31:
75:
50:
452:
197:
1545:
Abbott, R.; Albach, D.; Ansell, S.; Arntzen, J. W.; Baird, S. J. E.; Bierne, N.; Boughman, J.; Brelsford, A.; Buerkle, C. A.; Buggs, R.; Butlin, R. K.; Dieckmann, U.; Eroukhmanoff, F.; Grill, A.; Cahan, S. H.; Hermansen, J. S.; Hewitt, G.; Hudson, A. G.; Jiggins, C.; Jones, J.; Keller, B.;
664:
1546:
Marczewski, T.; Mallet, J.; Martinez-Rodriguez, P.; Möst, M.; Mullen, S.; Nichols, R.; Nolte, A. W.; Parisod, C.; Pfennig, K.; Rice, A. M.; Ritchie, M. G.; Seifert, B.; Smadja, C. M.; Stelkens, R.; Szymura, J. M.; Väinölä, R.; Wolf, J. B. W.; Zinner, D. (2013-01-17).
966:
Aram
Agasyan; Aziz Avisi; Boris Tuniyev; Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic; Petros Lymberakis; Claes Andrén; Dan Cogalniceanu; John Wilkinson; Natalia Ananjeva; Nazan Üzüm; Nikolai Orlov; Richard Podloucky; Sako Tuniyev; Uğur Kaya (2009).
667:
671:
670:
666:
665:
542:, this frog has been suffering some losses throughout its range. For example, 15 known breeding populations of these frogs were identified in Denmark in 1974, but by 1988 only 8 of those populations remained. In the
672:
637:
until spring. Breeding commences once temperatures reach 16 °C (61 °F) and is usually done at night time or early morning, where females will deposit up to 15 to 40 eggs depending on their size.
440:
When threatened by a predator, the fire-bellied toad will lift up its arms (sometimes flipping over) to expose its red coloration and show off its toxicity to the potential predator. This is known as
669:
527:
but has since been found in several other nearby locations up to 30 kilometres (19 mi) away, which suggests they were moved by humans intentionally. They can potentially impact the local
1096:
1246:(Report). Conservatoire d'espaces naturels de Lorraine, Commission Reptiles et Amphibiens de Lorraine, Grand Est – via Centre de Ressources: Espèces Exotiques Envahissantes.
1979:
1236:
1924:
1398:
1509:"Reproductive biology of the fire-bellied toads, Bombina bombina and B. variegata (Anura: Discoglossidae): egg size, clutch size and larval period length differences"
2365:
539:
2417:
2564:
668:
722:
to clinal speciation. Clinal speciation is a challenging dynamic to study and so
Yanchukov is one of the few to provide insight into this relationship.
1561:
2523:
2326:
710:
2006's survey of these species aids understanding of clinal speciation itself: Because different subpopulations carry different combinations of the
407:, where it can be found near waterbodies such as ponds and marshes. It is known for its red colored belly used to ward off predators, an example of
2536:
2378:
1084:
554:
the fire-bellied toad only made up 9% of the observed species. However, in some areas they are recovering through human intervention, such as in
2574:
2579:
823:, which is more terrestrial and has evolved longer legs and thicker skin to aid in their frequent migrations onto dry land. Additionally,
2584:
871:, first publishing a partial bombinin amino acid sequence in Kiss & Michl 1962. A few years later they discovered it was merely the
578:
without too much woody vegetation. In larger lakes these frogs will stay on the edges (50 to 70 centimetres (20 to 28 in) deep) in
2510:
2287:
562:, where dozens of ponds were dug for the frogs to live and breed in, increasing their population approximately five-fold in a decade.
1413:
2339:
1191:
1988:
1552:
543:
2217:
2541:
2212:
719:
2383:
2404:
2235:
2461:
2058:
König, Enrico; Bininda-Emonds, Olaf R.P.; Shaw, Chris (2015). "The diversity and evolution of anuran skin peptides".
2305:
2115:
Negri, L.; Melchiorri, P. (2006). "Opioid peptides from frog skin and Bv8-related peptides". In Kastin, JA (ed.).
