1683:
1671:
1631:, and made available in 1954. Fruit of the more widely used 'Konzentra' are small to medium-sized, mildly aromatic and tart, easier to transport because of their thicker peel, and used for juicing, while fruit of 'Rosina' are larger, sweet and tart, and aromatic, and candied or used in compote. The two cultivars are self-pollinating, yield fruit early, and the sugar content increases while the acid content decreases as the fruit ripen. 'Beissneri' is a cultivar with reddish foliage and bark and serrated leaves. Other edible varieties originate in and are named after
1573:
959:
935:
947:
1330:
93:
1285:. The plant is also resistant to air pollution, wind, and snow pressure. It mostly grows on soil that is moderately dry to moderately damp, acidic, low on nutrients, sandy, and loose. It often grows in stony soil or clay soil, but also sandy soil or wet peat. The plant grows best on fresh, loose, and fertile soil, prefers average humidity, and does not tolerate saline soil or waterlogging. It can be found in light woodland of all kinds and as a
235:
68:
44:
1150:
870: in) in diameter that ripen from August to October. The fruit are green before they ripen and then typically turn to orange or scarlet in color. The sepals persist as a black, five-pointed star on the ripe fruit. A corymb carries 80 to 100 pomes. A pome contains a star-shaped ovary with two to five
766:
to 1 in) wide with a sharply serrated edge, and have short stems or sit close to the central vein except for the outermost leaflet. Leaflets are covered in gray-silvery hairs after sprouting but become mostly bare after they unfold. Their upper side is dark green and their underside is a grayish
1697:
The wood is used for cartwright's work, turner's work, and woodcarving. Wood can be used from trees as young as 20 years. The sapwood is golden and white, while the heart-wood is brown. In almost treeless regions it is used as firewood. The leaves are sometimes used as fodder for livestock while the
676:
inches) in diameter, and the branches stick out and are slanted upwards. The bark of a young plant is yellowish gray and gleaming and becomes gray-black with lengthwise cracks in advanced age; it descales in small flakes. Lenticels in the bark are elongated and colored a bright ocher. The plant does
1713:
It is also used as an ornamental plant in parks, gardens, or as an avenue tree. Ornamental cultivars include 'Asplenifolia', which has divided and sharply serrated leaflets, 'Blackhawk', which has large fruit and dark green foliage, 'Fastigiata', which has an upright columnar form, 'Fructu Luteo',
1771:
were believed to ward off evil spirits and witches. The plant was called "the witch" in
England and dowsing rods to find ores were made out of its wood. Twigs were used to drive cattle to the pasture for the first time in spring to ensure their health and fertility. The wooden shafts of forks and
1608:
and became widespread in
Germany and Austria the early 20th century. Its leaves are larger and pointed, only the front part of the leaflets is serrated, and they have darker bark, larger buds and larger fruit. Similar non-bitter varieties found in Southern Russia were first introduced in Central
1546:
Fresh fruit are usually not tasty, but they can be debittered and made into compote, jelly, jam, a tangy syrup, a tart chutney, or juice, as well as wine and liqueur, or used for tea or to make flour. Fruit are served as a side dish to lamb or game. Debittering can be accomplished by freezing,
1661:
and oak bark to create herb beer. Fruits are eaten as a mash in small amounts against lack of appetite or an upset stomach and stimulate production of gastric acid. In folk medicine they are used as a laxative, against rheumatism and kidney disease, and as a gargled juice against hoarseness.
788: in) and have flossy to felted hairs. These hairs, which disappear over time, cover dark brown to black bud scales. The terminal buds are oval and pointed and larger than axillary buds, which are narrow, oval and pointed, close to the twig, and often curved towards it.
1337:
The species is pollinated by bees and flies. Its seeds are not digested by birds and are thus propagated by being passed intact in their droppings. The fruit are eaten by about 60 bird species and several mammals. They are liked particularly by
685:. It is diffuse-porous, flexible, elastic, and tough, but not durable, with a density of 600 to 700 kilograms per cubic metre (1,000 to 1,200 pounds per cubic yard) in a dried state. The roots grow wide and deep, and the plant is capable of
1772:
other farm implements were constructed from the species to protect farm animals and production from witches' spells. In weather lore, a year with plentiful rowan fruit would have a good grain harvest but be followed by a severe winter.
1313:. This tree stands at more than 15 m (49 ft) tall, is around 100 years old, and has a diameter of 70 cm (28 in). The tallest known specimen in Ireland is an 18 m (59 ft) tall specimen at
1289:
over fallen dead trees or in clearcuttings, and at the edge of forests or at the sides of roads. The seeds germinate easily, so the plant may appear on inaccessible rock, ruins, branch forks, or on hollow trees.
1542:
fruits have been used in the traditional
Austrian medicine internally (as tea, syrup, jelly or liqueur) for treatment of disorders of the respiratory tract, fever, infections, colds, flu, rheumatism and gout.
2306:
1622:
Two widespread cultivars of the
Moravian variety are 'Konzentra' and 'Rosina', which were selected beginning in 1946 by the Institut für Gartenbau Dresden-Pillnitz, an agricultural research institute in
605:
of the species to include or exclude trees native to certain areas. A recent definition includes trees native to most of Europe and parts of Asia, as well as northern Africa. The range extends from
643:, and as fodder for livestock. Its tough and flexible wood has traditionally been used for woodworking. It is planted to fortify soil in mountain regions or as an ornamental tree and has several
632:
as fruit that ripen from August to
October and are eaten by many bird species. The plant is undemanding and frost hardy and colonizes disrupted and inaccessible places as a short-lived
958:
1810:
1650:
with other species to create fruit trees. His experiments resulted in the cultivars 'Burka', 'Likjornaja', 'Dessertnaja', 'Granatnaja', 'Rubinovaja', and 'Titan'. Other
1534:
irritates the gastric mucosa. Pharmacist
Mannfried Pahlow wrote that he doubted the toxicity of the fruit but advised against consuming large amounts. The fruit contain
1305:. This exceptional specimen is 28 m (92 ft) tall and has a trunk diameter of 56 cm (22 in). In Germany, an unusually large specimen is located near
795:. It reaches maturity at age 10 and carries ample fruit almost every year. The plant flowers from May to June (on occasion again in September) in many yellowish white
662:
is loose and roundish or irregularly shaped but wide and the plant often grows multiple trunks. A trunk is slender and cylindrical and reaches up to 40 centimetres (
726: in) wide. They have paired leaf-like stipules at the base of the petiole, and are arranged alternately along a branch, distinguishing them from those of ash,
2516:
1702:
infections in domestic pigs and goats. Bark of the plant was used to dye wool brown or red. Honey from the flowers is strongly aromatic and has a reddish color.
4087:
2509:
4282:
3744:
991:
1682:
1654:
hybrids planted in
Western Europe beginning in the 1980s include 'Apricot Queen', 'Brilliant Yellow', 'Chamois Glow', 'Pink Queen', and 'Salmon Queen'.
