Evidence-based education - Knowledge (XXG)

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standards among teachers, principals, and superintendents, but buy-in was significantly lower for teachers, b) there is wide variation in teachers' alignment to the standards by content area and grade level, c) specificity is desired by some educators, however states and districts are reluctant to provide too much specificity, d) State officials generally agree that accountability changes under ESSA have allowed them to adopt a "smart power" message that is less punitive and more supportive.

1879:(Emeritus professor, UCL Institute of Education). And finally, it offers frequent, free online video presentations on subjects such as curriculum design, simplifying your practice, unleashing teachers' expertise, the bridge over the reading gap, education post-corona, remote teaching, teaching critical thinking, etc. The free presentations are also available on its YouTube channel. ResearchED has been featured in online debates about so called "teacher populism". 742:, emeritus Professor of Educational Assessment at University College London, speaking at researchED stated that "Educational research will never tell teachers what to do; their classrooms are too complex for this ever to be possible." Instead, he suggests, teachers should become critical users of educational research and "aware of when even well-established research findings are likely to fail to apply in a particular setting". 689:(ESSA) that replaced "scientifically based research" with "evidence-based interventions" (any "activity, strategy, or intervention that shows a statistically significant effect on improving student outcomes or other relevant outcomes"). ESSA has four tiers of evidence that some say gives schools and policy makers greater control because they can choose the desired tier of evidence. The evidence tiers are as follows: 1867:, a U.K. based non-profit since 2013 has organized education conferences around the world (e.g. Africa, Australia, Asia, Canada, the E.U., the Middle East, New Zealand, the U.K. and the U.S.) featuring researchers and educators in order to "promote collaboration between research-users and research-creators". It has been described as a "grass-roots teacher-led project that aims to make teachers research-literate and 7705: 6713: 6723: 5935: 678:(RSA) conducted an inquiry into the role of research in teacher education in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The final report made it clear that research and teacher inquiry were of paramount importance in developing self-improving schools. It advocated for a closer working partnership between teacher-researchers and the wider academic research community. 7715: 3213:"A rich web of knowledge is what provides the capacity for pupils to learn even more and develop their understanding. This does not preclude the importance of skill. Knowledge and skill are intrinsically linked ... Knowledge and the capacity it provides to apply skills and deepen understanding are, therefore, essential ingredients of successful curriculum design" 1820:(IES), Washington, DC, is the statistics, research, and evaluation arm of the U.S. Department of Education. It funds independent education research, evaluation and statistics. It published a Synthesis of its Research on Early Intervention and Early Childhood Education in 2013. Its publications and products can be searched by author, subject, etc. 7693: 1032:

have positive outcomes, e) whole-class approaches (mostly cooperative learning) and whole-school approaches incorporating tutoring obtained outcomes for struggling readers as large as those found for one- to-one tutoring, and benefitted many more students, and f) approaches mixing classroom and school improvements, with tutoring for the most

1191:: Programs appearing to be a strong candidate with some shortcomings. They produce sizeable positive effects based on one or more well conducted RCTs (or studies that almost meet this standard); however, the evidence is limited by factors such as short-term follow-up or effects that are not statistically significant. 517:

research, whereas many teachers may not even be aware of the importance of research to their profession. In order for teaching to become more research-based, he suggested, educational research would require a "radical change" and teachers would have to become more involved in the creation and application of research.

898:, "Meta-analyses are important, because they are widely read and widely cited, in comparison to individual studies. Yet until meta-analyses start consistently excluding, or at least controlling for studies with factors known to inflate mean effect sizes, then they will have little if any meaning for practice." 1803:, a San Francisco-based nonprofit organization, and offers an online library that includes interviews with researchers and educators, in addition to materials and tools for educators. WestEd was criticized in January 2020, claiming they did not interview all interested parties prior to releasing a report. 1132:

results, grades 1–2, and free and reduced-price lunches, 23 programs remain. If it is also filter for struggling readers, the list is narrowed to 14 programs. The resulting list is shown by the ESSA ratings, Strong, Moderate or Promising. Each program can then be evaluated according to the following:

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during the regular school year are significantly more effective than other approaches such as summer school (without tutoring), after school, extended-day, and technology. The February 11, 2021 issue makes a case for using Federal Government COVID-19 funding (the Learning Recovery Act) to provide for

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EBP has not been readily adopted in all parts of the education field, leading some to suggest the K-12 teaching profession has suffered a loss of respect because of its science-aversive culture and failure to adopt empirical research as the major determinant of its practices. Speaking in 2017, Harvey

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In 2012 the Department for Education in England introduced an evidence-based "phonics reading check" to help support primary students with reading. (In 2016, the Minister for Education reported that the percentage of primary students not meeting reading expectations reduced from 33% in 2010 to 20% in

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Computer-assisted instruction with a storyline and practices that teach children how to recognize words that rhyme; words that have the same beginning, middle, and ending sounds, words that can be formed from a series of phonemes presented separately and also teaches children how to count the number

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A meta-analysis is a statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies. A concern of some researchers is the unreliability of some of these reports due to mythological features. For example, it is suggested that some meta-analyses findings are not credible because they do

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The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is a registered non-governmental organisation, since 2008, with offices in New Delhi, London and Washington, DC. Its self-described vision is to improve lives through evidence-informed action in developing countries. In 2016 their researchers

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Interactive software that provides individual instruction for phonemic awareness, auditory processing, and phonics, as well as the cognitive and language skills required for comprehension. Each level of instruction addresses recognizing and blending sounds, rhyming, and discriminating phonemes. The

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A reading program for those that are two or more grades years below grade level. The classes start off with whole-class instructions, which is followed by computer practices that are adaptive and individualized, small group activities or independent reading, with a whole-class wrap up in the end of

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In 2021, BEE released a review of research on 61 studies of 51 different programs for struggling readers in elementary schools. 84% were randomized experiments and 16% quasi-experiments. The vast majority were done in the US, the programs are replicable, and the studies, done between 1990 and 2018,

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to assess the effects of educational interventions. He said this was not about telling teachers what to do, but rather "empowering teachers to make independent, informed decisions about what works". Following that a U.K. based non-profit, researchED, was founded to offer a forum for researchers and

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and word recognition, and fluency. However, it is up to the individual States and school districts to develop plans to implement the standards, and the National Governors Guide to Early Literacy appears to lack details. As of 2020, 41 States had adopted the standards, and in most cases it has taken

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was developed in the United States in 2009 in an attempt to standardize education principles and practices. There appears to have been some attempt to incorporate evidence-based practices. For example, the core standards website has a comprehensive description of the specific details of the English

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The review concludes that a) outcomes were positive for one-to-one tutoring, b) outcomes were positive but not as large for one-to-small group tutoring, c) there were no differences in outcomes between teachers and teaching assistants as tutors, d) technology-supported adaptive instruction did not

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does not appear to have led to a significant national improvement in students' performance. The Center on Standards, Alignment, Instruction, and Learning (C-SAIL) conducted a study of how the Common Core is received in schools. It reported these findings: a) there is moderately high buy-in for the

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concluded this was necessary, but not sufficient. It said that the main challenge for policy makers and researchers was the level of leadership capacity and commitment to make it happen. In other words, the attitudes and actions of school leaders influence how classroom teachers are supported and

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The program promotes prosocial behavior and norms, and consists of 14 core lessons with additional 12 lessons that include roleplaying and co-operative learning. Pupils are encouraged to apply the skills taught, for example by infusing the lessons into subjects such as English, science or social

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Program for English learners where teachers engage students to Instructional Conversations, where stories or personal experiences are discussed with teachers acting as facilitators. Literature Logs require students to respond in writing to prompts or questions. Responses are then shared in small

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Some of the concerns expressed about WWC are that it appears to have difficulty keeping up with the research so it may not be current; and when a program is not listed on their database, it may be that it did not meet their criteria or they have not yet reviewed it, but you don't know which. In

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The program consists of a child and a parent component. The child component consists of thirty-four 50 minute group sessions and periodic individual sessions over the course of 15–18 months. The parent component consists of 16 group sessions and periodic individual meetings. The child component

1229:(WWC) of Washington, DC, was established in 2002 and evaluates numerous educational programs in twelve categories by the quality and quantity of the evidence and the effectiveness. It is operated by the federal National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance (NCEE), part of the 1120:

There are three program categories 1) whole class, 2) struggling readers and 3) English learners. Programs can be filtered by a) ESSA evidence rating (strong, moderate, and promising), b) school grade, c) community (rural, suburban, urban), d) groups (African American, Asian American, Hispanic,

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Since many educators and policy makers are not experienced in evaluating scientific studies and studies have found that "teachers' beliefs are often guided by subjective experience rather than by empirical data", several non-profit organizations have been created to critically evaluate research

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The following chart, updated in July 2020, shows some programs that had "strong evidence" of a "positive effect on outcomes" in the areas specified. The results may have changed since that time, however current information is available on the WWC website, including the outcome domains that did

1208:. Each program contains information about the program, evaluation methods, key findings and other data such as the cost per student. Beyond the general category, there does not appear to be any way to filter for only the type of program of interest, however the list may not be especially long. 516:

presented a lecture in 1996 in which he stated "Teaching is not at present a research-based profession. I have no doubt that if it were it would be more effective and satisfying". He compared the fields of medicine and teaching, saying that physicians are expected to keep up to date on medical

