1159:
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74:
612:
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505:
632:
1152:
659:
1166:
4314:
2814:
485:. When EURECA was in the Shuttle cargo bay, power was supplied by the Shuttle. The modular attitude and orbit control subsystem (AOCS) maintained attitude and spacecraft orientation and stabilization. An orbit transfer assembly, consisting of four thrusters, was used to boost EURECA to its operational attitude of 515 km (320 mi) and return it to a retrievable orbit of about 300 km (190 mi).
622:
512:
519:
1517:
642:
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27:
709:
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697:(Empa) in DĂŒbendorf near Zurich where X-ray scans of the satellite were taken. The goal was to find out how EURECA's 11-month exposure to space had affected its structure and selected experiments it carried. EURECA was then brought back to the Swiss Museum of Transport in Lucerne and has since been exhibited in a new way, with both solar panels fully deployed for the first time.
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EURECA was three-axis stabilized by means of a magnetic torque assembly together with a nitrogen reaction control assembly (RCA). Data handling was carried out by EURECAs data handling subsystem (DHS) supported by telemetry and command subsystems providing the link to the ground station.
676:
The WATCH instrument observed Cosmic X-rays in an extremely wide field of view, a 65 degree range capable of observing 1/4 of the sky. The design is a
Rotation Modulation Collimator, in which stripes of NaI(Tl) and CsI(Na) detectors make a
4164:
689:
WATCH monitored about 25 X-rays sources over the whole sky over the course of the mission, as well as detecting 19 cosmic gamma ray bursts. Many of the gamma ray bursts were able to be localized to within 1 degree.
473:
nodal points joined together to form a framework of cubic elements. Thermal control on EURECA combined both active and passive heat transfer and radiation systems. Active heat transfer was achieved by means of a
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1403:
1141:
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cooling loop which dissipated the thermal load through two radiators into space. The passive system made use of multilayer insulation blankets combined with electrical heaters.
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809:
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757:
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194:
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the â sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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EURECA is one of the few uncrewed space vehicles that have been returned to the Earth unharmed. It has been on display at the
442:
and returned to Earth. It was designed to fly five times with different experiments but the following flights were cancelled.
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Launches are separated by dots ( âą ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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407:-ERNO and had automatic material science cells as well as small telescopes for solar observation (including x-ray).
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2019:
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The electrical subsystem was powered by deployable and retractable solar arrays together with four 40 amp-hour
426:, and placed into an orbit at an altitude of 508 km (316 mi). EURECA was retrieved on 1 July 1993 by
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1079:"Eureca - a satellite on the road (again)!" (Official YouTube channel for the X-ray examination of 2016)
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1984:
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EURECA Scientific
Results, Advances in Space Research, Vol. 16, Issue 8 (1995) 1â140.
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26:
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1535:
1087:
695:
Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
3761:
1380:
638:
Radio
Frequency Ionization Thruster Assembly (RITA) (Germany)
618:
Wide Angle
Telescope for Cosmic Hard X-rays (WATCH) (Denmark)
54:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1150:
588:
Solar
Constant and Variability Instrument (SOVA) (Belgium)
648:
501:
Solution Growth
Facility (SGF) (Belgium, Denmark, Norway)
628:
Timeband
Capture Cell Experiment (TICCE) (Great Britain)
469:
EURECA was made of high-strength carbon-fiber struts and
693:
In the summer of 2016, EURECA was transported to the
665:
Advanced Solar
Gallium Arsenide Array (ASGA) (Italy)
578:
High Precision Thermostat Instrument (HPT) (Germany)
4282:
4261:
4220:
4194:
4125:
3909:
3785:
3632:
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3472:
3425:
3351:
3221:
3150:
3117:
3052:
3012:
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2631:
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2490:
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2199:
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1943:
1894:
1887:
1829:
1808:
1696:
1675:
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1596:
1573:
1448:
1372:
1365:
1320:
1285:
1269:
1262:
1213:
1182:
1124:
1034:"EURECA's last journey to Empa and back to Lucerne"
975:"The European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA) mission"
946:"The European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA) mission"
917:"The European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA) mission"
888:"The European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA) mission"
863:"The European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA) mission"
356:
346:
336:
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316:
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296:
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187:
165:
157:
152:
136:
128:
117:
112:
94:
81:
60:
50:
40:
608:Occultation Radiometer Instrument (ORI) (Belgium)
750:"NASA â NSSDCA â Spacecraft â Trajectory Details"
568:Surface Forces Adhesion Instrument (SFA) (Italy)
525:Protein Crystallization Facility (PCF) (Germany)
1657:Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre
392:(ESA) mission and the acronym was derived from
1667:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
3746:
2880:
1547:
1099:
8:
19:
3753:
3739:
3731:
2887:
2873:
2865:
1891:
1875:
1816:European Launcher Development Organisation
1570:
1554:
1540:
1532:
1369:
1266:
1106:
1092:
1084:
731:â Comparable Japanese spacecraft 1995â1996
598:Solar Spectrum Instrument (SOSP) (France)
72:
25:
18:
1038:Eureca â a satellite on the road (again)!