2422:
2318:
433: in). The dorsal coloration can vary from gray to brown to green, while the stomach is red with thick black
74:
1377:"Feeding niche characteristics of a Bombina bombina population from Livada Plain (Satu-Mare County, Romania)"
1788:
787:
of approximately 2 to 7 kilometres (1.2 to 4.3 mi) wide, they generally avoid it by differing in their
703:
2139:
938:
and subsequently other prokineticins have been isolated from other species in the genus, and predicted in
711:
547:
481:
30:
2443:
2240:
1508:
946:
769:
535:
196:
169:
2261:
2186:
2177:
1688:
1628:
1611:
Arntzen, J. W. (December 1978). "Some
Hypotheses on Postglacial Migrations of the Fire-Bellied Toad,
1140:
884:
788:
733:
718:, their comparison and reanalysis of this speciation process helps to understand the contribution of
524:
419:
The
European fire-bellied toad is a medium sized frog, growing up to approximately 5.6 centimetres (
699:
528:
39:
2191:
2097:
2060:
2022:
1896:
1825:
1765:
1644:
1593:
1113:
901:
851:
835:, which forces them to find other breeding ponds without the other species of fire-bellied toad.
741:
204:
69:
2448:
2370:
991:
2497:
2430:
2248:
2089:
2081:
2014:
2006:
1955:
1947:
1888:
1880:
1859:
1817:
1809:
1757:
1716:
1585:
1577:
845:
695:
690:
400:
2569:
2435:
2073:
1996:
1992:
1937:
1872:
1868:
1801:
1797:
1747:
1706:
1696:
1636:
1569:
1565:
1520:
1459:
1211:) using Digital Photographic Recognition and Dye Marking Techniques in North-western Turkey"
1156:
986:
872:
765:
745:
508:
2456:
2396:
1444:
940:
906:
1844:
1692:
1632:
2313:
2300:
2124:
1841:
1752:
1735:
1711:
1668:
1524:
497:
489:
469:
465:
136:
1445:"Breeding, rearing and raising the red-bellied toad Bombina bombina in the laboratory"
1175:
2558:
2391:
2026:
1876:
1573:
1353:
1330:
1307:
1288:
1258:
1206:
977:
892:
876:
643:
223:
186:
59:
54:
2101:
1900:
1769:
1376:
807:, but ones that are still close to nearby permanent waterbodies. On the other hand,
629:
once temperatures dip down to 4 °C (39 °F), during which they burrow into
2502:
2488:
2344:
2253:
2077:
1829:
1783:
1478:
1160:
968:
925:
587:
555:
1597:
1942:
1915:
1701:
1331:"Distribution of amphibians in urban water bodies (Warsaw agglomeration, Poland)"
2409:
2352:
2199:
2171:
812:
796:
784:
761:
726:
626:
451:
445:
441:
408:
764:). As the glaciers receded, both species spread out to the rest of Europe but
1786:; Feder, Jeffrey L. (2006-10-03). "Speciation genetics: evolving approaches".
1547:
1241:(Linnaeus, 1760) en Lorraine: historique, synthèse des études et problématique
910:
880:
804:
800:
591:
583:
2162:
2085:
2010:
1951:
1884:
1813:
1581:
519:, over 500 kilometres (310 mi) away from their natural range in eastern
2515:
2274:
2120:
2001:
1975:"Natural Antifungal Peptides/Proteins as Model for Novel Food Preservatives"
1974:
896:
832:
757:
116:
86:
2093:
2018:
1959:
1892:
1821:
1761:
1720:
1589:
455:
European fire-bellied toad lifting its arms and legs as a defense mechanism
2292:
1013:
732:. The ancestor to both species was confined to southern Europe during the
2482:
2156:
2069:
1933:
860:
715:
579:
512:
493:
106:
883:
effect of bombinins in the toads' skin makes them promising factors for
714:, and because they combine data from a new transect with four preceding
546:
in Poland, the fire-bellied toad was described as uncommon, rare in the
2528:
2331:
2227:
2204:
1838:
1648:
1047:
914:
639:
559:
520:
477:
473:
146:
1857:
Barton, N. H. (2008-07-07). "The role of hybridization in evolution".