3950:
1438:, a medium-size tree with elongated leaves and one to three pairs of leaflets that are sometimes fused at the central vein, which is a hybrid with
4012:
3963:
2338:
2329:
1551:. The fruit are red colored in August but usually only harvested in October after the first frost by cutting the corymbs. The robust qualities of
934:
4169:
3684:
3646:
3439:
3420:
3363:
3344:
3189:
3170:
3052:
Lancashire Folk-lore: Illustrative of the
Superstitious Beliefs and Practices, Local Customs and Usages of the People of the County Palatine
2474:
4332:
1200:
3924:
3086:
2683:
Vogl S, Picker P, Mihaly-Bison J, Fakhrudin N, Atanasov AG, Heiss EH, Wawrosch C, Reznicek G, Dirsch VM, Saukel J, Kopp B (Oct 2013).
4327:
3722:
3703:
3665:
3627:
3608:
3560:
3541:
3522:
3503:
3477:
3458:
3401:
3382:
3325:
3306:
3287:
3275:
3265:
3246:
3227:
3208:
3151:
3132:
3113:
3016:
2979:
2376:
1949:
775:. The leaflets are asymmetrical at the bottom. The foliage grows in May and turns yellow in autumn or a dark red in dry locations.
677:
not often grow older than 80 years and is one of the shortest-lived trees in temperate climate. The wood has a wide reddish white
4292:
1275:. It has naturalized in America from Washington to Alaska and eastward in Canada and the northeast of the US very successfully.
3999:
4317:
4231:
4053:
4148:
1670:
946:
4017:
2619:
799:
that contain about 250 flowers. The corymbs are large, upright, and bulging. The flowers are between 8 and 10 millimetres (
4074:
2334:
1092:
2892:
4195:
3849:
3813:
1722:
1643:
2520:
4312:
4236:
4182:
1469:
produces leaf galls. The leaves are not palatable to insects, but are used by insect larvae, including by the moth
602:
4092:
2969:
712:
central vein and with a terminal leaflet. The leaves are up to 20 cm (8 in) long, 8 to 12 cm (3 to
4307:
4302:
4048:
2615:
1913:"rowan noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at"
1281:
is an undemanding species and can withstand shade. It is frost hardy and can tolerate winter dryness and a brief
823:
that are covered in hairs or bare. The five round or oval petals are yellowish white and the flower has up to 25
3047:
2293:[A Late-Tertiary Conifer-Hardwood Forest From the Vicinity of Güvem Village, Near Kızılcahamam, Ankara]
1721:‘Sheerwater Seedling', an upright and slender cultivar, and 'Wisley Gold' with yellow fruits, have received the
4322:
4297:
1477:
92:
4187:
1465:
1374:. Cloven-hoofed game also excessively browse foliage and bark. The plant roots can be found in symbiosis with
2291:"Ankara, Kızılcahamam yakınındaki Güvem köyü civarında bulunan son tersiyer kozalaklı-yeşil yapraklı ormanı"
1385:
It is usually later superseded by larger forest trees. In
Central Europe it often grows in association with
3942:
3831:
732:, which are opposite and without stipules. The leaflets are elongated-lanceolate in shape, 2 to 6 cm (
3937:
3864:
3756:
1453:
1428:
1310:
3854:
1563:, recommended the planting of the species in 1779. The oldest Finnish candy still commercially produced,
3968:
2320:
1726:
1375:
658:
is a small tree or shrub that grows up to between about 5 and 15 metres (16 and 49 feet) in height. The
209:
3794:
1861:
1459:
1912:
1883:
1783:
in May to protect livestock from evil, and rowan trees were planted in pastures for similar purposes.
1572:
624:
in pairs of leaflets on a central vein with a terminal leaflet. It blossoms from May to June in dense
4102:
3898:
1426:, a small tree with oval serrated leaves and two to three pairs of leaflets, which is a hybrid with
874:
each containing one or two flat, narrow, and pointed reddish seeds. The flesh of the fruit contains
2943:
1422:
1272:
836:
57:
4066:
2917:
1601:
1538:, which can be used as a sugar substitute by diabetics, but its production is no longer relevant.
4254:
3890:
3576:
2478:
2290:
1434:
1367:
1343:
1302:
1107:
728:
247:
87:
4246:
4174:
1802:
1714:
which has orange yellow fruit, 'Michred', which has brilliant red fruit, 'Pendula', which is a
4123:
4030:
3872:
3718:
3699:
3680:
3661:
3642:
3623:
3604:
3556:
3537:
3518:
3499:
3473:
3454:
3435:
3416:
3397:
3378:
3359:
3340:
3321:
3302:
3283:
3261:
3242:
3223:
3204:
3185:
3166:
3147:
3128:
3109:
3082:
3031:
3012:
2975:
2722:
2372:
1945:
1798:
1776:
1560:
1417:
1386:
918:
620:
The tree has a slender trunk with smooth bark, a loose and roundish crown, and its leaves are
4128:
3585:
3491:
3490:(1997). "Marie de France, Geirmundar þáttr heljarskinns, and reader-response criticism". In
2712:
2704:
1856:
1764:
1486:
1471:
1363:
1240:
1214:
1186:
705:
565:
536:
3991:
4287:
4110:
1609:
Europe in 1900 as 'Rossica' and 'Rossica Major', which has large fruit up to 1.5 cm (
1548:
1531:
1394:
1351:
1318:
1286:
887:
633:
559:
130:
1838:
1189:): has thin, sparsely hairy leaflets and depressed-globose fruit, restricted to Bulgaria
4156:
2717:
2684:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1632:
1597:
1493:
1398:
1379:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1282:
1111:, also called mountain ash, native to Tasmania and Victoria in southeastern Australia.
965:
840:
678:
659:
614:
234:
117:
4276:
4025:
3590:
3571:
1847:
1636:
1628:
1556:
1339:
1268:
1252:
1248:
1154:
1138:
1017:
640:
225:
77:
72:
3738:
1705:
The species is planted in mountain ranges to fortify landslide and avalanche zones.
43:
4259:
4161:
3877:
3513:
Neuweiler, Reto; Röthlisberger, Kurt; Rusterholz, Peter; Terrettaz, Roland (2000).
3055:
1715:
1402:
1390:
1217:): has hairy leaflets and ovoid fruit, found in Southern Italy, Sicily, and Corsica
1028:
895:
639:
The fruit and foliage have been used in the creation of dishes and beverages, as a
3818:
3805:
3146:(in German). Translated by Wolfgang Steuer (2nd ed.). Stuttgart: DRW-Verlag.
4200:
4040:
3006:
1732:
Cultivars are vegetatively propagated via cuttings, grafting, or shield budding.
1203:& Grab.): less hairy, found in Northern Europe and Central European mountains
4223:
4079:
4061:
3976:
3788:
3487:
2611:
1699:
1658:
1518:
were used in the past to lure and catch birds. To humans, the fruit are bitter,
1498:
1440:
1115:
879:
772:
686:
594:
1149:
1114:
The common name mountain ash dates from the 16th century. It was first used by
4138:
2708:
1794:
1748:
1576:
Comparison of fruit from an edible cultivar (left) and a roadside tree (right)
1523:
1519:
1482:
883:
875:
832:
792:
17:
3929:
3779:
3911:
1790:
1263:. In the Alps it grows at elevations of up to 2,000 m (6,600 ft).
1260:
1256:
911:
907:
690:
682:
617:. Unlike many plants with similar distributions, it is not native to Japan.
