1218:
of the day" as "incidental vessels" to convey spiritual truths. Lamoureux rewrote his article as a 2009 journal paper, incorporating excerpts from his books, in which he noted the similarities of his views to theistic evolution, but objected to that term as making evolution the focus rather than creation. He also distanced his beliefs from the deistic or more liberal beliefs included in theistic evolution. He also argued that although referring to the same view, the word arrangement in the term "theistic evolution" places "the process of evolution as the primary term, and makes the
Creator secondary as merely a qualifying adjective".
1349:
changed, Genera of natural classes have arisen as many in number as the different parents, and since this is not carried further, we regard this also as having been done by His
Omnipotent hand directly in the beginning; thus all Genera were primeval and constituted a single Species. That as many Genera having arisen as there were individuals in the beginning, these plants in course of time became fertilised by others of different sort and thus arose Species until so many were produced as now exist ... these Species were sometimes fertilised out of congeners, that is other Species of the same Genus, whence have arisen Varieties.
1590:
Nevertheless all living things have much in common, in their chemical composition, their germinal vesicles, their cellular structure, and their laws of growth and reproduction. We see this even in so trifling a circumstance as that the same poison often similarly affects plants and animals; or that the poison secreted by the gall-fly produces monstrous growths on the wild rose or oak-tree. I should infer from analogy that probably all the organic beings which have ever lived on this earth have descended from some one primordial form, into which life was first breathed by the
3754:
development of the world and human beings is dispensed with altogether. The
English philosopher Antony Flew was unfortunately right when he stated that through this constantly repeated strategy of protection and withdrawal with which we are familiar (and which for long decades kept young Catholics especially from the study of biology 'which endangers the faith'), the hypothesis of God was being 'killed by inches, the death of a thousand qualifications.' Is such an attitude credible belief in God? It isn't surprising that it is increasingly being put in question.
2046:
Adam is a miracle since the Quran directly states it to be, but it does not assert there being no humans who could have existed at the time of Adam's appearance on earth and who could have come about as a result of evolution. This viewpoint stands in contrast to creationism and human exceptionalism, ultimately declaring that evolution could be viewed without conflict with Islam and that
Muslims could either accept or reject "human evolution on its scientific merits without reference to the story of Adam".
667:
2110:(27%) believe in human evolution. Most other Muslim countries have statistics in between. Although it is to be noted that belief in (theistic) evolution is increasing in a lot of Muslim countries and societies. The younger generations have a higher rate of acceptance. Countries more developed or developing faster also have higher rates of acceptance. Muslim societies in non-Muslim countries (such as in the West) are inconsistent and can be high or low depending on the specific countries.
1944:
1323:, but only under certain limits fixed by God. Linnaeus had initially embraced the Aristotelian idea of immutability of species (the idea that species never change), but later in his life he started to challenge it. Yet, as a Christian, he still defended "special creation", the belief that God created "every living creature" at the beginning, as read in Genesis, with the peculiarity a set of original species of which all the present species have descended.
2026:. This belief is considered to be the most viable because it synthesizes the miraculous creation of Adam and Eve and agrees with Muslim theology. At the same time, it is considered as compatible with evolutionary science—any questions regarding Adam and his miraculous creation, the lineage that leads to him, or whether this lineage mated with other "human-like" beings are irrelevant to science and are not obstacles to any established scientific theories.
47:
3389:
reproduction. We see this even in so trifling a circumstance as that the same poison often similarly affects plants and animals; or that the poison secreted by the gall-fly produces monstrous growths on the wild rose or oak-tree. Therefore I should infer that probably all organic beings which have ever lived on this earth have descended from some one primordial form, into which life was first breathed by the
Creator.
1637:" (1862) in which he rejected many Darwinian ideas, such as those concerning vestigial organs or questioning God's perfection in his work. Brewster concluded that Darwin's book contained both "much valuable knowledge and much wild speculation", although accepting that "every part of the human frame had been fashioned by the Divine hand and exhibited the most marvellous and beneficent adaptions for the use of men".
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will and grace of the
Creator. The qualifying word in this category is the adjective "evolutionary", indicating simply the method through which the Lord made the cosmos and living organisms. This view of origins is often referred to as "theistic evolution". However, such a word arrangement places the process of evolution as the primary term, and makes the Creator secondary as merely a qualifying adjective.
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1331:
until from them originated those plants which today exist as genera. Nature then mixed up these plant genera among themselves through generations -of double origin (hybrids) and multiplied them into existing species, as many as possible (whereby the flower structures were not changed) excluding from the number of species the almost sterile hybrids, which are produced by the same mode of origin.