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The filters are helpful to find programs that meet specific criteria. For example, as of July 2020 there were 231 literacy programs in the WWC database. (Note: these are literacy programs that may have several individual trials and some of the trials were conducted as early as 2006.) If these

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In kindergarten through first grade, teachers read aloud and discuss with students focusing on phonemic awareness, auditory discrimination, and sound blending. In the second through fifth grades cooperative learning activities built around partner reading are used. It is delivered with daily

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synthesised evidence from 238 impact evaluations and 121 qualitative research studies and process evaluations in 52 low-and middle-income countries (L&MICs). It looked at children's school enrolment, attendance, completion and learning.The results can be viewed in their report entitled

1783:(BERA) claims to be the home of educational research in the United Kingdom. It is a membership association that aims to improve the knowledge of education by advancing research quality, capacity and engagement. Its resources include a quarterly magazine, journals, articles, and conferences. 723:. In addition, on October 4, 2016, the Government announced an investment of around £75 million in the Teaching and Leadership Innovation Fund, to support high-quality, evidence-informed, professional development for teachers and school leaders. A research report in July 2017 entitled 706:

Tier 4 – Demonstrates a Rationale: practices that have a well-defined logic model or theory of action, are supported by research, and have some effort underway by state educational agencies (SEA), local educational agencies (LEA), or outside research organization to determine their

667:. The review synthesises effective approaches to school and teacher engagement with evidence and discusses challenges, areas for attention and action. It is intended to help the teaching profession to make the best use of evidence about what works in improving educational outcomes. 1767:' Evidence-Based Policy team, on January 16, 2018, expressed concerns about the validity of the ratings provided by WWC. It says WWC in some cases reported a "preliminary outcome when high-quality RCTs found no significant effects on more important and final educational outcomes". 1729:

Includes lessons on oral language, emergent literacy, basic math, science, general knowledge, socioemotional development. It offers the staff with recommendations for room arrangement, daily schedules, classroom management and activities, and provides them with teaching materials.

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Some of the criticisms about evidence-based approaches to education relate to concerns about the generalisability of educational research, specifically that research findings are context dependent and that it is difficult to generalise findings from one context to another using a

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Literacy program for struggling readers, including special education students and English language learners. SpellRead breaks the recognizing and manipulating of English sounds into specific skills, and focuses on mastering each skill through systematic and explicit instruction.

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Students are assigned a "monitor" who regularly checks their performance (in particular, whether students are having attendance, behavior, or academic problems) and connects with school personnel, family members, and community service providers when problems are identified.

1218:(RCT) evaluations, recognizing that RCTs offer no guarantee that the study was implemented well, or that its reported results represented the true findings. The lead author of a study is given an opportunity to respond to their report prior to its publication. 1714:

The program uses small group activities (4 – 6 children) with concrete manipulatives and includes take-home picture strips and activities that are designed to help parents support their learning, as well as a software with activities to reinforce the lessons.

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The program includes serial rapid automatic naming activities where children practice making quick visual-verbal associations of known sets of colors, numbers, and/or letter names in a left-to-right format, and instructional prompts in English and Spanish.

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There has also been some discussion of a philosophical nature about the validity of scientific evidence. This led James M. Kauffman, University of Virginia, and Gary M. Sasso, University of Iowa, to respond in 2006 suggesting that problems arise with the

337:, and has been the subject of considerable debate since the late 1990s. However, research published in 2020 showed that there is still widespread belief, amongst educators in ineffective teaching techniques such as matching instruction to a few supposed 1806:

Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center (ECTA), of Chapel Hill, NC, provides resources on evidence-based practices in areas specific to early childhood care and education, professional development, early intervention and early childhood special

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of the programs by the manner in which they were conducted (i.e. by school, by classroom, by technology-supported adaptive instruction, by one-to-small-group tutoring, and by one-to-one tutoring). Table 8 (pg. 91) lists the 22 programs meeting

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Skeptics point out that EBP in medicine often produces conflicting results. Others feel that EBE "limits the opportunities for educational professionals to exert their judgment about what is educationally desirable in particular situations".

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The 2015 Carter Review of Initial Teaching Training in the UK suggested that teacher trainees should have access and skills in using research evidence to support their teaching. However, they do not receive training in utilizing research.

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Activities where children identify, detect, delete, segment, or blend segments of spoken words (i.e., words, syllables, onsets and rimes, phonemes) or that focus on teaching children to detect, identify, or produce rhyme or alliteration.

875:) or b) the "criticism of science" (that they label as the "nonsense of postmodernism"). They go on to say that science is "the imperfect but best tool available for trying to reduce uncertainty about what we do as special educators". 520:

Following that lecture, English policy makers in education tried to bring theory and practice closer together. At the same time, existing education research faced criticism for its quality, reliability, impartiality and accessibility.

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Program seeks to detect children who at risk to develop antisocial behavior patterns and match them with behavior coaches who work with the child, his or her classpeers and parents for approximately 50–60 hours over a 3-month period.

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Others say there is "a mutual interdependence between science and education", and teachers should become better trained in research science and "take science sufficiently seriously" to see how its methods might inform their practice.

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Teaches children positive and constructive way of thinking about themselves and acting towards others using methods such as discussions, role-playing and games. The program uses factsheets, booklets and songs as teaching material.

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emphasizes goal setting, problem-solving, anger management and peer relationships and consists, while the parent lessons emphasize setting expectations, praise, discipline, managing stress, communication and child study skills.

1100:, Baltimore, MD. It is reported to have received "widespread support ", and offers free up-to-date information on current PK-12 programs in reading, math, social-emotional learning, and attendance that meet the standards of the 929:. The reviews cover programs in areas such as mathematics, reading, writing, science, comprehensive school reform, and early childhood education; and includes such topics as effectiveness of technology and struggling readers. 613:

adopted the standards in 2010 and implemented them in the 2014–2015 school year, yet in 2020 the state Department of Public Instruction was in the process of developing materials to support the standards in teaching phonics.

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Education programs include K-12 and postsecondary. The programs are listed under each category according to their rating and the update date is shown. For example, as of June 2020 there were 12 programs under K-12; two were

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Program consists of class meeting lessons, cross-age "buddies" programs, "homeside" activities, and creation of schoolwide community by bringing school staff, parents and students together to create new school traditions.

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The intervention gives additional teaching and attempts to cover an additional year of curriculum during its 1 or 2-year duration. Classes link multiple subjects and are designed to have a "hands on" practical approach.

719:. It states its intention to support an evidence-informed teaching profession by increasing teachers' access to and use of "high quality evidence". It will also establish a new British education journal and expand the 540: 1517:

Shared picture book reading practice where the adult and the child switch roles so that the child learns to become the storyteller with the assistance of the adult, who functions as an active listener and questioner.

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not exclude or control for studies with small sample sizes or very short durations, and where the researchers are doing the measurements. Such reports can yield "implausible" results. According to

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of 2001 (NCLB), intended to help students in kindergarten through grade 3 who are reading below grade level. Federal funding was made available for education programs and teacher training that are

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the list is narrowed to 25 programs that met WWC standards for evidence and had at least one "potentially positive" effectiveness rating. If the list is further filtered to show only programs in

1950: 3987: 1834:(NFER) is a non-profit research and development organization based in Berkshire, England. It produces independent research and reports about issues across the education system, such as 925:, U.S. Department of Education. It gives educators and researchers reviews about the strength of the evidence supporting a variety of English programs available for students in grades 1043:

the former Director of the Center for Research and Reform in Education, containing information on education around the world. The issue for January 28, 2021 has a chart showing that

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90-minute reading classes consisting of 15–20 students, grouped by performance and regardless of their age. One-on-one tutoring is provided to students with learning difficulties.

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argues that when looking at the cost, benefit and practicality of research, more impact on student achievement will come from a knowledge-rich curriculum and improving teachers'

4907: 3791: 945:. The BEE website contains an explanation of their interpretation of effect size and how it might be viewed as a percentile score. It uses the following categories of ratings: 2564: 1241:

WWC publications are available for a variety of topics (e.g. literacy, charter schools, science, early childhood, etc.) and Type (i.e. Practice guide or Intervention report).

1060:, offers a registry of evidence-based interventions with "the strongest scientific support" that are effective in promoting a healthy course of action for youth development. 1793:

and other types of evidence synthesis. It has wide spread international support, and allows users to easily search by topic area (e.g. education) or key word (e.g. reading).

3445: 3132:"Developing evidence-informed policy and practice in education, Paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Conference, University of Sussex, UK, 1999" 486: 4426: 3198: 935:

Educational programs in the reviews are rated according to the overall strength of the evidence supporting their effects on students as determined by the combination the

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the list is down to 14 programs; and five of those have an effectiveness rating of "strong evidence that intervention had a positive effect on outcomes" in alphabetics.

4557: 529: 1076:, as a lead charity in partnership with Impetus Trust, together being the government-designated What Works Centre for UK Education. It offers an online, downloadable 765: 4184: 7383: 4697: 4672: 445: 417: 2428: 525: 524:

In 2000 and 2001 two international, evidence-based, studies were created to analyze and report on the effectiveness of school education throughout the world: the

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Tier 3 – Promising Evidence: supported by one or more well-designed and well-implemented correlational studies (with statistical controls for selection bias).

