-First Century?
2564:
The New European Left: A Socialism for the Twenty-First Century?
559:
475:, in short ELA. The split follows the split of socially liberal
422:
4451:
4318:
3495:
3479:
3435:
Pourquoi le PCB a quitté le Parti de la Gauche Européenne (PGE)
2678:. Party of the European Left. 15 September 2010. Archived from
2676:"Executive board met in Luxembourg: Countdown to the Congress"
2730:. Party of the European Left. 12 January 2013. Archived from
2704:. Party of the European Left. 6 December 2010. Archived from
4289:
List of communist parties represented in European Parliament
3313:"If the European Union Doesn't Democratize, It Will Crumble"
2449:
List of communist parties represented in European Parliament
2780:"Gysi elected president of European Left – DW – 12/17/2016"
2025:
Resignation decided at the party congress on 30 July 2018.
390:. The PEL was founded on 8–9 May 2004 in Rome. The elected
3453:
Newswebsite of the Deutschen Kommunistischen Partei (DKP).
445:. Its fifth congress took place on 16–18 December 2016 in
402:, though not all PEL members are also members of GUE/NGL.
441:. Its fourth congress was held on 13–15 December 2013 in
562:, and a delegation visited the nation in February 2022.
503:
political party. Its ideology is based on principles of
437:. The third congress was held on 2–5 December 2010 in
433:. The second congress was held 23–25 November 2007 in
4690:
European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance
4588:
European Left Alliance for the People and the Planet
473:
European Left Alliance for the People and the Planet
4738:
4708:
4670:
4621:
4548:
4500:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
4483:
4364:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
4271:
4250:
4172:
4141:
4016:
3940:
3840:
3552:
3545:
2939:"Sinn Fein adopt 'Team Ireland' approach in Europe"
457:was elected president in 2019. He was succeeded by
306:
290:
274:
258:
244:
230:
219:
207:
191:
153:
143:
131:
114:
92:
77:
69:
34:
3028:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 46–65,
2596:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 46–65,
4800:Movement for a Europe of Liberties and Democracy
3463:https://www.bloco.org/media/20240622resolpol.pdf
3451:– Bericht vom 3. Tag des XXI. Parteitag der DKP.
2702:"EL elects new President and vice-chairpersons!"
2650:"European Left convenes third congress in Paris"
3095:
3093:
2168:Ended its observer status on 27 February 2016.
467:In 2024, the Danish member Red-Green Alliance (
1152:Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova
1066:Workers' Party of Hungary 2006 – European Left
4685:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
4463:
4330:
3537:The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL
3507:
2538:. Official European Left site. Archived from
647:The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL
396:The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL
8:
4879:International organisations based in Belgium
4720:Central-Eastern European Green Left Alliance
3373:. Party of the European Left. 8 January 2024
3061:
3059:
2996:"The EBU candidates debate – as it happened"
2444:Initiative of Communist and Workers' Parties
565:In an interview with the political magazine
4818:Political groups of the European Parliament
4790:European Alliance for Freedom and Democracy
4770:Alliance of Independent Democrats in Europe
4495:European Conservatives and Reformists Party
4427:Political groups of the European Parliament
4374:European Conservatives and Reformists Party
4294:List of left and far-left parties in Europe
548:2009 Iranian presidential election protests
449:, and elected German lawyer and politician
4470:
4456:
4448:
4337:
4323:
4315:
3549:
3514:
3500:
3492:
3438:— Official statement on the party website.
1722:
1425:
656:
321:
61:
31:
4813:National parties by European organisation
3020:Hudson, Kate (2012), Hudson, Kate (ed.),
530:approach towards the European Union, and
3392:Chryssogelos, Angelos-Stylianos (2015).
3290:Puig Meneses, Yaima (16 February 2022).
2303:
1982:
4823:Political foundations at European level
4765:Alliance of European National Movements
4750:Alliance for Direct Democracy in Europe
3147:Routledge handbook of European politics
2516:
2475:
2300:Representation in European institutions
2145:Member until 2018, observer until 2024
1984:
431:Athens Declaration of the European Left
4695:Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group
3338:"Documents European Left 7th Congress"
3179:
2439:European United Left–Nordic Green Left
2098:Delisted from the EL website in 2024.
