224:
42:
560:
607:
98:
328:
73:
499:
567:
with a greenish-blue gloss, all white vent, and dark tail with white corners above and a white terminal band on the undertail. In flight, broad wings, white vent and short tail are noticeable; the flight undulating. The black bill is slender and rather long, sharply pointed, and varies in size amongst races. The iris, legs and feet are black.
778:
are used) and usually on the sunny side. There are normally 2-4 eggs laid and incubated for 18 days. Both sexes feed the young which are usually fledged by about 23 days and stay with their parents for many months, following them to learn the food storage techniques essential for survival in their harsh environment.
566:
The northern nutcracker is a dark brown, broad-winged, short-tailed corvid. Body plumage is mid-to-dark chocolate brown, heavily spotted with white on face, neck, mantle and underparts. It has a large white loral spot, a white eye-ring, blackish-brown cap extending onto the nape, dark blackish wings
777:
Nutcracker couples stay together for life and their territory expands between 20 and 30 acres. Nesting is always early in this species across its whole range, so as to make the best use of pine nuts stored the previous autumn. The nest is usually built high in a conifer (sometimes broadleaved trees
718:
sp.) form an important part of the diet too. The forms that take hazel nuts have thicker bills for cracking their hard shells, with a special ridge on the inside of the bill edge near the base. If the shell is too hard, it holds the nut between its feet and hacks at it with its bill like a chisel.
770:
283:
but has a much larger bill and a slimmer looking head without any crest. The feathering over its body is predominantly chocolate brown with distinct white spots and streaks. The wings and upper tail are virtually black with a greenish-blue gloss.
847:
being the more likely to do this. Britain records very sporadic vagrants, but in 1968 over 300 nutcrackers visited
Britain as part of a larger irruption into western Europe, probably due to a spell of early cold weather in Siberia.
722:
A special adaptation is found in the tongue of the nutcracker. The tip of the tongue forks with two long pointed appendages which are keratinized into nail like surfaces. This is thought to help them handle and shell conifer seeds.
832:
seaboard and separated from the northern population by a relatively small gap in the north centre of China. See subspecies list above for race distributions. Some of the populations can be separated on bill size.
575:
836:
This species has a large range, extending over 10,000,000 km globally. It also has a large global population, with an estimate of between 800,000-1,700,000 individuals in Europe.
726:
Surplus seed is always stored for later use and it is this species that is responsible for the sowing of new trees of their favoured pines, including the re-establishment of the
916:
Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata
1362:
1414:
576:
1561:
1070:
1520:
1336:
1375:
940:
1586:
520:
1284:
546:
311:
of the northern nutcracker. The species complex was known by the
English name "spotted nutcracker". The other member of the genus,
1581:
570:
Nutcrackers range from 32–38 cm in length (from tip of beak to tip of tail) and have a wingspan ranging from 49–53 cm.
1023:
Allgemeine Kunde des
Thierreichs, Fünfter Band, Zweite Abtheilung: Vögel, Zweiter Band: Raubvögel, Sperlingsvögel und Girrvögel.
1297:
340:
213:
574:
524:
1380:
1123:
930:
1401:
1069:
Jackowiak, Hanna; Skieresz-Szewczyk, Kinga; Kwieciński, Zbigniew; Trzcielińska-Lorych, Joanna; Godynicki, Szymon (2010).
843:, but will erupt out of range when a cone crop failure leaves them short of a food supply, the thin-billed eastern race
223:
1471:
1235:
1203:
509:
577:
1315:
1035:
685:
97:
41:
1419:
528:
513:
401:, as the bird was not recorded in England until 1753. Other Germanic languages have etymologically related names:
1571:
1328:
982:
1576:
1538:
1153:
987:
1222:
1165:
458:
397:
first appears in 1693 in a translation of a German travel guide, where it is a calque on the German name
1453:
1240:
808:
Three further disjunct populations occur in mountain conifer forests further south, one centered on the
192:
889:
312:
1124:"BirdLife International. Data Zone. Species factsheet: Nucifraga caryocatactes. Downloaded 20/11/2008"
817:
631:
1039:
673:
292:
62:
559:
1566:
1105:
643:
418:
300:
231:
92:
1458:
606:
1393:
1367:
1440:
1258:
1097:
936:
327:
288:
169:
995:
1445:
1227:
1089:
884:
821:
426:
1466:
1427:
679:
402:
1484:
866:
1323:
1310:
840:
410:
976:
1555:
1388:
961:
911:
875:
786:
The northern nutcracker has an extensive range forming a broad swathe east–west from
691:
661:
649:
481:
467:
449:
382:
351:
336:
209:
82:
77:
1109:
1511:
1263:
769:
586:
280:
17:
1302:
1250:
1406:
1349:
1197:
787:
667:
611:
498:
50:
630:
sp.), principally the cold-climate (far northern and high altitude) species of
1479:
754:
727:
655:
471:
308:
1188:
1043:
825:
697:
359:
335:
The northern nutcracker was one of the many species originally described by
272:
149:
109:
1289:
1101:
734:) over large areas in the Alps of central Europe formerly cleared by man.
