689:
1097:
1079:
1061:
33:
582:
subbasal series of three small spots, an irregular slender ring or spot on the discocellulars, followed by a highly irregular, curved, transverse, discal series of spots or specks, some or all of which are often obsolescent. On both the forewings and hindwings, the veins that attain the costal and terminal margins end in minute reddish-brown specks. Antenna are greyish yellow, the club black; head, thorax and abdomen are yellow, shaded with fuscous scales; beneath: the palpi, thorax and abdomen are yellowish white. The sex-mark seen from above appears as a thickening of the basal half of the median vein on the forewing.
1043:
50:
575:
area from costa to vein 4 very oblique and irregular, between veins 2 and 4 excavate on the inner side, this excavation outwardly rounded between the veins and inwardly toothed on vein 3; below vein 2 the black area is suddenly dilated into a square spot which occupies the whole of the tornal angle; the inner margin of this dilatation is variable, in the typical form slightly concave. Hindwing: terminal margin with a narrow black band which is attenuated anteriorly and posteriorly; dorsal margin broadly paler than the ground colour.
611:
therefore far more conspicuous. In addition, on the forewing there is a preapical, very prominent, transverse, elongate spot or short bar or reddish brown extended downwards from the costa. This spot is irregular in shape and of variable width, but does not seem to ever spread outwards to the actual edge of the termen. In a few specimens there is also a small reddish-brown spot in interspace near the tornus. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen, and in the male, the sex-mark, as in wet-season specimens.
1031:
995:
1115:
73:
1019:
716:
1007:
728:
704:
1281:
610:
Underside: ground colour similar to that in wet-season specimens, but very many have a greater or less irroration of black scales over the yellow parts of the wing; the reddish-brown markings on both forewings and hindwings are also similar, but the spots are larger, more clearly defined, darker, and
606:
Upperside: ground colour and markings much as in wet-season specimens, the emargination on the inner side of the black area and the tornal dilatation on the forewing similar. On the hindwing, in the great majority of individuals, the black terminal band is also similar; in a few it is narrower and
672:
is much compressed, the wing-cases uniting to form a deep sharp keel. The head-case terminates in a short pointed snout. Ordinarily the pupa is solitary and green, but sometimes on a twig in large numbers. Many
Pierine and other larvae seek each others company at that time. Having selected a dead
574:
Upperside (dorsal surface): yellow, variable in tint from sulphur to rich lemon yellow according to season and locality. Forewing: apex and termen deep black, this colour continued narrowly along the costal margin to base of wing, near which it often becomes diffuse; the inner margin of the black
581:
Underside (ventral surface): yellow, generally a slightly paler shade than that of the upperside, with the following reddish-brown markings. Forewing: two small spots or specks in basal half of cell and a reniform (kidney-shaped) spot or ring on the discocellulars. Hindwing: a slightly curved
594:
Females also have a reduced patch of ultraviolet-reflecting scales located in the proximate region of the dorsal forewing. The mechanism responsible for this colouration is the same as in males but the reflectance is less bright.
590:
Upperside: Very similar to that of the male but without the sex-mark; the black areas on both forewings and hindwings slightly broader, with the inner edge of the black terminal band on the hindwing often diffuse.
530:. They are found flying close to the ground and are found in open grass and scrub habitats. It is simply known as "the grass yellow" in parts of its range; the general term otherwise refers to the entire
1096:
578:
The region of dorsal surface that appears visibly yellow to humans also reflects brightly in the ultraviolet (320-400 nm) owing to the presence of multilayer cuticular nanostructures.
1078:
1235:
Gullan, P.J. & Cranston P.S. (2005). E.blanda is almost always larger and a faster flier than this species. "The insects: an outline of entomology" (5th Ed). Wiley-Blackwell,
688:
562:
has a darker summer morph, triggered by a long day exceeding 13 hours in duration, while the shorter diurnal period of 12 hours or less induces a fairer morph in the post-
1702:
1741:
1060:
673:
branch of some neighbouring bush, they acquired the colour of their surroundings as nearly all
Pierine and Papilionine pupae do to a greater or less extent."
1182:
1676:
1042:
1835:
1248:
1220:
1162:
1840:
32:
1830:
1728:
1513:
1865:
1860:
1825:
1815:
1240:
1870:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1438:
994:
1855:
1820:
1030:
548:
49:
1637:
1624:
1462:
1746:
715:
1850:
790:
860:
72:
1018:
1006:
1114:
912:
897:
879:
598:
Underside: ground colour and markings as in the male. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen similarly coloured.