1008:Eureca â a satellite on the road (again)!
828:Eureca â a satellite on the road (again)!
558:Automatic Mirror Furnace (AMF) (Germany)
4359:Spacecraft launched by the Space Shuttle
388:satellite with 15 experiments. It was a
4364:Space hardware returned to Earth intact
741:
808:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
801:
1778:Space Situational Awareness Programme
548:Multi-Furnace Assembly (MFA) (Italy)
7:
2825:
1821:European Space Research Organisation
1637:Space Research and Technology Centre
497:EURECA consisted of 15 experiments:
2849:
4344:European Space Agency space probes
4133:Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer
3864:Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
1044:from the original on 23 April 2020
1014:from the original on 22 April 2020
14:
4354:European Space Agency satellites
4313:
4312:
2848:
2836:
2824:
2813:
2812:
1642:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
1515:
1066:
834:from the original on 19 May 2020
707:
667:
657:
650:
640:
630:
620:
610:
600:
590:
580:
570:
560:
550:
540:
527:
517:
510:
503:
410:It was launched 31 July 1992 by
362:2 August 1992, 20:00:00 UTC
985:from the original on 2019-07-26
956:from the original on 2019-07-26
927:from the original on 2019-07-26
898:from the original on 2019-07-26
869:from the original on 2020-10-18
760:from the original on 2019-07-26
723:Long Duration Exposure Facility
161:31 July 1992, 11:56:48 UTC
132:4,491 kilograms (9,901 lb)
2661:Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer
1473:Multi-Purpose Logistics Module
1200:German Space Operations Center
84:
1:
3773:List of heliophysics missions
536:Exobiology Radiation Assembly
1456:European Retrievable Carrier
378:European Retrievable Carrier
332:447 kilometres (278 mi)
322:438 kilometres (272 mi)
20:European Retrievable Carrier
4369:Spacecraft launched in 1992
1399:International Space Station
403:It was built by the German
16:ESA space science satellite
4385:
3999:Orbiting Solar Observatory
3964:Intercosmos 26 (Koronas I)
3872:Solar Dynamics Observatory
2731:Mars sample return mission
2551:European Data Relay System
2231:Meteosat Second Generation
2144:James Webb Space Telescope
2006:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
1688:European Data Relay System
1662:Concurrent Design Facility
4349:Space science experiments
4308:
3768:
3716:
2804:
2354:Meteosat Third Generation
2213:Meteosat First Generation
1874:
1862:Planetary Science Archive
1647:European Astronaut Centre
1569:
1511:
1499:Tethered Satellite System
1190:European Astronaut Centre
1148:
447:Swiss Museum of Transport
370:
366:
277:
273:
219:
215:
148:
144:
108:
104:
36:
31:EURECA deployment in 1992
24:
3777:List of solar telescopes
1132:European Astronaut Corps
483:nickel-cadmium batteries
465:EURECA retrieval in 1993
1773:Living Planet Programme
1632:Space Operations Centre
1305:European Service Module
1195:Columbus Control Centre
824:"From Space to Lucerne"
3917:Apollo Telescope Mount
2084:Hubble Space Telescope
1652:Space Astronomy Centre
1461:Hubble Space Telescope
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
466:
396:' bathtub revelation "
384:) was an uncrewed 4.5-
4065:Pioneer 6, 7, 8 and 9
3922:Coronas F (Koronas F)
1881:Projects and missions
1563:European Space Agency
1521:European Space Agency
1321:Retired and cancelled
1226:Concordia winterovers
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
979:heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov
950:heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov
921:heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov
892:heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov
464:
390:European Space Agency
287:Reference system
113:Spacecraft properties
3762:Solar space missions
2903:Orbital launches in
2481:European Robotic Arm
2325:Sentinel-5 Precursor
1286:Planned and proposed
1214:Earth-based research
1075:at Wikimedia Commons
1052:– via YouTube.