1564:Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia
394:from member parties of the PEL sit in
4864:Political parties established in 2004
4833:European Council composition by party
4505:European Christian Political Movement
4369:European Christian Political Movement
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
1862:
1778:
1739:
1667:
1598:
1549:
968:
883:
7:
4478:Pan-European political organisations
4284:Elections to the European Parliament
1692:(Congress of Deputies; Basque seats)
716:Belarusian Left Party "A Just World"
4775:Coalition pour la vie et la famille
4730:Liberal South East European Network
3109:The Populist Radical Left in Europe
2962:"European left backs asylum rights"
2848:Morea, Roberto (24 December 2022).
2482:The abbreviation "EL" is also used.
1890:Yes Solidarity for Hungary Movement
1492:Progressive Party of Working People
546:, and criticised the oppression of
374:that operates as an association of
4755:Alliance for Europe of the Nations
2567:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 46.
2187:Renewing Communist Ecological Left
649:group in the European Parliament.
388:2004 European Parliament elections
25:
4741:Former European political parties
4598:Europe of Sovereign Nations Party
4568:Democracy in Europe Movement 2025
3311:Baltner, Adam (21 January 2023).
2910:Neivelt, Jonas (27 August 2024).
4828:European parliamentary elections
4349:
4122:
4110:
4098:
4086:
4074:
4062:
4050:
4038:
4026:
4001:
3989:
3977:
3960:
3948:
3925:
3913:
3896:
3884:
3872:
3860:
3848:
3825:
3813:
3801:
3779:
3767:
3755:
3743:
3726:
3714:
3702:
3690:
3678:
3666:
3649:
3632:
3620:
3608:
3596:
3584:
3572:
3560:
3100:Toplišek, Alen (14 March 2019).
3078:from the original on 8 June 2017
3022:"The Party of the European Left"
2590:"The Party of the European Left"
2405:
2319:
2276:
2253:
2220:
2197:
2174:
2151:
2104:
2081:
2058:
2031:
1998:
1969:Socialists for the Independence
1942:
1929:
1903:
1864:
1840:
1780:
1741:
1669:
1643:
1600:
1551:
1513:
1477:
1444:
1393:
1365:
1337:
1311:
1231:
1197:
1171:
1139:
1105:
1079:
1053:
1019:
970:
885:
859:
833:
807:
781:
755:
743:Communists of Wallonia-Brussels
731:
703:
677:
3401:European Foreign Affairs Review
3072:Parties and Elections in Europe
1711:(Senate of Spain; Basque seats)
46:Partido de la Izquierda Europea
4889:Democratic socialism in Europe
4869:Pan-European political parties
4780:Europeans United for Democracy
4760:Alliance for Peace and Freedom
4558:Alliance for Peace and Freedom
4422:European political foundations
2960:Connoly, Raul (1 April 2015).
44:Partito della Sinistra Europea
40:Partei der Europäischen Linken
1:
4894:2004 establishments in Europe
4785:European Alliance for Freedom
4725:European Anti-Capitalist Left
4550:Other political organisations
2994:Keating, Dave (15 May 2014).
2434:European Anti-Capitalist Left
2382:(Participation in Government)
2378:Council of the European Union
2044:Party of Democratic Socialism
1877:Táncsics – Radical Left Party
934:Republican and Socialist Left
573:criticised the European Union
407:European Anti-Capitalist Left
42:Parti de la Gauche Européenne
4530:Party of European Socialists
4404:Party of European Socialists
3449:ELP-Beobachterstatus beendet
3347:. Party of the European Left
3253:Martinelli, Alberto (2020).
2937:Cahill, Ann (24 July 2014).
2829:(in French). 3 February 2020
2754:"5th Congress – Berlin 2016"
2191:Merged into Syriza in 2013.
2121:Left the EL on 1 July 2018.
1092:Communist Refoundation Party
556:United States military bases
495:PEL has been described as a
54:Il-Partit Ewropew tax-Xellug
48:Partido da Esquerda Europeia
4884:Socialist parties in Europe
4700:Unified European Left Group
4652:The Social Democratic Group
3533:European Parliament group:
3066:Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019).