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The added letter knowledge training component includes teaching children the letters of the alphabet and making an explicit link between letters and sounds.

1179:: Programs with two or more replicable and well conducted RCTs (or one multi-site RTC), in a typical community settings producing sizable sustained outcomes. 1097: 660: 1579:

Placing non-traditionally trained teachers in high-need public schools. Many TFA teachers hold bachelor's degrees from selective colleges and universities.

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seeks to distinguish between programs that only claim to be effective and other programs showing credible findings of being effective. It reports mostly on

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that combines research with other types of evidence plus personal experience and good judgement; "practice that is influenced by robust research evidence".

561:(SBR) (also evidence-based practice in education) first appeared in United States Federal legislation in the Reading Excellence Act and subsequently in the 3661: 6183: 4902: 2220: 7534: 7346: 6023: 2241: 1780: 732: 671: 3626: 2488: 7276: 6627: 1629:

Access and enrollment (+15), Attainment (+25), Completing school (+7), Credit accumulation (+14), General academic achievement – high school (+7)

1156:'s evidence-based policy team, with offices in Houston, Washington, D.C., and New York City. The team is composed of the former leadership of the 656:

Discussion and criticism ensued. Some said research methods that are useful in medicine can be entirely inappropriate in the sphere of education.

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Also, around the same time three major evidence-based studies about reading were released highlighting the value of evidence in education: the US

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approach. Counter to this position is a view that education researchers have a responsibility to consider the practical value of their research.

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that explores all aspects of reading research. Its Resource Database allows you to search for information based on a variety of criteria.

1104:(ESSA) (the United States K–12 public education policy signed by President Obama in 2015). It also provides information on programs that 7166: 6790: 6647: 5001: 2361: 6268: 7216: 3039: 3014: 2652: 1932: 1473:

Daily 30 minute one-on-one tutoring sessions to students who have difficulties in reading and writing over the course of 12–20 weeks.

735:(BERA) examined the role of universities in professional development, focusing especially on teacher education and medical education. 283: 7718: 6678: 2804:"Research Commission: Cost, Value and Quality in Professional Learning: promoting economic literacy in medical and teacher education" 2386: 1992: 1886:

is supported by the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education and offers peer-reviewed research about education.

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Individual studies are available that have been reviewed by WWC and categorized according to the evidence tiers of the United States

7739: 7656: 7539: 7398: 3685: 3612: 1841: 472: 352: 7321: 2403: 1185:: Programs that meet almost all elements of the Top Tier standard but need another replication RCT to confirm the initial findings. 772:

education "lacks a culture of empiricism" and is vulnerable to gurus, ideologues and advocates promoting unproven trends and fads.

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pick up research findings and implement them directly into the classroom; instead they advocate for a modified approach some call

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The intervention allows high school students to take college courses and earn college credits while still attending high school.

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Intervention reports are provided for programs according to twelve topics (e.g. literacy, mathematics, science, behavior, etc.).

7281: 7099: 6997: 6810: 5297: 5063: 4430: 1848: 1817: 1230: 922: 585: 7499: 6688: 3004: 2610: 7744: 7236: 7058: 6835: 6437: 6058: 2822: 1069: 1057: 720: 626: 158: 7326: 4554: 3499:"A Quantitative Synthesis of Research on Programs for Struggling Readers in Elementary Schools, Best Evidence Encyclopedia" 2787:"Evidence-informed teaching: an evaluation of progress in England Research report, July 2017, Department for Education, UK" 971:

had a minimum duration of 12 weeks. Many of the programs used phonics-based teaching and/or one or more of the following:

7509: 7461: 7418: 6341: 4682: 3227: 2686:"Research and the Teaching Profession: Building the Capacity for a Self-Improving Education System-BERA-RSA, January 2014" 402: 276: 4109: 7073: 7025: 6922: 6917: 6642: 6547: 5204: 4812: 4776: 581: 3430: 2699: 768:(OSSTF), said there is a need for teacher-centred education based upon what works in the classroom. He suggested that 7484: 5488: 5042: 5037: 4771: 4647: 4047: 3473: 1284: 1215: 1162: 932:

BEE selects reviews that meet consistent scientific standards and relate to programs that are available to educators.

694: 649: 562: 513: 430: 6294: 1855:. It is a collection of research summaries of promising teaching practice written by experts at Ontario universities. 906:

The following organizations evaluate research on educational programs, or help educators to understand the research.

7549: 7494: 4016:"WWC, Robert Slavin's blog, Director of the Center for Research and Reform in Education at Johns Hopkins University" 1871:

proof". It also publishes an online magazine featuring articles by practicing teachers and others such as professor

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White, free and reduced price lunch, English learners, and special education), and e) a variety of features such as

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WWC ratings (e.g. meets WWC standards with or without reservations, meets WWC standards without reservations, etc.)

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Tier 2 – Moderate Evidence: supported by one or more well-designed and well-implemented quasi-experimental studies.

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Critics continue, saying "Education research is great but never forget teaching is a complex art form." In 2018,

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Evidence for ESSA began in 2017 and is produced by the Center for Research and Reform in Education (CRRE) at

7306: 7296: 7151: 6952: 6912: 6892: 6872: 6775: 6607: 6582: 6497: 6477: 6427: 6397: 6387: 6273: 6193: 6158: 6143: 6128: 6083: 6018: 5888: 5528: 5262: 5147: 4994: 4876: 4702: 4687: 4616: 4602: 4096:"Research and the Teaching Profession: Building the Capacity for a Self-Improving Education System-BERA-RSA" 2700:"Sir Andrew Carter's report on initial teacher training to the Secretary of State for Education, 2019-01-19" 921:

School of Education's Center for Data-Driven Reform in Education (established in 2004) and is funded by the

783:, stated that "A stronger scientific ethos (in education) could have provided a much needed defense against 455: 407: 360: 334: 259: 254: 87: 67: 7083: 7015: 6637: 3242: 1826:

The impact of education programmes on learning and school participation in low- and middle-income countries

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has suggested that reports about evidence in education need to be scrutinized for accuracy or subjected to

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is a nonprofit organization that promotes evidence-based decisions and policy through the production of

1008: 996: 675: 450: 374: 219: 173: 138: 7053: 5621: 3162: 2582: 1770:

A summary of the January 2020 changes to the WWC procedures and standards is available on their site.

7628: 7603: 7583: 7544: 7443: 7266: 7196: 7176: 6992: 6942: 6902: 6855: 6850: 6840: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6800: 6785: 6780: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6612: 6527: 6507: 6392: 6382: 6233: 6203: 6188: 6173: 6163: 6153: 6118: 6113: 6063: 6008: 5983: 5871: 5861: 5588: 5400: 5372: 5362: 5322: 5192: 5187: 5167: 5127: 5047: 3243:"The Importance of Being Thorough: On Systematic Accumulations of 'What Works' in Education Research" 2872: 1896: 1872: 1122: 972: 597: 239: 198: 193: 62: 33: 4549: 4356: 2242:"A Seven Year Study of the Effects of Synthetic Phonics Teaching on Reading and Spelling Attainment" 7644: 7608: 7588: 7519: 7438: 7211: 7201: 7146: 7141: 7078: 7020: 6987: 6977: 6957: 6947: 6932: 6927: 6907: 6877: 6845: 6830: 6805: 6741: 6667: 6657: 6592: 6557: 6492: 6472: 6462: 6422: 6407: 6402: 6243: 6238: 6178: 6133: 6093: 5988: 5969: 5683: 5595: 5548: 5498: 5446: 5441: 5420: 5342: 5252: 5232: 5222: 5112: 4871: 4555:

Evidence based practice, The Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS), A.S.A

3560: 3056: 2460: 1861:, with offices throughout the world, funds research on early childhood, K-12, and higher education. 1764: 1153: 787:

science", particularly in the field of early reading instruction. Other influential researchers in

311: 112: 6722: 5934: 7708: 7593: 7433: 7423: 7413: 7403: 7261: 7186: 6972: 6897: 6867: 6698: 6617: 6577: 6552: 6532: 6467: 6442: 6432: 6417: 6218: 6168: 6123: 6108: 6088: 6078: 6053: 5993: 5688: 5476: 5327: 5277: 5227: 5172: 5117: 5029: 4987: 4637: 3510: 3411: 3350: 3311: 3066: 2985: 2946: 2172: 2022: 1128:

For example, as of June 2020 there were 89 reading programs in the database. After filtering for

984: 224: 168: 163: 143: 52: 47: 4095: 2685: 1652:

Test preparation programs with the goal of increasing student scores on college entrance tests.