1022:– via YouTube.
842:– via YouTube.
2806:Future missions in
1852:European Space Camp
1583:Guiana Space Centre
1466:Faint Object Camera
1236:European Space Camp
1004:"Eureca X-Ray Scan"
754:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
21:
3956:Hinotori (Astro-A)
3856:Parker Solar Probe
2656:Ceres Polar Lander
2491:Telecommunications
1366:Mission highlights
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
715:Spaceflight portal
467:
282:Orbital parameters
4326:
4325:
3728:
3727:
2862:
2861:
2800:
2799:
2418:
2417:
2200:Earth observation
2030:Comet Interceptor
2021:Rosalind Franklin
1993:Trace Gas Orbiter
1944:Planetary science
1870:
1869:
1783:Science Programme
1529:
1528:
1507:
1506:
1361:
1360:
1205:Concordia Station
1118:human spaceflight
1071:Media related to
374:
373:
352:93.4 minutes
342:28.5 degrees
100:Elapsed: 334 days
44:Materials science
4376:
4339:Space telescopes
4316:
4315:
4187:
4177:
4169:
4161:
4153:
4145:
4137:
4117:Yohkoh (Solar-A)
3902:
3892:
3884:
3876:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3844:
3840:Hinode (Solar-B)
3836:
3828:
3820:
3817:
3805:
3797:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3732:
3493:DFS-Kopernikus 3
2908:
2907:
2906:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2866:
2852:
2851:
2840:
2828:
2827:
2816:
2815:
2792:Schiaparelli EDM
2651:Calathus Mission
2475:Georges LemaĂźtre
2433:ISS contribution
1892:
1876:
1571:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1533:
1519:
1370:
1267:
1137:ISS contribution
1108:
1101:
1094:
1085:
1070:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
990:
971:
965:
964:
962:
961:
942:
936:
935:
933:
932:
913:
907:
906:
904:
903:
884:
878:
877:
875:
874:
859:
853:
850:
844:
843:
841:
839:
820:
814:
813:
807:
799:
797:
796:
790:
784:. Archived from
783:
775:
769:
768:
766:
765:
746:
729:Space Flyer Unit
725:â NASA 1984â1990
717:
712:
711:
710:
672:
671:
662:
661:
655:
654:
645:
644:
635:
634:
625:
624:
615:
614:
605:
604:
595:
594:
585:
584:
575:
574:
565:
564:
555:
554:
545:
544:
538:(ERA) (Germany)
532:
531:
522:
521:
515:
514:
508:
507:
431:
415:
318:Perigee altitude
269:
267:
244:
211:
209:
173:
153:Start of mission
140:1,000 watts
98:Planned: 1 year
95:Mission duration
86:
77:
76:
70:
29:
22:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4304:
4278:
4257:
4253:Solar Sentinels
4216:
4190:
4185:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4121:
3905:
3900:
3890:
3882:
3874:
3866:
3858:
3850:
3842:
3834:
3826:
3818:
3811:
3803:
3795:
3781:
3764:
3759:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3712:
3645:Molniya-3 No.56
3628:
3619:Gorizont No.38L
3572:
3497:Molniya-3 No.50
3468:
3421:
3397:Resurs-F1 No.54
3347:
3288:Gorizont No.37L
3217:
3201:Resurs-F1 No.55
3146:
3113:
3065:Gorizont No.36L
3048:
3008:
2961:
2915:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2893:
2863:
2858:
2796:
2765:
2633:
2627:
2608:LISA Pathfinder
2565:
2563:
2556:
2486:
2469:Albert Einstein
2457:Johannes Kepler
2414:
2195:
2053:
2051:
2044:
1939:
1883:
1866:
1825:
1804:
1692:
1671:
1620:
1598:Launch vehicles
1592:
1565:
1560:
1530:
1525:
1503:
1444:
1357:
1316:
1281:
1263:Spacecraft used
1258:
1209:
1178:
1146:
1120:
1112:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1002:
1001:
997:
988:
986:
973:
972:
968:
959:
957:
944:
943:
939:
930:
928:
915:
914:
910:
901:
899:
886:
885:
881:
872:
870:
861:
860:
856:
851:
847:
837:
835:
822:
821:
817:
800:
794:
792:
788:
781:
779:"Archived copy"
777:
776:
772:
763:
761:
748:
747:
743:
738:
713:
708:
706:
703:
687:
666:
656:
649:
639:
629:
619:
609:
599:
589:
579:
569:
559:
549:
539:
526:
516:
509:
502:
495:
459:
427:
411:
328:Apogee altitude
265:
263:
251:
240:
207:
205:
201:Deployment date
180:
169:
99:
71:
66:
45:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4382:
4380:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4331:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4154:
4146:
4138:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4006:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3958:
3953:
3946:
3941:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3893:
3885:
3877:
3869:
3861:
3853:
3845:
3837:
3829:
3821:
3806:
3798:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3735:
3726:
3725:
3721:Crewed flights
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3568:Ekran-M No.15L
3565:
3560:
3555:
3545:
3529:
3524:
3499:
3494:
