1165:
temperature. But the differences happen away from the minimum composition. Unlike silver with fineness other than 719 (which melts partly at exactly 780 C through a wide fineness range), gold with fineness other than 800 will reach solidus and start partial melting at a temperature different from and higher than 910 C, depending on the alloy fineness. The partial melting does cause some composition changes - the liquid will be closer in fineness towards 800 than the remaining solid, but the liquid will not have fineness of exactly 800 and the fineness of the remaining solid will depend on the fineness of the liquid. The underlying reason is that for an eutectic system like Cu-Ag, the solubility in liquid phase is good but solubility in solid phase is limited. Therefore when a silver-copper alloy is frozen, it actually separates into crystals of 912 fineness silver and 80 fineness silver - both are saturated and always have the same composition at the freezing point of 780 C. Thus the alloy just below 780 C consists of two types of crystals of exactly the same composition regardless of the total alloy composition, only the relative amount of each type of crystals differs. Therefore they always melt at 780 C until one or other type of crystals, or both, will be exhausted. In contrast, in Cu-Au system the components are miscible at the melting point in all compositions even in solid. There can be crystals of any composition, which will melt at different temperatures depending on composition. However, Cu-Au system is a "poor" solid solution. There is a substantial misfit between the atoms in solid which, however, near the melting point is overcome by entropy of thermal motion mixing the atoms. That misfit, however, disfavours the Cu-Au solution relative to phases in which the atoms are better fitted, such as the melt, and causes the melting point to fall below the melting point of components.
1160:, is a true eutectic system. The eutectic melting point is at 780 C, with solid solubility limits at fineness 80 and 912 by weight, and eutectic at 719. Since Cu-Ag is a true eutectic, any silver with fineness anywhere between 80 and 912 will reach solidus line, and therefore melt at least partly, at exactly 780 C. The eutectic alloy with fineness exactly 719 will reach liquidus line, and therefore melt entirely, at that exact temperature without any further rise of temperature till all of the alloy has melted. Any silver with fineness between 80 and 912 but not exactly 719 will also reach the solidus line at exactly 780 C, but will melt partly. It will leave a solid residue with fineness of either exactly 912 or exactly 80, but never some of both. It will melt at constant temperature without further rise of temperature until the exact amount of eutectic (fineness 719) alloy has melted off to divide the alloy into eutectic melt and solid solution residue. On further heating, the solid solution residue dissolves in the melt and changes its composition until the liquidus line is reached and the whole residue has dissolved away. Cu-Au source for example
759:). This deformation mechanism works through load transfer between the two constituent phases where the more compliant phase transfers stress to the stiffer phase. By taking advantage of the strength of the stiff phase and the ductility of the compliant phase, the overall toughness of the material increases. As the composition is varied to either hypoeutectic or hypereutectic formations, the load transfer mechanism becomes more complex as there is a load transfer between the eutectic phase and the secondary phase as well as the load transfer within the eutectic phase itself.
1007:) is more convoluted as the primary deformation mechanism changes depending on the level of stress applied. At high temperatures where deformation is dominated by dislocation movement, the strengthening from load transfer and secondary phase spacing remain as they continue to resist dislocation motion. At lower strains where Nabarro-Herring creep is dominant, the shape and size of the eutectic phase structure plays a significant role in material deformation as it affects the available boundary area for vacancy diffusion to occur.
597:
177:, and eutectic alloys prove valuable in such diverse applications as soldering, brazing, metal casting, electrical protection, fire sprinkler systems, and nontoxic mercury substitutes. By managing phase transformation during solidification, a suitable eutectic alloy can be made stronger than any of its individual components, a valuable property in an extreme application such as the hypereutectic cast aluminum pistons used in the high-revving 550 hp (410 kW) twin-turbo intercooled DOHC
1099:
38:
1016:
219:
2881:
1604:
2598:
1356:
4716:
1375:
2135:
304:
2592:
1109:
Peritectic transformations are also similar to eutectic reactions. Here, a liquid and solid phase of fixed proportions react at a fixed temperature to yield a single solid phase. Since the solid product forms at the interface between the two reactants, it can form a diffusion barrier and generally
412:
have two or more materials and have a eutectic composition. When a non-eutectic alloy solidifies, its components solidify at different temperatures, exhibiting a plastic melting range. Conversely, when a well-mixed, eutectic alloy melts, it does so at a single, sharp temperature. The various phase
1164:
does display a melting point minimum at 910 C and given as 44 atom % Cu, which converts to about 20 weight percent Cu - about 800 fineness of gold. But this is not a true eutectic. 800 fine gold melts at 910 C, to a melt of exact same composition, and the whole alloy will melt at exact same
767:
further strengthening the material. As a result of this strengthening mechanism, coarse eutectic structures tend to be less stiff but more ductile while fine eutectic structures are stiffer but more brittle. The spacing of the eutectic phase can be controlled during processing as it is directly
762:
A second tunable strengthening mechanism of eutectic structures is the spacing of the secondary phase. By changing the spacing of the secondary phase, the fraction of contact between the two phases through shared phase boundaries is also changed. By decreasing the spacing of the eutectic phase,
2876:{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}\forall i<n\Rightarrow \ln x_{i}+{\frac {H_{i}^{\circ }}{RT}}-{\frac {H_{i}^{\circ }}{RT_{i}^{\circ }}}=0,\\\ln \left(1-\sum \limits _{i=1}^{n-1}x_{i}\right)+{\frac {H_{n}^{\circ }}{RT}}-{\frac {H_{n}^{\circ }}{RT_{n}^{\circ }}}=0,\end{cases}}}
4434:
The main argument of the present communication hinges upon the existence of compound bodies, whose chief characteristic is the lowness of their temperatures of fusion. This property of the bodies may be called
Eutexia, the bodies possessing it eutectic bodies or eutectics
1599:{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\partial G/T}{\partial T}}\right)_{P}={\frac {1}{T}}\left({\frac {\partial G}{\partial T}}\right)_{P}-{\frac {1}{T^{2}}}G=-{\frac {1}{T^{2}}}\left(G-T\left({\frac {\partial G}{\partial T}}\right)_{P}\right)=-{\frac {H}{T^{2}}}.}
1186:
1967:
2302:
1760:
1956:
2412:
4416:
232:
2427:
854:
690:, both solids at room temperature, form a eutectic that is a liquid at room temperature in the following proportions: 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5. Both substances are common ingredients in pharmacy extemporaneous preparations.
763:
creating a fine eutectic structure, more surface area is shared between the two constituent phases resulting in more effective load transfer. On the micro-scale, the additional boundary area acts as a barrier to
5095:
4345:
413:
transformations that occur during the solidification of a particular alloy composition can be understood by drawing a vertical line from the liquid phase to the solid phase on the phase diagram for that alloy.