1505:
1182:
809:
619:
276:
159:
129:
1432:
1214:
1533:
1525:
1341:
1093:
802:
791:
750:
746:
287:
The northern nutcracker is one of four currently-recognized species of
1354:
738:
703:
119:
54:
1276:
1159:
1271:
1025:
829:
799:
795:
768:
742:
711:
618:
The most important food resources for this species are the seeds (
605:
572:
558:
367:
326:
702:. In some regions, where none of these pines occur, the seeds of
813:
758:
623:
139:
1163:
492:
1071:"Functional Morphology of the Tongue in the Nutcracker (
461:, 1823 – Ural Mts. to east Siberia and northeast China
918:(in Latin). Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii). p. 105.
1495:
1172:
975:
890:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103727252A87382835.en
962:"BTO Web: BirdFacts > crows > Nutcracker"
1154:Spotted nutcracker videos, photos & sounds
581:Northern nutcracker call. Savoie, French Alps
8:
1010:A Collection of Curious Travels and Voyages.
932:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
527:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1160:
589:and is loud and harsh. It is described as
222:
71:
40:
31:
935:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 276.
888:
547:Learn how and when to remove this message
857:
346:, and it still bears its original name
1044:"Crows, mudnesters, birds-of-paradise"
441:There are four recognised subspecies:
393:"to shatter". The common English name
1050:. International Ornithologists' Union
1021:See, for example, Brehms Thierleben.
956:
954:
952:
812:of central and southeast Europe (the
7:
1539:A8267054-C0C5-448B-B4EF-E3A028C32823
1329:ec3d20ed-dab0-49bf-b625-e7bf7d405d78
996:participating institution membership
585:The voice is similar to that of the
525:adding citations to reliable sources
319:), occurs in western North America.
1562:IUCN Red List least concern species
876:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
824:mountains); another in the western
761:nests avidly to get at the grubs.
745:, their eggs and nestlings, small
25:
279:. It is slightly larger than the
1048:IOC World Bird List Version 14.2
497:
96:
1156:on the Internet Bird Collection
865:BirdLife International (2016).
794:and to eastern Asia, including
753:such as roadkills. It digs out
741:are also taken, and also small
1140:London: HarperCollins, p. 332.
790:right across northern Europe,
307:) were formerly considered as
1:
1136:Lars Svensson et al. (1999),
839:Northern nutcrackers are not
1587:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
828:; and the third in western
350:. The scientific name is a
1603:
773:Egg of northern nutcracker
983:Oxford English Dictionary
929:Jobling, James A (2010).
883:: e.T103727252A87382835.
366:, "nut-breaker" based on
237:
230:
221:
198:
191:
93:Scientific classification
91:
69:
60:
48:
39:
34:
275:bird in the crow family
1582:Birds described in 1758
1485:Nucifraga-caryocatactes
1204:Nucifraga caryocatactes
1174:Nucifraga caryocatactes
1073:Nucifraga caryocatactes
988:Oxford University Press
869:Nucifraga caryocatactes
591:kraak-kraak-kraak-kraak
348:Nucifraga caryocatactes
305:Nucifraga multipunctata
263:), previously known as
260:Nucifraga caryocatactes
202:Nucifraga caryocatactes
1042:, eds. (August 2024).
805:forests in the north.
798:, inhabiting the huge
774:
615:
582:
563:
362:translation of German
332:
1454:Paleobiology Database
772:
609:
580:
562:
480:Hartert, EJO, 1897 –
339:in his landmark 1758
330:
184:N. caryocatactes
1497:Corvus caryocatactes
1324:Fauna Europaea (new)
642:) with large seeds:
521:improve this section
317:Nucifraga columbiana
241:Corvus caryocatactes
35:Northern nutcracker
1138:Collins Bird Guide.
986:(Online ed.).
456:N. c. macrorhynchos
446:N. c. caryocatactes
297:Nucifraga hemispila
293:southern nutcracker
269:Eurasian nutcracker
255:northern nutcracker
244:Linnaeus, 1758
63:Conservation status
18:Eurasian nutcracker
1094:10.2108/zsj.27.589
1082:Zoological Science
1038:; Donsker, David;
1012:. Vol. II xi. 181.