590:
4213:
3698:(in German). Translated by Jürgen Ostmeyer (3rd ed.). Hanau: Dausien.
2726:
1329:
819: in) in diameter and have five small, yellowish green, and triangular
4208:
3841:
3773:
3199:
Erlbeck, Reinhold; Haseder, Ilse E.; Stinglwagner, Gerhard K. F. (1998).
2092:
1757:
1535:
1359:
1355:
1239:, but it is not native to Southern Spain, Southern Greece, Sardinia, the
1232:
1097:
1095:. The species is not closely related to either the true ash trees (genus
999:
899:
768:
644:
598:
176:
143:
4115:
1760:
by grabbing hold of a rowan, which became known as "Thor's protection".
709:
3955:
3885:
1687:
1605:
1565:
1371:
1347:
1236:
1102:
1048:
701:
621:
606:
166:
3981:
3826:
2693:
anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs"
1624:
1527:
1244:
995:
903:
891:
871:
824:
796:
697:
625:
610:
186:
156:
3750:
3377:. Früchte, Knospen, Rinden (in German) (3rd ed.). Munich: BLV.
3570:
Raspé, Olivier; Findlay, Catherine; Jacquemart, Anne-Laure (2000).
4004:
3916:
1741:
1681:
1669:
1571:
1328:
1148:
1080:
1011:
835:
and an ovary with two to five styles; the style is fused with the
828:
820:
104:
3743:- information, genetic conservation units and related resources.
1780:
1753:
1118:
in 1597, translating it directly from the then botanists' Latin
847:
629:
3903:
3754:
3555:(in German). Translated by Erhard Held. Ravensburg: O. Maier.
2974:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Inc. pp. 137–138.
1362:. The fruit are eaten by migratory birds in winter, including
577:
548:
574:
2840:
Neuweiler, Röthlisberger, Rusterholz, Terrettaz 2000, p. 214
1401:. The plant is highly flammable and tends not to accumulate
1893:. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017
545:
1789:
is used in the coats of arms of the German municipalities
1271:
at the arctic tree line; in Norway, it is found up to the
3536:(in German) (Revised ed.). Munich: Gräfe und Unzer.
1756:
saves himself from a rapid river created by the giantess
1555:
make it a source for fruit in harsh mountain climate and
1251:. The species was introduced as an ornamental species in
3260:(in German) (1st ed.). Melsungen: Neumann-Neudamm.
2689:
studies on
Austria's folk medicine - An unexplored lore
1569:, is named after and originally contained rowanberries.
1259:
where it grows as the only deciduous tree species among
1175:: found in most of the species' range, less in the South
628:
of small yellowish white flowers and develops small red
2307:
General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration
1779:, boughs of rowan were traditionally taken into cattle
1227:(Hedl.): nearly hairless, found in North Eastern Russia
3717:(in German) (10th ed.). Munich: Gräfe und Unzer.
1255:. It is widespread from plains to mountains up to the
27:
Species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae
3599:
Reichholf, Josef H.; Steinbach, Gunter, eds. (1992).
3282:(in German) (23rd ed.). Berlin, Hamburg: Parey.
1043:
for "catching" and describes the use of the fruit of
843:
smell. Their nectar is high in fructose and glucose.
3498:. Paris: Presses de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne.
2949:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 98
1718:, and 'Xanthocarpa', which has orange yellow fruit.
1083:
and mountain ash may be applied to other species in
571:
542:
3763:
568:
539:
3123:Aichele, Dietmar; Golte-Bechtle, Marianne (1997).
1862:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T61957558A112304840.en
1811:coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan
3675:Ullrich, Bernd; Kühn, Uwe; Kühn, Stefan (2009).
3127:(in German) (56th ed.). Stuttgart: Kosmos.
2299:Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration
2251:
2249:
1231:It can be found in almost all of Europe and the
3396:(in German) (1st ed.). Stuttgart: Kosmos.
1497:feeds on the leaves. The plant can suffer from
3696:Dausien's grosses Buch der Bäume und Sträucher
3256:Friedrich, Gerhard; Schuricht, Werner (1989).
3058:and T. T. Wilkinson (London, 1867), pp. 72–74.
2800:
2798:
2796:
2777:
2775:
2517:Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine
2477:. Chilterns Conservation Board. Archived from
3517:(in German) (1st ed.). Zollikofen: LmZ.
3079:Western Scottish Folklore & Superstitions
8:
3048:"The Mountain Ash, or Wicken or Wiggen Tree"
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2610:Alan Watson Featherstone (8 November 2010).
2448:
2446:
2444:
1931:
1929:
1526:. They have vitamin C, so they prevent
767:green and felted. Young leaflets smell like
3745:European Forest Genetic Resources Programme
3106:Enzyklopädie der Garten- und Zimmerpflanzen
3081:. Maple Shade NJ: Lethe Press. p. 92.
2871:Enzyklopädie der Garten- und Zimmerpflanzen
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2275:
2273:
2234:Erlbeck, Haseder, Stinglwagner 1998, p. 167
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2102:. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland.
2068:
2066:
2030:Erlbeck, Haseder, Stinglwagner 1998, p. 166
1342:and other songbirds, and are also eaten by
1091:, and mountain ash may be used for several
968:range holding its fruit through late autumn
3751:
3603:(in German). Vol. 7. Munich: Mosaik.
3358:(in German) (14th ed.). Munich: BLV.
3239:Landscape Plants for Eastern North America
3038:, ed. William Hone (London, 1827), p. 337.
3000:
2998:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2460:
2458:
2386:
2384:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2056:
1596:Dippel, was first discovered in 1810 near
778:The buds are often longer than 1 cm (
233:
66:
42:
31:
3641:(in German) (1st ed.). Munich: BLV.
3622:(in German) (8th ed.). Munich: BLV.
3589:
3453:(in German) (2nd ed.). Munich: BLV.
3320:(in German). Augsburg: Naturbuch-Verlag.
3301:(in German). Augsburg: Naturbuch-Verlag.
3165:(in German). Berlin: Stiftung Warentest.
3011:. Oxford University Press, Incorporated.
2747:
2745:
2716:
2263:
2261:
2150:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2022:
1860:
1657:The leaves were fermented with leaves of
2866:
2864:
2639:
2637:
2612:"Trees for Life - Rowan Species Profile"
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1627:, from 75 specimens found mostly in the
51:A roadside tree with berries in Ireland
3182:Welche Wildkräuter und Beeren sind das?
2570:Raspé, Findlay, Jacquemart 2000, p. 913
2429:Raspé, Findlay, Jacquemart 2000, p. 915
2406:Raspé, Findlay, Jacquemart 2000, p. 911
2339:United States Department of Agriculture
2330:Germplasm Resources Information Network
2279:Raspé, Findlay, Jacquemart 2000, p. 916
2202:Raspé, Findlay, Jacquemart 2000, p. 910
1829:
1547:cooking, or drying, which degrades the
930:
597:. It is a highly variable species, and
332:(C.K.Schneid.) M.F.Fay & Christenh.