1155:
Not all minimum melting point systems are "eutectic". The alternative of "poor solid solution" can be illustrated by comparing the common precious metal systems Cu-Ag and Cu-Au. Cu-Ag, source for example
1117:
Such a transformation exists in the iron-carbon system, as seen near the upper-left corner of the figure. It resembles an inverted eutectic, with the δ phase combining with the liquid to produce pure
210: 'melting'. Before his studies, chemists assumed "that the alloy of minimum fusing point must have its constituents in some simple atomic proportions", which was indeed proven to be not the case.
4527:
383:
As the temperature of a non-eutectic composition is lowered the liquid mixture will precipitate one component of the mixture before the other. In a hypereutectic solution, there will be a
1351:{\displaystyle G=H-TS\Rightarrow {\begin{cases}H=G+TS\\\left({\frac {\partial G}{\partial T}}\right)_{P}=-S\end{cases}}\Rightarrow H=G-T\left({\frac {\partial G}{\partial T}}\right)_{P}.}
2130:{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\partial \mu _{i}/T}{\partial T}}\right)_{P}={\frac {\partial }{\partial T}}\left(R\ln x_{i}\right)\Rightarrow R\ln x_{i}=-{\frac {H_{i}^{\circ }}{T}}+K.}
1000: is the undercooling of the material. So, by altering the undercooling, and by extension the cooling rate, the minimal achievable spacing of the secondary phase is controlled.
154:
of the component species are not always compatible in any mixing ratio to form a new type of joint crystal lattice. For example, in the silver-gold system the melt temperature (
5443:
2204:
1828:
1124:
At the peritectic decomposition temperature the compound, rather than melting, decomposes into another solid compound and a liquid. The proportion of each is determined by the
1642:
1028:
When the solution above the transformation point is solid, rather than liquid, an analogous eutectoid transformation can occur. For instance, in the iron-carbon system, the
1110:
causes such reactions to proceed much more slowly than eutectic or eutectoid transformations. Because of this, when a peritectic composition solidifies it does not show the
612:
form a eutectic mixture whose eutectic point is −21.2 °C and 23.3% salt by mass. The eutectic nature of salt and water is exploited when salt is spread on roads to aid
998:
768:
related to the cooling rate during solidification of the eutectic structure. For example, for a simple lamellar eutectic structure, the minimal lamellae spacing is:
4869:
2196:
2169:
1836:
1796:
299:{\displaystyle {\text{Liquid}}\quad {\xrightarrow{{\text{eutectic}} \atop {\text{temperature}}}}\quad \alpha {\text{ solid solution}}\ +\ \beta {\text{ solid solution}}}
5106:
2313:
1634:
964:
876:
340:
from a eutectic reaction depends on a few factors, with the most important factor being how the two solid solutions nucleate and grow. The most common structure is a
941:
907:
4714:, Davies, Nicholas A. & Nicholas, Beatrice M., "Eutectic compositions for hot melt jet inks", published 1994-03-29, issued 1994-03-29
2587:{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}\ln x_{i}+{\frac {H_{i}^{\circ }}{RT}}-{\frac {H_{i}^{\circ }}{RT_{i}^{\circ }}}=0,\\\sum \limits _{i=1}^{n}x_{i}=1.\end{cases}}}
5145:
4849:
4908:
773:
379:
compositions are characterized as those with a higher composition of species β and a lower composition of species α than the eutectic composition.
371:
compositions are those with a greater composition of species α and a smaller percent composition of species β than the eutectic composition (E)
5081:
5058:
5039:
5020:
4994:
756:
4548:
677:
2892:
4682:
5190:
529:, where diffusion can remove alloying elements from the joint, so that eutectic melting is only possible early in the brazing process
103:
623:
Ethanol–water has an unusually biased eutectic point, i.e. it is close to pure ethanol, which sets the maximum proof obtainable by
5138:
4603:
676:—both are solids at room temperature—form a eutectic that is an oil with a 16 °C (61 °F) melting point that is used in
162:) "meet at the pure element endpoints of the atomic ratio axis while slightly separating in the mixture region of this axis".
5280:
4829:
Wu, T.; Plotkowski, A.; Shyam, A.; Dunand, D.C. "Microstructure and creep properties of cast near-eutectic Al-Ce-Ni alloys".
139:
will melt at a lower temperature than the other's. Conversely, as a non-eutectic mixture cools down, each of its components
189:
31:
5433:
4578:
1173:
The composition and temperature of a eutectic can be calculated from enthalpy and entropy of fusion of each components.
1140:
1133:
1129:
135:
Non-eutectic mixture ratios have different melting temperatures for their different constituents, since one component's
5363:
5131:
4732:"Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources and Agricultural By-Products"
4463:
5514:
5504:
5418:
5310:
4362:
4730:
Socas-Rodriguez, Bárbara; Torres-Cornejo, Mónica Vanesa; Álvarez-Rivera, Gerardo; Mendiola, Jose A. (May 2021).
5295:
5230:
4853:
643:
345:
2307:
We obtain a relation that determines the molar fraction as a function of the temperature for each component:
5250:
1088:
421:
4899:
Das, Amit; Manna, Indranil; Pabi, S. K. (October 1999). "A numerical model of peritectoid transformation".
5348:
5343:
5200:
2297:{\displaystyle x_{i}=1\Rightarrow T=T_{i}^{\circ }\Rightarrow K={\frac {H_{i}^{\circ }}{T_{i}^{\circ }}}.}
639:
1755:{\displaystyle \mu _{i}=\mu _{i}^{\circ }+RT\ln {\frac {a_{i}}{a}}\approx \mu _{i}^{\circ }+RT\ln x_{i}.}
1079:
to create a completely different and single solid phase. The reaction plays a key role in the order and
5448:
5428:
967:
178:
4711:
1801:
733:. These liquid mixtures can be used, for example, to obtain antioxidant and antidiabetic extracts from
596:
5162:
5154:
4955:
584:
470:
alloy formula for electronics - and newer lead-free soldering alloys, in particular ones composed of
322:
4411:
2607:
2436:
1216:
5275:
5245:
1951:{\displaystyle \mu _{i}=\mu _{i}^{\circ }+RT\ln x_{i}=0\Rightarrow \mu _{i}^{\circ }=-RT\ln x_{i}.}
1064:
1019:
Iron–carbon phase diagram, showing the eutectoid transformation between austenite (γ) and pearlite.