1463:
642:
are born in about a week and develop for approximately a month before
2357:
1736:"Natural Selection on Quantitative Traits in the Bombina Hybrid Zone"
1479:"Beobachtungen zur Nahrungsaufnahme und Paarungsbiologie der Gattung
753:
634:
595:
551:
516:
501:
485:
434:
404:
96:
2133:
1805:
1640:
2279:
606:. In return, the frogs are preyed on by many other animals such as
1835:
729:
662:
615:
607:
599:
575:
450:
1973:
Thery, Thibaut; Lynch, Kieran M.; Arendt, Elke K. (2019-08-23).
630:
619:
611:
571:
126:
2266:
2137:
875:
of a larger molecule in Csordás & Michl 1970, also showing
603:
1490:
Verhandlungen der
Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien
928:
family of compounds was first discovered in this species and
570:
This frog generally prefers to live in lowland areas such as
1914:
Simmaco, Maurizio; Kreil, Günther; Barra, Donatella (2009).
819:
also spends more time confined to a waterbody compared to
1308:"Płazy Nadmorskiego Parku Krajobrazowego i jego otuliny"
242:(Latreille in Sonnini de Manoncourt and Latreille, 1801)
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
1289:"Amphibian fauna of the Romincka Forest Landscape Park"
863:. The H. Michl group in Vienna were the first to study
1980:
Comprehensive
Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1381:
Analele
Universităţii din Oradea, Fascicula Biologie
885:
incorporation into food packaging to retard spoilage
480:
and parts of southern Sweden), and then east to the
2472:
2146:
2053:
2051:
464:The European fire-bellied toad is found throughout
1925:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
1207:"A mark-recapture study of the fire-bellied toad (
523:. This population was first discovered in 2009 in
1267:Memoranda - Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica
472:. More particularly, its range starts in eastern
437:. The backs of these frogs are covered in warts.
1141:"On the distribution of the Fire-bellied Toad,
1677:) differ in their susceptibility to predation"
1421:Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service
1669:"Tadpoles of hybridising fire-bellied toads (
1466:– via Inter-Research Science Publisher.
1293:Płazy Parku Krajobrazowego Puszczy Rominckiej
706:where they overlap geographically. Yanchukov
8:
1215:Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis
2134:
1667:Smolinský; et al. (7 December 2020).
992:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T2865A9489517.en
633:or a rotting log and remain in a state of
195:
48:
29:
20:
2000:
1941:
1751:
1734:Nürnberger; et al. (December 1995).
1710:
1700:
1562:European Society for Evolutionary Biology
1513:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1427:– via Smithosonian Research Online.
1174:Uğurtaş; et al. (10 December 1999).
990:
811:prefers to breed in higher elevations in
2117:Handbook of biologically active peptides
1916:"Bombinins, antimicrobial peptides from
1615:(Linnaeus) and the Yellow-Bellied Toad,
783:While the two frogs hybridize in narrow
1306:Arciszewski; et al. (April 2012).
1287:Hermaniuk; et al. (January 2006).
1093:British Herpetological Society Bulletin
1046:Kuzmin; et al. (8 December 2019).
958:
1443:Kinne; et al. (3 February 2004).
1341:(3): 245–257 – via ResearchGate.
740:evolved in the mountains in the west (
1662:
1660:
1658:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1282:
1280:
725:Their speciation occurred during the
7:
2319:0e941f4f-d0f0-489b-8e10-685974c3c310
1318:(2): 77–92 – via ResearchGate.
1273:(3): 97–99 – via ResearchGate.
1257:Briggs; et al. (January 1988).
1230:
1228:
1221:(1): 75–80 – via ResearchGate.
1108:
1106:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1041:
1039:
646:at a size of about 3.8 centimetres (
492:. The frog's most southern range is
411:, and its distinctive "whoop" call.
403:native to eastern parts of mainland
2565:IUCN Red List least concern species
1205:Çevik; et al. (January 2008).
978:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1753:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04449.x
1525:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1991.tb00593.x
1329:Mazgajska, Joanna (January 1996).