260:
2605:
2603:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
940:Saplings showing the typical leaf form
756: in) long, and 1 to 2.5 cm (
3258:Seltenes Kern-, Stein- und Beerenobst
2622:from the original on 27 February 2002
992:fossil flora of Kızılcahamam district
7:
4237:e757fe22-2b1d-4b96-979b-7938e1bbfd0c
4103:f9dbf398-6330-4531-a604-64425052dd97
3551:Paul, Anthony; Rees, Yvonne (1990).
1297:in the United Kingdom stands in the
4283:IUCN Red List least concern species
3394:Essbare Wildbeeren und Wildpflanzen
2369:A Dictionary of English Plant Names
1848:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1742:Rowan § Mythology and folklore
1646:began in 1905 to crossbreed common
681:and a light brown to reddish brown
609:, the British Isles and Iceland to
3432:Essbare & giftige Wildpflanzen
3108:(in German). Munich: Orbis. 1994.
2464:Aichele, Golte-Bechtle 1997, p. 78
25:
3278:(1972). von Weihe, Konrad (ed.).
3201:Das Kosmos Wald- und Forstlexikon
2822:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 277
2813:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 276
2124:Reichholf, Steinbach 1992, p. 103
1051:. The plant is commonly known as
839:. The flowers have an unpleasant
308:(Koehne) M.F.Fay & Christenh.
4188:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:741641-1
3591:10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00502.x
3415:(in German). Stuttgart: Kosmos.
3318:Einheimische Bäume und Sträucher
3203:(in German). Stuttgart: Kosmos.
3184:(in German). Stuttgart: Kosmos.
2858:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 45
2849:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 42
2804:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 41
2790:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 40
2781:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 38
2769:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 37
2597:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 44
2588:Friedrich, Schuricht 1989, p. 43
1915:. Oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
1837:Rivers, M.C.; Beech, E. (2017).
1580:A more palatable variety, named
957:
945:
933:
564:
535:
91:
3534:Das große Buch der Heilpflanzen
3434:(in German). Stuttgart: Ulmer.
3339:(in German). Stuttgart: Ulmer.
3222:(in German). Stuttgart: Ulmer.
2499:Ullrich, Kühn, Kühn 2009, p. 29
1942:: Mountain Ash and other Rowans
1035:, which derives from the words
1023:is composed of the Latin words
340:(Kom.) M.F.Fay & Christenh.
316:(Kom.) M.F.Fay & Christenh.
3660:(in German). Cologne: Tigris.
3515:Beeren und besondere Obstarten
3032:"Witchcraft: The Mountain Ash"
3008:Dictionary of English folklore
3005:Simpson, J.; Roud, S. (2000).
1127:was previously categorized as
1:
2510:"Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.)"
2335:Agricultural Research Service
1164:is found in five subspecies:
1093:other distantly related trees
990:have been described from the
3620:Der große BLV-Pflanzenführer
3161:Breckwoldt, Michael (2011).
2697:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1457:and the mountain-ash sawfly
1420:can result; hybrids include
1333:Damage caused by game animal
4333:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3413:Welche Heilpflanze ist das?
3237:Flint, Harrison L. (1997).
3125:Das neue Was blüht denn da?
2971:Handbook of Norse Mythology
1723:Royal Horticultural Society
1644:Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin
1604:mountain range of Northern
1522:, laxative, diuretic and a
1408:Other species of the genus
1059:, and has also been called
704:with four to nine pairs of
4349:
3679:(in German). Munich: BLV.
3639:Wildpflanzen neu entdecken
3532:Pahlow, Mannfried (1993).
3472:(in German). Munich: BLV.
3335:Godet, Jean-Denis (2008).
3316:Godet, Jean-Denis (1998).
3297:Godet, Jean-Denis (1994).
3180:Dreyer, Eva-Maria (2009).
3142:Hora, Bayard, ed. (1993).
2301:(in Turkish and English).
1891:Plants of the World Online
1739:
1235:up to Northern Russia and
1009:
850:between 8 and 10 mm (
3694:Větvička, Václav (1995).
3677:Unsere 500 ältesten Bäume
3601:Naturenzyklopädie Europas
3468:Lohmann, Michael (2005).
3430:Kremer, Bruno P. (2010).
3411:Hensel, Wolfgang (2007).
3392:Henschel, Detlev (2002).
3218:Fischer, Manfred (1995).
2944:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
2709:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007
2289:Kasaplıgil, Baki (1977).
1936:McAllister, H.A. (2005).
1855:: e.T61957558A112304840.
1451:are the apple fruit moth
689:and can regenerate after
253:
246:
241:
232:
215:
208:
88:Scientific classification
86:
64:
55:
50:
41:
34:
4328:Plants described in 1753
3637:Scherf, Gertrud (2006).
3618:Schauer, Thomas (2001).
1478:Coleophora anatipennella
1466:Gymnosporangium cornutum
1145:Distribution and habitat
4293:Flora of temperate Asia
3658:Naturführer Deutschland
3449:Laudert, Doris (1999).
3373:Hecker, Ulrich (1995).
2882:Paul, Rees 1990, p. 141
2358:Breckwoldt 2011, p. 152
2255:Breckwoldt 2011, p. 153
1809:. Rowan is part of the
1698:fruit are used against
1693:with visible heart-wood
1678:with visible heart-wood
1619: in) in diameter.
1475:, the case-bearer moth
1378:and less commonly with
1105:leaves, or the species
3713:Zauner, Georg (2000).
3656:Smolik, H. W. (1996).
3077:Napier, James (2008).
2897:'Sheerwater Seedling'"
2685:"Ethnopharmacological
2519:. 2001. Archived from
1694:
1679:
1577:
1454:Argyresthia conjugella
1412:easily hybridize with
1376:arbuscular mycorrhizal
1334:
1311:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1158:
846:Its berries are round
4318:Flora of the Pyrenees
3470:Bäume & Sträucher
2968:Lindow, John (2001).
2739:Henschel 2002, p. 220
2579:Hora 1993, p. 185–186
2415:Větvička 1995, p. 200
1813:and the logo of both
1727:Award of Garden Merit
1685:
1673:
1575:
1332:
1267:appears north of the
1152:
1065:European mountain-ash
593:tree or shrub in the
3715:GU-Kompass Laubbäume
3572:"Sorbus aucuparia L"
3220:Farbatlas Obstsorten
2831:Fischer 1995, p. 213
1964:Schauer 2001, p. 342
1101:), which also carry
998:, which is of early
910:. The seeds contain
708:on either side of a
601:have used different
457:terminalidenticulata
373:flavescentimarginata
337:Pyrus camschatcensis
273:Aucuparia silvestris
3375:Bäume und Sträucher
3356:Bäume und Sträucher
3354:Harz, Kurt (2009).
3299:Bäume und Sträucher
3163:Essen aus der Natur
3067:Scherf 2006, p. 58.