7618: 7514: 7466: 7388: 7156: 6537: 6502: 6457: 6452: 6361: 6228: 6138: 6028: 5866: 5678: 5660: 5538: 5508: 5481: 5471: 5461: 5456: 5425: 5357: 5347: 5332: 5292: 5100: 5083: 4796: 4756: 3403: 3303: 3262: 3035: 3010: 2648: 2245: 2164: 2156: 2115: 2074: 1790: 1574: 1249:

Practice guides with recommendations are provided covering a wide variety of subjects such as

1016: 800: 792: 183: 117: 97: 76: 4412: 3847: 2742:"Evidence-Based Interventions Under the ESSA, California Department of Education, 2019-07-10" 2365: 5938: 5854: 5795: 5558: 5553: 5523: 5410: 5405: 5367: 5272: 5247: 5152: 4478: 3861: 3502: 3395: 3342: 3293: 3254: 3111: 2977: 2938: 2884: 2146: 2105: 2066: 2040: 2014: 1858: 1468: 1444: 1288: 1033: 342: 264: 107: 102: 92: 4001: 3917: 2519: 5611: 5518: 5513: 5395: 5390: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5282: 5242: 4828: 4801: 4766: 4561: 4384: 4261: 4079:"The role of research in teacher education: reviewing the evidence-BERA-RSA, January 2014" 3535: 2669:"The role of research in teacher education: reviewing the evidence-BERA-RSA, January 2014" 2429:"DPI endorses 'explicit phonics instruction' as critical component of reading instruction" 2316: 1403: 1396: 1352: 776: 338: 234: 122: 4262:"Synthesis of IES Research on Early Intervention and Early Childhood Education July 2013" 4134: 3446:"In Meta-Analyses, Weak Inclusion Standards Lead to Misleading Conclusions. Here's Proof" 3199:"Why most Non-RCT program evaluation findings are unreliable (and a way to improve them)" 2288: 1137:, ESSA rating, cost, program description, outcomes, and requirements for implementation. 644:

Evidence-based education in England received a boost from the 2013 briefing paper by Dr.

3131: 2639: 2407: 2253: 1748:

6–8, High risk and low performing students in grades who are behind their grade levels

7697: 5738: 5631: 5451: 4928:

Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU)

4848: 4786: 4751: 3763: 2908: 1978: 1336:

outcome domain (e.g. alphabetics, oral language, general mathematics achievement, etc.)

1004: 788: 17: 2873:"What Works in School? Expert and Novice Teachers' Beliefs about School Effectiveness" 2302: 2135:"Edgar Dale's Pyramid of Learning in medical education: Further expansion of the myth" 693:

Tier 1 – Strong Evidence: supported by one or more well-designed and well-implemented

7733: 6716: 5813: 5415: 5352: 5217: 5090: 4838: 4833: 4761: 3514: 3415: 3354: 3315: 3258: 3116: 3099: 2989: 2965: 2950: 2191: 2176: 2026: 2006: 1868: 1040: 980: 894:, of the Center for Research and Reform in Education at Johns Hopkins University and 891: 884: 249: 4219: 5711: 5503: 4781: 4727: 3806:"Filter for Strong, grades 1–2, struggling readers, free and reduced-price lunches" 2840: 1876: 1073: 843: 796: 756:

studies and provide their analysis in a user-friendly manner. They are outlined in

739: 645: 630: 333:

The evidence-based education movement has its roots in the larger movement towards

4451: 2871:

Fleckenstein, Johanna; Zimmermann, Friederike; Köller, Olaf; Möller, Jens (2015).

2274: 1257:, etc. Other resources such as tutorials, videos and webinars are also available. 807:

have also supported the view of incorporating science into educational practices.

318:, personal judgement, or other influences. Evidence-based education is related to 310:) is the principle that education practices should be based on the best available 3298: 3281: 2981: 2727: 2550: 1019:(non-phonetic approach). Significantly, table 5 (pg. 88) shows the mean weighted 804: 6726: 5493: 4964: 4807: 4732: 4517: 3903: 3833: 1736:

Print knowledge (+15%), oral language (+12%) and phonological processing (+12%)

1172:

evaluates programs according to their RCTs and gives them one of three ratings:

1134: 1020: 941: 847: 836: 384: 244: 214: 4292: 2206: 1048:

the "implementation of proven tutoring programs during ordinary school times".

5616: 5466: 4566: 3613:"Effect sizes for programs for struggling students, Robert Slavin, 2021-01-28" 3346: 2942: 2929:

Hempenstall, K (2006). "What does evidence-based practice in education mean".

2110: 2093: 2018: 1864: 1080:

evaluating and describing a variety of educational interventions according to

1012: 992: 860: 555:(Clackmannanshire Report), comparing synthetic phonics with analytic phonics. 3931: 3407: 3399: 3307: 3266: 2823:"Education research is great but never forget teaching is a complex art form" 2249: 2160: 2119: 2078: 1160:, a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization advocating the use of well-conducted 1036:, have the greatest potential for the largest numbers of struggling readers. 588:(IES) to provide scientific evidence to guide education practice and policy. 5704: 5626: 5267: 5010: 2841:"How is educational research supposed to improve education?, researched.org" 2741: 2070: 872: 610: 315: 5641: 4162: 3477: 3383: 3146:"Evidence-informed teaching: an evaluation of progress in England, UK 2017" 2855:"Evidence-informed teaching: an evaluation of progress in England, UK 2017" 2536: 2168: 1685: 926: 5636: 4571: 4177:"Critics say failure to consult legislative leaders harmed Leandro report" 3584: 2889: 5142: 4234:"Florida Center for Reading Research, Database, Florida State University" 3875: 3627:"Avoiding the Errors of Supplemental Educational Services, Robert Slavin" 3184: 1420: 1000: 3945: 2611:"Don't import the scourge of scientism into schools, Spiked, 2013-09-09" 5337: 3061: 2151: 2134: 1339:

effectiveness rating (e.g. positive, potentially positive, mixed, etc.)

1088:

reading program with low cost, extensive evidence and moderate impact.

988: 769: 605: 550: 314:, with randomised trials as the gold standard of evidence, rather than 4483: 4466: 3282:"'So What?' ... a question that every journal article needs to answer" 541:

Independent review of the teaching of early reading (Rose Report 2006)

3640: 2531: 2529: 2362:"English Language Arts Standards, Reading – Foundational Skills, K-5" 2041:"School Effectiveness Framework, Government of Ontario, Canada, 2013" 1800: 3506: 1934:

Teaching as a research-based profession: possibilities and prospects

958:

Limited evidence of effectiveness: Weak evidence with notable effect

955:

Limited evidence of effectiveness: Strong evidence of modest effects

539:

in 2000, the Australian report on Teaching reading in 2005, and the

4148: 3330: 2228:

Australian Government Department of Education, Science and Training

3973: 3777: 3713: 3699: 3598: 3368: 1028:

standards for strong and moderate ratings, and their effect size.

498: 3745: 2713: 2333: 2303:"Comprehensive School Reform Program, Title I, Part F, USA, 2002" 4278: 3081:"The problem with evidence-based education policy: the evidence" 2773:"White Paper-Educational excellence everywhere, DFE, 2016-03-17" 2057:

PHILIP DAVIES (June 1999). "What is Evidence-based Education?".

725:

Evidence-informed teaching: an evaluation of progress in England

565:

program. However, it came into prominence in the U.S. under the

7562: 7364: 7112: 6739: 6359: 5967: 5956: 5658: 5021: 4983: 4575: 4293:"The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, Education" 3889: 3792:"Filter for Strong, grades 1–2, free and reduced-price lunches" 3459: 3163:"Evidence-Based Teaching in the 21st Century: The Missing Link" 2520:"2019–20 Common Core of Data (CCD) Preliminary Directory Files" 2446: 2347: 1454:

Phonological Awareness Training plus Letter Knowledge Training

3819: 3550:"How Methodological Features Affect Effect Sizes in Education" 3384:"How Methodological Features Affect Effect Sizes in Education" 2570:. England: Department for Education. March 2016. pp. 5–6. 2317:"NCLB ACT PUBLIC LAW 107–110, Section 1202-1203, JAN. 8, 2002" 653:

educationalists to discuss the role of evidence in education.

4539: 2966:"What works? Evidence-based practice in education is complex" 2756:"ESSA: Non-Regulatory Guidance, Dept. of ED, USA, 2016-09-16" 1548:

software is supported by audio, video and reading materials.

1348:

number of students in studies that met the WWC standards, and

4979: 4908:

Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH)

4544: 4467:"New Right 2.0: Teacher populism on social media in England" 4398: 3006:

The State of the System: A Reality Check on Canada's Schools

2596: 1965:"Dimension: evidence-based, high impact teaching strategies" 1810:

Florida Center for Reading Research is a research center at

543:, England. Approximately a year before the Rose Report, the 3890:"What Works Clearinghouse, Institute of Education Sciences" 2275:"What Does Scientifically Based Research Mean for Schools?" 1432:

Comprehension (+6%) and general literacy achievement (+4%)

609:

three or more years to have them implemented. For example,

4534: 1251:

Using Technology to Support Postsecondary Student Learning

4324: 4205: 4064: 2624: 2474: 4923:

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

1328:

The resulting list of programs can then be sorted by a)

1297:

Studies with one or more statistically positive findings

728:

held accountable for using evidence informed practices.

4550:

Evidence based interventions, McGill University, Canada

1751:

Progressing in school (+35%), staying in school (+18%)

1600:

Behavior (+8%), Knowledge, attitudes, and values (+7%)

1141:

Social programs that work and Straight Talk on Evidence

4339:"Using Evidence in the Classroom: What Works and Why?" 596:

Language Arts Standards that include the areas of the

4247: 2827:

National association of school-based teacher trainers

1463:

Phonological processing (+30%), Print knowledge(+27)

757: 3714:"Center for Research and Reform in Education (CRRE)" 3382:

Cheung, Alan C. K.; Slavin, Robert E. (2016-06-01).