1194:from the original on Jul 30, 2023.
1180:(Anura, Discoglossidae) in Turkey"
1099:from the original on Jul 30, 2023.
1083:Lang, Mathias (26 November 1988).
586:. They feed on all sorts of small
511:of European fire-bellied toads in
14:
1387:: 14–17 – via ResearchGate.
752:in the lowlands to the east (the
712:reproductive isolation mechanisms
1877:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01216.x
1574:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02599.x
684:The European fire-bellied toad (
550:, and in an amphibian survey in
73:
1989:Institute of Food Technologists
1553:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
1399:"AmphibiaWeb - Bombina bombina"
843:Like its relatives – including
827:is unable to sing as loudly as
720:single-nucleotide polymorphisms
698:. They emerged from an ancient
544:Puszcza Romincka Landscape Park
2078:10.1016/j.peptides.2014.11.003
1548:"Hybridization and speciation"
1184:Russian Journal of Herpetology
1161:10.1080/09397140.1986.10637528
1139:Yilmaz, İrfan (January 1986).
831:due to their lack of internal
614:, while tadpoles are eaten by
488:where they are stopped by the
1:
1352:Briggs, Lars (January 1997).
1089:Oken (Anura: Bombinatoridae)"
351:Bombinator variegatus bombina
2575:Amphibians described in 1761
1943:10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.01.004
1702:10.1371/journal.pone.0231804
1527:– via Oxford Academic.
1507:Rafińska, Anna (July 1991).
932:. These two species produce
909:homologues in various other
795:prefers to breed in lowland
2580:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1477:Birkenmeier, Elmar (1954).
1452:Endangered Species Research
1237:Le Sonneur à ventre de feu
1022:European Environment Agency
702:, however they continue to
688:) and yellow-bellied toad (
24:European fire-bellied toad
2601:
2585:Habitats Directive species
1149:Zoology in the Middle East
815:that are quick to dry up.
776:occupied the lowlands and
534:While they are listed as "
391:European fire-bellied toad
1358:in Funen County, Denmark"
1335:Polish Journal of Ecology
1295:– via ResearchGate.
1235:Aumaître, Damien (2020).
899:and found the closest in
210:
203:
194:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1176:"Two New Localities for
2002:10.1111/1541-4337.12480
1789:Nature Reviews Genetics
1621:Journal of Biogeography
531:through hybridization.
444:, and is an example of
1414:"AMPHIBIANS AND BIRDS"
1412:Cook, William (1987).
887:. More recently Jilek
780:the higher altitudes.
772:with each other until
676:
548:Coastal Landscape Park
456:
2444:Paleobiology Database
1375:Széplaki (May 2006).
1312:Parki Nar. Rez. Pryzr
1014:"Fire-bellied toad -
947:Pelophylax esculentus
839:Secondary metabolites
694:) are the product of
675:
509:introduced population
454:
2314:Fauna Europaea (new)
1085:"Notes on the Genus
734:Last Glacial Maximum
625:They will typically
529:yellow-bellied toads
16:Species of amphibian
1839:0000-0002-5400-4408
1784:Noor, Mohamed A. F.
1693:2020PLoSO..1531804S
1633:1978JBiog...5..339A
1114:"Fire-bellied toad"
985:: e.T2865A9489517.
476:(including eastern
378:(Tian and Hu, 1985)
303:Bombitator bombinus
40:Conservation status
2127:. pp. 269–75.
902:Xenopus tropicalis
891:2005 searched for
677:
457:
399:) is a species of
343:Bombinator bombina
2552:
2551:
2431:Open Tree of Life
2140:Taxon identifiers
1860:Molecular Ecology
1617:Bombina variegata
1464:10.3354/esr001011
1018:(Linnaeus, 1761)"
919:Gallus domesticus
907:finding predicted
696:clinal speciation
673:
401:fire-bellied toad
387:
386:
379:
363:
362:(Stejneger, 1907)
355:
347:
339:
338:(Boulenger, 1882)
335:Bombinator igneus
331:
323:
315:
314:(Dvigubsky, 1832)
307:
299:
283:
275:
271:Bombinator igneus
267:
259:
251:
243:
235:
227:
63:
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2519:
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2465:
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2413:
2412:
2410:NHMSYS0000080162
2400:
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2004:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1945:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1854:
1848:
1833:
1798:Nature Portfolio
1780:
1774:
1773:
1755:
1746:(6): 1224–1238.