2893:"RHS Plantfinder -
2760:Pahlow 1993, p. 105
2751:Dreyer 2009, p. 108
2673:Laudert 1999, p. 84
2657:Pahlow 1993, p. 106
2561:Lohmann 2005, p. 61
2545:Laudert 1999, p. 81
2536:Lohmann 2005, p. 60
2452:Laudert 1999, p. 83
2438:Laudert 1999, p. 80
2267:Hensel 2007, p. 112
2243:Garcke 1972, p. 722
2142:Hecker 1995, p. 130
2081:Laudert 1999, p. 57
1447:The main pests for
1435:S. thuringiaca
1429:Sorbus × intermedia
1273:71st parallel north
1157:in the Italian Alps
393:Sorbus bachmarensis
281:Crataegus aucuparia
58:Conservation status
3577:Journal of Ecology
3337:Knospen und Zweige
3280:Illustrierte Flora
2643:Flint 1997, p. 641
2481:on 19 October 2015
2184:Kremer 2010, p. 42
2170:Godet 2008, p. 378
2154:Smolik 1996, p. 63
2112:Godet 1994, p. 138
2072:Godet 2008, p. 110
1978:Zauner 2000, p. 52
1944:. Kew Publishing.
1695:
1680:
1674:Freshly cross-cut
1578:
1463:. The rust fungus
1368:spotted nutcracker
1344:cloven-hoofed game
1335:
1303:South East England
1159:
1108:Eucalyptus regnans
1012:Rowan § Names
917:The species has a
729:Fraxinus excelsior
589:, is a species of
529:, commonly called
465:Sorbus caucasigena
453:Sorbus caucasigena
441:Sorbus caucasigena
429:Sorbus caucasigena
421:Sorbus caucasigena
361:Sorbus anadyrensis
289:Mespilus aucuparia
4313:Flora of the Alps
4270:
4269:
4124:Open Tree of Life
3757:Taxon identifiers
3686:978-3-8354-0376-5
3648:978-3-8354-0062-7
3492:Lecouteux, Claude
3441:978-3-8001-5344-2
3422:978-3-440-10798-0
3365:978-3-8354-0479-3
3346:978-3-8001-5778-5
3191:978-3-440-11808-5
3172:978-3-86851-021-8
2390:Hora 1993, p. 184
2367:Grigson G. 1974.
2214:Godet 1998, p. 68
2093:"The Plant Crib,
2060:Godet 1994, p. 52
1777:Scottish folklore
1652:S. aucuparia
1648:S. aucuparia
1642:Russian botanist
1588:Kraetzl, or var.
1561:Habsburg monarchy
1460:Hoplocampa alpina
1418:hybrid speciation
1414:S. aucuparia
1061:Amur mountain-ash
919:chromosome number
896:provitamin A
522:
521:
513:
509:Sorbus subserrata
505:
497:
489:
485:Sorbus lanuginosa
481:
473:
461:
449:
437:
425:
417:
405:
397:
389:
377:
365:
357:
349:
341:
333:
325:
317:
313:Pyrus anadyrensis
309:
301:
297:Pyrenia aucuparia
293:
285:
277:
269:
265:Aucuparia pinnata
242:Distribution map
201:S. aucuparia
81:
16:(Redirected from
4340:
4308:Flora of Iceland
4303:Flora of Ukraine
4263:
4262:
4250:
4249:
4240:
4239:
4227:
4226:
4217:
4216:
4204:
4203:
4191:
4190:
4178:
4177:
4165:
4164:
4152:
4151:
4142:
4141:
4139:Sorbus_aucuparia
4132:
4131:
4119:
4118:
4106:
4105:
4096:
4095:
4083:
4082:
4080:NBNSYS0000003438
4070:
4069:
4057:
4056:
4044:
4043:
4034:
4033:
4021:
4020:
4008:
4007:
3995:
3994:
3985:
3984:
3972:
3971:
3959:
3958:
3946:
3945:
3933:
3932:
3920:
3919:
3907:
3906:
3894:
3893:
3881:
3880:
3868:
3867:
3858:
3857:
3845:
3844:
3835:
3834:
3832:sorbus-aucuparia
3822:
3821:
3809:
3808:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3795:Sorbus aucuparia
3784:
3783:
3782:
3765:Sorbus aucuparia
3752:
3740:Sorbus aucuparia
3728:
3709:
3690:
3671:
3652:
3633:
3614:
3595:
3593:
3566:
3547:
3528:
3509:
3483:
3464:
3445:
3426:
3407:
3388:
3369:
3350:
3331:
3312:
3293:
3271:
3252:
3233:
3214:
3195:
3176:
3157:
3138:
3119:
3093:
3092:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3059:
3045:
3039:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2948:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2895:Sorbus aucuparia
2889:
2883:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2791:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2770:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2740:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2720:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2658:
2655:
2644:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2607:
2598:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2546:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2514:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2453:
2450:
2439:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2416:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2391:
2388:
2379:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2323:Sorbus aucuparia
2317:
2311:
2310:
2296:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2268:
2265:
2256:
2253:
2244:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2215:
2212:
2203:
2200:
2185:
2182:
2171:
2168:
2155:
2152:
2143:
2140:
2125:
2122:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2061:
2058:
2031:
2028:
1997:
1996:Harz 2009, p. 72
1994:
1979:
1976:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1886:Sorbus aucuparia
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1841:Sorbus aucuparia
1834:
1765:English folklore
1752:, the Norse god
1691:Sorbus aucuparia
1676:Sorbus aucuparia
1618:
1617:
1613:
1582:Sorbus aucuparia
1540:Sorbus aucuparia
1472:Venusia cambrica
1423:Sorbus × hybrida
1364:Bohemian waxwing
1241:Balearic Islands
1221:Sorbus aucuparia
1207:Sorbus aucuparia
1193:Sorbus aucuparia
1185:(Georgiev &
1179:Sorbus aucuparia
1169:Sorbus aucuparia
1162:Sorbus aucuparia
1135:Sorbus aucuparia
1120:Montana fraxinus
1021:Sorbus aucuparia
988:Sorbus aucuparia
964:Specimen in the
961:
949:
937:
869:
868:
864:
859:
858:
854:
818:
817:
813:
808:
807:
803:
787:
786:
782:
765:
764:
760:
755:
754:
750:
747:
741:
740:
736:
725:
724:
720:
717:
675:
674:
670:
667:
656:Sorbus aucuparia
584:
583:
580:
579:
576:
573:
570:
563:
555:
554:
551:
550:
547:
544:
541:
526:Sorbus aucuparia
511:
503:
495:
493:Sorbus monticola
487:
479:
471:
459:
447:
435:
423:
415:
413:apicidenticulata
409:Sorbus boissieri
403:
401:Sorbus boissieri
395:
387:
381:Sorbus aucuparia
375:
369:Sorbus aucuparia
363:
355:
347:
345:Pyrus lanuginosa
339:
331:
323:
315:
307:
299:
291:
283:
275:
267:
237:
221:
219:Sorbus aucuparia
96:
95:
75:
70:
69:
46:
36:Sorbus aucuparia
32:
21:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4323:Trees of Europe
4298:Flora of Europe
4273:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4258:
4253:
4245:
4243:
4235:
4230:
4222:
4220:
4212:
4207:
4199:
4194:
4186:
4181:
4173:
4168:
4160:
4155:
4147:
4145:
4137:
4135:
4127:
4122:
4114:
4111:Observation.org
4109:
4101:
4099:
4091:
4086:
4078:
4073:
4065:
4060:
4052:
4047:
4039:
4038:MichiganFlora:
4037:
4029:
4024:
4016:
4011:
4003:
3998:
3990:
3988:
3980:
3975:
3967:
3962:
3954:
3949:
3941:
3936:
3928:
3923:
3915:
3910:
3902:
3897:
3889:
3884:
3876:
3871:
3863:
3861:
3853:
3848:
3840:
3838:
3830:
3825:
3817:
3812:
3804:
3802:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3759:
3735:
3725:
3712:
3706:
3693:
3687:
3674:
3668:
3655:
3649:
3636:
3630:
3617:
3611:
3598:
3569:
3563:
3553:Bäume im Garten
3550:
3544:
3531:
3525:
3512:
3506:
3486:
3480:
3467:
3461:
3448:
3442:
3429:
3423:
3410:
3404:
3391:
3385:
3372:
3366:
3353:
3347:
3334:
3328:
3315:
3309:
3296:
3290:
3274:
3268:
3255:
3249:
3236:
3230:
3217:
3211:
3198:
3192:
3179:
3173:
3160:
3154:
3141:
3135:
3122:
3116:
3104:
3101:
3096:
3089:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3046:
3042:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2869:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2661:
2656:
2647:
2642:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2523:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2456:
2451:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2394:
2389:
2382:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2271:
2266:
2259:
2254:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2188:
2183:
2174:
2169:
2158:
2153:
2146:
2141:
2128:
2123:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2091:Rich, T. C. G.