775:
616:
583:
564:
474:to northwest China
377:"to shatter", and
333:
313:Clark's nutcracker
301:Kashmir nutcracker
265:spotted nutcracker
1549:
1548:
1441:Open Tree of Life
1166:Taxon identifiers
1040:Rasmussen, Pamela
994:(Subscription or
942:978-1-4081-2501-4
578:
557:
556:
549:
465:N. c. rothschildi
251:
250:
86:
16:(Redirected from
1594:
1572:Birds of Eurasia
1542:
1541:
1529:
1528:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1488:
1487:
1475:
1474:
1462:
1461:
1449:
1448:
1436:
1435:
1423:
1422:
1410:
1409:
1407:NHMSYS0000530502
1397:
1396:
1384:
1383:
1371:
1370:
1358:
1357:
1345:
1344:
1332:
1331:
1319:
1318:
1306:
1305:
1293:
1292:
1280:
1279:
1267:
1266:
1254:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1231:
1230:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1161:
1141:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1079:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1032:
1026:
1019:
1013:
1006:
1000:
999:
991:
979:
972:
966:
965:
958:
947:
946:
926:
920:
919:
908:
902:
901:
899:
897:
892:
862:
822:Balkan Peninsula
579:
552:
545:
541:
538:
532:
501:
493:
452:, 1758) – Europe
341:10th edition of
245:
226:
204:
101:
100:
80:
75:
74:
44:
32:
21:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1577:Birds of Russia
1552:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1537:
1532:
1524:
1519:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1470:
1465:
1457:
1452:
1444:
1439:
1431:
1428:Observation.org
1426:
1418:
1413:
1405:
1400:
1392:
1387:
1379:
1374:
1366:
1361:
1353:
1348:
1340:
1335:
1327:
1322:
1314:
1309:
1301:
1296:
1288:
1283:
1275:
1270:
1262:
1257:
1249:
1247:
1239:
1234:
1226:
1221:
1213:
1211:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1168:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1020:
1016:
1007:
1003:
993:
974:
973:
969:
964:. 16 July 2010.
960:
959:
950:
943:
928:
927:
923:
910:
909:
905:
895:
893:
864:
863:
859:
854:
784:
767:
604:
599:
573:
553:
542:
536:
533:
518:
502:
491:
484:and north Japan
439:
343:Systema Naturae
325:
243:
217:
206:
200:
187:
95:
87:
76:
72:
65:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1600:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1554:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1530:
1517:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1476:
1463:
1450:
1437:
1424:
1411:
1398:
1385:
1372:
1359:
1346:
1333:
1320:
1311:Fauna Europaea
1307:
1294:
1281:
1268:
1255:
1245:
1232:
1219:
1209:
1194:
1178:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1149:
1148:External links
1146:
1143:
1142:
1129:
1115:
1088:(7): 589–594.
1061:
1027:
1014:
1001:
967:
948:
941:
921:
912:Linnaeus, Carl
903:
856:
855:
853:
850:
783:
780:
766:
763:
699:P. wallichiana
603:
600:
598:
595:
555:
554:
505:
503:
496:
490:
487:
486:
485:
478:N. c. japonica
475:
462:
453:
438:
435:
324:
321:
249:
248:
247:
246:
235:
234:
228:
227:
219:
218:
207:
196:
195:
189:
188:
181:
179:
175:
174:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
89:
88:
70:
67:
66:
61:
58:
57:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1599:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1074:
1065:
1062:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1002:
997:
989:
985:
984:
978:
971:
968:
963:
957:
955:
953:
949:
944:
938:
934:
933:
925:
922:
917:
913:
907:
904:
891:
886:
882:
878:
877:
872:
870:
861:
858:
851:
849:
846:
845:macrorhynchos
842:
837:
834:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
806:
804:
801:
797:
793:
789:
781:
779:
771:
764:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
733:
729:
724:
720:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
700:
695:
694:
689:
688:
683:
682:
677:
676:
675:P. parviflora
671:
670:
669:P. koraiensis
665:
664:
663:P. gerardiana
659:
658:
653:
652:
647:
646:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
622:) of various
621:
613:
608:
601:
596:
594:
592:
588:
571:
568:
561:
551:
548:
540:
530:
526:
522:
516:
515:
511:
506:This section
504:
500:
495:
494:
488:
483:
482:Kuril Islands
479:
476:
473:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
447:
444:
443:
442:
436:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:caryocatactes
376:
372:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
352:reduplication
349:
345:
344:
338:
337:Carl Linnaeus
329:
322:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:
256:
242:
239:
238:
236:
233:
229:
225:
220:
215:
211:
205:
203:
197:
194:
193:Binomial name
190:
186:
185:
180:
177:
176:
173:
172:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
150:Passeriformes
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
99:
94:
90:
84:
79:
78:Least Concern
68:
64:
59:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1496:
1173:
1137:
1132:
1118:
1085:
1081:
1072:
1064:
1054:17 September
1052:. Retrieved
1047:
1030:
1022:
1017:
1009:
1004:
981:
977:"Nutcracker"
970:
931:
924:
915:
906:
894:. Retrieved
880:
874:
868:
860:
844:
838:
835:
807:
785:
782:Distribution
776:
736:
732:Pinus cembra
731:
725:
721:
715:
707:
698:
692:
687:
680:
674:
668:
662:
656:
650:
644:
639:
635:
627:
617:
590:
587:Eurasian jay
584:
569:
565:
543:
534:
519:Please help
507:
477:
468:Hartert, EJO
464:
455:
445:
440:
430:
422:
414:
406:
398:
394:
390:
386:
378:
374:
370:
363:
355:
347:
342:
334:
316:
304:
296:
286:
281:Eurasian jay
268:
264:
259:
258:
254:
252:
240:
201:
199:
183:
182:
170:
29:
1350:iNaturalist
1198:Wikispecies
1036:Gill, Frank
896:19 November
818:Carpathians
788:Scandinavia
693:P. sibirica
651:P. bungeana
645:P. armandii
612:Uttarakhand
610:In western
489:Description
415:notenkraker
389:"nut", and
373:"nut", and
364:Nussbrecher
51:Morskie Oko
1556:Categories
1512:Q125132266
1480:Xeno-canto
1008:John Ray.