3491:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3449:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3407:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3369:TOPEX/Poseidon
3366:
3361:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3329:
3324:
3311:
3304:
3299:
3290:
3285:
3260:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3104:Resurs-F2 No.8
3101:
3096:
3091:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2910:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2846:
2834:
2822:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:Darwin Mission
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2617:
2616:(2019âpresent)
2611:
2605:
2599:
2598:(2013âpresent)
2593:
2592:(2009âpresent)
2587:
2581:
2580:(2001âpresent)
2575:
2568:
2566:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2553:(2016âpresent)
2548:
2543:
2542:(2014âpresent)
2537:
2536:(2011âpresent)
2531:
2530:(2010âpresent)
2525:
2524:(2008âpresent)
2519:
2518:(2005âpresent)
2513:
2512:(2001âpresent)
2507:
2501:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2463:Edoardo Amaldi
2460:
2454:
2453:(2010âpresent)
2448:
2442:
2441:(2008âpresent)
2436:
2435:(1998âpresent)
2429:
2427:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2364:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2333:(2018âpresent)
2328:
2327:(2017âpresent)
2322:
2321:(2016âpresent)
2308:
2307:(2015âpresent)
2290:
2289:(2014âpresent)
2276:
2275:(2013âpresent)
2270:
2269:(2010âpresent)
2264:
2263:(2009âpresent)
2258:
2252:
2251:(2006âpresent)
2246:
2240:
2234:
2233:(2002âpresent)
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2209:(1988âpresent)
2203:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2185:
2177:
2169:
2161:
2153:
2152:(2023âpresent)
2147:
2146:(2021âpresent)
2141:
2140:(2019âpresent)
2135:
2134:(2013âpresent)
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2110:(2002âpresent)
2105:
2104:(1999âpresent)
2099:
2093:
2087:
2086:(1990âpresent)
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2026:
2017:
2009:
2003:
2002:(2018âpresent)
1997:
1996:(2016âpresent)
1988:
1982:
1972:
1971:(2003âpresent)
1966:
1960:
1954:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1928:(2020âpresent)
1923:
1917:
1916:(1995âpresent)
1911:
1905:
1898:
1896:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1842:ESA Television
1839:
1833:
1831:
1830:Related topics
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1676:Communications
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1407:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1376:
1374:
1373:Space stations
1367:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1062:
1061:External links
1059:
1056:
1055:
1025:
995:
966:
937:
908:
879:
854:
845:
815:
770:
740:
739:
737:
734:
733:
732:
726:
719:
718:
702:
699:
686:
683:
674:
673:
663:
646:
636:
626:
616:
606:
596:
586:
576:
566:
556:
546:
533:
523:
494:
491:
458:
455:
372:
371:
368:
367:
364:
363:
360:
354:
353:
350:
344:
343:
340:
334:
333:
330:
324:
323:
320:
314:
313:
310:
304:
303:
298:
294:
293:
288:
284:
283:
279:
278:
275:
274:
271:
270:
260:
256:
255:
238:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
224:End of mission
221:
220:
217:
216:
213:
212:
202:
198:
197:
189:
185:
184:
167:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
150:
149:
146:
145:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
119:
115:
114:
110:
109:
106:
105:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
88:
79:
78:
64:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
42:
38:
37:
34:
33:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4381:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4319:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4248:Solar Cruiser
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4174:
4173:Solar-C EUVST
4171:
4166:
4163:
4158:
4155:
4150:
4147:
4142:
4139:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4100:Taiyo (SRATS)
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3984:Koronas-Foton
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3886:
3881:
3880:Solar Orbiter
3878:
3873:
3870:
3865:
3862:
3857:
3854:
3849:
3846:
3841:
3838:
3833:
3830:
3825:
3822:
3815:
3810:
3807:
3802:
3799:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3756:
3751:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3722:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3548:Progress M-15
3546:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3464:Mars Observer
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3406:
3405:Pion-Germes 2
3402:
3401:Pion-Germes 1
3398:
3395:
3393:
3392:Progress M-14
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3258:Eutelsat-2 F4
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3213:Progress M-13
3211:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3094:Progress M-12
3092:
3090:
3089:Inmarsat-2 F4
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2944:Progress M-11
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2898:
2890:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2855:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2803:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2630:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2564:demonstrators
2559:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
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2055:
2050:Astronomy and
2047:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1985:Venus Express
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
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1946:
1942:
1935:
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1930:
1927:
1926:Solar Orbiter
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:Solar physics
1893:
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1794:
1793:Cosmic Vision
1791:
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1537:
1534:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1491:Deutschland-2
1488:
1486:
1485:
1484:Deutschland-1
1481:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1459:
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1368:
1364:
1354:
1353:Space Shuttle
1351:
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1005:
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984:
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947:
941:
938:
926:
922:
918:
912:
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893:
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883:
880:
868:
864:
858:
855:
849:
846:
833:
829:
825:
819:
816:
811:
805:
791:on 2007-09-30
787:
780:
774:
771:
759:
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745:
742:
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724:
721:
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684:
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623:
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583:
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557:
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486:
484:
479:
477:
472:
463:
456:
454:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
436:
430:
429:Space Shuttle
425:
421:
420:
414:
413:Space Shuttle
408:
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401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
369:
365:
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319:
315:
311:
309:
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302:
299:
295:
292:
289:
285:
280:
276:
272:
261:
259:Recovery date
257:
254:
250:
249:
243:
242:Space Shuttle
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
218:
214:
204:2 August 1992
203:
199:
196:
193:
190:
186:
183:
179:
178:
172:
171:Space Shuttle
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
116:
111:
107:
103:
97:
93:
89:
87:
80:
75:
69:
65:
63:
59:
56:
53:
49:
43:
39:
35:
28:
23:
4181:
4110:
3979:ICE / ISEE-3
3949:
3937:
3926:
3901:(since 1994)
3896:
3891:(since 2006)
3883:(since 2020)
3875:(since 2010)
3867:(since 1995)
3859:(since 2018)
3851:(since 2013)
3843:(since 2006)
3835:(since 2015)
3827:(since 2021)
3824:CHASE (Xihe)
3819:(since 2022)
3804:(since 2023)
3796:(since 1997)
3720:
3659:
3649:
3640:Superbird A1
3531:
3451:
3409:
3359:Molniya 1-84
3337:
3331:
3306:
3205:
3124:
3041:
3034:
3020:Molniya 1-83
3000:Superbird B1
2972:
2931:
2841:
2830:
2817:
2807:
2716:Lunar Lander
2634:and proposed
2619:
2406:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2187:
2179:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2089:
2036:
2028:
2020:
2011:
1992:
1969:Mars Express
1931:
1809:Predecessors
1788:Horizon 2000
1489:
1482:
1455:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1379:
1292:
1250:
1142:ISS research
1046:. Retrieved
1037:
1028:
1016:. Retrieved
1007:
998:
987:. Retrieved
978:
969:
958:. Retrieved
949:
940:
929:. Retrieved
920:
911:
900:. Retrieved
891:
882:
871:. Retrieved
857:
848:
836:. Retrieved
827:
818:
793:. Retrieved
786:the original
773:
762:. Retrieved
753:
744:
692:
688:
675:
496:
487:
480:
468:
453:since 2000.