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589:
2094:" and lack of understanding about views such as human exceptionalism and Adamic exceptionalism. A lot of people suggest that it also has a lot to do with lack of proper scientific facilities and development in a lot (but not all) Muslim countries, particularly where there exists a lot of conflict and political tension. Regardless, a large majority of Muslims accept evolution in
6186:
1403:" to refer to species which have experienced biological changes through hybridization, although they both were inclined to believe that hybrids would revert to the parental forms by a general law of reversion, and therefore, would not be responsible for the introduction of new species. Later, in a number of experiments carried out between 1856 and 1863, the Augustinian friar
1136:'s creation (Non-exceptionalism). Some Muslims believe that only Adam and Hawa (Eve) were special creations and they alongside their earliest descendants were exceptions to common ancestry, but the later descendants (including modern humans) share common ancestry with the rest of life on Earth because there were
1697:
struggled with "distress and doubt" following the death of his daughter in 1861, before enthusiastically saying in the late 1870s there was "not a single philosophical question connected with our highest and dearest religious and spiritual interests that is fundamentally affected, or even put in any
1330:
Let us suppose that the Divine Being in the beginning progressed from the simpler to the complex; from few to many; similarly that He in the beginning of the plant kingdom created as many plants as there were natural orders. These plant orders He
Himself, there from producing, mixed among themselves
1217:
published a 2003 article and a 2008 theological book, both aimed at
Christians who do not believe in evolution (including young Earth creationists), and at those looking to reconcile their Christian faith with evolutionary science. His main argument was that Genesis presents the "science and history
2929:
The most important word in the term evolutionary creation is the noun "creation". These
Christian evolutionists are first and foremost thoroughly committed and unapologetic creationists. They believe that the world is a creation that is absolutely dependent for every instant of its existence on the
1624:
apparently dismissed the book as "the law of higgledy-pigglety", and in 1861 Herschel wrote of evolution that "n intelligence, guided by a purpose, must be continually in action to bias the direction of the steps of change—to regulate their amount—to limit their divergence—and to continue them in a
1348:
We imagine that the
Creator at the actual time of creation made only one single species for each natural order of plants, this species being different in habit and fructification from all the rest. That he made these mutually fertile, whence out of their progeny, fructification having been somewhat
1209:
that it is a type of evolution rather than creationism, despite its name. "From a scientific point of view, evolutionary creationism is hardly distinguishable from Theistic Evolution ... lie not in science but in theology." Those who hold to evolutionary creationism argue that God is involved to a
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which insinuates that it is possible for humans to exist or not exist before the appearance of Adam on earth with either belief being possible due to the Quran, and that it is possible that an intermingling of Adam's descendants and other humans may or may not have occurred. Thus, the existence of
1640:
In the 1860s theistic evolutionism became a popular compromise in science and gained widespread support from the general public. Between 1866 and 1868 Owen published a theory of derivation, proposing that species had an innate tendency to change in ways that resulted in variety and beauty showing
1038:
describes theistic evolution as the position that "evolution is real, but that it was set in motion by God", and characterizes it as accepting "that evolution occurred as biologists describe it, but under the direction of God". He lists six general premises on which different versions of theistic
1812:, and subsequent evolution of pre-human life forms may not cause any difficulty but the need to reconcile religious and scientific views of hominization and to account for the addition of a soul to humans remains a problem. Theistic evolution typically postulates a point at which a population of
3014:
The theory of evolution only makes sense in the light of creation, for creation is a force that drives all of temporal history The short summary often is: God creates through evolution.Thus I see "Creation through evolution" as a groundless statement. First of all, it contradicts the Biblical
1271:. He stated that faith and science are compatible and suggested the word "BioLogos" (Word of Life) to describe theistic evolution. Collins later laid out the idea that God created all things, but that evolution is the best scientific explanation for the diversity of all life on Earth. The name
3106:. Glass (1959b, p. 151) summarizes his mature views this way: 'In the end he believed in the evolution of the smaller systematic categories, of the species as he knew species, and maybe of the genera. But the original Creation was still that of a multitude of forms, distinct then and forever.'
1480:) set out goal-centred progressive development as the Creator's divine plan, programmed to unfold without direct intervention or miracles. The book became a best-seller and popularised the idea of transmutation in a designed "law of progression". The scientific establishment strongly attacked
1589:
I believe that animals have descended from at most only four or five progenitors, and plants from an equal or lesser number. Analogy would lead me one step further, namely, to the belief that all animals and plants have descended from some one prototype. But analogy may be a deceitful guide.