1004:
701:
624:
310:
159:
113:
4556:
973:
5509:
4924:
2407:{\displaystyle R\ln x_{i}=-{\frac {H_{i}^{\circ }}{T}}+{\frac {H_{i}^{\circ }}{T_{i}^{\circ }}}.}
1111:
1033:
752:
341:
2174:
2147:
1768:
1098:
37:
4634:"Evaporation Behavior and Characterization of Eutectic Solvent and Ibuprofen Eutectic Solution"
5453:
5412:
5315:
5077:
5054:
5035:
5016:
4990:
4912:
4763:
4663:
4655:
4482:
4367:
1612:
946:
547:
314:
218:
136:
861:
41:
A phase diagram for a fictitious binary chemical mixture (with the two components denoted by
5388:
5383:
5215:
5175:
4963:
4916:
4883:
4753:
4743:
4690:
4645:
4425:
1084:
537:
516:
330:
166:
151:
68:
1015:
919:
885:
5358:
5290:
5255:
5240:
5235:
5185:
5069:
4392:
734:
647:
605:
557:
5373:
4942:
Brunet, Luc E.; Caillard, Jean; André, Pascal (June 2004). "Thermodynamic
Calculation of
1132:
phase diagram, for example, it can be seen that only two of the phases melt congruently,
533:
356:
Compositions of eutectic systems that are not at the eutectic point can be classified as
4959:
337:
120:
lower than those of the constituents. The lowest possible melting point over all of the
5423:
5378:
5368:
5285:
5180:
5170:
5091:
1068:
1003:
Strengthening metallic eutectic phases to resist deformation at high temperatures (see
879:
712:
541:
326:
318:
193:
4611:
4387:
5498:
5468:
5305:
5265:
5210:
1103:
1087:
phases in several alloy types. A similar structural transition is also predicted for
1080:
165:
In the real world, eutectic properties can be used to advantage in such processes as
129:
117:
4928:
4879:
5325:
5320:
4632:
Phaechamud, Thawatchai; Tuntarawongsa, Sarun; Charoensuksai, Purin (October 2016).
1048:. This eutectoid point occurs at 723 °C (1,333 °F) and 0.76 wt% carbon.
913:
613:
512:
170:
147:
121:
1161:
1157:
424:
of 3-phase motors for pumps, fans, conveyors, and other factory process equipment.
132:, the eutectic temperature is seen as the eutectic point (see plot on the right).
5478:
5393:
4874:
849:{\displaystyle \lambda ^{*}={\frac {2\gamma V_{m}T_{E}}{\Delta H*\Delta T_{0}}}}
764:
722:
519:
to gold-plated substrates through a silicon-gold eutectic by the application of
17:
4417:
The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin
Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science
5473:
5463:
5458:
5335:
4967:
4920:
4650:
4633:
4429:
1125:
1061:
726:
705:
673:
520:
174:
4878:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
4767:
4659:
616:, or mixed with ice to produce low temperatures (for example, in traditional
5483:
5438:
5353:
4887:
4356:
1636:
is calculated if we assume that the activity is equal to the concentration:
1118:
1037:
1029:
669:
617:
572:
561:
551:
506:
502:
498:
428:
4667:
751:
The primary strengthening mechanism of the eutectic structure in metals is
143:
into a lattice at a different temperature, until the entire mass is solid.
222:
Four eutectic structures: A) lamellar B) rod-like C) globular D) acicular.
5300:
1369:
derivative at constant pressure is calculated by the following equation:
1041:
155:
4758:
4748:
4731:
646:
plants. To reduce the eutectic melting point in the solar molten salts,
5403:
5205:
5195:
1045:
721:
chloride produces eutectic mixtures with many natural products such as
718:
697:
693:
687:
683:
580:
526:
494:
5123:
4579:"Does salt water expand as much as fresh water does when it freezes?"
730:
568:
479:
475:
448:
440:
247:
254:
49:) used to depict the eutectic composition, temperature, and point. (
4340:{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{c}\left=\left^{-1}.\left\end{array}}}
5225:
2144:
may be determined for a pure component with a melting temperature
1097:
1076:
1014:
609:
595:
409:
217:
140:
36:
1071:
reacting with each other upon cooling of a binary, ternary, ...,
309:
This type of reaction is an invariant reaction, because it is in
943: is the solidification temperature of the eutectic phase,
444:
432:
5127:
389:
phase of species β whereas a hypoeutectic solution will have a
344:, but other possible structures include rodlike, globular, and
576:
471:
436:
74:
333:
during which the temperature of the system does not change.
2869:
2580:
1288:
83:
638:, forms a eutectic molten salt mixture which is used for
92:
71:
4814:
Porter, D. A.; Easterling, K. E.; Sherif, M. Y. (2009).
4801:
Materials science and engineering : an introduction
1032:
phase can undergo a eutectoid transformation to produce
501:(at the composition of 4.3% carbon in iron producing an
27:
Mixture with a lower melting point than its constituents
5103:
3.091 Introduction to Solid State
Chemistry, Fall 2004
3780:
3022:
2905:
2897:
30:"Eutectic" redirects here. For the sports mascot, see
4585:. Department of Chemistry, Frostburg State University
2895:
2601:
2430:
2316:
2207:
2177:
2150:
1970:
1839:
1804:
1771:
1645:
1615:
1378:
1189:
976:
949:
922:
888:
864:
776:
317:
equals zero. Tangibly, this means the liquid and two
235:
104:
95:
86:
5444:
List of boiling and freezing information of solvents
188:
was coined in 1884 by
British physicist and chemist
89:
80:
5402:
5334:
5264:
5161:
1121:at 1,495 °C (2,723 °F) and 0.17% carbon.
600:
Solid–liquid phase change of ethanol–water mixtures
226:The eutectic solidification is defined as follows:
77:
4339:
2875:
2586:
2406:
2296:
2190:
2163:
2129:
1950:
1822:
1790:
1754:
1628:
1598:
1350:
992:
958:
935:
901:
870:
848:
579:) that are liquid at room temperature and used as
298:
4987:Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
1162:https://himikatus.ru/art/phase-diagr1/Au-Cu.php
1158:https://himikatus.ru/art/phase-diagr1/Ag-Cu.php
5011:Askeland, Donald R.; Pradeep P. Phule (2005).
650:is used in the following proportion: 42% Ca(NO
313:; another way to define this is the change in
5139:
8:
4909:The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
4514:
4502:
4450:
1114:that is found with eutectic solidification.
1147:, while the rest peritectically decompose.
32:St. Louis College of Pharmacy § Mascot
5146:
5132:
5124:
5032:Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys
4985:Smith, William F.; Hashemi, Javad (2006),
4901:Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A
4816:Phase transformations in metals and alloys
4689:. James Madison University. Archived from
4498:
4496:
4494:
4481:Britain), Chemical Society (Great (1885).
711:Some inks are eutectic mixtures, allowing
192:(1833–1886). The word originates from
173:are bonded to gold-plated substrates with
4948:International Journal of Modern Physics C
4850:"Iron-Iron Carbide Phase Diagram Example"
4757:
4747:
4649:
4547:Muldrew, Ken; Locksley E. McGann (1997).