2090:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2064:
2059:
2034:
2029:
2000:
1995:
1982:
1977:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1918:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1803:Vysočina Region
1744:
1738:
1711:
1668:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1592:Dieck, or var.
1559:, ruler of the
1549:parasorbic acid
1532:parasorbic acid
1512:
1507:
1380:ectomycorrhizal
1352:European badger
1327:
1319:County Limerick
1309:, a village in
1287:pioneer species
1147:
1129:Pyrus aucuparia
1039:for "bird" and
1014:
1008:
984:
979:
974:
973:
972:
969:
962:
953:
950:
941:
938:
888:parasorbic acid
866:
862:
861:
856:
852:
851:
827:fused with the
815:
811:
810:
805:
801:
800:
791:The species is
784:
780:
779:
762:
758:
757:
752:
748:
745:
743:
738:
734:
733:
722:
718:
715:
713:
672:
668:
665:
663:
653:
634:pioneer species
567:
558:
557:
538:
534:
518:
501:Sorbus sibirica
424:Kom. ex Gatsch.
329:Pyrus boissieri
321:Pyrus aucuparia
259:
258:
228:
223:
217:
204:
90:
82:
71:
67:
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4346:
4344:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4275:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4260:wfo-0001016186
4251:
4241:
4228:
4218:
4205:
4192:
4179:
4166:
4153:
4143:
4133:
4120:
4107:
4097:
4084:
4071:
4058:
4045:
4035:
4022:
4009:
3996:
3986:
3973:
3960:
3947:
3934:
3921:
3908:
3895:
3882:
3869:
3859:
3846:
3836:
3823:
3810:
3800:
3785:
3769:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3734:
3733:External links
3731:
3730:
3729:
3723:
3710:
3704:
3691:
3685:
3672:
3666:
3653:
3647:
3634:
3628:
3615:
3609:
3596:
3584:(5): 910–930.
3567:
3561:
3548:
3542:
3529:
3523:
3510:
3504:
3484:
3478:
3465:
3459:
3446:
3440:
3427:
3421:
3408:
3402:
3389:
3383:
3370:
3364:
3351:
3345:
3332:
3326:
3313:
3307:
3294:
3288:
3276:Garcke, August
3272:
3266:
3253:
3247:
3234:
3228:
3215:
3209:
3196:
3190:
3177:
3171:
3158:
3152:
3144:Bäume der Welt
3139:
3133:
3120:
3114:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3088:978-1590210543
3087:
3069:
3060:
3040:
3036:The Table Book
3024:
3017:
2994:
2980:
2960:
2935:
2922:'Wisley Gold'"
2909:
2884:
2875:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2792:
2783:
2771:
2762:
2753:
2741:
2732:
2675:
2659:
2645:
2633:
2616:Trees for Life
2599:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2526:on 2009-05-30.
2501:
2492:
2475:"Record Rowan"
2466:
2454:
2440:
2431:
2417:
2408:
2392:
2380:
2360:
2351:
2312:
2281:
2269:
2257:
2245:
2236:
2216:
2204:
2186:
2172:
2156:
2144:
2126:
2114:
2105:
2083:
2074:
2062:
2032:
1998:
1980:
1966:
1957:
1950:
1925:
1904:
1875:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1819:Wigan Warriors
1815:Wigan Athletic
1807:Czech Republic
1740:Main article:
1737:
1734:
1710:
1707:
1667:
1664:
1633:Klosterneuburg
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1494:Cornu aspersum
1395:Eurasian aspen
1387:red elderberry
1326:
1323:
1315:Glenstal Abbey
1307:Wendisch Waren
1299:Chiltern Hills
1283:growing season
1229:
1228:
1218:
1204:
1190:
1176:
1146:
1143:
1137:L. belongs to
1010:Main article:
1007:
1004:
983:
980:
978:
975:
971:
970:
963:
956:
954:
951:
944:
942:
939:
932:
929:
928:
927:
908:vitamin C
841:trimethylamine
687:root sprouting
652:
649:
615:northern China
520:
519:
517:
516:
515:
514:
506:
498:
490:
482:
477:Sorbus cordata
474:
462:
450:
445:subintegerrima
438:
433:longifoliolata
426:
418:
406:
398:
390:
378:
366:
358:
353:Sorbus altaica
350:
342:
334:
326:
318:
310:
302:
294:
286:
278:
270:
256:
255:
254:
251:
250:
244:
243:
239:
238:
230:
229:
224:
213:
212:
206:
205:
198:
196:
192:
191:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
147:
146:
141:
134:
133:
128:
121:
120:
115:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
84:
83:
65:
62:
61:
56:
53:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
18:European rowan
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4345:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4261:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4215:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4032:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3833:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3796:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3724:3-7742-6205-5
3720:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3705:3-7684-2509-6
3701:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3669:
3667:3-632-98919-2
3663:
3659:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3629:3-405-16014-6
3625:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3610:3-576-10107-1
3606:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3562:3-473-46173-3
3558:
3554:
3549:
3545:
3543:3-7742-1472-7
3539:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3524:3-906679-75-6
3520:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3505:2-84050-089-2
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3479:3-405-16875-9
3475:
3471:
3466:
3462:
3460:3-405-15350-6
3456:
3452:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3403:3-440-09154-6
3399:
3395:
3390:
3386:
3384:3-405-13737-3
3380:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3327:3-89440-296-2
3323:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3308:3-89440-154-0
3304:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3289:3-489-68034-0
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3267:3-7888-0562-5
3263:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3248:0-471-59919-0
3244:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3229:3-8001-5542-7
3225:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3210:3-440-07511-7
3206:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3153:3-87181-205-6
3149:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3134:3-440-07244-4
3130:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3115:3-572-00685-6
3111:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3090:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3025:
3020:
3018:9780192100191
3014:
3010:
3009:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2983:
2981:1-57607-217-7
2977:
2973:
2972:
2964:
2961:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2923:
2921:
2913:
2910:
2898:
2896:
2888:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2703:(3): 750–71.