998:required.)
852:References
755:bumble bee
728:Swiss pine
632:white pine
537:April 2021
472:Kazakhstan
437:Subspecies
423:nøttekråke
407:nøddekrige
399:NuĂźknacker
395:nutcracker
309:subspecies
299:) and the
289:nutcracker
1567:Nucifraga
1394:103727252
1228:103727252
841:migratory
826:Himalayas
810:mountains
710:sp.) and
686:P. pumila
657:P. cembra
638:subgenus
620:pine nuts
597:Behaviour
508:does not
470:, 1903 –
459:Brehm, CL
419:Norwegian
381:based on
360:Neo-Latin
356:nucifraga
273:passerine
178:Species:
171:Nucifraga
116:Kingdom:
110:Eukaryota
49:Near the
1506:Wikidata
1368:10591956
1223:BirdLife
1212:BioLib:
1183:Wikidata
1110:44736491
1102:20608848
914:(1758).
820:and the
765:Breeding
737:Various
681:P. peuce
450:Linnaeus
431:nötkråka
391:kataseio
375:frangere
331:Skeleton
323:Taxonomy
277:Corvidae
232:Synonyms
210:Linnaeus
160:Corvidae
156:Family:
130:Chordata
126:Phylum:
120:Animalia
106:Domain:
83:IUCN 3.1
1534:ZooBank
1526:4408681
1342:2482613
1277:eurnut1
1251:eurnut1
1189:Q184820
803:conifer
792:Siberia
751:carrion
747:rodents
739:insects
716:Corylus
640:Strobus
614:, India
602:Feeding
529:removed
514:sources
427:Swedish
271:, is a
166:Genus:
146:Order:
136:Class:
81: (
1459:379185
1446:140439
1381:561630
1355:204552
1298:EURING
1108:
1100:
939:
816:, the
714:nuts (
704:spruce
403:Danish
387:karuon
291:. The
55:Poland
1472:12033
1420:56786
1363:IRMNG
1316:97135
1303:15570
1285:EUNIS
1272:eBird
1264:482M4
1248:BOW:
1241:73236
1106:S2CID
1078:(PDF)
992:
830:China
800:taiga
796:Japan
743:birds
712:hazel
708:Picea
636:Pinus
628:Pinus
624:pines
411:Dutch
383:Greek
371:nucis
368:Latin
358:is a
1521:GBIF
1433:1228
1415:NCBI
1389:IUCN
1376:ITIS
1337:GBIF
1290:1157
1236:BOLD
1215:8979
1098:PMID
1056:2024
937:ISBN
898:2021
881:2016
814:Alps
759:wasp
757:and
749:and
696:and
512:any
510:cite
267:and
253:The
214:1758
140:Aves
1467:TSA
1402:NBN
1259:CoL
1090:doi
885:doi
523:by
1558::
1536::
1523::
1508::
1482::
1469::
1456::
1443::
1430::
1417::
1404::
1391::
1378::
1365::
1352::
1339::
1326::
1313::
1300::
1287::
1274::
1261::
1238::
1225::
1200::
1185::
1104:.
1096:.
1086:27
1084:.
1080:.
1075:)"
1046:.
980:.
951:^
879:.
873:.
690:,
684:,
678:,
672:,
666:,
660:,
654:,
648:,
593:.
433:.
429::
425:;
421::
417:;
413::
409:;
405::
385::
354:;
212:,
53:,
1126:.
1112:.
1092::
1058:.
990:.
945:.
900:.
887::
871:"
867:"
730:(
706:(
634:(
626:(
550:)
544:(
539:)
535:(
531:.
517:.
448:(
315:(
303:(
295:(
257:(
216:)
208:(
85:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