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2015:
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234:
5013:The Science and Engineering of Materials
420:NEMA Eutectic Alloy Overload Relays for
321:all coexist at the same time and are in
4555:. University of Calgary. Archived from
4379:
1040:, often in lamellar structures such as
416:Some uses for eutectic alloys include:
4785:(2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
2421:components is described by the system
431:, both traditional alloys composed of
5105:. MIT Open Courseware. Archived from
5096:"Phase Equilibria and Phase Diagrams"
4794:
4792:
4583:Solutions: Frequently asked questions
757:strengthening mechanisms of materials
700:rocks, giving rise to characteristic
7:
678:eutectic mixture of local anesthetic
4209:
3673:
3612:
3551:
3490:
3429:
2744:
2541:
560:, with extremely high strength and
4875:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
2998:
2973:
2947:
2928:
2909:
2610:
2030:
2026:
2002:
1979:
1546:
1538:
1451:
1443:
1403:
1387:
1326:
1318:
1257:
1249:
977:
950:
830:
821:
255:
124:of the constituents is called the
25:
4848:Ballentine, Kim (28 April 1996).
1823:{\displaystyle \mu _{i}^{\circ }}
1180:depends on its own differential:
715:to operate at lower temperatures.
385:
4954:(5). World Scientific: 675–687.
4783:Mechanical behavior of materials
4410:Guthrie, Frederick (June 1884).
439:(Sn), sometimes with additional
391:
150:have eutectic points, since the
67:
4946:-component Eutectic Mixtures".
4484:Journal of the Chemical Society
270:
241:
5074:Physical Metallurgy Principles
4464:"Collection of Phase Diagrams"
4393:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
2622:
2248:
2224:
2068:
1899:
1292:
1208:
696:may form eutectic mixtures in
1:
4989:(4th ed.), McGraw-Hill,
4359:, or constant boiling mixture
585:fast neutron nuclear reactors
5434:Inorganic nonaqueous solvent
5049:Mortimer, Robert G. (2000).
4528:"Operation of the Overloads"
1961:Using and integrating gives
1060:transformation is a type of
993:{\displaystyle \Delta T_{0}}
532:Temperature response, e.g.,
5030:Easterling, Edward (1992).
4608:Archimede Solar Plant Specs
1089:rotating columnar crystals.
970:of the eutectic phase, and
882:of the two-phase boundary,
704:exhibited, for example, by
5531:
5419:Acid dissociation constant
4553:Cryobiology—A Short Course
2191:{\displaystyle H^{\circ }}
2171:and an enthalpy of fusion
2164:{\displaystyle T^{\circ }}
1791:{\displaystyle \mu _{i}=0}
158:) and freeze temperature (
53:denotes the liquid state.)
29:
4968:10.1142/S0129183104006121
4921:10.1007/s11661-999-0295-2
4799:Callister, W. D. (2010).
4681:Fichter, Lynn S. (2000).
4651:10.1208/s12249-015-0459-x
4604:"Molten salts properties"
4430:10.1080/14786448408627543
4363:Freezing-point depression
2140:The integration constant
352:Non-eutectic compositions
214:Eutectic phase transition
203: 'well' and
4781:Courtney, T. H. (1990).
4683:"Igneous Phase Diagrams"
4515:Smith & Hashemi 2006
4503:Smith & Hashemi 2006
4451:Smith & Hashemi 2006
1629:{\displaystyle \mu _{i}}
959:{\displaystyle \Delta H}
742:Strengthening mechanisms
644:concentrated solar power
493:Casting alloys, such as
329:for the duration of the
5384:Solubility table (data)
5251:Apparent molar property
5076:. Thomson-Engineering.
5015:. Thomson-Engineering.
4888:10.1351/goldbook.P04501
2886:which can be solved by
1609:The chemical potential
916:of the eutectic phase,
871:{\displaystyle \gamma }
5349:Total dissolved solids
5344:Solubility equilibrium
5269:and related quantities
4341:
4234:
3698:
3637:
3576:
3515:
3454:
2877:
2769:
2588:
2560:
2408:
2298:
2192:
2165:
2131:
1952:
1824:
1792:
1756:
1630:
1600:
1352:
1176:The Gibbs free energy
1106:
1020:
994:
960:
937:
903:
872:
850:
640:thermal energy storage
630:"Solar salt", 60% NaNO
601:
550:replacements, such as
300:
268:
223:
54:
5449:Partition coefficient
5429:Polar aprotic solvent
4577:Senese, Fred (1999).
4342:
4208:
3672:
3611:
3550:
3489:
3428:
2878:
2743:
2589:
2540:
2409:
2299:
2193:
2166:
2132:
1953:
1825:
1793:
1757:
1631:
1601:
1353:
1101:
1018:
1011:Other critical points
995:
968:enthalpy of formation
961:
938:
936:{\displaystyle T_{E}}
904:
902:{\displaystyle V_{m}}
873:
851:
599:
422:electrical protection
301:
243:
221:
179:Cadillac Blackwing V8
40:
5364:Enthalpy of solution
5291:Volume concentration
5286:Number concentration
4880:Peritectoid reaction
4859:on 16 February 2008.
2893:
2599:
2428:
2314:
2205:
2175:
2148:
1968:
1837:
1802:
1769:
1765:At the equilibrium,
1643:
1613:
1376:
1187:
1169:Eutectic calculation
1151:"Bad solid solution"
974:
947:
920:
886:
862:
774:
702:intergrowth textures
680:(EMLA) preparations.
427:Eutectic alloys for
336:The resulting solid
323:chemical equilibrium
293: solid solution
276: solid solution
233:
181:introduced in 2018.
126:eutectic temperature
5276:Molar concentration
5246:Dilution (equation)
4960:2004IJMPC..15..675B
4749:10.3390/app11114897
4517:, pp. 332–333.
4487:. Chemical Society.
4468:www.crct.polymtl.ca
4320:
4301:
4271:
4181:
4156:
4120:
4056:
4037:
4007:
3962:
3943:
3913:
3868:
3849:
3819:
3736:
3388:
3257:
3172:
3087:
2853:
2834:
2804:
2709:
2690:
2660:
2523:
2504:
2474:
2398:
2383:
2358:
2288:
2273:
2247:
2112:
1916:
1867:
1819:
1723:
1673:
1067:that has two solid
1065:reversible reaction
755:strengthening (See
625:fractional freezing
567:Eutectic alloys of
523:energy to the chip.
311:thermal equilibrium
267:
253:
114:homogeneous mixture
5316:Isotopic abundance
5281:Mass concentration
5155:Chemical solutions
5068:Reed-Hill, R. E.;
5053:. Academic Press.
5051:Physical Chemistry
4831:Mater. Sci. Eng. A
4453:, pp. 326–327
4396:. Merriam-Webster.