2702:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2679:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2377:0-71-390442-9
2374:
2371:. Allen Lane
2370:
2364:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2292:
2285:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1951:9781842460887
1947:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1879:
1876:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1801:, and of the
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1677:
1672:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1637:Lower Austria
1634:
1630:
1629:Ore Mountains
1626:
1620:
1607:
1603:
1602:Hrubý Jeseník
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1557:Maria Theresa
1554:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1514:The fruit of
1509:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1485:of the genus
1484:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1269:boreal forest
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:North America
1250:
1249:Faroe Islands
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1156:
1155:mountain pine
1153:Growing with
1151:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1139:Carl Linnaeus
1136:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1018:binomial name
1013:
1005:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
982:Fossil record
981:
976:
967:
960:
955:
952:Inflorescence
948:
943:
936:
931:
926:
924:
920:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
849:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
798:
794:
789:
776:
774:
770:
731:
730:
711:
707:
703:
699:
696:The compound
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
661:
657:
650:
648:
646:
642:
641:folk medicine
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
582:
561:
553:
532:
528:
527:
510:
507:
504:(Hedl.) Prain
502:
499:
494:
491:
486:
483:
478:
475:
470:
466:
463:
458:
454:
451:
446:
442:
439:
434:
430:
427:
422:
419:
414:
410:
407:
402:
399:
394:
391:
386:
382:
379:
374:
370:
367:
362:
359:
354:
351:
346:
343:
338:
335:
330:
327:
322:
319:
314:
311:
306:
305:Pyrus altaica
303:
298:
295:
290:
287:
282:
279:
274:
271:
266:
263:
262:
261:
252:
249:
245:
240:
236:
231:
227:
222:
220:
214:
211:
210:Binomial name
207:
203:
202:
197:
194:
193:
190:
189:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:Tracheophytes
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
94:
89:
85:
79:
74:
73:Least Concern
63:
59:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
3764:
3739:
3714:
3695:
3676:
3657:
3638:
3619:
3600:
3581:
3575:
3552:
3533:
3514:
3495:
3488:McTurk, Rory
3469:
3450:
3431:
3412:
3393:
3374:
3355:
3336:
3317:
3298:
3279:
3257:
3238:
3219:
3200:
3181:
3162:
3143:
3124:
3105:
3078:
3072:
3063:
3056:John Harland
3054:, edited by
3051:
3043:
3035:
3027:
3007:
2985:. Retrieved
2970:
2963:
2951:. Retrieved
2938:
2926:. Retrieved
2919:
2912:
2900:. Retrieved
2894:
2887:
2878:
2873:1994, p. 572
2870:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2786:
2765:
2756:
2735:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2678:
2624:. Retrieved
2593:
2584:
2575:
2566:
2541:
2532:
2521:the original
2504:
2495:
2483:. Retrieved
2479:the original
2469:
2434:
2411:
2368:
2363:
2354:
2342:. Retrieved
2328:
2322:
2315:
2302:
2298:
2284:
2239:
2108:
2094:
2086:
2077:
1960:
1941:
1937:
1917:. Retrieved
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1890:
1885:
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1852:
1846:
1840:
1832:
1787:S. aucuparia
1786:
1785:
1774:
1769:S. aucuparia
1768:
1762:
1747:
1745:
1731:
1720:
1716:weeping tree
1712:
1704:
1696:
1690:
1675:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1621:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1564:
1553:S. aucuparia
1552:
1545:
1539:
1516:S. aucuparia
1515:
1513:
1492:
1491:. The snail
1487:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1449:S. aucuparia
1448:
1446:
1441:S. aria
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1403:plant litter
1399:silver birch
1384:
1336:
1295:S. aucuparia
1294:
1293:The tallest
1292:
1279:S. aucuparia
1278:
1277:
1265:S. aucuparia
1264:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1161:
1160:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1125:S. aucuparia
1124:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1106:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1079:. The names
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:mountain-ash
1056:
1052:
1047:as bait for
1045:S. aucuparia
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:service tree
1024:
1020:
1015:
987:
985:
922:
916:
845:
790:
777:
727:
695:
655:
654:
638:
619:
587:mountain-ash
586:
530:
525:
524:
523:
508:
500:
492:
484:
476:
468:
464:
456:
452:
444:
440:
432:
428:
420:
412:
408:
404:C.K.Schneid.
400:
392:
384:
380:
372:
368:
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
324:(L.) Gaertn.
320:
312:
304:
300:(L.) Clairv.
296:
288:
284:(L.) Salisb.
280:
272:
264:
218:
216:
200:
199:
187:
150:
137:
124:
111:
35:
29:
4062:NatureServe
3977:iNaturalist
3789:Wikispecies
3451:Mythos Baum
2953:15 November
2902:15 November
1868:19 November
1767:, twigs of
1700:erysipeloid
1499:fire blight
1483:leaf miners
1391:goat willow
1116:John Gerard
1077:rowan-berry
986:Fossils of
880:citric acid
876:carotenoids
651:Description
603:definitions
595:rose family
131:Angiosperms
4277:Categories
4244:WisFlora:
4157:Plant List
3862:Calflora:
3747:(EUFORGEN)
3099:References
2305:. Ankara:
1938:The genus
1919:2022-05-06
1897:4 November
1795:Eschenrode
1749:Prose Edda
1709:Ornamental
1659:sweet gale
1530:, but the
1524:cholagogue
1520:astringent
1247:, and the
1183:fenenkiana
1069:quick beam
884:malic acid
837:receptacle
833:hypanthium
831:to form a
793:monoecious
469:versicolor
348:(Kit.) DC.
292:(L.) Scop.
3943:220012689
3241:. Wiley.
2309:: 94–102.
1825:Footnotes
1799:Hermsdorf
1791:Ebernhahn
1488:Stigmella
1261:krummholz
1257:tree line
1211:praemorsa
1173:aucuparia
1087:subgenus
1073:quickbeam
1033:aucuparia
912:glycoside
691:coppicing
683:heartwood
645:cultivars
599:botanists
591:deciduous
195:Species:
101:Kingdom:
4232:VicFlora
4221:VASCAN:
4214:27800192
4209:Tropicos
4136:PalDat:
4067:2.158324
4031:61957558
4005:741641-1
3839:BioLib:
3774:Wikidata
2727:23770053
2691:in vitro
2687:in vitro
2626:26 April
2620:Archived
1686:Freshly
1598:Ostružná
1594:moravica
1536:sorbitol
1510:Culinary
1360:squirrel
1356:dormouse
1340:thrushes
1233:Caucasus
1225:sibirica
1197:glabrata
1098:Fraxinus
1000:Pliocene
977:Taxonomy
900:sorbitol
769:marzipan
706:leaflets
556:, also
388:P.D.Sell
385:hortorum
248:Synonyms
177:Rosaceae
173:Family:
144:Eudicots
78:IUCN 3.1
4049:MoBotPF
3956:3012167
3886:Ecocrop
3780:Q146198
3494:(ed.).
2987:29 July
2928:5 March
2718:3791396
2485:7 April
2344:7 April
1805:of the
1746:In the
1736:Culture
1688:rip-cut
1614:⁄
1606:Moravia
1600:in the
1566:Pihlaja
1382:fungi.