3201:. Washington, DC: Arnold Ventures. 12 December 2019. 3034:. New York: Basic Books. pp. 247–263, 286–304. 7642: 7569: 7475: 7452: 7371: 7245: 7119: 7092: 7044: 7006: 6748: 6666: 6626: 6368: 6282: 6257: 5976: 5604: 5434: 5381: 5203: 5056: 5028: 4957: 4941: 4895: 4864: 4857: 4821: 4741: 4630: 4609: 2641:

Using Evidence in the Classroom: What Works and Why

1836:

Using Evidence in the Classroom: What Works and Why

1273:). Search filters are available for the following: 1084:. As an example, it evaluates and describes a 2018 665:

Using Evidence in the Classroom: What Works and Why

633:, as the lead charity of the government-designated 2905:"Promoting evidenced based education, leeds.ac.uk" 1294:ESSA ratings (e.g. ESSA Tier 1, ESSA Tier 2, etc.) 1072:of London, England was established in 2011 by The 4903:Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) 3686:"Phonics program evaluation, EEF, UK, 2018-08-30" 2387:"A Governor's Guide to Early Literacy, NGA, 2013" 1733:PK students, especially those with special needs 1302:Intervention reports, programs and search filters 1039:The site also offers a newsletter, originated by 975:, technology-supported adaptive instruction (see 663:, Berkshire, England published a report entitled 547:(SEED) published the results of a study entitled 3728:"Widespread Support for New 'Evidence for ESSA'" 1484:Instructional Conversations and Literature Logs 571:"based on scientifically based reading research" 530:Progress in International Reading Literacy Study 4698:Evidence-based pharmacy in developing countries 4673:Evidence-based library and information practice 1649:ACT/SAT Test Preparation and Coaching Programs 1351:improvement index (i.e. the expected change in 1283:Studies meeting certain design standards (e.g. 1245:Practice guides, tutorials, videos and webinars 1133:number of studies, number of students, average 549:A Seven Year Study of the Effects of Synthetic 4933:WHO Evidence-Informed Policy Network (EVIPNet) 1658:General academic achievement-high school (+9) 1479:Alphabetics (+21%), Reading achievement (+27) 526:Programme for International Student Assessment 4995: 4587: 4371:"Ontario, What Works? Research Into Practice" 3599:"Center for Research and Reform in Education" 2714:"Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), USA 2015" 2334:"Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), USA 2015" 766:Ontario Secondary School Teachers' Federation 480: 284: 8: 7668:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 4918:German Agency for Quality in Medicine (AEZQ) 3862:"Evidence-based policy, Arnold Ventures LLC" 3055:Prof. Stanislas Dehaene (October 25, 2013). 2447:"Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction" 1832:National Foundation for Educational Research 1280:Topic (e.g. behavior, charter schools, etc.) 1098:Johns Hopkins University School of Education 661:National Foundation for Educational Research 648:. It advocated for systemic change and more 3329:Kauffman, James M.; Sasso, Gary M. (2006). 3215:. OFSTED, UK Government. 18 September 2018. 2970:Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties 2931:Australian Journal of Learning Disabilities 2011:School Effectiveness and School Improvement 871:of a) the "unbound faith in science" (i.e. 685:NCLB in the US was replaced in 2015 by the 637:for high quality evidence in UK Education. 553:Teaching on Reading and Spelling Attainment 7559: 7361: 7109: 6736: 6356: 5964: 5953: 5884: 5879: 5850: 5845: 5809: 5804: 5791: 5786: 5752: 5747: 5734: 5729: 5700: 5695: 5669: 5655: 5018: 5002: 4988: 4980: 4861: 4594: 4580: 4572: 4535:The Evidence Based Teachers Network (EBTN) 4385:"Education and Literacy, Rand Corporation" 4220:"Sources of Evidence-Based Practice, ECTA" 3655:"Teaching & Learning Toolkit, EEF, UK" 3641:"Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development" 2092:Newton, Philip M.; Salvi, Atharva (2020). 1382: 1359:It is also possible to view the program's 1255:Assisting Students Struggling with Reading 1108:meet ESSA standards as well as those that 1056:Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development, 695:randomized controlled experimental studies 487: 473: 347: 291: 277: 29: 4482: 3297: 3115: 2888: 2192:"Teaching as a research-based profession" 2150: 2109: 629:of London was established in 2011 by The 3228:"Creating the schools our children need" 2583:"News: Building Evidence into Education" 2348:"Common Core State Standards Initiative" 1781:British Educational Research Association 1395:Improvement area and expected change in 1052:Blueprints for healthy youth development 733:British Educational Research Association 672:British Educational Research Association 4540:Institute for Effective Education (IEE) 3057:"Youtube, How the Brain Learns to Read" 1923: 1875:(University of Virginia) and Professor 1706:Knowledge, attitudes and values (+16%) 1394: 1388: 1385: 1342:number of studies meeting WWC standards 917:(BEE) is a free website created by the 842:In a 2020 talk featured on ResearchED, 545:Scottish Executive Education Department 359: 206: 130: 39: 32: 3531: 3520: 2059:British Journal of Educational Studies 1951:"Instructional strategies, Understood" 1849:Ministry of Education, Ontario, Canada 1721:General mathematics achievement (19%) 1310:programs are filtered for outcomes in 895: 619:Common Core State Standards Initiative 593:Common Core State Standards Initiative 3241:Oancea, Alis; Pring, Richard (2008). 1688:students with emotional disturbances 715:in England published the White Paper 7: 4949:Centre for Reviews and Dissemination 4471:British Educational Research Journal 2537:"Education Endowment Foundation, UK" 2461:"Nations report card, grade 4, 2019" 1391: 7714: 4500:"Adventures in Education Guru Land" 3960:"WWC Reviews of individual studies" 3431:"Meta-Analysis or Muddle-Analysis?" 2565:"Educational Excellence Everywhere" 2551:"What Works Network, UK Government" 1158:Coalition for Evidence-Based Policy 573:. NCLB was replaced in 2015 by the 4498:Paul W. Bennett (August 3, 2020). 4452:"researchED Home – YouTube videos" 4427:"Check the programme, research ED" 4135:"Campbell Collaboration, Evidence" 3247:Journal of Philosophy of Education 2289:"Reading Excellence Act, USA,2000" 2207:"Educational Research: a critique" 1853:What Works? Research Into Practice 952:Moderate evidence of effectiveness 25: 4248:"Institute of Education Sciences" 4163:"Doing what works online library" 3904:"Institute of Education Sciences" 3834:"About Straight Talk on Evidence" 2638:Nelson, J.; O'Beirne, C. (2014). 1842:Office for Standards in Education 1703:5, with additional program for 8 717:Educational Excellence Everywhere 7713: 7704: 7703: 7691: 7227:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6721: 6712: 6711: 6269:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 6039:Democratic Republic of the Congo 5933: 4279:"publications and products, IES" 4002:"Intervention Reports page, WWC" 3559:. September 2015. Archived from 3259:10.1111/j.1467-9752.2008.00633.x 3117:10.1111/j.1741-5446.2006.00241.x 3069:from the original on 2021-12-20. 1696:Too Good for Drugs and Violence 1437:Phonological Awareness Training 949:Strong evidence of effectiveness 910:Best Evidence Encyclopedia (BEE) 902:Research sources and information 758:research sources and information 512:The English author and academic 446:Library and information practice 3778:"Evidence-based PK-12 programs" 2007:"School Effectiveness Research" 1818:Institute of Education Sciences 1449:Phonological processing (+27%) 1320:individual, or small group, or 1231:Institute of Education Sciences 1078:Teaching & Learning Toolkit 923:Institute of Education Sciences 781:University of Wisconsin–Madison 586:Institute of Education Sciences 27:Paradigm of the education field 7384:Federated States of Micronesia 6679:British Indian Ocean Territory 4518:"Research 4 Schools, Research" 3286:Learning, Media and Technology 3032:Language at the speed of sight 1590:Caring School Community (CSC) 1585:Mathematics Achievement (+4%) 1222:What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) 1070:Education Endowment Foundation 1064:Education Endowment Foundation 1058:University of Colorado Boulder 937:quality of the research design 721:Education Endowment Foundation 627:Education Endowment Foundation 1: 4683:Evidence-based medical ethics 4181:Carolina Journal News Service 3167:Canadian Journal of Education 1261:Reviews of individual studies 1125:, technology, tutoring, etc. 1116:Evidence-based PK-12 programs 819:Some suggest teachers should 625:Subsequently, in England the 559:Scientifically based research 328:school effectiveness research 7352:United States Virgin Islands 4813:Policy-based evidence making 4777:Health technology assessment 4567:Evidence based education, UK 4183:. 2020-01-13. Archived from 3746:"Every student succeeds act" 3460:"Best evidence encyclopedia" 3444:Robert Slavin (2020-11-19). 3429:Robert Slavin (2020-10-08). 3299:10.1080/17439884.2013.848454 2982:10.1080/19404158.2014.921631 2821:Thomas Rogers (2018-09-22). 2190:David H. Hargreaves (1996). 1931:David H. Hargreaves (1996), 1774:Other sources of information 1559:Stepping Stones to Literacy 1163:randomized controlled trials 1011:, word analysis, structured 650:randomized controlled trials 582:U.S. Department of Education 503:Research design and evidence 7114:Education in North America 4772:Randomized controlled trial 4648:Evidence-based conservation 4030:"Straight Talk on Evidence" 3876:"Straight talk on evidence" 3820:"Social programs that work" 3448:. Johns Hopkins University. 3433:. Johns Hopkins University. 3280:Selwyn, Neil (2014-01-02). 3185:"Straight talk on evidence" 2877:Frontline Learning Research 1741:Accelerated Middle Schools 1494:Reading achievement (+29%) 1285:Randomized controlled trial 1216:randomized controlled trial 563:Comprehensive School Reform 7761: 7564:Education in South America 4708:Evidence-based prosecution 4668:Evidence-based legislation 3557:Best Evidence Encyclopedia 2964:Kerry Hempenstall (2014). 2728:"research 4 Schools, ESSA" 2489:"C-SAIL handout, May 2020" 2433:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 2205:James Tooley; Doug Darby. 1967:. Government of Australia. 1907:Evidence-based legislation 1488:groups or with a partner. 