444:
434:
418:
409:
402:
381:
377:
375:
308:Eccentricity
247:
237:Recovered by
176:
118:Manufacturer
41:Mission type
4095:Spartan 201
3812: [
3708:Kosmos 2229
3703:Kosmos 2228
3698:Kosmos 2227
3693:Kosmos 2225
3688:Kosmos 2226
3673:Kosmos 2224
3668:Kosmos 2223
3614:Kosmos 2222
3609:Kosmos 2221
3594:Kosmos 2220
3589:Kosmos 2219
3563:Kosmos 2218
3527:Kosmos 2217
3522:Kosmos 2216
3518:Kosmos 2215
3514:Kosmos 2214
3510:Kosmos 2213
3506:Kosmos 2212
3502:Kosmos 2211
3489:Foton No.8L
3459:Kosmos 2210
3443:Hispasat 1A
3438:Kosmos 2209
3382:Kosmos 2208
3327:Kosmos 2207
3322:Kosmos 2206
3318:Kosmos 2205
3314:Kosmos 2204
3308:Soyuz TM-15
3302:Kosmos 2203
3283:Kosmos 2202
3279:Kosmos 2201
3275:Kosmos 2200
3271:Kosmos 2199
3267:Kosmos 2198
3263:Kosmos 2197
3249:Kosmos 2196
3229:Kosmos 2195
3186:Kosmos 2194
3182:Kosmos 2193
3178:Kosmos 2192
3174:Kosmos 2191
3170:Kosmos 2190
3166:Kosmos 2189
3162:Kosmos 2188
3158:Kosmos 2187
3142:Kosmos 2186
3109:Kosmos 2185
3080:Kosmos 2184
3070:Kosmos 2183
3060:Kosmos 2182
3036:Soyuz TM-14
3025:Kosmos 2181
2990:Kosmos 2180
2957:Kosmos 2179
2953:Kosmos 2178
2949:Kosmos 2177
2939:Kosmos 2176
2927:Kosmos 2175
2854:WikiProject
2726:MarcoPolo-R
2676:Don Quijote
2646:Ariane 5 ME
2610:(2015â2017)
2540:Galileo FOC
2534:Galileo IOV
2506:(1989â1993)
2445:Jules Verne
2426:spaceflight
2257:(2009â2013)
2245:(2003â2007)
2243:Double Star
2239:(2002â2012)
2227:(1995â2011)
2221:(1991â2000)
2215:(1977â1997)
2128:(2009â2013)
2122:(2009â2013)
2098:(1995â1998)
2080:(1989â1993)
2074:(1983â1986)
2068:(1978â1996)
2062:(1975â1982)
2000:BepiColombo
1987:(2005â2014)
1981:(2004â2016)
1965:(2003â2006)
1959:(1997â2005)
1953:(1985â1992)
1922:(2000â2024)
1910:(1990â2009)
1904:(1977â1987)
1837:Arianespace
1435:Tranquility
1392:Interkosmos
1348:Soyuz TMA-M
1254:Airbus A310
493:Experiments
338:Inclination
262:1 July 1993
188:Launch site
158:Launch date
129:Launch mass
4333:Categories
3584:Resurs 500
3196:Intelsat K
3085:Telecom 2B
3004:Arabsat 1C
2741:Phootprint
2721:Marco Polo
2562:Technology
2392:MetOp-SG-B
2384:MetOp-SG-A
2360:Sentinel-4
2331:ADM-Aeolus
2311:Sentinel-3
2293:Sentinel-2
2279:Sentinel-1
2207:Copernicus
2102:XMM-Newton
1920:Cluster II
1726:Copernicus
