Renewable energy in the European Union

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solar generating power to be added to the grid in 2022 and 2023 with further 330MW to be added in 2024 and 2025. Croatia hopes to meet its 2030 renewable energy targets well ahead of schedule in 2025. with 109MW of Solar, 1400MW of Hydroelectric and 671MW Wind energy already commissioned, Croatia hopes to add further 1500MW of renewable energy to the power grid by or in 2025, increasing its Solar generation to 770MW, Hydroelectric to 1700MW and Wind to 1270MW. Croatia meets EU renewable energy targets, currently Croatia is in top 5 nations in the EU in terms of renewable energy target with renewable energy accounting for majority of energy power generation in Croatia. By 2023 Croatia hopes to install further 1500MW of Solar and Wind capacity increasing renewable energy share in Croatia energy mix to over 80% of energy produced in Croatia through renewable energy sources, reaching its 2050 renewable energy strategy 20 years ahead of schedule.

341:. No specific goals were set for the energy sector, which disappointed many countries. While the EU had proposed an annual increase in the use of renewable energy at a rate of 1.5% worldwide until 2010, Johannesburg's action plan did not recommend such a "substantial" increase, with no concrete goals nor dates being set. The EU was unwilling to accept this result and with other nations formed a group of "pioneer countries" that promised to establish ambitious national or even regional goals to achieve global targets. The Johannesburg Renewable Energy Coalition (JREC) has a total of more than 80 member countries; the EU members, Brazil, South Africa and New Zealand amongst them. 626: 370:

the sectoral targets, the technology mix they expect to use, the trajectory they will follow and the measures and reforms they will undertake to overcome the barriers to developing renewable energy. The plans are published by the EC upon receipt in the original language, allowing public scrutiny. The commission will evaluate them, assessing their completeness and credibility. In parallel, the plans will be translated into English. In addition, the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands was contracted by the European Environment Agency to create an external database and quantitative report of the reports received so far.

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the 3SI countries have the capacity to deploy 200 GW of solar, 60 GW of onshore wind, and 23 GW of offshore wind by 2030, potentially raising the renewable energy share in electricity generation to 67%. Nonetheless, the report acknowledges challenges, including inadequate progress in offshore wind targets and a lack of policy support in specific regions. The report recommends measures such as prioritizing funding, implementing risk mitigation strategies, and enhancing cross-border infrastructure to maximize the CEE region's renewable energy potential.

623: 1271: 1105: 1148: 101: 30: 2031: 1869: 3604: 1386: 3760: 2915: 961:

reflect an equal level of ambition as the targets fixed for EU Member States. The targets for the share of renewable energy in Contracting Parties in 2020 are the following: Albania 38%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 40%, Kosovo* 25%, North Macedonia 28%, Moldova 17%, Montenegro 33%, Serbia 27% and Ukraine 11%. The deadline for transposing the Directive 2009/28/EC and the adoption of the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) was set for 1 January 2014.

2593: 627: 3370: 3916: 998:. In many member States, wood was the single most important source of renewable energy, such as in Latvia (29%), Finland (24%), Sweden (20%), Lithuania (17%) and Denmark (15%). The European Union has established sustainability criteria for biomass to be counted towards renewable energy targets. The EU subsidises wood energy to incentivise its use over oil and natural gas, and consumes more wood pellets than any other world region. 174:. The directive sets targets for each individual member state taking into account the different starting points and potentials. Targets for renewable energy use by 2020 among different member states varied from 10% to 49%. 26 EU member states met their national 2020 targets. The sole exception was France, which had aimed for 23% but only reached 19.1%. By 2022, Austria, Ireland, and Slovenia had dropped below their 2020 targets. 1183: 1044: 2515: 7096: 2474: 3721: 4321: 619: 2796: 2757: 2675: 1910: 3682: 7106: 3113: 2956: 2716: 2355: 2316: 2152: 2113: 2072: 1951: 1828: 3838: 3799: 3527: 3449: 4189: 4111: 4072: 3994: 3955: 3877: 3292: 2435: 2275: 1990: 4335: 256: 186: 4228: 4033: 3643: 2554: 2234: 4150: 1505: 3213: 2876: 2634: 2193: 3565: 3409: 3253: 2835: 2394: 3488: 3331: 495: 154:

renewables accounted for 37.5% of gross energy consumption, led by wind (36%) and hydro-power (33%), followed by solar (14%), solid biofuels (8%) and other renewable sources (8%). In transport, the share of renewable energy used reached 10.2%. Renewable electricity generation reached 50% of total EU electricity in the first half of 2024.

374:

The key parts of the European renewable energy targets agreement set in 2014 are as proposed by a Shell lobbyist in October 2011. Shell is the sixth biggest lobbyist in Brussels, spending between €4.25-4.5m a year lobbying the EU institutions. Agreement has no binding targets for member states on energy efficiency or renewable energy.

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consumption of 2,645 TWh in 2018, onshore wind contributed 309 TWh (12%) and offshore wind contributed 53 TWh (2%), bringing the total contribution of wind energy to 362 TWh (14%). The energy comes from a total onshore wind capacity of 160 GW and a total offshore wind capacity of 18.5 GW, with an average capacity factor of 24%.

628: 624: 142:'s 2023 revision of the Renewable Energy Directive, which raises the EU's binding renewable energy target for 2030 to at least 42.5%, up from the previous target of 32%. Effective since November 20, 2023, across all EU countries, this directive aligns with broader climate objectives, including reducing 894:

Spain as a whole has the target of generating 30% of its electricity needs from renewable energy sources by 2010, with half of that amount coming from wind power. In 2006, 20% of the total electricity demand was already produced with renewable energy sources, and in January 2009 the total electricity

768:

Lithuania has many yet undeveloped renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, geothermal energy, municipal waste, and biomass. The amount of biomass per capita in Lithuania is one of the highest in the European Union and it is estimated that in 2020 Lithuania will be the first in the EU according

716:

electricity from renewable sources accounted for about 33.9%. Compared to the previous year, biomass, solar and wind changed their production by +4.8%, -3.1% and -1.7%, respectively, while weather permitting hydro power decreased by 10.3%. Wind and solar combined generated more energy than nuclear in

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emissions by 45% by 2030 and phase out coal by 2033. However, the shift to a low-carbon economy will need significant expenditures in new energy infrastructure and additional renewable energy resources. Croatia established a 2030 National Energy and Climate Plan to attain its aim. The national policy

373:

In 2014, negotiations about EU energy and climate targets until 2030 were initiated. Whilst seven Central and Eastern European member states had already met their 2020 targets by 2016 (amongst the eleven EU wide), a small number of others are likely to attempt to slow down the transformation process.