4337:
4335:
4327:
4306:
4287:
4257:
4161:
4136:
4100:
4042:
4023:
3993:
3948:
3929:
3899:
3854:
3835:
3805:
3757:
3722:
3368:
3243:
3158:
3073:
3007:
2873:
2868:
2839:
2820:
2790:
2695:
2676:
2646:
2584:
2579:
2509:
2490:
2460:
2404:
2384:
2369:
2344:
2294:
2274:
2259:
2233:
2188:
2161:
2127:
2098:
1948:
1902:
1853:
1820:
1805:
1788:
1752:
1709:
1659:
1626:
1596:
1348:
1287:
1112:lamellar structure
1107:
1021:
990:
956:
933:
899:
868:
846:
602:
447:(Au) — especially
342:lamellar structure
325:. There is also a
296:
224:
55:
5515:Phase transitions
5505:Materials science
5492:
5491:
5083:978-0-534-92173-6
5060:978-0-12-508345-4
5041:978-0-7487-5741-1
5022:978-0-534-55396-8
4996:978-0-07-295358-9
4913:ASM International
4638:AAPS PharmSciTech
4412:"LII. On eutexia"
4368:Low melting alloy
4322:
4280:
4183:
4129:
4058:
4016:
3964:
3922:
3870:
3828:
3752:
3712:
3651:
3590:
3529:
3468:
3404:
3273:
3188:
3103:
2855:
2813:
2711:
2669:
2525:
2483:
2399:
2362:
2289:
2116:
2037:
2009:
1704:
1591:
1553:
1514:
1488:
1458:
1433:
1410:
1333:
1264:
1005:creep deformation
844:
495:aluminium-silicon
315:Gibbs free energy
294:
287:
281:
277:
266:
264:
259:
251:
239:
190:Frederick Guthrie
152:valence electrons
112:) is a type of a
16:(Redirected from
5522:
5389:Solubility chart
5216:Phase separation
5176:Aqueous solution
5148:
5141:
5134:
5125:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5111:
5100:
5087:
5064:
5045:
5026:
5000:
4972:
4971:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4896:
4890:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4852:. Archived from
4845:
4839:
4838:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4796:
4787:
4786:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4761:
4751:
4736:Applied Sciences
4727:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4653:
4644:(5): 1213–1220.
4629:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4610:. Archived from
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4549:"Phase Diagrams"
4544:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4524:
4518:
4512:
4506:
4500:
4489:
4488:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4460:
4454:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4424:(108): 462–482.
4407:
4398:
4397:
4384:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4314:
4300:
4295:
4286:
4281:
4279:
4270:
4265:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4233:
4222:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4175:
4155:
4150:
4135:
4130:
4128:
4119:
4114:
4099:
4094:
4093:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4050:
4036:
4031:
4022:
4017:
4015:
4006:
4001:
3992:
3987:
3986:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3956:
3942:
3937:
3928:
3923:
3921:
3912:
3907:
3898:
3893:
3892:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3862:
3848:
3843:
3834:
3829:
3827:
3818:
3813:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3771:
3770:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3735:
3730:
3721:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3697:
3686:
3664:
3656:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3636:
3625:
3603:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3575:
3564:
3542:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3514:
3503:
3481:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3453:
3442:
3420:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3387:
3382:
3367:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3342:
3309:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3256:
3251:
3242:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3213:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3171:
3166:
3157:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3123:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3086:
3081:
3072:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3033:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2847:
2833:
2828:
2819:
2814:
2812:
2803:
2798:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2768:
2757:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2703:
2689:
2684:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2659:
2654:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2570:
2569:
2559:
2554:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2517:
2503:
2498:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2473:
2468:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2397:
2392:
2382:
2377:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2352:
2343:
2335:
2334:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2272:
2267:
2258:
2246:
2241:
2217:
2216:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2117:
2111:
2106:
2097:
2089:
2088:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2038:
2036:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1977:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1915:
1910:
1892:
1891:
1866:
1861:
1849:
1848:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1722:
1717:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1690:
1672:
1667:
1655:
1654:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1500:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1434:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1385:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1324:
1316:
1291:
1290:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1255:
1247:
1085:quasicrystalline
999:
997:
996:
991:
989:
988:
965:
963:
962:
957:
942:
940:
939:
934:
932:
931:
908:
906:
905:
900:
898:
897:
877:
875:
874:
869:
855:
853:
852:
847:
845:
843:
842:
841:
819:
818:
817:
808:
807:
791:
786:
785:
735:natural products
583:in experimental
305:
303:
302:
297:
295:
292:
285:
279:
278:
275:
269:
265:
262:
260:
257:
252:
249:
240:
237:
167:eutectic bonding
108:
102:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
73:
63:eutectic mixture
21:
18:Eutectic mixture
5530:
5529:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5519:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5488:
5398:
5359:Solvation shell
5330:
5268:
5260:
5256:Miscibility gap
5241:Serial dilution
5236:Supersaturation
5186:Buffer solution
5157:
5152:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5098:
5092:Sadoway, Donald
5090:
5084:
5070:Reza Abbaschian
5067:
5061:
5048:
5042:
5029:
5023:
5010:
5007:
5005:Further reading
4997:
4984:
4981:
4976:
4975:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4868:
4864:
4856:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4828:
4827:
4823:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4798:
4797:
4790:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4696:
4694:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4617:
4615:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4588:
4586:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4562:
4560:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4513:
4509:
4501:
4492:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4449:
4445:
4432:. p. 462:
4409:
4408:
4401:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4376:
4353:
4334:
4333:
4326:
4325:
4302:
4272:
4236:
4197:
4187:
4186:
4157:
4121:
4079:
4069:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4038:
4008:
3978:
3968:
3967:
3944:
3914:
3884:
3874:
3873:
3850:
3820:
3790:
3775:
3756:
3755:
3741:
3737:
3714:
3700:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3639:
3604:
3596:
3592:
3578:
3543:
3535:
3531:
3517:
3482:
3474:
3470:
3456:
3421:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3393:
3389:
3360:
3343:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3262:
3258:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3214:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3177:
3173:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3124:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3092:
3088:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3034:
3017:
3016:
3006:
3005:
2994:
2993:
2976:
2969:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2950:
2943:
2942:
2931:
2924:
2923:
2912:
2900:
2891:
2890:
2867:
2866:
2835:
2805:
2770:
2736:
2732:
2723:
2722:
2691:
2661:
2631:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2578:
2577:
2561:
2537:
2536:
2505:
2475:
2445:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2417:The mixture of
2326:
2312:
2311:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2080:
2053:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2001:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1935:
1883:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1830:is obtained as
1800:
1799:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1739:
1691:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1581:
1545:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1520:
1516:
1504:
1478:
1450:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1402:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1325:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1286:
1285:
1256:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1212:
1185:
1184:
1171:
1153:
1144:
1137:
1102:Gold–aluminium
1096:
1054:
1026:
1013:
980:
972:
971:
945:
944:
923:
918:
917:
889:
884:
883:
860:
859:
858:Where is
833:
820:
809:
799:
792:
777:
772:
771:
749:
744:
713:inkjet printers
665:
661:
657:
653:
648:calcium nitrate
637:
633:
606:Sodium chloride
594:
542:fire sprinklers
517:eutectic bonded
489:
485:
482:(Cu) such as Sn
469:
465:
461:
456:
452:
406:
401:
354:
319:solid solutions
231:
230:
216:
106:
70:
66:
59:eutectic system
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5528:
5526:
5518:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5497:
5496:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5424:Protic solvent
5421:
5416:
5408:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5369:Lattice energy
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5340:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5272:
5270:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5221:Eutectic point
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5181:Solid solution
5178:
5173:
5171:Ideal solution
5167:
5165:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5128:
5122:
5121:
5088:
5082:
5065:
5059:
5046:
5040:
5027:
5021:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4995:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4934:
4891:
4862:
4840:
4821:
4806:
4788:
4773:
4722:
4703:
4673:
4624:
4595:
4569:
4539:
4519:
4507:
4505:, p. 327.