1731:
1725:
1724:
1714:
1704:
1687:(12): e0231804.
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963:
937:
936:
873:carboxy terminal
700:divergence event
674:
659:
658:
654:
651:
590:, in particular
432:
431:
427:
424:
377:
361:
353:
346:(Bedriaga, 1890)
345:
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234:(Lacépède, 1788)
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78:
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57:
52:
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33:
21:
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2260:
2252:
2247:
2239:
2234:
2226:
2224:
2218:Bombina-bombina
2216:
2211:
2203:
2198:
2190:
2185:
2178:Bombina bombina
2176:
2175:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2148:Bombina bombina
2142:
2132:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2034:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1806:10.1038/nrg1968
1782:
1781:
1777:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1666:
1665:
1656:
1641:10.2307/3038027
1613:Bombina bombina
1610:
1609:
1605:
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1543:
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1506:
1505:
1501:
1485:
1476:
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1471:
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1441:
1432:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1356:Bombina bombina
1351:
1350:
1346:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1261:Bombina bombina
1256:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:Bombina bombina
1234:
1233:
1226:
1209:Bombina bombina
1204:
1203:
1199:
1178:Bombina bombina
1173:
1172:
1168:
1143:Bombina bombina
1138:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1104:
1082:
1081:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1050:Bombina bombina
1045:
1044:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1024:. 22 April 2019
1016:Bombina bombina
1012:
1011:
1007:
997:
995:
971:Bombina bombina
965:
964:
960:
956:
941:Rana temporaria
934:
933:
841:
682:
663:
656:
652:
649:
647:
568:
462:
429:
425:
422:
420:
417:
396:Bombina bombina
383:
382:
359:Bombina bombina
231:Buffo ignicolor
214:
190:
183:
179:Bombina bombina
177:
164:
161:B. bombina
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2598:
2596:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2533:
2520:
2507:
2494:
2478:
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2470:
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2466:
2453:
2440:
2427:
2414:
2401:
2388:
2375:
2362:
2349:
2336:
2323:
2310:
2301:Fauna Europaea
2297:
2284:
2271:
2258:
2245:
2232:
2222:
2209:
2196:
2183:
2168:
2152:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2131:
2130:
2125:Academic Press
2119:(1 ed.).
2107:
2047:
2032:
1995:): 1327–1360.
1965:
1906:
1849:
1775:
1726:
1654:
1627:(4): 339–345.
1603:
1530:
1519:(3): 197–210.
1499:
1469:
1430:
1404:
1390:
1367:
1344:
1321:
1298:
1276:
1249:
1224:
1197:
1166:
1155:(1): 109–110.
1131:
1102:
1068:
1035:
1005:
957:
955:
952:
913:including the
840:
837:
813:ephermal ponds
797:seasonal ponds
791:and behavior.
681:
678:
644:metamorphosing
567:
564:
498:Marmara Region
490:Ural Mountains
482:Volga District
470:Eastern Europe
461:
458:
416:
413:
385:
384:
381:
380:
364:
356:
354:(Prazák, 1898)
348:
340:
332:
330:(Schinz, 1837)
324:
322:(Schinz, 1833)
316:
308:
306:(Wagler, 1830)
300:
298:(Cuvier, 1829)
284:
276:
274:(Merrem, 1820)
268:
266:(Pallas, 1814)
260:
258:(Daudin, 1802)
255:Bufo pluvialis
252:
244:
236:
228:
215:
212:
211:
208:
207:
201:
200:
192:
191:
184:
173:
172:
166:
165:
158:
156:
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
137:Bombinatoridae
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
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79:
66:
65:
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35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
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3:
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2534:
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2033:
2028:
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2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1936:: 1551–1555.