2464:Unified European Left Group
2233:Party of Italian Communists
1656:Communist Party of Slovakia
1324:United and Alternative Left
4915:
4874:European political parties
4859:Party of the European Left
4647:Nordic Green Left Alliance
4573:Europe–Democracy–Esperanto
4535:Party of the European Left
4486:European political parties
4399:Party of the European Left
4346:European political parties
3524:Party of the European Left
2890:Party of the European Left
2758:Party of the European Left
2454:Nordic Green Left Alliance
2021:Communist Party of Belgium
872:Communist Party of Finland
846:Estonian United Left Party
690:Communist Party of Austria
479:and socially conservative
453:as the new PEL President.
356:Party of the European Left
334:Politics of European Union
50:Κόμμα Ευρωπαϊκής Αριστεράς
37:Party of the European Left
4808:
4583:European Federalist Party
4578:European Communist Action
4510:European Democratic Party
4417:
4379:European Democratic Party
4359:
4302:
3531:
2827:www.transform-network.net
2317:
2218:
2102:
1996:
1961:
1940:
1927:
1901:
1838:
1828:République et Socialisme
1806:
1791:
1725:
1695:
1680:
1641:
1623:
1611:
1577:
1562:
1532:
1511:
1475:
1442:
1428:
1391:
1363:
1335:
1280:
1259:
1244:
1242:
1229:
1195:
1169:
1137:
1103:
1077:
1051:
1017:
996:
981:
947:
932:
911:
896:
857:
831:
805:
779:
753:
729:
701:
675:
659:
382:political parties in the
329:
311:
209:European Parliament group
60:
4008:Democratic Left Scotland
3972:République et socialisme
2823:"European Left Congress"
2396:Committee of the Regions
2210:Hungarian Workers' Party
1955:Democratic Left Scotland
1282:Communist Party of Spain
1184:Romanian Socialist Party
372:European political party
27:European political party
4525:European People's Party
4394:European People's Party
4251:Other prominent figures
4212:Luigi Alberto Colajanni
3117:10.4324/9781315180823-4
3034:10.1057/9781137265111_3
2602:10.1057/9781137265111_3
536:foreign interventionism
193:Political position
4515:European Free Alliance
4384:European Free Alliance
3186:: CS1 maint: others (
2418:Parliamentary Assembly
2164:German Communist Party
2133:French Communist Party
1534:De facto not in the EU
1292:(Congress of Deputies)
1256:(Congress of Deputies)
898:French Communist Party
532:opposes militarization
96:8–9 May 2004
4593:European Pirate Party
4432:European Union Portal
3210:Hudson, Kate (2012).
3158:. 2015. p. 600.
3152:Abingdon, Oxfordshire
2594:The New European Left
2588:Hudson, Kate (2012),
2561:Hudson, Kate (2012).
2364:(Heads of Government)
2075:Left the EL in 2024.
1574:(Chamber of Deputies)
1350:Swiss Party of Labour
575:, stating that it is
517:opposed to capitalism
4710:Other confederations
4603:Free Palestine Party
4520:European Green Party
4389:European Green Party
3413:10.54648/EERR2015017
505:democratic socialism
376:democratic socialist
163:Democratic socialism
4899:Eurosceptic parties
4712:of national parties
4279:European Parliament
4173:European Parliament
2811:. 15 December 2019.
2708:on 13 December 2010
2636:1 July 2007 at the
2346:European Commission
2332:European Parliament
2293:Quit 22 June 2024.
2141:La France Insoumise
1852:Marxistische Linke
1803:(National Assembly)
1541:United Cyprus Party
944:(National Assembly)
908:(National Assembly)
617:European Parliament
429:, and produced the
400:European Parliament
261:European Commission
232:European Parliament
183:Soft Euroscepticism
118:Square de Meeûs 25,
4662:Conservative Group
4563:Animal Politics EU
3222:Palgrave Macmillan
3150:. José M. Magone.
2854:Cross-border Talks
2760:. 16 December 2016
2071:Red–Green Alliance
544:War in Afghanistan
538:. PEL opposed the
461:in December 2022.