975:
845:
775:
923:
830:
805:
760:
1845:
1577:
1290:
745:
1733:
1642:
960:
941:
884:
563:
167:
1294:
668:
Pupa: "Suspended by the tail and by a moderately long band; the abdominal segments are round, but the
1663:
1471:
853:
820:
627:
555:
727:
1417:
1300:
703:
1615:
1395:
1346:
1149:. New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. p. 69.
968:
949:
197:
67:
1707:
1433:
Gaden S. Robinson; Phillip R. Ackery; Ian J. Kitching; George W. Beccaloni; Luis M. Hernández.
1767:
1650:
1540:
1434:
1387:
1338:
1244:
1236:
1216:
1158:
621:
498:
1720:
1530:
1522:
1479:
1377:
1330:
1150:
953:
928:
768:
1772:
1317:
White, Thomas E.; Macedonia, Joseph; Birch, Debra; Dawes, Judith; Kemp, Darrell J. (2012).
1284:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1795:
1754:
1413:
1366:"Resource-Mediated Condition Dependence in Sexually Dichromatic Butterfly Wing Coloration"
934:
188:
1475:
658:
Studies suggest that the females can discriminate colours when choosing host plants for
1535:
1500:
1789:
1715:
1629:
1399:
1382:
1365:
1285:
652:
648:
184:
665:
Larva: "Long, green, rough, cylindrical, or slightly depressed, with a large head."
1655:
1561:
1350:
1319:"The nanoanatomical basis of sexual dimorphism in iridescent butterfly colouration"
639:
1252:
1689:
1609:
798:
659:
644:
559:
124:
1600:
1154:
1342:
1318:
1088:
678:
527:
512:
104:
84:
40:
1544:
1526:
1391:
1759:
1594:
1484:
1453:
890:
824:
509:
134:
1681:
868:
515:
1694:
1052:
872:
838:
783:
753:
676:
This species has been found to be parasitised by multiple strains of
669:
633:
535:
523:
144:
114:
94:
1571:
1334:
1499:
Masato Hiroki; Yohsuke Tagami; Kazuki Miura; Yoshiomi Kato (2004).
1121:
1106:
905:
531:
60:
1070:
813:
519:
1668:
1575:
1505:
inducing different reproductive manipulations in the butterfly
1435:"HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants"
682:. These bacteria can alter the sex ratios of the species.
1296:
The Fauna of
British India, Including Ceylon and Burma
1584:
1312:
1310:
1147:A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India
1454:"Color discrimination on orientation of female
1422:. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 50–56.
8:
1572:
1213:Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa
1140:
1138:
48:
31:
20:
1534:
1483:
1381:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1255:in Google Books. Accessed on 12 Jan 2010.
1145:Varshney, R.K.; Smetacek, Peter (2015).
1299:. Vol. II (1st ed.). London:
1176:
1174:
1134:
990:
684:
1191:Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
7:
1452:Tadao Hirota; Yoshiomi Kato (2004).
1364:Kemp, Darrell J. (September 2008).
1215:. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik.
1514:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
14:
554:The common grass yellow exhibits
547:For a key to the terms used, see
1383:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00461.x
1279:
1113:
1095:
1077:
1059:
1041:
1029:
1017:
1005:
993:
726:
714:
702:
687:
607:diffuse inwardly in both sexes.
71:
1463:Applied Entomology and Zoology
1:
1836:Butterflies described in 1758
1323:Australian Journal of Zoology
1419:Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. VII
549:Glossary of entomology terms
1841:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
643:species and numerous other
1887:
546:
344:Terias hecabe senegalensis
1831:Lepidoptera of Cape Verde
1501:"Multiple infection with
1155:10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164
279:Trimen & Bowker, 1889
271:Trimen & Bowker, 1889
203:
196:
173:
166:
68:Scientific classification
66:
56:
47:
39:
30:
23:
1866:Butterflies of Australia
1861:Butterflies of Indonesia
1826:Butterflies of Singapore
1816:Butterflies of Indochina
1458:(Lepidoptera: Pieridae)"
1301:Taylor and Francis, Ltd.
1211:Woodhall, Steve (2005).
404:Terias hecabe borneensis
1871:Butterflies of Malaysia
1527:10.1098/rspb.2004.2769
1439:Natural History Museum
1811:Butterflies of Taiwan
1806:Butterflies of Borneo
1801:Butterflies of Africa
1856:Butterflies of Japan
1485:10.1303/aez.2004.229
854:Bismarck Archipelago
628:Falcataria moluccana
556:seasonal polyphenism
484:Terias contubernalis
16:Species of butterfly
1821:Insects of Pakistan
1521:(1549): 1751–1755.