1345:grades examined (e.g. K-4) 1318:, and delivery methods of 1267:Every student succeeds act 1102:Every Student Succeeds Act 915:Best Evidence Encyclopedia 882: 825:evidence-informed teaching 687:Every Student Succeeds Act 617:According to reports, the 575:Every Student Succeeds Act 7685: 7327:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 6707: 5963: 5952: 5928: 5882: 5848: 5807: 5789: 5750: 5732: 5698: 5674:Early childhood education 5667: 5654: 5017: 4723:Evidence-based toxicology 4718:Evidence-based scheduling 4678:Evidence-based management 4643:Evidence-based assessment 3347:10.1207/s15327035ex1402_2 3030:Seidenberg, Mark (2017). 2943:10.1080/19404150609546811 2404:"Standards in your state" 2111:10.3389/feduc.2020.602451 2019:10.1080/09243450500114884 1979:"Evidence-based teaching" 1761:Straight Talk on Evidence 1620:Dual Enrollment Programs 1615:External behavior (+28%) 1389:Intervention Description 1330:evidence of effectiveness 1212:Straight Talk on Evidence 1204:, and the remainder were 1170:Social programs that work 1150:Straight Talk on Evidence 1146:Social programs that work 1082:cost, evidence and impact 833:Straight talk on evidence 7740:Evidence-based practices 7535:Northern Mariana Islands 7347:Turks and Caicos Islands 6428:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 6024:Central African Republic 4792:Pragmatic clinical trial 4663:Evidence-based education 4653:Evidence-based dentistry 4110:"Our Vision and Mission" 3400:10.3102/0013189X16656615 3003:Paul W. Bennett (2020). 1812:Florida State University 1691:External behavior (+8%) 1644:Staying in school (+25) 1227:What Works Clearinghouse 1152:are administered by the 1045:proven tutoring programs 919:Johns Hopkins University 839:(research on research). 713:Department for Education 567:No child left behind act 361:Evidence-based practices 335:evidence-based practices 304:Evidence-based education 7500:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 6689:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 4703:Evidence-based policing 4688:Evidence-based medicine 4617:Evidence-based practice 4603:Evidence-based practice 4465:Watson, Steven (2020). 2071:10.1111/1467-8527.00106 1851:offers a site entitled 1379:have "strong evidence". 528:(PISA) in 2000 and the 324:evidence-based learning 320:evidence-based teaching 260:Participant observation 255:Multivariate statistics 88:International education 18:Evidence-based learning 7277:British Virgin Islands 6791:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4887:Science-Based Medicine 4882:Campbell Collaboration 4877:Cochrane Collaboration 4693:Evidence-based nursing 4399:"ResearchED home page" 4114:Campbell Collaboration 4048:"WWC handbook summary" 3585:"Robert Slavin's blog" 3530:Cite journal requires 3388:Educational Researcher 2597:"researchED home page" 2098:Frontiers in Education 1902:Educational psychology 1884:University of Delaware 1787:Campbell Collaboration 1605:First Step to Success 977:Educational technology 854:Philosophical concerns 602:phonological awareness 537:National Reading Panel 504: 7745:Educational practices 7478:and other territories 7217:Saint Kitts and Nevis 6184:São Tomé and Príncipe 6044:Republic of the Congo 4713:Evidence-based policy 4658:Evidence-based design 4622:Hierarchy of evidence 4413:"researchED magazine" 4357:"Ofsted research, UK" 3932:"WWC Practice guides" 3848:"Arnold Ventures LLC" 3750:US Dept. of Education 3474:"About Best evidence" 3226:Dylan Wiliam (2020). 2890:10.14786/flr.v3i2.162 2581:Ben Goldacre (2013). 2133:Masters, Ken (2020). 1981:. Cornell University. 1912:Evidence-based policy 1524:Oral language (+19%) 1009:reading comprehension 997:multisensory learning 961:No qualifying studies 676:Royal Society of Arts 502: 220:Conversation analysis 7366:Education in Oceania 6742:Education in Europe 6603:United Arab Emirates 5970:Education in Africa 5193:Instructional design 3098:Gert Biesta (2007). 1897:Educational research 1882:Research 4 Schools, 1873:Daniel T. Willingham 1634:Check & Connect 1533:of sounds in words. 1312:Literacy-Alphabetics 1123:cooperative learning 973:cooperative learning 811:Critics and skeptics 598:alphabetic principle 240:Factorial experiment 34:Educational research 7232:Trinidad and Tobago 7127:Antigua and Barbuda 7007:States with limited 6630:limited recognition 6259:States with limited 5958:Education by region 5684:Secondary education 5596:Teaching philosophy 5499:Pedagogical pattern 5442:21st century skills 5421:Religious education 5064:Aims and objectives 4872:James Lind Alliance 3766:. 19 February 2020. 3716:. 19 December 2023. 3700:"Evidence for ESSA" 3601:. 19 December 2023. 3369:"Evidence for Essa" 1765:Arnold Ventures LLC 1569:Alphabetics (+30%) 1554:Alphabetics (+19%) 1539:Alphabetics (+23%) 1509:Alphabetics (+18%) 1365:Intervention report 1154:Arnold Ventures LLC 514:David H. Hargreaves 312:scientific evidence 113:Religious education 7698:Schools portal 7167:Dominican Republic 6362:Education in Asia 5689:Tertiary education 5627:Learning resources 5118:Education sciences 4638:Effective altruism 4560:2020-07-02 at the 4149:"WestED home page" 3918:"WWC publications" 3615:. 28 January 2021. 3104:Educational Theory 2475:"C-SAIL home page" 2221:"Teaching Reading" 2152:10.1111/medu.13813 2013:. September 2005. 1791:systematic reviews 1763:, authored by the 1711:Pre-K Mathematics 1415:Alphabetics (+9%) 985:phonemic awareness 600:, print concepts, 505: 225:Discourse analysis 131:Curricular domains 53:Education sciences 48:Curriculum studies 7727: 7726: 7681: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7649:other territories 7558: 7557: 7550:Wallis and Futuna 7495:Clipperton Island 7453:Associated states 7360: 7359: 7249:other territories 7108: 7107: 6735: 6734: 6672:other territories 6355: 6354: 6286:other territories 6059:Equatorial Guinea 5948: 5947: 5923: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5914: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5905: 5904: 5842: 5841: 5837: 5836: 5833: 5832: 5828: 5827: 5783: 5782: 5778: 5777: 5774: 5773: 5769: 5768: 5726: 5725: 5721: 5720: 5679:Primary education 5650: 5649: 5539:Dialogic learning 5509:Teacher retention 5462:Critical thinking 5457:Class arrangement 5426:Special education 5101:Standardized test 5084:Course evaluation 4977: 4976: 4973: 4972: 4797:Spaced repetition 4757:Systematic review 4545:researchED.org.uk 4484:10.1002/berj.3664 4206:"ECTA, Home page" 3764:"ESSA, Home page" 2139:Medical Education 1755: 1754: 1726:Literacy Express 1575:Teach For America 1514:Dialogic Reading 1361:Evidence snapshot 1316:grades one or two 1092:Evidence for ESSA 1017:balanced literacy 896:Evidence for ESSA 801:Stanislas Dehaene 793:cognitive science 635:What Works Centre 591:The State driven 532:(PIRLS) in 2001. 497: 496: 301: 300: 118:Teacher education 98:Special education 93:School counseling 16:(Redirected from 7752: 7717: 7716: 7707: 7706: 7696: 7695: 7694: 7669: 7657:Falkland Islands 7571:Sovereign states 7560: 7540:Pitcairn Islands 7510:French Polynesia 7490:Christmas Island 7419:Papua New Guinea 7399:Marshall Islands 7372:Sovereign states 7362: 7317:Saint Barthélemy 7247:Dependencies and 7120:Sovereign states 7110: 7045:Dependencies and 6749:Sovereign states 6737: 6725: 6715: 6714: 6684:Christmas Island 6370:Sovereign states 6357: 6347: 6346:(United Kingdom) 6342:Tristan da Cunha 6338:Ascension Island 6330: 6317: 6308: 6284:Dependencies and 5977:Sovereign states 5965: 5954: 5937: 5885: 5880: 5855:Higher education 5851: 5846: 5810: 5805: 5796:Secondary school 5792: 5787: 5753: 5748: 5735: 5730: 5701: 5696: 5670: 5656: 5584:Student-centered 5569:Phenomenon-based 5559:Peer instruction 5524:Blended learning 5447:Bloom's taxonomy 5411:Gifted education 5406:Education reform 5238:Computer science 5019: 5004: 4997: 4990: 4981: 4862: 4596: 4589: 4582: 4573: 4522: 4521: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4495: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4462: 4456: 4455: 4448: 4442: 4441: 4439: 4438: 4429:. Archived from 4423: 4417: 4416: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4395: 4389: 4388: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4335: 4329: 4328: 4325:"NFER home page" 4321: 4315: 4314: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4244: 4238: 4237: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4216: 4210: 4209: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4159: 4153: 4152: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4083: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4065:"BERA home page" 4061: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4012: 4006: 4005: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3872: 3866: 3865: 3858: 3852: 3851: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3732:Business Insider 3724: 3718: 3717: 3710: 3704: 3703: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3672: 3666: 3660:. Archived from 3659: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3609: 3603: 3602: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3565: 3554: 3546: 3540: 3539: 3533: 3528: 3526: 3518: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3485: 3476:. Archived from 3470: 3464: 3463: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3301: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3238: 3232: 3231: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3150: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3119: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2916: 2907:. Archived from 2901: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2851: 2845: 2844: 2843:. 27 April 2020. 2837: 2831: 2830: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2646: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2625:"NFER Home page" 2621: 2615: 2614: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2578: 2572: 2571: 2569: 2561: 2555: 2554: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2533: 2524: 2523: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2506: 2500: 2494:. Archived from 2493: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2449:. 10 April 2015. 2443: 2437: 2436: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2415: 2406:. Archived from 2400: 2394: 2393: 2391: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2373: 2364:. Archived from 2358: 2352: 2351: 2344: 2338: 2337: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2313: 2307: 2306: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2261: 2252:. Archived from 2238: 2232: 2231: 2225: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2154: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2113: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2054: 2048: 2047: 2045: 2037: 2031: 2030: 2003: 1997: 1996: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1975: 1969: 1968: 1961: 1955: 1954: 1953:. 