173:Left-wing populism
52:Avrupa Sol Partisi
4846:
4845:
4445:
4444:
4312:
4311:
4242:Martin Schirdewan
4197:René-Émile Piquet
4149:Fausto Bertinotti
4137:
4136:
3371:European-left.org
3345:European-Left.org
3231:978-1-137-26511-1
3165:978-1-317-62836-1
3043:978-1-137-26511-1
2966:Green Left Weekly
2611:978-1-349-32054-7
2574:978-1-137-26511-1
2542:on 2 October 2009
2425:
2424:
2413:Council of Europe
2383:
2365:
2297:
2296:
2214:Quit 1 May 2009.
1976:
1975:
1823:
1804:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1693:
1594:
1575:
1419:
1418:
1305:
1304:(Senate of Spain)
1293:
1276:
1275:(Senate of Spain)
1257:
1013:
994:
964:
945:
928:
909:
633:Martin Schirdewan
590:Fausto Bertinotti
352:
351:
339:Political parties
110:20 years ago
16:(Redirected from
4906:
4676:political groups
4472:
4465:
4458:
4449:
4354:
4353:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4316:
4306:Transform Europe
4304:Eurofoundation:
4182:Giorgio Amendola
4175:Group presidents
4142:Party presidents
4127:
4126:
4115:
4114:
4103:
4102:
4091:
4090:
4079:
4078:
4067:
4066:
4055:
4054:
4043:
4042:
4031:
4030:
4019:
4006:
4005:
3994:
3993:
3982:
3981:
3965:
3964:
3953:
3952:
3930:
3929:
3918:
3917:
3901:
3900:
3889:
3888:
3877:
3876:
3865:
3864:
3853:
3852:
3841:Observer parties
3830:
3829:
3818:
3817:
3806:
3805:
3784:
3783:
3772:
3771:
3760:
3759:
3748:
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3731:
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3719:
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3707:
3706:
3695:
3694:
3683:
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3671:
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3654:
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3637:
3636:
3625:
3624:
3613:
3612:
3601:
3600:
3589:
3588:
3579:Spravedlivyj Mir
3577:
3576:
3565:
3564:
3550:
3538:
3525:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3493:
3483:
3482:
3480:Official website
3465:
3460:
3454:
3445:
3439:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3398:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
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3357:
3356:
3354:
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3342:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3267:Brill Publishers
3255:European society
3250:
3244:
3243:
3207:
3192:
3191:
3185:
3177:
3142:
3129:
3128:
3106:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3068:"European Union"
3063:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2941:. Irish Examiner
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2882:
2876:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2734:on 14 April 2013
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2652:. Archived from
2646:
2640:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2558:
2552:
2551:
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2526:
2521:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2389:
2381:
2371:
2363:
2360:European Council
2353:
2339:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2313:Number of seats
2304:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2266:Young Socialists
2259:
2257:
2256:
2243:The Other Europe
2226:
2224:
2223:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2131:Merged with the
2110:
2108:
2107:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1983:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1821:
1819:
1810:
1802:
1800:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1723:
1710:
1708:
1699:
1691:
1689:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1636:
1627:
1620:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1592:
1590:
1581:
1573:
1571:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1526:New Cyprus Party
1519:
1517:
1516:
1506:
1499:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1465:
1457:Mouvement Demain
1450:
1448:
1447:
1426:
1422:Observer members
1399:
1397:
1396:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1303:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1274:
1272:
1263:
1255:
1253:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1224:
1217:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1159:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1132:
1125:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1046:
1039:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1011:
1009:
1000:
992:
990:
976:
974:
973:
962:
960:
951:
943:
941:
926:
924:
915:
907:
905:
891:
889:
888:
865:
863:
862:
839:
837:
836:
813:
811:
810:
787:
785:
784:
761:
759:
758:
737:
735:
734:
709:
707:
706:
683:
681:
680:
657:
528:soft Eurosceptic
325:
320:
317:
315:
301:
285:
269:
263:
253:
246:European Council
239:
225:
138:Transform Europe
107:
105:
101:
65:
32:
21:
4914:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4838:Politics portal
4804:
4743:
4734:
4713:
4711:
4704:
4678:
4666:
4630:
4617:
4608:Now the People!