1476:2004AppEZ..39..229H
1103:E. h. contubernalis
1085:E. h. contubernalis
946:(Fruhstorfer, 1910)
791:E. h. brevicostalis
721:Larva (caterpillar)
506:common grass yellow
244:Terias dentilimbata
236:Terias chalcomiaeta
1105:, dry season form
1087:, wet season form
969:Northern Australia
444:Terias hecabe oeta
396:Terias latilimbata
1783:
1782:
1768:Open Tree of Life
1578:Taxon identifiers
1564:of life cycle of
1303:pp. 250–254.
1249:978-1-4051-1113-3
1222:978-1-86872-724-7
1187:(Linnaeus, 1758)"
1164:978-81-929826-4-9
981:
966:
947:
932:
918:
903:
902:(de l'Orza, 1869)
888:
866:
861:E. h. latilimbata
851:
836:
811:
796:
781:
766:
751:
622:Abrus precatorius
619:Eggs are laid on
494:
493:
488:
480:
468:
456:
448:
447:Fruhstorfer, 1910
440:
432:
428:Terias photophila
424:
416:
408:
407:Fruhstorfer, 1910
400:
392:
384:
376:
364:
352:
340:
328:
316:
304:
292:
280:
272:
268:Terias aethiopica
264:
256:
248:
240:
232:
224:
211:
1878:
1851:Fauna of Sumatra
1776:
1775:
1763:
1762:
1750:
1749:
1737:
1736:
1724:
1723:
1711:
1710:
1698:
1697:
1685:
1684:
1672:
1671:
1659:
1658:
1646:
1645:
1633:
1632:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1573:
1549:
1548:
1538:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1414:Swinhoe, Charles
1410:
1404:
1403:
1385:
1376:(9): 2346–2358.
1361:
1355:
1354:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1256:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1181:Savela, Markku.
1178:
1169:
1168:
1142:
1117:
1099:
1081:
1067:E. h. stankapura
1063:
1045:
1033:
1021:
1009:
997:
979:
964:
945:
927:
916:
901:
883:
864:
849:
834:
809:
794:
779:
769:Christmas Island
764:
749:
730:
718:
706:
691:
486:
478:
466:
454:
446:
438:
430:
422:
420:Terias mandarina
414:
406:
398:
390:
382:
380:Terias maroensis
374:
362:
350:
338:
326:
320:Terias floricola
314:
302:
291:Rothschild, 1921
290:
284:Terias floricola
278:
270:
262:
254:
246:
238:
230:
228:Terias bisinuata
222:
209:
179:
76:
75:
52:
35:
21:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1755:Observation.org
1753:
1745:
1740:
1732:
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1719:
1714:
1706:
1701:
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1636:
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1613:
1608:
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1598:
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1580:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1498:
1497:
1493:
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1446:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1335:10.1071/ZO12045
1316:
1315:
1308:
1289:
1280:
1278:
1259:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1034:
1025:
1022:
1013:
1012:Dry-season form
1010:
1001:
1000:Wet-season form
998:
989:
913:E. h. maroensis
898:E. h. mandarina
880:E. h. latimargo
810:(Wallace, 1867)
741:
734:
731:
722:
719:
710:
707:
698:
692:
617:
604:
602:Dry-season form
588:
572:
552:
545:
423:de l'Orza, 1869
388:Terias biformis
260:Terias orientis
252:Terias bewsheri
220:Terias solifera
192:
181:
175:
162:
70:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1884:
1882:
1874:
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1570:
1569:
1557:
1556:External links
1554:
1551:
1550:
1491:
1470:(2): 229–233.
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1119:
1112:
1110:
1101:
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1056:
1049:E. h. solifera
1047:
1040:
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1035:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1004:
1002:
999:
992:
988:
985:
984:
983:
980:(Butler, 1875)
976:E. h. solifera
972:
965:(Butler, 1886)
957:
938:
920:
919:(Maroe Island)
917:(Butler, 1883)
909:
894:
876:
865:(Butler, 1886)
857:
846:E. h. kerawara
842:
835:(Butler, 1880)
827:
817:
802:
787:
780:(Butler, 1884)
776:E. h. biformis
772:
765:(Butler, 1887)
757:
740:
737:
736:
735:
732:
725:
723:
720:
713:
711:
708:
701:
699:
695:E. h. solifera
693:
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587:
584:
571:
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544:
541:
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452:Terias phoebus
449:
441:
436:Terias diversa
433:
425:
417:
412:Terias amplexa
409:
401:
393:
385:
377:
375:Stoneham, 1957
365:
363:Stoneham, 1957
353:
341:
329:
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305:
293:
281:
276:Terias butleri
273:
265:
257:
249:
241:
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225:
217:
212:
210:Linnaeus, 1758
207:Papilio hecabe
201:
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194:
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182:
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159:E. hecabe
156:
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58:E. h. solifera
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1847:
1846:Fauna of Niue
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1631:
1630:Eurema_hecabe
1626:
1622:
1617:
1616:Eurema hecabe
1611:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1586:Eurema hecabe
1583:
1579:
1574:
1567:
1566:Eurema hecabe
1563:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1507:Eurema hecabe
1504:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1456:Eurema hecabe
1448:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1416:(1905–1910).