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by 30 June 2010. These plans, to be prepared in accordance with the template published by the commission, provide detailed roadmaps of how each Member State expects to reach its legally binding 2020 target for the share of renewable energy in their final energy consumption. Member States must set out

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is a project bringing together many partners from industry, government, academic and consulting organisations. It is intended that 47 hydrogen powered buses will operate in regular public transport service in 10 cities on three continents. Many of the HyFLEET:CUTE project partners have been involved

405:

By 2023, greentech was one of the few sectors in the EU where venture capital investments matched those in the United States, highlighting the impact of the EU's ambitious climate goals and government subsidies. This targeted investment has helped narrow the gap between the US and EU in sectors such

401:

have made them the most cost-effective sources of electricity in the region. The updated National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) demonstrate heightened ambition, with some countries having already achieved their 2030 renewable electricity targets. The analysis presented in the report suggests that

344:

In the European Conference for Renewable Energy in Berlin in 2004, the EU defined ambitious goals of its own. The conclusion was that by 2020, the EU would seek to obtain 20% of its total energy consumption requirements with renewable energy sources. Up until that point, the EU had only set targets

1752:

in the European Union. Including non-EU countries, a total of 81.5 GW had been installed. Although Europe has lost its leadership in solar deployment, the continent still accounts for about 59 percent of global installed photovoltaics. Solar PV covered 3 percent of the electricity demand and 6

1016:

Biofuels offer an alternative plant-based solution to rising problems regarding geological fuel sources. Chemically, biofuels are alcohols produced by fermenting raw materials from starch and sugars. While complete substitution is not yet common in Europe, countries like Germany have been using E10

788:

instrument – the E4 Programme (Energy Efficiency and Endogenous Energies), consisting of a set of multiple, diversified measures aimed at promoting a consistent, integrated approach to energy supply and demand. By promoting energy efficiency and the use of endogenous (renewable) energy sources, the

524:

in 1895, some 127 years ago, ever since Croatian energy strategy was based on Hydroelectric power generation, which today accounts for more than half of Croatia's power generation. Other sources of renewable energy in Croatia are Solar with 109MW of installed power in use and with further 350MW of

1407:

The first commercial application of a new form of CSP called STEM will take place in Sicily . This has generated considerable academic and commercial interest internationally for off-grid applications to produce 24 hour industrial scale power for mining sites and remote communities in Italy, other

993:

Biomass is material from plants or animals such as wheat stalks, yard waste, corn cobs, manure, wood or sewage. In 2017, solid biomass was the main type of bioenergy in the EU, accounting for 70% of bioenergy production. In 2016, bioenergy was the leading source of renewable energy in the European

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and the acceptance of binding targets Contracting Parties can participate in all cooperation mechanisms. This means in particular that statistical transfers of renewable energy for the purposes of target achievement will be possible independently from physical flow of electricity. In addition, the

157:

In 2022, Sweden led among EU nations, with nearly two-thirds (66.0%) of its gross final energy consumption derived from renewable sources, followed by Finland (47.9%), Latvia (43.3%), Denmark (41.6%), and Estonia (38.5%). Conversely, the EU members reporting the lowest renewable energy proportions

153:

The main source of renewable energy in 2019 was biomass (57.4% of gross energy consumption). In particular, wood is the leading source of renewable energy in Europe, far ahead of solar and wind. In 2020, renewables provided 23.1% of gross energy consumption in heating and cooling. In electricity,

1247:

In 2018 wind energy generated enough electricity to meet 14% of the EU's electricity demand. Denmark had the highest share of wind (41%) in Europe, followed by Ireland (28%) and Portugal (24%). Germany, Spain and the UK follow with 21%, 19% and 18% respectively. Out of the EU's total electricity

960:

Also the Contracting Parties of the Energy Community, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo*, North Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia and Ukraine implement the Directive 2009/28/EC since September 2012. The shares for the Contracting Parties were calculated based on the EU methodology and

783:

In 2010, more than 50% of all yearly electricity consumption in Portugal was generated from renewable energy sources. The most important generation sources were hydroelectric (30%) and wind power (18%), with bioenergy (5%) and photovoltaic solar power (0.5%) accounting for the rest. In 2001, the

536:

Korlat is home to Croatia's largest wind farm, which consists of 18 wind turbines with a total installed capacity of 3.6 megawatts. The power station generates around 170 gigatonnes of electricity each year. That equates to around 1% of Croatia's yearly electricity use and energy for over 50 000

357:

set binding targets for all EU Member States, such that the EU will reach a 20% share of energy from renewable sources by 2020 and a 10% share of renewable energy specifically in the transport sector. By 2014, the EU realized a 16% share of energy from renewable sources with nine member states

1001:

Wood pellets are sourced from grinded trees extracted from forests in Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, the Baltic states and the southeastern United States. Some of the forests belong to natural protected areas such as the ones located in northern Romania. Although in Europe wood is considered a

414:

Underlying many of the EU's energy policy proposals is the goal to limit global temperature changes to no more than 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, of which 0.8 °C has already taken place and another 0.5–0.7 °C (for total warming of 1.3-1.5 °C) is already

377:

On 30 November 2016, the Commission presented a proposal for a revised Renewable Energy Directive to ensure that the target of at least 27% renewables in the final energy consumption in the EU by 2030 is met and to ensure that the EU is a global leader in renewable energy.

625: 1235:

confirms wind energy could power Europe many times over. The report highlights wind power's potential in 2020 as three times greater than Europe's expected electricity demand, rising to a factor of seven by 2030. An EWEA report overviewing 2009 data estimated that 230

622: 6062: 1567:, FCH JU, is a public private partnership supporting research, technological development and demonstration activities in fuel cell and hydrogen energy technologies in Europe. Its aim is to accelerate the market introduction of these technologies. The 1024:

Although this may seem like a slight increase in ethanol use, this progression reflects a more progressive Europe as improvements are being made based primarily upon environmentally conscious efforts, rather than geopolitical or economic pressures.

994:

Union, at 59.2% of gross energy consumption, most of which was used for heating and cooling (74.6%), followed by electricity generation (13.4%) and biofuels (12.0%). Biomass is burned both for heating and electrical generation, often in the form of

6607:

Joanna Krzeminska, Are Support Schemes for Renewable Energies Compatible with Competition Objectives? An Assessment of National and Community Rules, Yearbook of European Environmental Law (Oxford University Press), Volume VII, Nov. 2007,

969:

decision lays down a number of adaptations to the rules for statistical transfers and joint support schemes between the Contracting Parties and EU Member States to ensure the original objectives of the RES Directive are preserved.

165:

enacted in 2009 lays out a framework for individual member states to share the overall EU-wide 20% renewable energy target for 2020. Promoting the use of renewable energy sources is important both to the reduction of the EU's

1377:, The world production of photovoltaic modules surpassed 550 MW, of which more than the 50% was produced in the EU. Within 15 years even a small country in Europe might expect to exceed this amount in domestic installations. 1408:

parts of Europe, Australia, Asia, North Africa and Latin America. STEM uses fluidized silica sand as a thermal storage and heat transfer medium for CSP systems. It has been developed by Salerno-based Magaldi Industries.

1002:

zero-emissions fuel and a renewable energy, this has been considered controversial and scientists have urged policy-makers to stop treating wood as a green source of energy in order to reduce the cutting down of trees.

329:

of 1997 added the principle of sustainable development to the objectives of the EU. Since 1997, the EU has been working towards a renewable energy supply equivalent to 12% of the total EU's energy consumption by 2010.

708:

In 2014, Germany's share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption increased by 1.4% to 13.8%. In 2004, renewables accounted for only 5.8% or about the same share as for the Netherlands in 2014 (5.5%).

7361: 38: 5396: 6633: 789:

programme seeks to upgrade the competitiveness of the Portuguese economy and to modernize the country's social fabric, while simultaneously preserving the environment by reducing gas emissions, especially the CO

590:

In 2016, renewable electricity accounted for 19.6% of France's total domestic power consumption, of which 12.2% was provided by hydroelectricity, 4.3% by wind power, 1.7% by solar power and 1.4% by bio energy.

7328: 6317: 1360:

17.2 GW of PV capacity were connected to the grid in Europe, compared to 22.4 GW in 2011; Europe still accounted for the predominant share of the global PV market, with 55% of all new capacity in 2012.