1697:Programmes
1625:Facilities
1575:Spaceports
1183:Facilities
989:2018-07-23
960:2018-07-23
931:2018-07-23
902:2018-07-23
873:2020-11-09
795:2011-04-12
764:2018-05-01
736:References
394:Archimedes
291:Geocentric
208:1992-08-02
4283:Sun-Earth
4269:Pioneer E
4233:Pioneer H
4221:Cancelled
4075:Prognoz 6
4060:Pioneer 5
3801:Aditya-L1
3447:Satcom C3
3426:September
3417:Satcom C4
3411:Galaxy 1R
3373:Uribyol 1
3132:Palapa B4
2782:CryoSat-1
2756:STE-QUEST
2691:Eddington
2681:e.Deorbit
2632:Cancelled
2504:Olympus-1
2346:EarthCARE
2267:CryoSat-2
2116:(2006â13)
2092:(1992â93)
2078:Hipparcos
2052:cosmology
1406:programme
1343:Soyuz-TMA
1231:Euro-MARS
435:Endeavour
301:Low Earth
248:Endeavour
232:Recovered
68:1992-049B
62:COSPAR ID
46:Astronomy
4318:Category
4300:ACRIMSAT
4212:Sundiver
4195:Proposed
4090:SolarMax
3683:Optus B2
3633:December
3577:November
3558:Galaxy 7
3552:Znamya-2
3538:LAGEOS-2
3387:Optus B1
3254:INSAT-2A
3030:Galaxy 5
2966:February
2843:Wikinews
2819:Category
2439:Columbus
2363:) (2024)
2173:ARRAKIHS
2126:Herschel
2108:INTEGRAL
2038:EnVision
1991:ExoMars
1847:EUMETSAT
1738:Columbus
1731:Sentinel
1611:Ariane 6
1606:Ariane 5
1478:Spacelab
1414:Columbus
1409:Modules
1338:Soyuz-TM
1277:Soyuz-MS
1241:MARS-500
1115:European
1042:Archived
1012:Archived
983:Archived
954:Archived
925:Archived
896:Archived
867:Archived
832:Archived
804:cite web
758:Archived
701:See also
679:phoswich
471:titanium
419:Atlantis
229:Disposal
177:Atlantis
51:Operator
4202:ADAHELI
4165:TRACERS
4157:SWFO-L1
4141:PROBA-3
4126:Planned
4111:Ulysses
4070:PROBA-2
4048:Solwind
3994:MinXSS2
3989:MinXSS1
3944:GOES 13
3938:Genesis
3932:ESRO 2B
3786:Current
3661:ODERACS
3473:October
3293:Geotail
3137:SROSS-C
2974:Unnamed
2920:January
2831:Commons
2808:italics
2777:Cluster
2761:THESEUS
2746:SOLARIS
2621:PROBA-3
2614:OPS-SAT
2596:PROBA-V
2590:PROBA-2
2578:PROBA-1
2528:HYLAS-1
2522:GIOVE-B
2516:GIOVE-A
2510:Artemis
2338:Biomass
2237:Envisat
2176:(2030s)
1975:Rosetta
1963:SMART-1
1957:Huygens
1908:Ulysses
1888:Science
1763:ExoMars
1753:GALILEO
1743:CryoSat
1704:Artemis
1683:ESTRACK
1588:Esrange
1428:Harmony
1387:Euromir
1246:MELiSSA
1125:General
685:Results
451:Lucerne
438:during
422:during
398:Eureka!