1415:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1291:Bingham, C.T.
1287:
1286:public domain
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
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1246:
1242:
1241:1-4051-1113-5
1238:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1185:Eurema hecabe
1177:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1093:
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1080:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1039:
1032:
1027:
1024:Newly emerged
1020:
1015:
1008:
1003:
996:
991:
986:
978:
977:
973:
970:
963:
962:
961:E. h. phoebus
958:
955:
951:
944:
943:
939:
936:
930:
926:
925:
924:E. h. nivaria
921:
915:
914:
910:
907:
900:
899:
895:
892:
886:
882:
881:
877:
874:
870:
863:
862:
858:
855:
848:
847:
843:
840:
833:
832:
831:E. h. hobsoni
828:
826:
823:
822:
818:
815:
808:
807:
806:E. h. diversa
803:
800:
793:
792:
788:
785:
778:
777:
773:
770:
763:
762:
761:E. h. amplexa
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472:Eurema hecabe
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168:Binomial name
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821:E. h. hecabe
819:
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795:Butler, 1898
789:
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746:E. h. albina
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640:Aeschynomene
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231:Butler, 1876
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1690:iNaturalist
1610:Wikispecies
1253:Ltd preview
1036:Mating pair
929:Fruhstorfer
850:Ribbe, 1898
750:Huang, 1994
660:oviposition
645:Leguminosae
543:Description
487:Moore, 1886
479:Ribbe, 1898
467:Ribbe, 1898
125:Lepidoptera
1790:Categories
1329:(2): 101.
1129:References
950:West Irian
942:E. h. oeta
799:Kai Island
797:(Timer to
739:Subspecies
615:Life cycle
105:Arthropoda
1568:on Flickr
1503:Wolbachia
1400:205781790
1370:Evolution
1343:0004-959X
1089:Singapore
679:Wolbachia
528:Australia
518:found in
513:butterfly
153:Species:
91:Kingdom:
85:Eukaryota
41:Bangalore
1729:LepIndex
1708:11258619
1601:Q1768465
1595:Wikidata
1545:15306297
1392:18637962
1293:(1907).
982:(Africa)
935:Solomons
825:Cambodia
782:(Ambon,
566:period.
464:kerawara
348:continua
198:Synonyms
185:Linnaeus
135:Pieridae
131:Family:
101:Phylum:
95:Animalia
81:Domain:
43:, India
1682:5137849
1536:1691781
1472:Bibcode
1351:4847428
1196:July 1,
987:Gallery
891:Celebes
885:Hopffer
869:Sumatra
564:monsoon
516:species
336:maureli
312:subalba
141:Genus:
121:Order:
115:Insecta
111:Class:
1796:Eurema
1760:106727
1734:177704
1721:160386
1669:176198
1562:Images
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1533:
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1053:Uganda
931:, 1910
887:, 1874
873:Borneo
839:Taiwan
784:Serang
754:Fujian
697:mating
670:thorax
634:Acacia
586:Female
558:. The
536:Eurema
524:Africa
510:pierid
504:, the
501:hecabe
499:Eurema
146:Eurema
1773:70461
1747:76203
1703:IRMNG
1695:51614
1656:3CZ9G
1643:19859
1396:S2CID
1347:S2CID
1122:Nepal
1107:Nepal
954:Papua
906:Japan
655:sp..
637:sp.,
532:genus
476:magna
474:var.
462:var.
372:neria
360:napia
288:parva
61:Ghana
1742:NCBI
1716:IUCN
1677:GBIF
1638:BOLD
1541:PMID
1388:PMID
1339:ISSN
1245:ISBN
1237:ISBN
1217:ISBN
1198:2018
1159:ISBN
1071:Bali
814:Buru
733:Pupa
651:and
570:Male
526:and
520:Asia
334:ab.
324:alba
322:ab.
310:ab.
300:alba
298:ab.
189:1758
1664:EoL
1651:CoL
1625:AFD
1531:PMC
1523:doi
1519:271
1480:doi
1378:doi
1331:doi
1151:doi
1120:in
952:to
709:Egg
370:f.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