629: 393:(3SI) participants. According to the report, renewable energy surpassed coal for the first time in 2023, accounting for 39% of electricity generation in Three Seas countries. The decreasing costs of 5517: 1240:(GW) of wind capacity will be installed in Europe by 2020, consisting of 190 GW onshore and 40 GW offshore. This would produce 14-17% of the EU's electricity, avoiding 333 million tonnes of CO 4389: 741:

In 2014, 38.2% of Italian electric energy consumption came from renewable sources (in 2005 this value was 15.4%), covering 16.2% of the total energy consumption of the country (5.3% in 2005).

5772: 533:

targets for a 36.4% renewable energy share by 2030, as well as major investment in the energy industry, including hydropower, wind farms, solar photovoltaic facilities, and hydrogen energy.

1694:, created by renewable energy usage. It is also claimed by German heavy industry spokesmen that this has forced their industries to close, move overseas, and resulted in the loss of German 431:, the UK's leading academic climate change research organisation, have argued that to be consistent with the science, 1 °C is a more accurate threshold for "dangerous" climate change. 5801: 6658: 6642: 4348: 6626: 6450: 965: 747:

production accounted for almost 9% of the total electric consumption in the country in 2014, making Italy the country with the highest contribution from solar energy in the world.

1483:'s minimum target is to produce solar heating equivalent to 5.600.000 tons of oil (by 2020). A more ambitious, but feasible, target is 73 million tons of oil per year (by 2020) 5279: 4647: 796:

In January 2014, 91% of the monthly needed Portuguese electricity consumption was generated by renewable sources, although the real figure stands at 78%, as 14% was exported.

7267: 6619: 5932: 4419: 1224:

was installed in 2011 alone, representing 21.4% of new power capacity. The EU wind industry has had an average annual growth of 15.6% over the last 17 years (1995-2011).

7178: 6287: 4814: 7183: 7173: 7142: 5744: 4409: 7382: 5151: 510: 427:, professor of energy and climate change in the School of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Civil Engineering at the University of Manchester and former director of the 146:

by at least 55% by 2030 and achieving climate neutrality by 2050. Additionally, the Energy 2020 strategy exceeded its goals, with the EU achieving a 22.1% share of

6328: 6106: 240: 5352: 4801: 4462: 6084: 5400: 7343: 6475: 6268: 4305:*Total includes vegetable oils in Germany: 7309 GWh (2006) and 2018 GWh (2005) and biogas in Sweden: 225 GWh (2006) and 160 GWh (2005), n.a. = not available 721:. Nuclear decreased production by 7.7%, while electricity generation from natural gas, brown and hard coal changed by +50.2%, -3.3% and -5.8%, respectively. 5988: 1213:

Research from a wide variety of sources in various European countries shows that support for wind power is consistently about 80% among the general public.

7307: 6856: 1474:(SRA), which includes a deployment roadmap showing the non-technological framework conditions that will enable this ambitious goal to be reached by 2050. 849:, covers an area of 250-hectare. The 46-megawatt solar power plant produces enough electricity for 30,000 homes and saves more than 89,400 tons a year in 406:

as energy storage, the circular economy, and agricultural technology, and can be attributed to the European Green Deal and other government regulations.

7356: 7287: 7193: 5566: 4942: 4576: 1480: 5327: 4725: 4713:

Moving Targets. Negotiations on the EU’s Energy and Climate Policy Objectives for the Post-2020 Period and Implications for the German Energy Transition

5450: 5514: 1675:

Employment in the renewable energy industry has however fallen every year since 2011, reaching 34,300 jobs in 2016, according to annual data from the

6437: 6383: 5581: 4815:

Modifying the 2°C Target. Climate Policy Objectives in the Contested Terrain of Scientific Policy Advice, Political Preferences, and Rising Emissions

4487: 5045: 1754: 224: 5779: 5134: 7238: 7188: 6138: 5422: 4906: 1452:, the EU's installed capacity would already be 91 GWth (130 million m today, far beyond the target of 100 million m by 2010, set by the 5809: 5474: 1279: 6538:

Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources

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with an installed capacity 11MW, covers an area of 60-hectare, produces enough energy for 8,000 homes and saves more than 30,000 tons a year in

725: 7351: 6967: 6816: 793:

responsible for climatic change. As a result, in the five years between 2005 and 2010, energy production from renewable sources increased 28%.

158:

included Ireland (13.1%), Malta (13.4%), Belgium (13.8%), and Luxembourg (14.4%), with 17 out of the 27 falling below the EU average of 23.0%.

5911: 7338: 7014: 6354: 5661: 1676: 366: 7323: 7302: 7135: 7099: 7040: 7035: 5534: 5312: 846: 761:

In 2016 Renewable energy in Lithuania constituted 28% of the country's overall electricity generation. The majority of renewable energy in

520:

One of the earliest Hydro-electric projects in the world and Europe's first Hydro electric power plant was built in Croatia near town of

7277: 6881: 6771: 6246: 6225: 5958: 4399: 4384: 220: 918:, in particular, are near this goal. In 2006 they fulfilled about 70% of their total electricity demand from renewable energy sources. 7282: 7243: 1089: 5286: 7333: 7223: 4404: 3067: 2960: 2919: 2035: 1731: 1257: 584: 769:

to the quantity of available biomass for biofuel production. The projected production of biofuels by 2020 is 0.25 tons per capita.

389:

focuses on the progress and potential of renewable energy in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, with an emphasis on the

6304: 7151: 6693: 6526: 4550: 1757:

account for more than 99 percent of the overall capacity, while stand-alone photovoltaic power system have become insignificant.

5936: 1592: 1467: 471: 7272: 7203: 7128: 7045: 6711: 5613: 4434: 4424: 899: 382: 358:

already achieving their 2020 goals. By 2018, this had risen to 18% with twelve member states meeting their 2020 targets early.

162: 5864: 4981: 4712: 800: 7297: 7262: 7198: 6999: 6871: 6746: 6716: 6688: 2597: 537:

families. Five small solar photovoltaic facilities (totaling 22 megawatts) are being built in Croatia's southern counties of

6165: 4870: 799:

The renewable energy produced in Portugal fell from 55.5% of the total energy produced in 2016 to 41.8% in 2017, due to the

5842: 5708: 845:

had the second largest photovoltaic power station in the world, which was completed in December 2008. The complex, called

7228: 7066: 7030: 6866: 6766: 6741: 4517: 4363: 1524: 1270: 1011: 756: 599: 7233: 7218: 7208: 7081: 7004: 6972: 6891: 6781: 6761: 6751: 6668: 4394: 778: 550: 458: 6561: 6537: 5237:"Nation Bureau for Geology and Energy, Energias Renováveis - Estatísticas Rápidas de fevereiro de 2011 (in Portuguese)" 6962: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6851: 6841: 6831: 6826: 6811: 6786: 6683: 6678: 6212: 6113: 1415: 1228: 703: 1679:. IRENA says economic crises and adverse policy conditions led to reduced investments in renewable energy in the EU. 480:

is an initiative funded under the IEE programme to improve energy consumption in schools and their local communities.

4751: 209:

History of the percentage-share of renewables on the gross final energy consumption in the European Union since 2004

7213: 7168: 7071: 7050: 7009: 6994: 6957: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6901: 6886: 6846: 6836: 6776: 6726: 6721: 6650: 5824: 4674: 4620: 1683: 578: 424: 6486: 7076: 6896: 6876: 6861: 6756: 6736: 6731: 6673: 6663: 5995: 4998: 4661: 1610: 1427: 889: 736: 231:

Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption in EU27 countries in 2022, compared with 2020 target

6703: 6510: 4353: 2478: 1471: 1394: 858: 850: 558: 554: 143: 5427: 865: 6022: 1389:

Gemasolar Thermosolar Plant, in Spain, was the first concentrated solar power plant to provide 24‑hour power.