5 August 2019. 1947: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1928: 1859:RAND Corporation 1797:Doing What Works 1673:Behavior (+19%) 1663:Positive action 1469:Reading recovery 1383: 1369:Review protocols 1289:Quasi-experiment 1034:at-risk students 987:, word reading, 966:Reading programs 489: 482: 475: 348: 343:cone of learning 293: 286: 279: 149:Computer science 108:Female education 103:Gifted education 30: 21: 7760: 7759: 7755: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7750: 7749: 7730: 7729: 7728: 7723: 7692: 7690: 7673: 7667: 7650: 7648: 7638: 7565: 7554: 7477: 7471: 7454: 7448: 7429:Solomon Islands 7367: 7356: 7250: 7248: 7241: 7115: 7104: 7088: 7046: 7040: 7026:Northern Cyprus 7008: 7002: 6923:North Macedonia 6744: 6731: 6703: 6671: 6662: 6643:Northern Cyprus 6629: 6622: 6364: 6351: 6350: 6345: 6328: 6315: 6306: 6287: 6285: 6278: 6262: 6260: 6253: 5972: 5959: 5944: 5943: 5924: 5915: 5906: 5898: 5891: 5869: 5857: 5838: 5829: 5821: 5816: 5798: 5779: 5770: 5762: 5757: 5741: 5722: 5714: 5707: 5663: 5646: 5600: 5519:Active learning 5514:Teaching method 5489:Learning theory 5430: 5396:Autodidacticism 5391:Adult education 5377: 5318:Performing arts 5199: 5106:Teacher quality 5096:Standards-based 5052: 5024: 5013: 5008: 4978: 4969: 4953: 4937: 4891: 4853: 4829:Archie Cochrane 4817: 4802:Risk assessment 4767:Umbrella review 4737: 4626: 4605: 4600: 4562:Wayback Machine 4531: 4526: 4525: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4497: 4496: 4492: 4464: 4463: 4459: 4454:. 26 June 2020. 4450: 4449: 4445: 4436: 4434: 4425: 4424: 4420: 4411: 4410: 4406: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4355: 4354: 4350: 4337: 4336: 4332: 4323: 4322: 4318: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4277: 4276: 4272: 4264: 4260: 4259: 4255: 4246: 4245: 4241: 4232: 4231: 4227: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4204: 4203: 4199: 4190: 4188: 4175: 4174: 4170: 4161: 4160: 4156: 4147: 4146: 4142: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4118: 4116: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4098:. January 2014. 4094: 4093: 4089: 4081: 4077: 4076: 4072: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4050: 4046: 4045: 4041: 4028: 4027: 4023: 4014: 4013: 4009: 4000: 3999: 3995: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3972: 3971: 3967: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3946:"WWC Resources" 3944: 3943: 3939: 3930: 3929: 3925: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3874: 3873: 3869: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3846: 3845: 3841: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3818: 3817: 3813: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3790: 3789: 3785: 3776: 3775: 3771: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3726: 3725: 3721: 3712: 3711: 3707: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3684: 3683: 3679: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3657: 3653: 3652: 3648: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3611: 3610: 3606: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3569: 3567: 3563: 3552: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3529: 3519: 3507:10.1002/rrq.379 3497: 3496: 3492: 3483: 3481: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3443: 3442: 3438: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3381: 3380: 3376: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3279: 3278: 3274: 3240: 3239: 3235: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3161: 3160: 3156: 3148: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3085:Washington Post 3079: 3078: 3074: 3054: 3053: 3049: 3042: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3017: 3009:. p. 233. 3002: 3001: 2997: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2914: 2912: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2857: 2853: 2852: 2848: 2839: 2838: 2834: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2789: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2684: 2683: 2679: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2662: 2655: 2644: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2623: 2622: 2618: 2609: 2608: 2604: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2580: 2579: 2575: 2567: 2563: 2562: 2558: 2549: 2548: 2544: 2535: 2534: 2527: 2518: 2517: 2513: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2491: 2487: 2486: 2482: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2459: 2458: 2454: 2445: 2444: 2440: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2413: 2411: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2389: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2371: 2369: 2360: 2359: 2355: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2332: 2331: 2327: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2305:. 4 April 2012. 2301: 2300: 2296: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2259: 2257: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2223: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2204: 2203: 2199: 2189: 2188: 2184: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2056: 2055: 2051: 2043: 2039: 2038: 2034: 2005: 2004: 2000: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1977: 1976: 1972: 1963: 1962: 1958: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1937: 1930: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1893: 1799:is provided by 1776: 1756: 1404:Success for All 1397:percentile rank 1353:percentile rank 1304: 1263: 1247: 1239: 1224: 1206:Suggestive Tier 1189:Suggestive Tier 1143: 1118: 1094: 1066: 1054: 968: 912: 904: 887: 881: 856: 813: 777:Mark Seidenberg 775:Neuroscientist 753: 748: 674:(BERA) and the 510: 493: 427: 394: 339:learning styles 297: 235:Factor analysis 179:Performing arts 154:Early childhood 123:Teaching method 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7758: 7756: 7748: 7747: 7742: 7732: 7731: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7721: 7711: 7701: 7686: 7683: 7682: 7679: 7678: 7675: 7674: 7672: 7671: 7664: 7659: 7653: 7651: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7575: 7573: 7567: 7566: 7563: 7556: 7555: 7553: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7530:Norfolk Island 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7485:American Samoa 7481: 7479: 7473: 7472: 7470: 7469: 7464: 7458: 7456: 7455:of New Zealand 7450: 7449: 7447: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7375: 7373: 7369: 7368: 7365: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7337:Sint Eustatius 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7282:Cayman Islands 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7253: 7251: 7246: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7123: 7121: 7117: 7116: 7113: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7100:European Union 7096: 7094: 7093:Other entities 7090: 7089: 7087: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7050: 7048: 7047:other entities 7042: 7041: 7039: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7012: 7010: 7004: 7003: 7001: 7000: 6998:United Kingdom 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6811:Czech Republic 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6752: 6750: 6746: 6745: 6740: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6729: 6719: 6708: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6675: 6673: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6634: 6632: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6374: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6360: 6353: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6331: 6318: 6309: 6295:Canary Islands 6291: 6290: 6288: 6283: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6276: 6271: 6265: 6263: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5973: 5968: 5961: 5960: 5957: 5950: 5949: 5946: 5945: 5942: 5941: 5930: 5929: 5926: 5925: 5921: 5920: 5917: 5916: 5912: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5903: 5901: 5900: 5893: 5883: 5876: 5875: 5864: 5859: 5849: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5835: 5834: 5831: 5830: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5818: 5808: 5801: 5800: 5790: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5776: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5767: 5765: 5764: 5759: 5751: 5744: 5743: 5739:Primary school 5733: 5727: 5724: 5723: 5719: 5717: 5716: 5709: 5699: 5692: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5668: 5665: 5664: 5659: 5652: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5608: 5606: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5598: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5485: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5452:Cognitive load 5449: 5444: 5438: 5436: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5387: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5209: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5197: 5196: 5195: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5123:Evidence-based 5120: 5115: 5110: 5109: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5087: 5086: 5071: 5066: 5060: 5058: 5057:By perspective 5054: 5053: 5051: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5034: 5032: 5026: 5025: 5022: 5015: 5014: 5009: 5007: 5006: 4999: 4992: 4984: 4975: 4974: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4967: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4951: 4945: 4943: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4899: 4897: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4868: 4866: 4859: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4849:John Ioannidis 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4815: 4810: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4787:GRADE approach 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4752:Clinical trial 4748: 4746: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4634: 4632: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4624: 4619: 4613: 4611: 4607: 4606: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4591: 4584: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4564: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4530: 4529:External links 4527: 4524: 4523: 4509: 4490: 4477:(2): 299–315. 