4490:
4473:
4455:
4443:
4420:. 5th series.
4399:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4331:
4318:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4269:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4250:
4243:
4239:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4189:
4188:
4179:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4127:
4124:
4118:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4097:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4054:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4014:
4011:
4005:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3960:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3941:
3936:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3866:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3826:
3823:
3817:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3715:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3663:
3660:
3654:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3602:
3599:
3593:
3585:
3581:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3541:
3538:
3532:
3524:
3520:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3480:
3477:
3471:
3463:
3459:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3419:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2884:
2883:
2870:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2594:
2581:
2576:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2415:
2414:
2403:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2305:
2304:
2293:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2185:
2181:
2158:
2154:
2138:
2137:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1959:
1958:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1763:
1762:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1623:
1619:
1607:
1606:
1595:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1432:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1359:
1358:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1251:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1170:
1167:
1152:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1095:
1092:
1053:
1050:
1025:
1022:
1012:
1009:
987:
983:
979:
955:
952:
930:
926:
896:
892:
880:surface energy
867:
840:
836:
832:
829:
826:
823:
816:
812:
806:
802:
798:
795:
789:
784:
780:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
738:
716:
709:
691:
681:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
635:
631:
628:
621:
593:
590:
589:
588:
565:
554:
544:
530:
524:
510:
491:
487:
483:
467:
463:
459:
454:
450:
425:
405:
402:
400:
397:
381:
380:
373:
372:
353:
350:
338:macrostructure
327:thermal arrest
307:
306:
290:
284:
273:
246:
215:
212:
187:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5527:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5401:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5333:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5311:Mass fraction
5309:
5307:
5306:Mole fraction
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5266:Concentration
5263:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5211:Phase diagram
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5191:Flory–Huggins
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5149:
5144:
5142:
5137:
5135:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5112:on 2005-10-20
5108:
5104:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5066:
5062:
5056:
5052:
5047:
5043:
5037:
5033:
5028:
5024:
5018:
5014:
5009:
5008:
5004:
4998:
4992:
4988:
4983:
4982:
4978:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4938:
4935:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4915:: 2563–2573.
4914:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4895:
4892:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4863:
4855:
4851:
4844:
4841:
4836:
4832:
4825:
4822:
4817:
4810:
4807:
4802:
4795:
4793:
4789:
4784:
4777:
4774:
4769:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4726:
4723:
4713:
4707:
4704:
4693:on 2011-06-28
4692:
4688:
4687:Igneous Rocks
4684:
4677:
4674:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4628:
4625:
4614:on 2020-04-20
4613:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4596:
4584:
4580:
4573:
4570:
4559:on 2006-06-15
4558:
4554:
4550:
4543:
4540:
4529:
4523:
4520:
4516:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4477:
4474:
4469:
4465:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4444:
4440:
4438:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4329:
4316:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4273:
4267:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4248:
4241:
4237:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4177:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4125:
4122:
4116:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4090:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4065:
4052:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4009:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3958:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3909:
3904:
3900:
3894:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3864:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3821:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3764:
3759:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3669:
3666:
3661:
3658:
3644:
3640:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3608:
3605:
3600:
3597:
3583:
3579:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3547:
3544:
3539:
3536:
3522:
3518:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3486:
3483:
3478:
3475:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3425:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3306:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3195:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3001:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2965:
2955:
2951:
2936:
2932:
2917:
2913:
2901:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2574:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2401:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2291:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2183:
2179:
2156:
2152:
2143:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2064:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1621:
1617:
1593:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1541:
1532:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1446:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1321:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1138:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1105:
1104:phase diagram
1100:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:decomposition
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1023:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1001:
985:
981:
969:
966: is the
953:
928:
924:
915:
911:
894:
890:
881:
865:
856:
838:
834:
827:
824:
814:
810:
804:
800:
796:
793:
787:
782:
778:
769:
766:
760:
758:
754:
746:
741:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
717:
714:
710:
707:
703:
699:
695:
692:
689:
685:
682:
679:
675:
671:
668:
649:
645:
641:
629:
626:
622:
619:
615:
611:
607:
604:
603:
598:
591:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
563:
559:
558:glassy metals
556:Experimental
555:
553:
549:
545:
543:
539:
538:Field's metal
535:
531:
528:
525:
522:
518:
514:
513:Silicon chips
511:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
481:
477:
473:
457:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
423:
419:
418:
417:
414:
411:
403:
398:
396:
394:
393:
388:
387:
378:
377:Hypereutectic
375:
374:
370:
367:
366:
365:
363:
362:hypereutectic
359:
351:
349:
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
288:
282:
271:
244:
229:
228:
227:
220:
213:
211:
209:
205:
202:
198:
195:
191:
185:
182:
180:
176:
172:
171:silicon chips
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
148:binary alloys
144:
142:
138:
133:
131:
130:phase diagram
127:
123:
122:mixing ratios
119:
118:melting point
115:
111:
110:
100:
64:
60:
52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
5374:Raoult's law
5326:Ternary plot
5321:Mixing ratio
5220:
5114:. Retrieved
5107:the original
5102:
5073:
5050:
5031:
5012:
4986:
4979:Bibliography
4951:
4947:
4943:
4937:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4873:
4865:
4854:the original
4843:
4834:
4830:
4824:
4815:
4809:
4800:
4782:
4776:
4759:10261/253199
4739:
4735:
4725:
4706:
4695:. Retrieved
4691:the original
4686:
4676:
4641:
4637:
4627:
4616:. Retrieved
4612:the original
4607:
4598:
4587:. Retrieved
4582:
4572:
4561:. Retrieved
4557:the original
4552:
4542:
4531:. Retrieved
4522:
4510:
4483:
4476:
4467:
4458:
4446:
4436:
4433:
4421:
4415:
4391:
4382:
2885:
2418:
2416:
2306:
2141:
2139:
1960:
1764:
1608:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1154:
1123:
1116:
1108:
1072:
1057:
1055:
1027:
1002:
914:molar volume
909:
857:
770:
765:dislocations
761:
750:
662:and 15% NaNO
614:snow removal
534:Wood's metal
415:
407:
390:
386:proeutectoid
384:
382:
376:
369:Hypoeutectic
368:
361:
358:hypoeutectic
357:
355:
335:
331:phase change
308:
225:
207:
204:
200:
197:
183:
164:
145:
134:
125:
62:
58:
56:
50:
46:
42:
5479:Lyonium ion
5394:Miscibility
5379:Henry's law
4742:(1): 4897.