7292: 7109: 4590: 4326: 2679: 1914: 1735: 1706:

In 2010 renewables avoided €30bn in imported fuel costs. In 2010 EU supported renewable energy with €26bn.

1516: 1393:

Description: CSV power can generate either heat or electricity according to the type used. One advantage of

1275: 854: 5677: 5236: 6417: 5588: 5119: 2720: 2238: 2156: 2076: 1873: 1832: 1542: 1398: 907: 452: 5890: 5096: 1493:. Growth potential is enormous. Solar heating in the EU was equivalent to more than 686.000 tons of oil. 6952: 6085:"Action Plan for 50%: How Solar Thermal Can Supply Europe's Energy | Renewable Energy News Article" 4340: 2638: 2279: 2197: 1994: 538: 390: 6142: 5226:

Lithuanian Renewable Energy Promotion Action Plan 2010-2020 years. 2008. Applied research. Vilnius. 215

5183: 4917: 1104: 925:, two autonomous communities in Spain managed to fulfill their total 2006 electricity demand free of CO 5471: 5019: 17: 6546: 4836: 2839: 2398: 1720: 1137: 744: 386: 362: 354: 4778:"The scale-up gap: Financial market constraints holding back innovative firms in the European Union" 268: 198: 6580:

European Forum for Renewable Energy Sources "Members of Parliament for a Sustainable Energy Future"

5254: 5070: 3960: 1463: 1368: 440: 139: 7105: 6362: 3057:

EUROBSER'VER (Observatoire des énergies renouvelables) Photovoltaic Barometer - installations 2014

765:

is from biofuel. The principal source of electricity from renewable resources is from hydropower.

583:

In July 2015, the French parliament passed a comprehensive energy and climate law that includes a

4852: 4414: 1741: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1538: 934: 455:

is a cooperative network of mayors and local authorities working to implement energy initiatives.

416: 325:

signed in 1992 set an objective of promoting stable growth while protecting the environment. The

5541: 1520: 1385: 911: 29: 6036: 1462:

The research efforts and infrastructure needed to supply 50% of the energy for space and water

5716: 5657: 5560: 5397:"Produção de Energia Eléctrica (KWh): Produção por Região, Origem da Energia e Ano, Mes (KWh)" 4936: 4525: 1597: 1541:. The funding of just over £4 million is part of a £13 million funding package for 1093: 1034: 836: 824: 804: 477: 447: 334: 322: 167: 5966: 6821: 6611: 6550: 5649: 5280:"Renewable energy association, Energias Renováveis - February Press release (in Portuguese)" 4844: 4379: 903: 326: 147: 34: 1074:

The earliest industrial exploitation began in 1827 with the use of geyser steam to extract

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requiring 40% of national electricity production to come from renewable sources by 2030.

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up to 2010, and this proposal was the first to represent the EU's commitment up to 2020.

5493: 5374: 4840: 4675:"Gross and net production of electricity and derived heat by type of plant and operator" 1161:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

114:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

5122: 5049: 3765: 3375: 3112: 2955: 2914: 2030: 1695: 1558: 713: 694: 483: 428: 420: 171: 135: 1182: 1043: 7376: 6011:

CSP Today, April 11, 2014 "Italian project shows strong potential for sand based CSP"

4856: 4374: 3073: 1749: 1433: 922: 785: 1267:

Description: PV solar power are solar modules that are used to generate electricity.

940:

In 2005, Spain became the first country in the world to require the installation of

7120: 6269:"Energy Revolution Hiccups: Grid Instability Has Industry Scrambling for Solutions" 5868: 4699: 1691: 1367:

79% of all European capacity was in Germany, where 794 MWp had been installed. The

1079: 941: 398: 1414:

By year end in the European Union, 2,114 MWp had been installed, mainly in Spain.

264: 194: 4874: 4700:

Updating the EU's Energy and Climate Policy. New Targets for the Post-2020 Period

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since 2011. E10 fuels have replaced the previous E5 fuel, containing 5% ethanol.

807:. The sources of the renewable energy that was produced in Portugal in 2017 were 385:

think tank released a report titled "Empowering Central and Eastern Europe." The

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in 2002 failed to introduce the radical changes targeted for ten years after the

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Systèmes solaires Le journal des énergies renouvelables n° 179, s. 63–75, 5/2007

6397:"EurObserv'ER 203 (2011) - Solar thermal and concentrated solar power barometer" 4320: 3921: 2592: 1687: 1453: 995: 930: 873: 820: 812: 566: 466: 5135:

Share of renewables in energy consumption in the EU rose further to 16% in 2014

1568: 419:. 2 °C is usually seen as the upper temperature limit to avoid 'dangerous 6396: 6288:"Merkel's Switch to Renewables: Rising Energy Prices Endanger German Industry" 5515:

Las renovables ahorraron en enero 90 millones de euros en importaciones de gas

5399:. Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores. 15 February 2018. Archived from 4488:"Policy Brief: Bioenergy Landscape – Bioenergy Europe Statistical Report 2021" 4316: 3726: 3191: 2514: 1527:

machines was officially opened in by the Portuguese minister for the economy.

1504: 1470:(ESTTP). Published in late December 2008, more than 100 experts developed the 1221: 1083: 1075: 869: 828: 808: 394: 338: 5773:"Europe burns a controversial 'renewable' energy source: trees from the U.S." 5720: 5451:"Electricidade de origem renovável na Madeira correspondeu a 29% da produção" 4529: 7159: 5643: 4368: 3687: 3186: 2473: 1466:

across Europe using solar thermal energy was set out under the aegis of the

1432:

Description: Solar heating is the usage of solar energy to provide space or

1237: 1217: 944:

electricity generation in new buildings, and the second in the world (after

816: 762: 6590: 5328:"Seca está a afetar produção de energia hídrica. Consumo de carvão dispara" 499: 6595: 1220:(MW) in 2011, enough to supply 6.3% of the EU's electricity. 9,616 MW of 228: 5138: 4358: 3843: 3804: 3532: 3454: 3154: 3077: 2795: 2756: 2674: 1909: 1763:

2013 - photovoltaic Barometer Report - PV Capacity in the European Union

1745: 1534: 842: 503: 4777: 4194: 4116: 4077: 3999: 3882: 3609: 3297: 3218: 2715: 2354: 2315: 2233: 2151: 2112: 2071: 1950: 1868: 1827: 1449: 1018: 988: 521: 494: 6557:

Reegle: Information Gateway For Renewable Energy And Energy Efficiency

5423:"Fontes fósseis responsáveis por 63,4% da energia elétrica nos Açores" 5353:"Produção de energia eléctrica: total e a partir de fontes renováveis" 1549:) off the coast of Orkney and will have an installed capacity of 3MW. 1371:

anticipated that Germany may have installed around 4,500 MWp by 2010.

263:

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193:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

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per year and saving Europe €28 billion a year in avoided fuel costs.

945: 877: 832: 546: 7362:

List of U.S. states by electricity production from renewable sources

5865:"EEA report confirms wind energy could power Europe many times over" 5828: 4827:

Randalls, Samuel (2010). "History of the 2 °C climate target".