4457: 4443: 4418: 4404: 4390: 4376: 4362: 4348: 4330: 4316: 4298: 4284: 4270: 4253: 4239: 4225: 4211: 4197: 4168: 4154: 4140: 4126: 4101: 4087: 4070: 4056: 4039: 4021: 4018:. 9 July 2020. 4007: 3993: 3979: 3965: 3951: 3937: 3923: 3909: 3895: 3881: 3867: 3853: 3839: 3825: 3811: 3797: 3783: 3769: 3755: 3737: 3719: 3705: 3691: 3677: 3646: 3632: 3618: 3604: 3590: 3576: 3541: 3532:|journal= 3501:. 2021-03-21. 3490: 3465: 3451: 3436: 3421: 3394:(5): 283–292. 3374: 3360: 3335:Exceptionality 3321: 3272: 3233: 3218: 3204: 3190: 3176: 3154: 3137: 3123: 3090: 3072: 3047: 3041:978-1541617155 3040: 3022: 3016:978-0228000846 3015: 2995: 2976:(2): 113–127. 2956: 2921: 2896: 2863: 2846: 2832: 2813: 2795: 2778: 2764: 2747: 2733: 2719: 2705: 2691: 2677: 2660: 2654:978-1910008072 2653: 2630: 2616: 2602: 2588: 2573: 2556: 2553:. 7 June 2023. 2542: 2525: 2522:. 7 July 2020. 2511: 2480: 2466: 2452: 2438: 2420: 2395: 2378: 2353: 2339: 2325: 2308: 2294: 2280: 2266: 2233: 2212: 2197: 2182: 2125: 2084: 2065:(2): 108–121. 2049: 2032: 1998: 1984: 1970: 1956: 1942: 1922: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1880: 1869:pseudo-science 1862: 1856: 1845: 1839: 1829: 1821: 1815: 1808: 1804: 1794: 1784: 1775: 1772: 1753: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1646: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1381: 1357: 1356: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1281: 1278: 1262: 1259: 1246: 1243: 1238: 1235: 1223: 1220: 1193: 1192: 1186: 1180: 1142: 1139: 1117: 1114: 1093: 1090: 1065: 1062: 1053: 1050: 1005:guided reading 967: 964: 963: 962: 959: 956: 953: 950: 911: 908: 903: 900: 883:Main article: 880: 877: 855: 852: 812: 809: 789:psychopedagogy 752: 749: 747: 744: 709: 708: 707:effectiveness. 704: 701: 698: 509: 506: 495: 494: 492: 491: 484: 477: 469: 466: 465: 464: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 426: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 403:Medical ethics 400: 393: 392: 387: 382: 377: 372: 364: 363: 357: 356: 299: 298: 296: 295: 288: 281: 273: 270: 269: 268: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 237: 232: 230:Evidence-based 227: 222: 217: 209: 208: 204: 203: 202: 201: 196: 191: 189:Social science 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 133: 132: 128: 127: 126: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 42: 41: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7757: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7720: 7712: 7710: 7702: 7700: 7699: 7688: 7687: 7684: 7670: 7665: 7663: 7662:French Guiana 7660: 7658: 7655: 7654: 7652: 7646: 7641: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7572: 7568: 7561: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7525:New Caledonia 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7505:Easter Island 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7474: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7451: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7376: 7374: 7370: 7363: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7244: 7238: 7237:United States 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7124: 7122: 7118: 7111: 7101: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7091: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7059:Faroe Islands 7057: 7055: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7043: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7031:South Ossetia 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7005: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6883:Liechtenstein 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6738: 6728: 6724: 6720: 6718: 6710: 6709: 6706: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6669: 6665: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6653:South Ossetia 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6631: 6625: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6358: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6332: 6326: 6322: 6319: 6313: 6310: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6293: 6292: 6289: 6281: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6256: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6099:Guinea-Bissau 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5966: 5962: 5955: 5951: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5931: 5927: 5902: 5897: 5894: 5890: 5889:Undergraduate 5887: 5886: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5873: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5847: 5844: 5825: 5819: 5815: 5814:Middle school 5812: 5811: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5797: 5794: 5793: 5788: 5785: 5766: 5760: 5755: 5754: 5749: 5746: 5745: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5728: 5718: 5713: 5710: 5706: 5703: 5702: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5671: 5666: 5662: 5657: 5653: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5603: 5597: 5594: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5579:Project-based 5577: 5575: 5574:Problem-based 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5534:Demonstration 5532: 5530: 5529:Contemplative 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5516: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5433: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5416:Homeschooling 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5263:Environmental 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5202: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5188:Instructional 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5091:Psychometrics 5089: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5055: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5027: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5005: 5000: 4998: 4993: 4991: 4986: 4985: 4982: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4956: 4950: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4940: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4863: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4839:Iain Chalmers 4837: 4835: 4834:David Sackett 4832: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4820: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4762:Meta-analysis 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4740: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4629: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4597: 4592: 4590: 4585: 4583: 4578: 4577: 4574: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4532: 4528: 4519: 4513: 4510: 4505: 4501: 4494: 4491: 4485: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4461: 4458: 4453: 4447: 4444: 4433:on 2020-07-08 4432: 4428: 4422: 4419: 4414: 4408: 4405: 4400: 4394: 4391: 4386: 4380: 4377: 4372: 4366: 4363: 4358: 4352: 4349: 4344: 4340: 4334: 4331: 4326: 4320: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4302: 4299: 4294: 4288: 4285: 4280: 4274: 4271: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4249: 4243: 4240: 4235: 4229: 4226: 4221: 4215: 4212: 4207: 4201: 4198: 4187:on 2020-07-02 4186: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4169: 4164: 4158: 4155: 4150: 4144: 4141: 4136: 4130: 4127: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4102: 4097: 4091: 4088: 4080: 4074: 4071: 4066: 4060: 4057: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4036:. 2018-01-26. 4035: 4031: 4025: 4022: 4017: 4011: 4008: 4003: 3997: 3994: 3989: 3983: 3980: 3975: 3969: 3966: 3961: 3955: 3952: 3947: 3941: 3938: 3933: 3927: 3924: 3919: 3913: 3910: 3905: 3899: 3896: 3891: 3885: 3882: 3877: 3871: 3868: 3863: 3857: 3854: 3849: 3843: 3840: 3835: 3829: 3826: 3821: 3815: 3812: 3807: 3801: 3798: 3793: 3787: 3784: 3779: 3773: 3770: 3765: 3759: 3756: 3751: 3747: 3741: 3738: 3734:. 2017-02-28. 3733: 3729: 3723: 3720: 3715: 3709: 3706: 3701: 3695: 3692: 3687: 3681: 3678: 3667:on 2020-07-08 3663: 3656: 3650: 3647: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3629:. 2021-02-11. 3628: 3622: 3619: 3614: 3608: 3605: 3600: 3594: 3591: 3586: 3580: 3577: 3566:on 2020-07-08 3562: 3558: 3551: 3545: 3542: 3537: 3524: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3494: 3491: 3480:on 2019-12-27 3479: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3461: 3455: 3452: 3447: 3440: 3437: 3432: 3425: 3422: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3378: 3375: 3370: 3364: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3325: 3322: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3276: 3273: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3253:(s1): 15–39. 3252: 3248: 3244: 3237: 3234: 3229: 3222: 3219: 3214: 3208: 3205: 3200: 3194: 3191: 3186: 3180: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3158: 3155: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3133: 3127: 3124: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3094: 3091: 3087:. 2014-04-10. 3086: 3082: 3076: 3073: 3068: 3064: 3063: 3058: 3051: 3048: 3043: 3037: 3033: 3026: 3023: 3018: 3012: 3008: 3007: 2999: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2960: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2925: 2922: 2911:on 2020-07-03 2910: 2906: 2900: 2897: 2891: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2867: 2864: 2856: 2850: 2847: 2842: 2836: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2817: 2814: 2809: 2805: 2799: 2796: 2788: 2782: 2779: 2774: 2768: 2765: 2757: 2751: 2748: 2743: 2737: 2734: 2729: 2723: 2720: 2715: 2709: 2706: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2687: 2681: 2678: 2670: 2664: 2661: 2656: 2650: 2643: 2642: 2634: 2631: 2626: 2620: 2617: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2598: 2592: 2589: 2584: 2577: 2574: 2566: 2560: 2557: 2552: 2546: 2543: 2538: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2515: 2512: 2501:on 2020-07-17 2497: 2490: 2484: 2481: 2476: 2470: 2467: 2462: 2456: 2453: 2448: 2442: 2439: 2435:. 2020-01-22. 2434: 2430: 2424: 2421: 2410:on 2019-06-10 2409: 2405: 2399: 2396: 2388: 2382: 2379: 2368:on 2020-05-14 2367: 2363: 2357: 2354: 2349: 2343: 2340: 2335: 2329: 2326: 2318: 2312: 2309: 2304: 2298: 2295: 2290: 2284: 2281: 2276: 2270: 2267: 2256:on 2017-01-14 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2237: 2234: 2229: 2222: 2216: 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