4551:
4544:
4488:
4479:
4476:
4446:
4441:
4437:Politics Portal
4413:
4355:
4348:
4343:
4313:
4308:
4298:
4267:
4246:
4207:Joaquim Miranda
4202:Alekos Alavanos
4192:Gianni Cervetti
4174:
4168:
4133:
4121:
4109:
4097:
4085:
4073:
4061:
4049:
4037:
4025:
4017:
4012:
4000:
3988:
3976:
3959:
3947:
3941:Partner parties
3936:
3924:
3912:
3895:
3883:
3871:
3859:
3847:
3836:
3824:
3812:
3808:PdA/PST-POP/PSL
3800:
3778:
3766:
3754:
3742:
3725:
3713:
3701:
3689:
3677:
3665:
3648:
3631:
3619:
3607:
3595:
3583:
3571:
3559:
3541:
3536:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3487:Italian website
3478:
3477:
3474:
3469:
3468:
3461:
3457:
3446:
3442:
3432:
3428:
3396:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3277:
3269:. p. 236.
3252:
3251:
3247:
3232:
3209:
3208:
3195:
3178:
3166:
3144:
3143:
3132:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3065:
3064:
3057:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2976:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2921:
2919:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2832:
2830:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2788:
2786:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2682:on 13 June 2011
2674:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2656:on 13 June 2011
2648:
2647:
2643:
2638:Wayback Machine
2629:
2625:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2560:
2559:
2555:
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2534:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2430:
2406:
2404:
2390:
2387:
2380:
2372:
2369:
2362:
2354:
2351:
2340:
2337:
2320:
2318:
2302:
2277:
2275:
2254:
2252:
2221:
2219:
2198:
2196:
2175:
2173:
2152:
2150:
2105:
2103:
2082:
2080:
2059:
2057:
2032:
2030:
2011:Communist Party
1999:
1997:
1981:
1943:
1941:
1930:
1928:
1904:
1902:
1865:
1863:
1841:
1839:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1801:
1798:
1781:
1779:
1742:
1740:
1721:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1670:
1668:
1644:
1642:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1601:
1599:
1591:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1572:
1569:
1552:
1550:
1521:Northern Cyprus
1514:
1512:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1478:
1476:
1459:
1445:
1443:
1424:
1394:
1392:
1366:
1364:
1338:
1336:
1312:
1310:
1302:
1299:
1290:
1287:
1273:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1232:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1198:
1196:
1172:
1170:
1160:
1157:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1106:
1104:
1080:
1078:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1020:
1018:
1010:
1007:
1001:
998:
991:
988:
971:
969:
961:
958:
952:
949:
942:
939:
925:
922:
916:
913:
906:
903:
886:
884:
860:
858:
834:
832:
808:
806:
782:
780:
756:
754:
732:
730:
704:
702:
678:
676:
655:
642:
585:
552:opposed to NATO
493:
419:
348:
312:
302:
299:
293:
286:
283:
277:
270:
267:
259:
254:
251:
240:
237:
223:
187:
178:Anti-capitalism
119:
109:
103:
99:
97:
56:
55:
53:
51:
49:
47:
45:
43:
41:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4912:
4910:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4851:
4850:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4746:
4744:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4716:
4714:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4681:
4679:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4649:
4644:
4642:Nordic Freedom
4639:
4633:
4631:
4628:Nordic Council
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4491:
4489:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4452:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4319:
4310:
4309:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4258:Gesine Lötzsch
4254:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4178:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4159:Pierre Laurent
4156:
4151:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4119:
4107:
4095:
4083:
4071:
4059:
4047:
4035:
4022:
4020:
4018:Former members
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
3998:
3986:
3974:
3969:
3957:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3922:
3910:
3905:
3893:
3881:
3869:
3857:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3822:
3810:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3776:
3764:
3752:
3740:
3735:
3723:
3711:
3699:
3687:
3675:
3663:
3658:
3646:
3641:
3629:
3617:
3605:
3593:
3581:
3569:
3556:
3554:
3553:Member parties
3547:
3543:
3542:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3473:
3472:External links
3470:
3467:
3466:
3455:
3440:
3426:
3384:
3358:
3329:
3303:
3282:
3275:
3245:
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3193:
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3130:
3089:
3055:
3042:
3012:
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2796:
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2719:
2693:
2667:
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2610:
2580:
2573:
2553:
2527:
2515:
2514:
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2509:
2506:
2505:
2493:
2484:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2459:Now the People
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2401:
2400:
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2368:
2366:
2356:
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2334:
2329:
2327:European Union
2315:
2314:
2311:
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2301:
2298:
2295:
2294:
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2286:
2272:
2271:
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2215:
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2207:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2184:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2135:in Fall 2015.