4726:"Shell lobbied to undermine EU renewables targets, documents reveal" 1216:

Installed Wind power capacity in the European Union totalled 93,957

6327:. EPIA - European Photovoltaic Industry Association. Archived from 5745:"How Europe's clean energy policies harm forests – DW – 01/04/2023" 5653: 5472:

http://ww1.rtp.pt/noticias/?article=379834&visual=26&tema=4

4848: 7329:

List of countries by electricity production from renewable sources

4871:"Kevin Anderson | Tyndall°Centre for Climate Change Research" 4429: 4155: 3493: 3336: 2834: 2553: 2393: 1591: 1503: 1448:

If all EU countries used solar thermal as enthusiastically as the

1384: 1269: 1108:

Share of wind power in total electricity demand in Europe in 2017

1103: 598: 542: 493: 28: 5046:"France to Adopt Law to Cut Nuclear Dependency, Carbon Emissions" 1545:. The farm, is to be located at the European Marine Test Centre ( 6166:"Babcock, EDP and Efacec to Collaborate on Wave Energy Projects" 4591:"23% of energy consumed in 2022 came from renewables - Eurostat" 1613:

have offered new work opportunities in the EU during 2005–2009.

1546: 1537:

using four Pelamis machines was announced on 20 February by the

7124: 6615: 6585:

European Federation of Regional Energy and Environment Agencies

6476:"Solar Thermal and CSP Barometer - installations 2012 and 2013" 724:

In April 2023 Germany shutdown its last three nuclear reactors,

5375:"Evolution of the Electricity Generation in Mainland Portugal" 5161:. Fraunhofer Institute, Germany. 5 January 2015. pp. 2, 3 1442:

At present the EU is second after China in the installations.

1177: 1141: 1038: 249: 238: 179: 94: 6542: 6534:

European platform for energy efficiency and renewable energy.

6527:

Eurostat - Statistics Explained - Renewable energy statistics

5020:"Greener Croatia aims to cut emissions, secure energy supply" 1690:, increasing electricity prices and grid instability induced 895:

demand produced with renewable energy sources reached 34.8%.

5935:. European Photovoltaic Industry Association. Archived from 4993: 4991: 6418:"solar_thermal_markets.pdf Solar Thermal Markets in Europe" 5843:"Europe's onshore and offshore wind energy potential – EEA" 4752:"Renewable energy directive - Energy - European Commission" 4662:

Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption

4390:

European Commissioner for Environment, Oceans and Fisheries

1686:

renewable energy caused, according to the German newspaper

6584: 1572:

in previous hydrogen transport projects, most notably the

6579: 6556: 1515:

The world's first commercial wave farm is located at the

617: 6531: 6286:

Dohmen, Frank; Neubacher, Alexander (24 February 2012).

4349:

List of renewable energy topics by country and territory

1564: 861:. These solar parks are approximately 30 km apart. 1501:

Description:Wave power is used to generate electricity.

1194: 1055: 827:

with 0.4% (up from 0.3% in 2016) and a small amount of

603:

Windmills and solar panels at Lisberg Castle in Germany

6574: 5709:"Europe Is Sacrificing Its Ancient Forests for Energy" 5313:"Mau tempo empurra renováveis para recorde em Janeiro" 5209: 4982:"Solarni kapaciteti u regiji četiri puta veći do 2024" 4956: 3068:

Solar power in the European Union § Solar thermal

5933:"Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2013 - 2017" 4518:"European Union Signals a Move Away from Wood Energy" 6107:"Solar Thermal Action Plan for Europe ESTIF, 1/2007" 1418:, in Spain, was the first to provide 24‑hour power. 727:

completely halting the production of nuclear power.

7316: 7268:

List of concentrating solar thermal power companies

7252: 7158: 7059: 7023: 6987: 6910: 6802: 6795: 6702: 6649: 6318:"Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2014-2018" 6213:

Jobs provided by RES Industry in the EU (2005–2009)

6040: 5642:European Commission, Joint Research Centre (2019). 1233:

Europe's onshore and offshore wind energy potential

6440:Trends and Market Statistics 2010, ESTIF June 2011 5178: 5176: 5152:"Power generation in Germany – assessment of 2016" 4802:New EU energy plan – more security, less pollution 4420:Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme 7179:List of offshore wind farms in the United Kingdom 5867:. Eolic Energy News. 15 June 2009. Archived from 5648:. LU: Publications Office of the European Union. 5645:Brief on biomass for energy in the European Union 4621:"European Union Renewable Energy Directive, 2009" 811:with 21.6% of the total (up from 20.7% in 2016), 7184:List of offshore wind farms in the United States 7174:List of onshore wind farms in the United Kingdom 5097:"Panorama de l'électricité renouvelable en 2016" 5071:"France passes sweeping energy bill, to raise CO 4463:"Renewable energy targets - European Commission" 4410:European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register 1753:percent of the peak electricity demand in 2013. 553:- the projects initiated in 2022, backed by the 279:Gross electricity production in the EU27 in TWh: 7348:List of people associated with renewable energy 6386:Trends and Market Statistics 2008, ESTIF 5/2009 5326:Martins Carvalho, Patrícia (22 November 2017). 5255:"Portugal Gives Itself a Clean-Energy Makeover" 4829:Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 621: 511:Category:Renewable energy in the European Union 5707:Hurtes, Sarah; Cai, Weiyi (7 September 2022). 835:. 24% of the energy produced in the Azores is 7136: 6627: 6384:Solar thermal market grows strongly in Europe 4999:"Croatia to add 1.5 GW of renewables by 2025" 1278:in 'watts per capita' from 1992 to 872:centers in the world, started to work in the 853:. Also in production since January 2007, the 8: 7344:List of largest hydroelectric power stations 6037:"European Solar Thermal Technology Platform" 803:, which severely affected the production of 6564:- The state of renewable energies in Europe 6305:Avoiding fossil fuel costs with wind energy 6023:"Spain's round-the-clock solar power plant" 5614:"Bioenergy factsheet - Bioenergy in Europe" 7357:List of renewable energy topics by country 7288:List of rooftop photovoltaic installations 7194:Lists of offshore wind farms by water area 7143: 7129: 7121: 6799: 6634: 6620: 6612: 5571:Red Eléctrica de España Annual Report 2006 4642: 4640: 1759: 1468:European Solar Thermal Technology Platform 6643:Renewable energy by country and territory 5825:"Wind in power: 2011 European statistics" 1755:Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems 1565:Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking 697:electricity came from renewables in 2021. 4648:"Share of energy from renewable sources" 3150: 3071: 1615: 611:Electricity by source in 2021 in Germany 225:EU Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC 7239:List of wind farms in the United States 7189:Lists of offshore wind farms by country 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 4451: 1523:in Portugal. The farm which uses three 1401:to provide power up to 24 hours a day. 349:Renewable energy directives and targets 7383:Renewable energy in the European Union 7352:List of renewable energy organizations 6511:Biofuels barometer 2007 – EurObserv’ER 5802:"The Social Acceptance of Wind Energy" 5565:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5558: 5253:ROSENTHAL, ELISABETH (9 August 2010). 5190:(in Italian). Legambiente. 18 May 2015 4941:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4934: 4804:, press release by European Commission 815:with 13.3% (down from 28.1% in 2016), 557:, are expected to save 66 kilotons of 367:National Renewable Energy Action Plans 41:in selected European countries (2021) 18:European Renewable Energies Federation 7339:Lists of hydroelectric power stations 6267:Schröder, Catalina (16 August 2012). 5767: 5765: 5739: 5737: 5702: 5700: 5698: 5184:"Il rapporto Comuni Rinnovabili 2015" 4711:Oliver Geden/Severin Fischer (2014), 4698:Severin Fischer/Oliver Geden (2013), 1677:International Renewable Energy Agency 784:Portuguese government launched a new 7: 7324:List of books about renewable energy 7303:List of solar thermal power stations 5524:, Energías-Renovables.com, (Spanish) 5311:Garcia, Ricardo (12 February 2014). 4896:Cabot Institute Annual Lecture, 2012 4615: 4613: 4611: 4511: 4509: 4457: 4455: 1744:of solar PV accounted for almost 79 847:Amareleja photovoltaic power station 423:'. However some scientists, such as 150:in 2020, surpassing the 20% target. 7278:List of photovoltaic power stations 6188:"Orkney to get 'biggest' wave farm" 4702:, FES International Policy Analysis 4516:Hurtes, Sarah (15 September 2022). 4400:Energy policy of the European Union 4385:Energy efficiency in Europe (study) 221:Energy policy of the European Union 7308:People associated with solar power 7283:List of pioneering solar buildings 7244:List of wind turbine manufacturers 5989:"Language selection | Energy" 5778:. 11 November 2021. Archived from 1740:As of the end of 2013, cumulative 1090:European Geothermal Energy Council 823:with 1.6% (up from 1.4% in 2016), 459:Sustainable Energy Europe Campaign 25: 7334:List of geothermal power stations 7224:List of wind farms in New Zealand 6575:European Renewable Energy Council 6451:"Solar Thermal Markets in Europe" 6141:. Portugal.gov.pt. Archived from 4405:European Renewable Energy Council 1732:Solar power in the European Union 1258:Solar power in the European Union 948:) to require the installation of 585:mandatory renewable energy target 439:Specific EU renewable energy and 365:required Member States to submit 170:and in meeting targets to combat 7152:Lists of renewable energy topics 7104: 7095: 7094: 6659:Democratic Republic of the Congo 6553:at the local and regional level. 6164:Lima, Joao (23 September 2008). 5994:. 9 January 2012. Archived from 5453:. dnoticias.pt. 15 February 2018 4333: 4319: 4226: 4187: 4148: 4109: 4070: 4031: 3992: 3953: 3914: 3875: 3836: 3797: 3758: 3719: 3680: 3641: 3602: 3563: 3525: 3486: 3447: 3407: 3368: 3329: 3290: 3251: 3211: 3111: 2954: 2913: 2874: 2833: 2794: 2755: 2714: 2673: 2632: 2591: 2552: 2513: 2472: 2433: 2392: 2353: 2314: 2273: 2232: 2191: 2150: 2111: 2070: 2029: 1988: 1949: 1908: 1867: 1826: 1397:(CSP) is the ability to include 1181: 1146: 1042: 565:per year and 28.8 gigatonnes of 254: 184: 99: 7273:List of photovoltaics companies 7204:List of wind farms in Australia 6438:Solar Thermal Markets in Europe 5912:"Wind energy in Europe in 2018" 5141:News Release, 10 February 2016. 4435:Transport in the European Union 4425:Renewable Energy Directive 2018 880:. It has a capacity of 400 KW. 7298:List of solar powered products 7263:Index of solar energy articles 7199:Lists of wind farms by country 6483:www.energies-renouvelables.org 4715:, SWP Research Paper 2014/RP03 1: 7229:List of wind farms in Romania 6355:"Photovoltaic barometer 2015" 4551:"Renewable energy statistics" 4364:Economy of the European Union 1715:Installed wind power capacity 1600:in Europe - Energy Atlas 2018 1559:Green hydrogen § Economy 1508:Pelamis wave energy converter 1012:Biofuel in the European Union 906:technology and plan to reach 819:with 5.1% (same as in 2016), 757:Renewable energy in Lithuania 660:Natural Gas: 37.28 TWh (8.9%) 648:Brown Coal: 92.39 TWh (22.2%) 7234:List of wind farms in Sweden 7219:List of wind farms in Kosovo 7209:List of wind farms in Canada 6591:European Future Energy Forum 5845:. Eea.europa.eu. 8 June 2009 5077:. Carbon Pulse. 22 July 2015 4395:Eugene Green Energy Standard 1668: 1660: 1652: 1644: 1636: 779:Renewable energy in Portugal 654:Hard Coal: 45.14 TWh (10.8%) 6562:All EurObserv'ER barometers 6361:. p. 8. Archived from 6294:– via Spiegel Online. 6275:– via Spiegel Online. 