4712:US 5298062A
1058:peritectoid
1052:Peritectoid
723:citric acid
634:and 40% KNO
392:proeutectic
263:temperature
116:that has a
5499:Categories
5474:Amphiphile
5469:Lipophilic
5464:Hydrophile
5459:Hydrophobe
5336:Solubility
5231:Saturation
5201:Suspension
5116:2006-04-12
4697:2006-04-29
4618:2011-07-15
4589:2006-04-29
4563:2006-04-29
4533:2015-08-05
4388:"eutectic"
4374:References
1361:Thus, the
1126:lever rule
1094:Peritectic
1062:isothermal
727:malic acid
706:granophyre
674:prilocaine
564:resistance
546:Non-toxic
521:ultrasonic
478:(Ag), and
175:ultrasound
141:solidifies
5510:Chemistry
5484:Lyate ion
5439:Solvation
5354:Solvation
5296:Normality
4768:2076-3417
4660:1530-9932
4437:εὖ τήκειν
4357:Azeotrope
4317:∘
4298:∘
4283:−
4268:∘
4228:−
4210:∑
4206:−
4195:
4178:∘
4170:−
4153:∘
4145:−
4132:−
4117:∘
4109:−
4088:−
4077:
4066:⋮
4053:∘
4034:∘
4019:−
4004:∘
3976:
3959:∘
3940:∘
3925:−
3910:∘
3882:
3865:∘
3846:∘
3831:−
3816:∘
3788:
3765:−
3733:∘
3718:−
3692:−
3674:∑
3670:−
3659:−
3631:−
3613:∑
3609:−
3598:−
3570:−
3552:∑
3548:−
3537:−
3509:−
3491:∑
3487:−
3476:−
3448:−
3430:∑
3426:−
3415:−
3385:∘
3377:−
3364:−
3352:−
3307:⋮
3301:⋱
3296:⋱
3291:⋱
3286:⋱
3281:⋮
3254:∘
3239:−
3169:∘
3154:−
3084:∘
3069:−
2999:Δ
2985:−
2974:Δ
2966:⋮
2948:Δ
2929:Δ
2910:Δ
2850:∘
2831:∘
2816:−
2801:∘
2763:−
2745:∑
2741:−
2730:
2706:∘
2687:∘
2672:−
2657:∘
2629:
2623:⇒
2611:∀
2542:∑
2520:∘
2501:∘
2486:−
2471:∘
2443:
2395:∘
2380:∘
2355:∘
2340:−
2324:
2285:∘
2270:∘
2249:⇒
2244:∘
2225:⇒
2184:∘
2157:∘
2109:∘
2094:−
2078:
2069:⇒
2051:
2031:∂
2027:∂
2003:∂
1984:μ
1980:∂
1933:
1921:−
1913:∘
1904:μ
1900:⇒
1881:
1864:∘
1855:μ
1842:μ
1816:∘
1807:μ
1774:μ
1737:
1720:∘
1711:μ
1707:≈
1687:
1670:∘
1661:μ
1648:μ
1618:μ
1574:−
1547:∂
1539:∂
1525:−
1497:−
1471:−
1452:∂
1444:∂
1404:∂
1388:∂
1327:∂
1319:∂
1305:−
1293:⇒
1280:−
1258:∂
1250:∂
1209:⇒
1200:−
1128:. In the
1119:austenite
1038:cementite
1030:austenite
1024:Eutectoid
978:Δ
951:Δ
866:γ
831:Δ
828:∗
822:Δ
797:γ
783:∗
779:λ
753:composite
670:Lidocaine
658:, 43% KNO
618:ice cream
573:potassium
562:corrosion
552:galinstan
509:eutectic)
507:cementite
503:austenite
499:cast iron
435:(Pb) and
429:soldering
408:Eutectic
395:α phase.
289:β
272:α
184:The term
5454:Polarity
5413:Category
5301:Molality
5163:Solution
5094:(2004).
5072:(1992).
4929:95279944
4668:26669887
4351:See also
1042:pearlite
694:Minerals
620:making).
443:(Ag) or
346:acicular
258:eutectic
245:→
186:eutectic
169:, where
156:liquidus
146:Not all
5404:Solvent
5206:Colloid
5196:Mixture
5034:. CRC.
4956:Bibcode
1798:, thus
1046:bainite
1034:ferrite
912:is the
878:is the
719:Choline
698:igneous
688:camphor
684:Menthol
581:coolant
548:mercury
527:Brazing
250:cooling
208:(têxis)
160:solidus
137:lattice
128:. On a
5080:
5057:
5038:
5019:
4993:
4927:
4907:(10).
4766:
4718:
4666:
4658:
1069:phases
910:
747:Alloys
731:sugars
592:Others
569:sodium
480:copper
476:silver
474:(Sn),
458:and Sn
441:silver
410:alloys
404:Alloys
286:
280:
238:Liquid
201:- (eû)
5226:Alloy
5110:(PDF)
5099:(PDF)
4925:S2CID
4870:IUPAC
4857:(PDF)
4837:: 12.
1130:Al-Au
1077:alloy
1075:-ary
610:water
399:Types
206:τῆξῐς
196:
194:Greek
5078:ISBN
5055:ISBN
5036:ISBN
5017:ISBN
4991:ISBN
4764:ISSN
4664:PMID
4656:ISSN
2617:<
1139:and
1134:AuAl
1044:and
1036:and
729:and
686:and
672:and
608:and
571:and
540:for
536:and
515:are
497:and
484:96.5
445:gold
433:lead
109:-tik
105:yoo-
45:and
4964:doi
4917:doi
4884:doi
4882:".
4835:833
4754:hdl
4744:doi
4646:doi
4426:doi
1083:of
642:in
577:NaK
488:3.5
472:tin
437:tin
364::
360:or
107:TEK
61:or
5501::
5101:.
4962:.
4952:15
4950:.
4923:.
4911:,
4905:30
4903:.