2129:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2114:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2039:Czech Republic
2027:
2026:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2008:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1980:
1979:Former members
1977:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1939:
1937:United Kingdom
1925:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1899:
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1756:
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1737:
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1735:European MEPs
1733:
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1727:
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1717:
1714:
1713:
1705:
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1559:Czech Republic
1547:
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1528:
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1501:
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1440:
1439:
1438:European MEPs
1436:
1433:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1408:
1403:
1401:United Kingdom
1389:
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869:
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851:
848:
843:
829:
828:
825:
822:
817:
815:Czech Republic
803:
802:
799:
796:
794:Workers' Front
791:
777:
776:
773:
770:
768:Bulgarian Left
765:
751:
750:
747:
744:
741:
727:
726:
721:
718:
713:
699:
698:
695:
692:
687:
673:
672:
667:
664:
661:
654:
651:
641:
638:
637:
636:
635:(2019–present)
615:Leader in the
613:
612:(2022–present)
606:Heinz Bierbaum
598:Pierre Laurent
584:
581:
558:. It supports
492:
489:
485:Now the People
455:Heinz Bierbaum
418:
415:
384:European Union
350:
349:
347:
346:
341:
336:
330:
327:
326:
316:.european-left
309:
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4230:
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4225:
4223:
4222:Francis Wurtz
4220:
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4217:Alonso Puerta
4215:
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4208:
4205:
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3736:
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3729:
3724:
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3712:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3698:
3697:European Left
3693:
3688:
3686:
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3674:
3669:
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3659:
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3422:
3418:
3414:
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3406:
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3395:
3388:
3385:
3372:
3368:
3367:"Our Parties"
3362:
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3333:
3330:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3293:
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3276:9789004351776
3272:
3268:
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3215:
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3206:
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3198:
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3171:
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3149:
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3141:
3139:
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3131:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3111:. p. 9.
3110:
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2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2094:Left Alliance
2092:
2090:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:Not in the EU
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1938:
1926:
1923:
1922:Not in the EU
1920:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
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1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1738:
1734:
1732:National MPs
1731:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1704:
1703:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1657:
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1490:
1488:
1486:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1441:
1437:
1435:National MPs
1434:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1414:Not in the EU
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1390:
1387:
1386:Not in the EU
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1362:
1359:
1358:Not in the EU
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1309:
1308:
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1267:
1249:
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1228:
1220:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1168:
1165:
1164:Not in the EU
1162:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1136:
1128:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1050:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1016:
1005:
1004:
986:
984:
979:
967:
956:
955:
937:
935:
931:
920:
919:
901:
899:
894:
882:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
856:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
830:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
804:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
778:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
752:
748:
745:
742:
740:
728:
725:
724:Not in the EU
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
700:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
674:
671:
668:
666:National MPs
665:
662:
658:
652:
650:
648:
639:
634:
631:(2012–2019),
630:
627:(2009–2012),
626:
623:(2004–2009),
622:
621:Francis Wurtz
618:
614:
611:
608:(2019–2022),
607:
604:(2016–2019),
603:
600:(2010–2016),
599:
596:(2007–2010),
595:
592:(2004–2007),
591:
587:
586:
582:
580:
578:
574:
570:
569:
563:
561:
557:
553:
550:. It is also
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
521:progressivism
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
490:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
416:
414:
412:
408:
403:
401:
398:group in the
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:European Left
361:
357:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
328:
324:
319:
310:
305:
297:
295:
289:
281:
279:
273:
265:
262:
257:
249:
247:
243:
235:
233:
229:
222:
218:
215:
212:
210:
206:
203:
199:
196:
194:
190:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
160:
158:
156:
152:
148:
146:
142:
139:
136:
134:
130:
127:
123:
117:
113:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
33:
30:
19:
18:European Left
4637:Centre Group
4624:Party groups
4534:
4398:
4305:
4227:Lothar Bisky
4154:Lothar Bisky
4057:Enhedslisten
3984:Marxist Left
3534:
3522:
3458:
3448:
3443:
3434:
3429:
3404:
3400:
3387:
3375:. Retrieved
3370:
3361:
3349:. Retrieved
3344:
3332:
3320:. Retrieved
3316:
3306:
3295:
3285:
3254:
3248:
3212:
3146:
3108:
3080:. Retrieved
3071:
3047:, retrieved
3025:
3015:
3003:. Retrieved
2999:
2989:
2977:. Retrieved
2968:(1050): 17.