5587:. Ren21.net. Archived from 5044:Tara Patel (22 July 2015). 1748:and generated more than 80 1533:Funding for a wave farm in 1229:European Environment Agency 704:Renewable energy in Germany 472:Intelligent Energy – Europe 7399: 7214:List of wind farms in Iran 7169:List of onshore wind farms 6596:European Commission-Energy 6087:. Renewableenergyworld.com 5355:. Pordata. 31 January 2018 5210:"Sveiki atvykę į avei.lt!" 4577:"EU reaches 50% renewable" 4263: 3065: 2911: 2872: 2831: 2792: 2753: 2712: 2671: 2630: 2589: 2550: 2511: 2470: 2431: 2390: 2351: 2312: 2271: 2230: 2189: 2148: 2109: 2068: 2027: 1986: 1947: 1906: 1865: 1824: 1762: 1729: 1718: 1621:energy industry in the EU 1556: 1425: 1337: 1311: 1285: 1255: 1135: 1032: 1009: 986: 956:Energy Community countries 902:lead Europe in the use of 887: 776: 754: 734: 701: 579:Renewable energy in France 576: 508: 218: 163:renewable energy directive 74: 60: 46: 7090: 6065:. ESTIF. 19 December 2008 6063:"Single News Item – News" 4303: 3168: 3165: 3160: 3153: 3139: 3045: 3042: 3039: 2993: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1618: 1611:renewable energy industry 1489:Worldwide usage was 88 GW 1472:strategic research agenda 1428:Solar heating and cooling 1422:Solar heating and cooling 1155:This section needs to be 910:generation in few years. 890:Renewable energy in Spain 737:Renewable energy in Italy 678:Biomass: 36.74 TWh (8.8%) 642:Nuclear: 28.62 TWh (6.9%) 528:Croatia aims to reduce CO 108:This article needs to be 5520:12 February 2009 at the 5477:17 February 2012 at the 5024:European Investment Bank 4782:European Investment Bank 4354:Climate change in Europe 1543:marine power in Scotland 1395:concentrated solar power 1381:Concentrated solar power 1263:Photovoltaic solar power 973:Renewable energy sources 866:Central de Ondas do Pico 859:greenhouse gas emissions 851:greenhouse gas emissions 672:Solar: 56.28 TWh (13.5%) 666:Wind: 106.12 TWh (25.5%) 555:European Investment Bank 144:greenhouse gas emissions 7293:List of solar car teams 6039:. ESTTP. Archived from 4327:Renewable energy portal 3169:Consumption 2007 (GWh) 3166:Consumption 2006 (GWh) 3163:Consumption 2005 (GWh) 3076:in the European Union ( 1736:Growth of photovoltaics 1096:in the European Union. 1017:fuel consisting of 10% 966:Decision 2012/03/MC-EnC 855:Serpa solar power plant 684:Hydro: 14.31 TWh (3.4%) 498:Wind power stations in 410:Links to climate policy 285: Combustible fuels 6532:Europe's Energy Portal 5159:www.ise.fraunhofer.de/ 5075:tax to €100/t by 2030" 4817:, SWP Research Paper 5 1619:Jobs by the renewable 1601: 1509: 1399:thermal energy storage 1390: 1354: 1133: 632: 604: 506: 453:The Covenant of Mayors 443:initiatives includes: 138:(EU) is driven by the 92: 6359:www.eurobserv-er.org/ 4813:Oliver Geden (2013), 4341:European Union portal 1595: 1507: 1388: 1273: 1107: 1033:Further information: 1010:Further information: 987:Further information: 908:100% renewable energy 631: 602: 551:Primorje-Gorski Kotar 497: 391:Three Seas Initiative 32: 6247:"Jobs annual review" 6226:"Jobs annual review" 6119:on 28 September 2007 5494:"O que são: Oceanos" 4664:, as of January 2023 1721:Wind power in Europe 1682:In 2012, the use of 1517:Aguçadoura Wave Farm 1138:Wind power in Europe 363:Renewables Directive 355:Renewables Directive 6139:"Portal do Governo" 5806:European Commission 5782:on 11 November 2021 5682:energy.ec.europa.eu 5292:on 22 February 2014 5125:, 15 November 2021. 5001:. 10 November 2021. 4841:2010WIRCC...1..598R 4467:energy.ec.europa.eu 4371:ecolabel for energy 3084: 1596:6 advantages of an 1464:heating and cooling 1369:European Commission 921:Through the use of 868:, one of the first 381:In April 2024, the 335:Johannesburg Summit 233: 140:European Commission 6551:renewable energies 6492:on 6 November 2014 6194:. 20 February 2007 6145:on 7 December 2008 6043:on 20 January 2012 6001:on 9 January 2012. 5713:The New York Times 5547:on 30 October 2008 5431:. 15 February 2018 5428:Diário de Notícias 5332:Notícias ao Minuto 5188:Comuni Rinnovabili 4522:The New York Times 4415:Fraunhofer Society 3072: 1602: 1539:Scottish Executive 1510: 1391: 1355: 1290: <0.1, n/a 1193:. You can help by 1134: 1054:. You can help by 935:Castilla-La Mancha 633: 605: 507: 229: 93: 39:energy consumption 7370: 7369: 7118: 7117: 6983: 6982: 6547:energy efficiency 5831:on 27 March 2012. 5812:on 28 March 2009. 5663:978-92-79-77235-1 4923:on 21 August 2014 4310: 4309: 4306: 3144: 3143: 3050: 3049: 1673: 1672: 1598:energy transition 1353: 1352: 1231:report, entitled 1211: 1210: 1176: 1175: 1094:geothermal energy 1072: 1071: 1035:Geothermal energy 825:Geothermal energy 805:hydro electricity 441:energy efficiency 361:Article 4 of the 323:Maastricht Treaty 276: 275: 245: 244: 206: 205: 168:energy dependence 129: 128: 90: 89: 16:(Redirected from 7390: 7145: 7138: 7131: 7122: 7108: 7098: 7097: 7041:French Polynesia 6800: 6636: 6629: 6622: 6613: 6514: 6508: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6491: 6485:. 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3217: 3215: 3214: 3151: 3116: 3115: 3085: 3046:Generation 2014 3043:Total 2014 (MW) 3040:Added 2014 (MW) 2959: 2958: 2918: 2917: 2879: 2878: 2838: 2837: 2799: 2798: 2760: 2759: 2719: 2718: 2678: 2677: 2637: 2636: 2596: 2595: 2557: 2556: 2518: 2517: 2477: 2476: 2438: 2437: 2397: 2396: 2358: 2357: 2319: 2318: 2278: 2277: 2237: 2236: 2196: 2195: 2155: 2154: 2116: 2115: 2075: 2074: 2034: 2033: 1993: 1992: 1954: 1953: 1913: 1912: 1872: 1871: 1831: 1830: 1777:Generation 2014 1774:Total 2014 (MW) 1771:Added 2014 (MW) 1760: 1616: 1347: 1341: 1333: 1327: 1321: 1315: 1307: 1301: 1295: 1289: 1283: 1282: 1206: 1203: 1185: 1178: 1171: 1168: 1162: 1150: 1149: 1142: 1130: 1124: 1118: 1112: 1092:(EGEC) promotes 1067: 1064: 1046: 1039: 904:renewable energy 900:regions of Spain 683: 677: 671: 665: 659: 653: 647: 641: 620: 327:Amsterdam Treaty 316: 314: 310: 308: 304: 302: 298: 296: 292: 290: 286: 284: 258: 257: 250: 234: 188: 187: 180: 148:renewable energy 134:progress in the 132:Renewable energy 124: 121: 115: 103: 102: 95: 84: 78: 70: 64: 56: 50: 44: 43: 35:renewable energy 21: 7398: 7397: 7393: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7388: 7387: 7373: 7372: 7371: 7366: 7312: 7248: 7154: 7149: 7119: 7114: 7086: 7055: 7019: 6979: 6906: 6791: 6698: 6645: 6640: 6604: 6602:Further reading 6571: 6523: 6518: 6517: 6509: 6505: 6495: 6493: 6489: 6478: 6473: 6472: 6468: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6449: 6448: 6444: 6436: 6432: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6415: 6411: 6401: 6399: 6395: 6394: 6390: 6382: 6378: 6368: 6366: 6352: 6351: 6347: 6337: 6335: 6334:on 25 June 2014 6331: 6320: 6316: 6315: 6311: 6307:EWEA March 2014 6303: 6299: 6285: 6284: 6280: 6266: 6265: 6261: 6249: 6245: 6244: 6240: 6228: 6224: 6223: 6219: 6211: 6207: 6197: 6195: 6186: 6185: 6181: 6171: 6169: 6163: 6162: 6158: 6148: 6146: 6137: 6136: 6132: 6122: 6120: 6116: 6109: 6105: 6104: 6100: 6090: 6088: 6083: 6082: 6078: 6068: 6066: 6061: 6060: 6056: 6046: 6044: 6035: 6034: 6030: 6020: 6019: 6015: 6010: 6006: 5998: 5991: 5987: 5986: 5982: 5972: 5970: 5957: 5956: 5952: 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4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4375:Energy Cities 4373: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4346: 4342: 4331: 4328: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4260: 4259: 4255: 4252: 4249: 4246: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4185: 4182: 4181: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4107: 4104: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3912: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3873: 3870: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3856: 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2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2073: 