1935:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
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1634:
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1626:
1622:
1619:(Linnaeus)".
1618:
1614:
1607:
1604:
1599:
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1363:
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1357:
1354:"Recovery of
1348:
1345:
1340:
1336:
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1325:
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1317:
1313:
1309:
1302:
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1103:
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927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
903:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
877:antibacterial
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:
852:B. orientalis
848:
847:
838:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
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717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
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693:
692:
687:
679:
661:
645:
641:
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
588:invertebrates
585:
581:
577:
573:
565:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
536:Least Concern
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
459:
453:
449:
447:
443:
438:
436:
414:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
397:
392:
376:
372:
368:
365:
360:
357:
352:
349:
344:
341:
336:
333:
328:
325:
320:
319:Bufo bombinus
317:
312:
311:Bufo cruentus
309:
304:
301:
296:
292:
288:
285:
282:(Sturm, 1828)
280:
279:Bombina ignea
277:
272:
269:
264:
261:
256:
253:
248:
245:
240:
239:Bufo bombinus
237:
232:
229:
225:
220:
217:
216:
209:
206:
202:
198:
193:
188:
182:
180:
174:
171:
170:Binomial name
167:
163:
162:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2474:Rana bombina
2473:
2147:
2116:
2110:
2065:
2059:
1984:
1978:
1968:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1909:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1845:5nkhrpUAAAAJ
1793:
1787:
1778:
1743:
1739:
1729:
1684:
1680:
1675:B. variegata
1674:
1670:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1568:): 229–246.
1557:
1551:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1493:
1489:
1480:
1472:
1455:
1451:
1424:
1420:
1407:
1393:
1384:
1380:
1370:
1362:ResearchGate
1361:
1355:
1347:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1292:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1259:"Status for
1252:
1238:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1200:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1169:
1152:
1148:
1145:, in Turkey"
1142:
1134:
1122:. Retrieved
1120:. 7 May 2020
1118:Lifeamphicon
1117:
1092:
1086:
1059:. Retrieved
1055:
1049:
1026:. Retrieved
1021:
1015:
1008:
996:. Retrieved
982:
976:
970:
961:
945:
939:
930:B. variegata
929:
926:prokineticin
923:
918:
900:
888:
879:effect. The
869:B. variegata
868:
864:
856:
850:
846:B. variegata
844:
842:
828:
825:B. variegata
824:
821:B. variegata
820:
816:
809:B. variegata
808:
792:
785:hybrid zones
782:
778:B. variegata
777:
773:
749:
738:B. variegata
737:
724:
707:
691:B. variegata
689:
685:
683:
624:
569:
556:Funen County
533:
507:There is an
506:
463:
460:Distribution
439:
418:
395:
394:
390:
388:
374:
370:
366:
358:
350:
342:
334:
327:Bufo bombina
326:
318:
310:
302:
294:
290:
286:
278:
270:
263:Rana cruenta
262:
254:
250:(Shaw, 1802)
246:
238:
230:
219:Rana bombina
218:
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
18:
2353:iNaturalist
2200:AmphibiaWeb
2172:Wikispecies
1871:: 551–568.
1800:: 851–861.
1263:in Denmark"
1056:AmphibiaWeb
998:11 November
911:vertebrates
905:, but also
805:floodplains
801:wet meadows
762:Caspian Sea
756:around the
727:Pleistocene
660: in)).
592:springtails
584:floodplains
446:aposematism
442:Unkenreflex
415:Description
409:aposematism
2559:Categories
2489:Q109525983
2072:: 96–117.
1671:B. bombina
954:References
893:homologues
881:antifungal
865:B. bombina
857:B. bombina
833:vocal sacs
829:B. bombina
817:B. bombina
799:, such as
793:B. bombina
789:morphology
774:B. bombina
766:hybridized
750:B. bombina
686:B. bombina
291:Bombinator
247:Rana ignea
2121:Amsterdam
2086:0196-9781
2027:202020450
2011:1541-4337
1952:0005-2736
1885:0962-1083
1814:1471-0056
1740:Evolution
1582:1010-061X
1458:: 11–23.