2965:
2955:
2943:. Retrieved
2932:
2920:. Retrieved
2915:
2905:
2893:. Retrieved
2889:
2880:
2869:
2857:. Retrieved
2853:
2843:
2831:. Retrieved
2826:
2817:
2809:Morning Star
2808:
2799:
2787:. Retrieved
2783:
2774:
2762:. Retrieved
2757:
2748:
2736:. Retrieved
2732:the original
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2706:the original
2696:
2684:. Retrieved
2680:the original
2670:
2658:. Retrieved
2654:the original
2644:
2626:
2615:, retrieved
2593:
2583:
2563:
2556:
2544:. Retrieved
2540:the original
2530:
2519:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2307:Organisation
2127:Unitary Left
2048:Merged into
1962:
1921:
1915:Solidarnost
1613:Italian Left
1533:
1413:
1385:
1357:
1342:
1163:
723:
653:Full members
643:
625:Lothar Bisky
610:Walter Baier
594:Lothar Bisky
566:
564:
525:
494:
466:
463:
459:Walter Baier
430:
420:
411:Walter Baier
404:
367:
363:
359:
355:
353:
294:Upper Houses
278:Lower Houses
145:Women's wing
115:Headquarters
82:Walter Baier
70:Abbreviation
29:
4795:Libertas.eu
4613:Volt Europa
4540:Patriots.eu
4409:Patriots.eu
4263:Klaus Ernst
4237:Manon Aubry
4232:Gabi Zimmer
4187:Guido Fanti
4164:Gregor Gysi
3218:Basingstoke
2918:(in Danish)
2916:Solidaritet
2764:25 December
2502:United Left
2310:Institution
1719:EL Partners
1460: [
1345:Switzerland
1246:United Left
1012:(Bundesrat)
993:(Bundestag)
629:Gabi Zimmer
602:Gregor Gysi
588:President:
526:It takes a
469:Enhedlisten
451:Gregor Gysi
284:344 / 6,312
4853:Categories
4081:Munkáspárt
3955:Der Wandel
3832:Left Unity
2738:19 January
2712:6 December
2686:13 October
2660:19 January
2511:References
2117:Left Party
1754:Der Wandel
1406:Left Unity
1378:Left Party
1113:Luxembourg
640:Membership
583:Leadership
577:neoliberal
300:27 / 1,498
133:Think tank
104:2004-05-09
100:2004-05-08
3967:Ensemble!
3867:AKEL/ΑΚΕΛ
3673:Die Linke
3421:153490875
3240:809796420
3182:cite book
3174:898475226
3156:Routledge
3125:159164068
3049:7 October
2974:1036-126X
2922:30 August
2886:"History"
2289:Left Bloc
2052:in 2020.
1793:Ensemble!
1319:Catalonia
513:communism
509:socialism
497:left-wing
477:Die Linke
380:communist
344:Elections
198:Left-wing
168:Communism
78:President
4272:See also
3996:Táncsics
3721:Déi Lénk
3407:(2): 8.