2067: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2032: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1991: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1952: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1911: 1905: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1870: 1864: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1780: 1766: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1737: 1733: 1726:Photovoltaics 1725: 1722: 1714: 1709: 1707: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1692:power outages 1689: 1685: 1680: 1678: 1665: 1664: 1657: 1656: 1649: 1648: 1641: 1640: 1633: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1570: 1566: 1560: 1553:Hydrogen fuel 1552: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1526: 1525:Pelamis P-750 1522: 1518: 1514: 1506: 1502: 1496: 1494: 1488: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1435: 1434:water heating 1429: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1406: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1387: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1359: 1348: 450–600 1342: 300-450 1334: 200-300 1328: 150-200 1322: 100-150 1284: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1268: 1262: 1259: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1205: 1196: 1192: 1189:This section 1187: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1170: 1158: 1153: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1106: 1099: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1066: 1057: 1053: 1050:This section 1048: 1045: 1041: 1040: 1036: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1020: 1013: 1005: 1003: 999: 997: 990: 982: 977: 972: 970: 967: 962: 955: 953: 951: 947: 943: 938: 936: 932: 924: 923:nuclear power 919: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 896: 891: 883: 881: 879: 875: 871: 867: 862: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 797: 794: 787: 786:energy policy 780: 772: 770: 766: 764: 758: 750: 748: 746: 742: 738: 730: 728: 726: 722: 720: 715: 714:net generated 710: 705: 696: 695:net generated 693:About 51% of 680: 674: 668: 662: 656: 650: 644: 638: 637: 601: 594: 592: 588: 586: 580: 572: 570: 568: 564: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 534: 526: 523: 515: 512: 505: 501: 496: 490:Member states 489: 485: 482: 479: 476: 473: 470: 468: 465: 462: 460: 457: 454: 451: 449: 446: 445: 444: 442: 434: 432: 430: 426: 422: 418: 409: 407: 403: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 379: 375: 371: 368: 364: 359: 356: 353:In 2009, the 348: 346: 342: 340: 336: 331: 328: 324: 291: Nuclear 270: 269:MediaWiki.org 266: 261: 252: 251: 236: 235: 232: 226: 222: 214: 200: 199:MediaWiki.org 196: 191: 182: 181: 175: 173: 169: 164: 159: 155: 151: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 123: 120:February 2024 111: 106: 97: 96: 85: >50% 45: 40: 36: 31: 27: 19: 7036:Cook Islands 6803: 6694:South Africa 6506: 6494:. 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Retrieved 4466: 4440:EurObserv'ER 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 3056: 3052: 3051: 1739: 1705: 1684:intermittent 1681: 1674: 1608: 1569:HyFLEET:CUTE 1562: 1530: 1529: 1512: 1511: 1500: 1486: 1485: 1477: 1476: 1459: 1458: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1438: 1431: 1411: 1410: 1404: 1403: 1392: 1374: 1373: 1364: 1363: 1357: 1356: 1316: 50-100 1274:European PV 1266: 1252:Solar energy 1246: 1232: 1226: 1215: 1212: 1199: 1195:adding to it 1190: 1164: 1156: 1125: 10-20% 1119: 20-30% 1088: 1080:volcanic mud 1073: 1060: 1056:adding to it 1051: 1023: 1015: 1000: 992: 963: 959: 942:photovoltaic 939: 920: 897: 893: 863: 841: 798: 795: 782: 767: 760: 745:Solar energy 743: 740: 723: 718: 711: 707: 589: 582: 535: 527: 519: 438: 413: 404: 399:solar energy 380: 376: 372: 360: 352: 343: 332: 320: 230: 160: 156: 152: 131: 130: 117: 109: 79: 40–50% 71: 30–40% 65: 20–30% 57: 10–20% 26: 7317:Other lists 7254:Solar power 7046:New Zealand 6953:Switzerland 6882:Netherlands 6772:Philippines 6712:Afghanistan 6608:p. 125 6587:(FEDARENE). 6543:ManagEnergy 6496:25 November 6292:Der Spiegel 6273:Der Spiegel 6168:. Bloomberg 5919:Wind Europe 5891:"Factsheet" 5776:Environment 5500:16 February 5457:16 February 5435:16 February 5407:16 February 5381:16 February 5359:16 February 5337:16 February 5296:12 February 5214:www.avei.lt 5029:28 February 4600:22 February 4472:22 February 3922:Netherlands 3202:Bioethanol 2598:Netherlands 2519:Luxembourg 1688:Der Spiegel 1454:White Paper 1308: 10-50 1296: 0.1-1 1202:August 2018 1167:August 2018 996:pellet fuel 931:Extremadura 929:emissions: 874:Pico Island 821:Solar power 813:Hydro power 567:electricity 509:Main page: 467:ManagEnergy 435:Initiatives 315: Other 309: Hydro 297: Solar 265:Phabricator 195:Phabricator 7000:Costa Rica 6872:Luxembourg 6747:Kazakhstan 6717:Bangladesh 6689:Seychelles 5582:"Layout 1" 5482:ww1.rtp.pt 4957:"Naslovna" 4736:18 January 4446:References 3727:Luxembourg 3199:Biodiesel 3192:Bioethanol 1730:See also: 1719:See also: 1710:Statistics 1702:Fuel costs 1629:Employees 1584:projects. 1497:Wave power 1456:in 1997). 1302: 1-10 1276:deployment 1222:wind power 1100:Wind power 1084:Larderello 1076:boric acid 1063:March 2009 1029:Geothermal 870:Wave power 837:geothermal 829:Wave power 809:Wind power 569:per year. 339:Rio Summit 303: Wind 219:See also: 7160:Wind farm 7067:Argentina 7031:Australia 6867:Lithuania 6767:Palestine 6742:Indonesia 6233:irena.org 6215:EREC 2010 5721:0362-4331 5687:30 August 5678:"Biomass" 5551:4 October 5264:11 August 5165:5 January 4927:7 October 4857:140660305 4660:Eurostat 4561:31 August 4530:0362-4331 4369:EKOenergy 3688:Lithuania 3187:Biodiesel 3140:Sources: 3117:EU total 3020:Capacity 3007:Capacity 2986:91,319.8 2980:86,673.9 2977:86,506.8 2800:Slovenia 2761:Slovakia 2479:Lithuania 1805:Capacity 1792:Capacity 1746:gigawatts 1588:Economics 1450:Austrians 1416:Gemasolar 1238:gigawatts 1218:megawatts 1086:, Italy. 978:Bioenergy 964:With the 952:systems. 876:, in the 864:In 1999, 817:Bioenergy 763:Lithuania 751:Lithuania 712:In 2016, 563:emissions 417:committed 51: n/a 33:Share of 7377:Category 7100:Category 7082:Colombia 7005:Honduras 6973:Scotland 6892:Portugal 6782:Thailand 6762:Pakistan 6752:Malaysia 6669:Ethiopia 6459:22 April 6423:22 April 6402:22 April 6325:epia.org 6192:BBC News 6172:24 April 6149:24 April 6123:22 April 6091:24 April 6069:24 April 6047:24 April 5943:19 March 5875:24 April 5849:24 April 5598:24 April 5561:cite web 5518:Archived 5475:Archived 5194:13 March 5139:Eurostat 5105:22 April 4966:22 April 4937:cite web 4762:12 April 4679:Eurostat 4629:22 April 4359:Desertec 4313:See also 3844:Slovakia 3805:Slovenia 3533:Bulgaria 3455:Portugal 3177:Country 3155:Biofuels 3147:Biofuels 3023:Watt per 2994:Country 2989:– 2971:6,883.3 2968:6,878.4 2948:– 2930:2,448.0 2907:– 2868:– 2827:– 2788:– 2749:– 2708:– 2680:Portugal 2667:– 2626:– 2585:– 2546:– 2507:– 2489:– 2466:– 2448:– 2427:– 2424:23,299.0 2418:18,450.0 2415:18,437.0 2386:– 2359:Ireland 2347:– 2320:Hungary 2308:– 2267:– 2264:34,930.0 2258:38,301.0 2255:38,236.0 2249:1,899.0 2226:– 2185:– 2167:– 2144:– 2126:– 2117:Estonia 2105:– 2064:– 2046:– 2023:– 1982:– 1955:Croatia 1943:– 1915:Bulgaria 1902:– 1861:– 1808:Watt per 1768:Country 1742:capacity 1669:550,000 1661:400,000 1653:360,000 1645:300,000 1637:230,000 1535:Scotland 843:Portugal 773:Portugal 504:Slovakia 478:U4energy 463:CONCERTO 448:BUILD UP 7024:Oceania 6963:Ukraine 6933:Iceland 6928:Belarus 6923:Armenia 6918:Albania 6857:Ireland 6852:Hungary 6842:Germany 6832:Finland 6827:Denmark 6812:Austria 6787:Vietnam 6684:Nigeria 6679:Morocco 6338:12 June 6256:. 2016. 6235:. 2018. 5786:30 June 5754:30 June 5496:. 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