1372:redwing
1348:red fox
1325:Ecology
1237:Siberia
1223:subsp.
1209:subsp.
1195:subsp.
1181:subsp.
1171:subsp.
1103:pinnate
1049:fowling
966:Vercors
872:locules
865:⁄
855:⁄
829:corolla
825:stamens
814:⁄
804:⁄
797:corymbs
783:⁄
761:⁄
751:⁄
737:⁄
721:⁄
702:pinnate
679:sapwood
671:⁄
626:corymbs
622:pinnate
607:Madeira
472:Gatsch.
460:Gatsch.
448:Gatsch.
436:Gatsch.
416:Gatsch.
396:Gatsch.
183:Genus:
167:Rosales
163:Order:
105:Plantae
76: (
4288:Sorbus
4170:PLANTS
4162:rjp-68
4129:217673
4100:NZOR:
4054:286370
3969:310534
3930:179162
3904:241042
3855:292027
3827:ARKive
3819:190759
3806:227847
3803:APDB:
3721:
3702:
3683:
3664:
3645:
3626:
3607:
3559:
3540:
3521:
3502:
3476:
3457:
3438:
3419:
3400:
3381:
3362:
3343:
3324:
3305:
3286:
3264:
3245:
3226:
3207:
3188:
3169:
3150:
3131:
3112:
3085:
3015:
2978:
2920:Sorbus
2725:
2715:
2375:
2095:Sorbus
1948:
1940:Sorbus
1797:, and
1666:Timber
1625:Saxony
1590:edulis
1586:dulcis
1528:scurvy
1481:, and
1432:, and
1410:Sorbus
1397:, and
1370:, and
1358:, and
1245:Azores
1243:, the
1089:Sorbus
1085:Sorbus
1041:capere
1025:sorbus
996:Turkey
906:, and
904:tannin
892:pectin
821:sepals
773:brayed
710:terete
698:leaves
611:Russia
585:) and
356:Koehne
276:Medik.
268:Fourr.
188:Sorbus
157:Rosids
4201:17539
4146:PFI:
4093:36599
4018:25320
3989:IPA:
3982:56063
3925:EUNIS
3917:SOUAU
3878:4YB93
3842:39560
3496:Hugur
3050:, in
3034:, in
2947:(PDF)
2924:. RHS
2524:(PDF)
2513:(PDF)
2295:(PDF)
2100:(PDF)
1781:byres
1758:Gjálp
1584:var.
1505:Usage
1215:Guss.
1201:Wimm.
1187:Stoj.
1081:rowan
1075:, or
1053:rowan
1006:Names
1002:age.
925:=34.
848:pomes
771:when
660:crown
630:pomes
531:rowan
496:Gand.
480:Gand.
383:var.
376:Jalas
151:Clade
138:Clade
125:Clade
112:Clade
4247:5109
4224:8964
4183:POWO
4175:SOAU
4149:9869
4116:7495
4088:NCBI
4041:2570
4026:IUCN
4013:ITIS
4000:IPNI
3992:9741
3964:GRIN
3951:GBIF
3912:EPPO
3891:9941
3865:7684
3850:BOLD
3814:APNI
3719:ISBN
3700:ISBN
3681:ISBN
3662:ISBN
3643:ISBN
3624:ISBN
3605:ISBN
3557:ISBN
3538:ISBN
3519:ISBN
3500:ISBN
3474:ISBN
3455:ISBN
3436:ISBN
3417:ISBN
3398:ISBN
3379:ISBN
3360:ISBN
3341:ISBN
3322:ISBN
3303:ISBN
3284:ISBN
3262:ISBN
3243:ISBN
3224:ISBN
3205:ISBN
3186:ISBN
3167:ISBN
3148:ISBN
3129:ISBN
3110:ISBN
3083:ISBN
3013:ISBN
2989:2023
2976:ISBN
2955:2018
2930:2021
2904:2018
2723:PMID
2628:2013
2487:2013
2373:ISBN
2346:2013
1946:ISBN
1899:2020
1870:2021
1853:2017
1817:and
1754:Thor
1416:and
1055:and
1037:avis
1031:and
1027:for
1016:The
921:of 2
860:and
809:and
700:are
613:and
512:Opiz
488:Kit.
364:Kom.
257:List
4255:WFO
4196:RHS
4075:NBN
3938:FNA
3899:EoL
3873:CoL
3586:doi
2713:PMC
2705:doi
2701:149
1888:L."
1857:doi
1775:In
1763:In
1725:'s
1301:in
1131:.
994:in
742:to
467:f.
455:f.
443:f.
431:f.
411:f.
371:f.
4279::
4257::
4234::
4211::
4198::
4185::
4172::
4159::
4126::
4113::
4090::
4077::
4064::
4051::
4028::
4015::
4002::
3979::
3966::
3953::
3940::
3927::
3914::
3901::
3888::
3875::
3852::
3829::
3816::
3791::
3776::
3582:88
3580:.
3574:.
2997:^
2863:^
2795:^
2774:^
2744:^
2721:.
2711:.
2699:.
2695:.
2662:^
2648:^
2636:^
2618:.
2614:.
2602:^
2550:^
2515:.
2457:^
2443:^
2420:^
2395:^
2383:^
2337:,
2333:.
2327:.
2303:88
2297:.
2272:^
2260:^
2248:^
2219:^
2207:^
2189:^
2175:^
2159:^
2147:^
2129:^
2117:^
2065:^
2035:^
2001:^
1983:^
1969:^
1928:^
1851:.
1845:.
1821:.
1793:,
1729:.
1639:.
1635:,
1501:.
1444:.
1405:.
1393:,
1389:,
1366:,
1354:,
1350:,
1346:,
1321:.
1317:,
1141:.
1071:,
1067:,
1063:,
914:.
902:,
898:,
894:,
890:,
886:,
882:,
878:,
857:16
693:.
664:15
647:.
636:.
578:ən
575:aʊ
562::
560:UK
549:ən
546:oʊ
226:L.
153::
140::
127::
114::
3727:.
3708:.
3689:.
3670:.
3651:.
3632:.
3613:.
3594:.
3588::
3565:.
3546:.
3527:.
3508:.
3482:.
3463:.
3444:.
3425:.
3406:.
3387:.
3368:.
3349:.
3330:.
3311:.
3292:.
3270:.
3251:.
3232:.
3213:.
3194:.
3175:.
3156:.
3137:.
3118:.
3091:.
3021:.
2991:.
2957:.
2932:.
2918:"
2906:.
2729:.
2707::
2630:.
2489:.
2348:.
2325:"
2321:"
2097:"
1954:.
1922:.
1901:.
1884:"
1872:.
1859::
1843:"
1839:"
1616:8
1612:5
1213:(
1199:(
923:n
867:8
863:3
853:5
816:8
812:3
806:8
802:3
785:8
781:3
763:2
759:1
753:4
749:1
746:+
744:2
739:4
735:3
723:2
719:1
716:+
714:4
673:2
669:1
666:+
581:/
572:r
569:ˈ
566:/
552:/
543:r
540:ˈ
537:/
533:(
80:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