3322:29 April
3076:Archived
3005:29 April
3000:Politico
2979:29 April
2945:29 April
2895:29 April
2859:29 April
2833:29 April
2789:29 April
2634:Archived
2617:29 April
2428:See also
2284:Portugal
2050:The Left
1986:Country
1950:Scotland
1822:(Senate)
1726:Country
1651:Slovakia
1593:(Senate)
1429:Country
1210:The Left
1205:Slovenia
1118:The Left
1038:34 / 300
989:28 / 736
983:The Left
963:(Senate)
927:(Senate)
923:14 / 348
904:12 / 577
820:The Left
763:Bulgaria
660:Country
540:Iraq War
515:. It is
501:far-left
491:Ideology
370:), is a
292:European
276:European
226:Dark red
214:The Left
202:far-left
155:Ideology
122:Brussels
102: –
4626:in the
4069:SYN/ΣΥΝ
3546:Parties
3377:15 June
3351:6 March
3317:Jacobin
2338:6 / 720
2205:Hungary
2159:Germany
2089:Finland
2066:Denmark
2006:Belgium
1872:Hungary
1848:Germany
1818:0 / 348
1799:5 / 577
1749:Austria
1635:3 / 200
1619:4 / 400
1570:0 / 200
1498:15 / 56
1452:Belgium
1300:0 / 266
1288:7 / 350
1271:0 / 266
1252:5 / 350
1179:Romania
1158:8 / 101
1147:Moldova
1061:Hungary
978:Germany
959:1 / 348
940:0 / 577
867:Finland
841:Estonia
789:Croatia
739:Belgium
711:Belarus
685:Austria
568:Jacobin
417:History
307:Website
238:6 / 720
220:Colours
126:Belgium
98: (
93:Founded
3774:Levica
3685:Syriza
3615:Levice
3419:
3297:Granma
3273:
3263:Boston
3259:Leiden
3238:
3228:
3172:
3162:
3123:
3082:30 May
3040:
2972:
2784:dw.com
2608:
2571:
2546:1 July
2410:
2388:2 / 27
2370:0 / 27
2352:0 / 27
2324:
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2261:Poland
2258:
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2202:
2182:Greece
2179:
2156:
2112:France
2109:
2086:
2063:
2036:
2003:
1992:Notes
1989:Party
1947:
1934:
1911:Serbia
1908:
1869:
1845:
1809:0 / 81
1788:France
1785:
1746:
1729:Party
1707:1 / 20
1698:1 / 61
1688:1 / 23
1674:
1648:
1626:2 / 76
1605:
1589:0 / 81
1580:1 / 21
1556:
1518:
1485:Cyprus
1482:
1449:
1432:Party
1398:
1373:Turkey
1370:
1316:
1262:0 / 61
1236:
1216:5 / 90
1202:
1176:
1144:
1124:2 / 60
1110:
1084:
1058:
1045:4 / 21
1032:Syriza
1027:Greece
1024:
1008:4 / 69
999:2 / 96
975:
950:0 / 81
914:0 / 81
893:France
890:
864:
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812:
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511:, and
499:and a
447:Berlin
443:Madrid
435:Prague
427:Athens
362:), or
268:0 / 27
252:0 / 27
224:
149:EL-Fem
4656:SAMAK
3932:Sortu
3591:BL/БЛ
3417:S2CID
3397:(PDF)
3341:(PDF)
3121:S2CID
3105:(PDF)
2470:Notes
2228:Italy
1682:Sortu
1677:Spain
1608:Italy
1505:1 / 6
1464:]
1239:Spain
1223:0 / 9
1131:0 / 6
1087:Italy
439:Paris
120:1000
4673:PACE
4129:B.E.
3879:KSČM
3796:EUiA
3733:PCRM
3644:Vas.
3379:2024
3353:2023
3324:2023
3271:ISBN
3261:and
3236:OCLC
3226:ISBN
3188:link
3170:OCLC
3160:ISBN
3084:2019
3051:2023
3038:ISBN
3007:2023
2981:2023
2970:ISSN
2947:2023
2924:2024
2897:2023
2861:2023
2835:2023
2791:2023
2766:2019
2740:2013
2714:2010
2688:2010
2662:2010
2619:2023
2606:ISBN
2569:ISBN
2548:2009
1767:Left
670:MEPs
560:Cuba
554:and
542:and
534:and
423:Rome
392:MEPs
378:and
354:The
318:.org
4093:RCS
4045:PCB
3920:KSS
3908:BKP
3903:YKP
3820:SOL
3791:PCE
3750:PSR
3738:PCP
3709:PRC
3661:GRS
3656:PCF
3639:SKP
3627:EÜV
3567:KPÖ
3409:doi
3113:doi
3030:doi
2598:doi
487:.
481:BSW
360:PEL
314:www
200:to
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