4872:,
4833:.
4791:^
4762:.
4752:.
4740:11
4738:.
4734:.
4685:.
4662:.
4654:.
4642:17
4640:.
4636:.
4606:.
4581:.
4551:.
4493:^
4466:.
4439:).
4422:17
4414:.
4402:^
4390:.
4192:ln
4074:ln
3973:ln
3879:ln
3785:ln
2727:ln
2626:ln
2575:1.
2440:ln
2321:ln
2198::
2075:ln
2048:ln
1930:ln
1878:ln
1734:ln
1684:ln
1145:Al
1141:Au
1056:A
725:,
660:3,
486:Ag
466:Ag
464:36
462:Pb
460:62
455:37
453:Pb
451:63
449:Sn
348:.
199:εὐ
75:uː
57:A
5415:)
5411:(
5147:e
5140:t
5133:v
5119:.
5086:.
5063:.
5044:.
5025:.
4999:.
4970:.
4966::
4958::
4944:n
4931:.
4919::
4886::
4818:.
4803:.
4770:.
4756::
4746::
4700:.
4670:.
4648::
4621:.
4592:.
4566:.
4536:.
4470:.
4435:(
4428::
4330:]
4312:n
4308:T
4304:R
4293:n
4289:H
4277:T
4274:R
4263:n
4259:H
4253:+
4249:)
4242:i
4238:x
4231:1
4225:n
4220:1
4217:=
4214:i
4203:1
4199:(
4173:1
4167:n
4163:T
4159:R
4148:1
4142:n
4138:H
4126:T
4123:R
4112:1
4106:n
4102:H
4096:+
4091:1
4085:n
4081:x
4048:3
4044:T
4040:R
4029:3
4025:H
4013:T
4010:R
3999:3
3995:H
3989:+
3984:3
3980:x
3954:2
3950:T
3946:R
3935:2
3931:H
3919:T
3916:R
3905:2
3901:H
3895:+
3890:2
3886:x
3860:1
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3852:R
3841:1
3837:H
3825:T
3822:R
3811:1
3807:H
3801:+
3796:1
3792:x
3777:[
3773:.
3768:1
3760:]
3747:2
3743:T
3739:R
3728:n
3724:H
3706:i
3702:x
3695:1
3689:n
3684:1
3681:=
3678:i
3667:1
3662:1
3645:i
3641:x
3634:1
3628:n
3623:1
3620:=
3617:i
3606:1
3601:1
3584:i
3580:x
3573:1
3567:n
3562:1
3559:=
3556:i
3545:1
3540:1
3523:i
3519:x
3512:1
3506:n
3501:1
3498:=
3495:i
3484:1
3479:1
3462:i
3458:x
3451:1
3445:n
3440:1
3437:=
3434:i
3423:1
3418:1
3399:2
3395:T
3391:R
3380:1
3374:n
3370:H
3355:1
3349:n
3345:x
3340:/
3336:1
3330:0
3325:0
3320:0
3315:0
3268:2
3264:T
3260:R
3249:3
3245:H
3233:0
3228:0
3220:3
3216:x
3211:/
3207:1
3201:0
3196:0
3183:2
3179:T
3175:R
3164:2
3160:H
3148:0
3143:0
3138:0
3130:2
3126:x
3121:/
3117:1
3111:0
3098:2
3094:T
3090:R
3079:1
3075:H
3063:0
3058:0
3053:0
3048:0
3040:1
3036:x
3031:/
3027:1
3019:[
3014:=
3010:]
3002:T
2988:1
2982:n
2978:x
2956:3
2952:x
2937:2
2933:x
2918:1
2914:x
2902:[
2864:,
2861:0
2858:=
2845:n
2841:T
2837:R
2826:n
2822:H
2810:T
2807:R
2796:n
2792:H
2786:+
2782:)
2776:i
2772:x
2766:1
2760:n
2755:1
2752:=
2749:i
2738:1
2734:(
2720:,
2717:0
2714:=
2701:i
2697:T
2693:R
2682:i
2678:H
2666:T
2663:R
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2648:H
2642:+
2637:i
2633:x
2620:n
2614:i
2605:{
2572:=
2567:i
2563:x
2557:n
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2549:=
2546:i
2534:,
2531:0
2528:=
2515:i
2511:T
2507:R
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2456:+
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2434:{
2419:n
2402:.
2390:i
2386:T
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2337:=
2332:i
2328:x
2318:R
2292:.
2280:i
2276:T
2265:i
2261:H
2255:=
2252:K
2239:i
2235:T
2231:=
2228:T
2222:1
2219:=
2214:i
2210:x
2180:H
2153:T
2142:K
2125:.
2122:K
2119:+
2114:T
2104:i
2100:H
2091:=
2086:i
2082:x
2072:R
2065:)
2059:i
2055:x
2045:R
2041:(
2034:T
2022:=
2017:P
2012:)
2006:T
1998:T
1994:/
1988:i
1974:(
1946:.
1941:i
1937:x
1927:T
1924:R
1918:=
1908:i
1897:0
1894:=
1889:i
1885:x
1875:T
1872:R
1869:+
1859:i
1851:=
1846:i
1811:i
1786:0
1783:=
1778:i
1750:.
1745:i
1741:x
1731:T
1728:R
1725:+
1715:i
1702:a
1697:i
1693:a
1681:T
1678:R
1675:+
1665:i
1657:=
1652:i
1622:i
1594:.
1587:2
1583:T
1579:H
1571:=
1567:)
1561:P
1556:)
1550:T
1542:G
1533:(
1528:T
1522:G
1518:(
1510:2
1506:T
1502:1
1494:=
1491:G
1484:2
1480:T
1476:1
1466:P
1461:)
1455:T
1447:G
1438:(
1431:T
1428:1
1423:=
1418:P
1413:)
1407:T
1399:T
1395:/
1391:G
1382:(
1367:T
1365:/
1363:G
1346:.
1341:P
1336:)
1330:T
1322:G
1313:(
1308:T
1302:G
1299:=
1296:H
1283:S
1277:=
1272:P
1267:)
1261:T
1253:G
1244:(
1235:S
1232:T
1229:+
1226:G
1223:=
1220:H
1214:{
1206:S
1203:T
1197:H
1194:=
1191:G
1178:G
1143:2
1136:2
1073:n
986:0
982:T
954:H
929:E
925:T
895:m
891:V
839:0
835:T
825:H
815:E
811:T
805:m
801:V
794:2
788:=
737:.
708:.
666:.
664:3
656:2
654:)
652:3
636:3
632:3
627:.
587:.
575:(
505:-
490:.
468:2
283:+
99:/
96:k
93:ɪ
90:t
87:k
84:ɛ
81:t
78:ˈ
72:j
69:/
65:(
51:L
47:B
43:A
34:.
20:)
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