897:isomerase
861:bombinins
859:produces
716:transects
704:hybridise
680:Evolution
627:hibernate
580:reed beds
538:" by the
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2483:Wikidata
2371:10597830
2225:BioLib:
2192:pictures
2157:Wikidata
2102:12659095
2094:25464160
2070:Elsevier
2061:Peptides
2019:33336909
1960:19366600
1934:Elsevier
1920:species"
1901:22129817
1893:11298968
1822:17033626
1770:25393054
1762:28568525
1721:33285552
1681:PLOS ONE
1590:23323997
1192:Archived
1124:14 April
1097:Archived
1061:14 April
1028:14 April
770:competed
742:Apennine
736:, where
640:Tadpoles
513:Lorraine
496:and the
494:Bulgaria
435:mottling
224:Linnaeus
205:Synonyms
187:Linnaeus
133:Family:
117:Amphibia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2570:Bombina
2542:1103903
2529:4409472
2332:2423443
2163:Q372267
1918:Bombina
1830:8881255
1712:7721483
1689:Bibcode
1649:3038027
1629:Bibcode
1481:Bombina
1087:bombina
915:chicken
895:of the
754:steppes
746:Balkans
655:⁄
616:leeches
596:beetles
576:marshes
566:Ecology
560:Denmark
525:Moselle
521:Germany
478:Denmark
474:Germany
466:Central
428:⁄
375:bombina
371:Bombina
367:Bombina
295:bombina
226:, 1758)
189:, 1758)
148:Bombina
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
2449:409513
2436:991559
2384:661625
2306:177876
2280:BMBABO
2267:333308
2100:
2092:
2084:
2025:
2017:
2009:
1958:
1950:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1796:(11).
1768:
1760:
1719:
1709:
1647:
1598:830823
1596:
1588:
1580:
889:et al.
748:) and
708:et al.
635:torpor
608:snakes
602:, and
552:Warsaw
517:France
502:Turkey
486:Russia
405:Europe
2516:10862
2511:EUNIS
2503:4RDJX
2366:IRMNG
2358:24495
2288:EUNIS
2254:5WNNB
2241:25181
2098:S2CID
2023:S2CID
1993:Wiley
1987:(5).
1932:(8).
1897:S2CID
1869:Wiley
1867:(3).
1836:ORCID
1834:MAFN
1826:S2CID
1766:S2CID
1645:JSTOR
1594:S2CID
1566:Wiley
1560:(2).
1486:(PDF)
1448:(PDF)
1417:(PDF)
1244:(PDF)
1190:(3).
758:Black
730:epoch
612:birds
600:flies
572:ponds
127:Anura
2537:ITIS
2524:GBIF
2462:2738
2423:8345
2418:NCBI
2397:2865
2392:IUCN
2379:ITIS
2345:1949
2340:GISD
2327:GBIF
2275:EPPO
2236:BOLD
2205:2041
2090:PMID
2082:ISSN
2015:PMID
2007:ISSN
1956:PMID
1948:ISSN
1930:1788
1889:PMID
1881:ISSN
1818:PMID
1810:ISSN
1758:PMID
1717:PMID
1673:and
1586:PMID
1578:ISSN
1126:2022
1063:2022
1030:2022
1000:2021
983:2009
944:and
924:The
867:and
849:and
803:and
768:and
760:and
744:and
631:soil
620:fish
618:and
610:and
604:ants
582:and
574:and
540:IUCN
468:and
389:The
287:Bufo
213:List
2498:CoL
2457:TSA
2405:NBN
2293:637
2262:EoL
2249:CoL
2228:316
2213:ASW
2187:ADW
2074:doi
1997:doi
1938:doi
1873:doi
1802:doi
1748:doi
1707:PMC
1697:doi
1637:doi
1570:doi
1521:doi
1460:doi
1157:doi
987:doi
935:Bv8
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500:of
484:of
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2013:.
2005:.
1985:18
1983:.
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657:2
653:1
650:+
648:1
426:3
423:+
421:2
393:(
369:(
289:(
222:(
185:(
62:)
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