312:0.00066
266:1993-08
264: (
206: (
192:Kennedy
83:SATCAT
4186:(2031)
4176:(2028)
4168:(2025)
4160:(2025)
4152:(2025)
4144:(2024)
4136:(2024)
4080:RHESSI
4055:PICARD
3974:ISEE-2
3969:ISEE-1
3950:Helios
3927:EURECA
3888:STEREO
3832:DSCOVR
3678:USA-87
3656:USA-89
3651:STS-53
3624:USA-86
3604:USA-85
3599:MSTI-1
3533:STS-52
3480:FSW-14
3453:STS-47
3433:USA-84
3364:FSW-13
3352:August
3338:EURECA
3333:STS-46
3244:USA-83
3239:SAMPEX
3234:USA-82
3207:STS-50
3126:STS-49
3099:USA-81
3075:USA-80
3043:STS-45
2995:USA-79
2985:Fuyo 1
2980:USA-78
2933:STS-42
2912:1993 â
2897:â 1991
2787:GEOS 1
2770:Failed
2736:ODINUS
2706:Hopper
2701:Hermes
2696:EXPERT
2624:(2024)
2604:(2015)
2586:(2007)
2574:(1998)
2500:(1978)
2498:GEOS 2
2483:(2021)
2477:(2014)
2471:(2013)
2465:(2012)
2459:(2011)
2451:Cupola
2447:(2008)
2411:(2027)
2403:(2025)
2395:(2025)
2387:(2025)
2379:(2025)
2371:(2025)
2368:ALTIUS
2349:(2024)
2341:(2024)
2192:(2035)
2184:(2035)
2181:Athena
2168:(2029)
2160:(2026)
2150:Euclid
2138:CHEOPS
2120:Planck
2090:Eureca
2072:EXOSAT
2041:(2031)
2033:(2029)
2025:(2028)
2016:(2024)
2008:(2023)
1979:Philae
1951:Giotto
1936:(2031)
1902:ISEE-2
1716:Aurora
1421:Cupola
1333:Hermes
1312:Skylon
1270:Active
1251:Zero-G
1073:EURECA
1048:5 June
1018:5 June
838:5 June
457:Design
440:STS-57
424:STS-46
382:EURECA
348:Period
297:Regime
253:STS-57
195:LC-39B
182:STS-46
166:Rocket
4290:SORCE
4274:OSO C
4243:OSO K
4238:OSO J
4182:Vigil
4149:PUNCH
4105:TRACE
4085:SOLAR
4043:OSO 8
4038:OSO 7
4033:OSO 6
4028:OSO 5
4023:OSO 4
4018:OSO 3
4013:OSO B
4009:OSO 2
4004:OSO 1
3960:IMP-8
3816:]
3809:ASO-S
3484:Freja
3377:S80/T
3342:TSS-1
3053:April
3013:March
2751:SPICA
2546:EGNOS
2408:FORUM
2400:SMILE
2273:Swarm
2249:MetOp
2225:ERS-2
2219:ERS-1
2165:ARIEL
2157:PLATO
2114:CoRoT
2060:Cos-B
2023:rover
1933:Vigil
1857:GEWEX
1800:Pride
1758:ELIPS
1748:EGNOS
1449:Other
1404:ELIPS
1300:Orion
1294:DC4EU
1221:AMASE
789:(PDF)
782:(PDF)
476:freon
432:
416:
386:tonne
358:Epoch
245:
174:
137:Power
124:-ERNO
90:22065
4262:Lost
4228:AOSO
4207:SETH
3910:Past
3897:Wind
3848:IRIS
3297:DUVE
3222:July
3191:EUVE
3151:June
2905:1992
2711:LOFT
2686:EChO
2666:CSTS
2641:AIDA
2584:YES2
2376:FLEX
2261:SMOS
2255:GOCE
2189:LISA
2132:Gaia
2013:Hera
1914:SOHO
1768:FLPP
1616:Vega
1328:CSTS
1050:2017
1020:2017
840:2017
810:link
376:The
4295:SXI
3793:ACE
3542:CTA
3118:May
2602:IXV
2572:ARD
2424:ISS
2096:ISO
2066:IUE
1721:ATV
1709:ESM
1381:Mir
449:in
405:MBB
400:".
122:MBB
85:no.
55:ESA
4335::
3814:fr
3775:-
3658:,
3540:,
3520:,
3516:,
3512:,
3508:,
3504:,
3482:,
3445:,
3403:,
3399:,
3375:,
3371:,
3340:,
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