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Meanwhile, theology had withdrawn from asserting the direct creation of the whole world by God: first to the direct creation of the human body (not from the animal world); then to that of the human soul (in contrast to the human body). Finally – it seems today – a direct intervention in the
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Page 420, fifteen lines from top, after 'deceitful guide,' omit whole remainder of paragraph, and insert, instead, as follows: Nevertheless, all living things have much in common; in their chemical composition, their germinal vesicles, their cellular structure, and their laws of growth and
1714:
by turning to Asa Gray's belief that God had set the rules at the start and only intervened on rare occasions, as a way to harmonise evolution with theology. The idea of evolution did not seriously shake Wright's faith, but he later suffered a crisis when confronted with
3102:(1756), Linnaeus had argued that the genera were the original units of creation and that the species within them had originated by subsequent hybridization. In 1766, he dropped his famous maxim about the permanance of species from the final edition of the
2290:. They consider that it undermines central biblical teachings by regarding the creation account as a myth, a parable, or an allegory, instead of treating it as an accurate record of historical events. They also fear that a capitulation to what they call "
2285:
prefer to criticize theistic evolution on theological grounds rather than on any scientific data, finding it hard to reconcile the nature of a loving God with the process of evolution, in particular, the existence of death and suffering before the
2049:"Human exceptionalism" is theologically compatible, but has some issues with science due to the rejection of common ancestry of modern humans. "Non-exceptionalism" is scientifically compatible, but it's theological validity is a matter of debate.
1512:
said that in "continuous operation of Creative power" through geological time, new species of animals appeared in a "successive and continuous fashion" through birth from their antecedents by a Creative law rather than through slow transmutation.
1903:. More specifically, it rejects the idea that modern humans share common ancestry with other life-forms on Earth. It may still accept that humans evolved over time after Adam's creation and that various species of humans evolved over time.
1676:, be it true or not; it may simply be suggesting a larger idea of Divine Prescience and Skill ... and I do not that 'the accidental evolution of organic beings' is inconsistent with divine design—It is accidental to us, not to God."
1499:
of 1849 suggested that divine laws could have controlled the development of life, but he did not expand this idea after objections from his conservative patrons. Others supported the idea of development by law, including the botanist
2041:, Jalajel believes that Adam's creation does not necessarily signal the beginning of humanity as the Quran makes no declaration as to whether or not human beings were on Earth before Adam had descended. As a result, Jalajel invokes
1693:. Critics promptly complained that this "degrading" image "tears the crown from our heads", but there is little evidence that it led to loss of faith. Among the few who did record the impact of Darwin's writings, the naturalist
1959:
as the first humans, and that the rest of humanity descends from them. At the same time, this view asserts that modern humans emerged through evolution and that modern humans have a lineage leading up to the origin of life
1744:, and despite the Catholic Church having no official position, it does support belief in it. Studies show that acceptance of evolution is lower in the United States than in Europe or Japan; among 34 countries sampled, only
1077:
Despite all these, humans are unique. The concern for the Moral Law (the knowledge of right and wrong) and the continuous search for God among all human cultures defy evolutionary explanations and point to our spiritual
1387:
Jens Christian Clausen (1967), refers to Linnaeus' theory as a "forgotten evolutionary theory antedates Darwin's by nearly 100 years", and reports that he was a pioneer in doing experiments about hybridization.
3710:
The six leading examples are the subject of Artigas's book. Each of these has a chapter in Artigas: Léroy, Zahm, Bonomelli, Mivart, the English Bishop John Hedley, and Raffaello Caverni. All are also covered by
1407:(1822–1884), aligning himself with the "new doctrine of special creation" proposed by Linnaeus, concluded that new species of plants could indeed arise, although limitedly and retaining their own stability.
1308:, had wondered "why such different species should not only mingle together, but also generate an animal, and yet that that hybridous production should not again generate, and so a new race be carried on".
1928:
beings already existed on Earth before their arrival. Thus, it accepts the belief that modern humans share common ancestry with other life-forms on Earth, and that our lineage can be traced back to the
1470:(1807–1873), a persistent opponent of transmutation, saw mankind as the goal of a sequence of creations, but his concepts were the first to be adapted into a scheme of theistic evolutionism, when in
1951:
Adamic exceptionalism is the current leading view, as it is considered to be compatible with both science and Islamic theology. Adamic exceptionalism asserts that Adam and Eve were created by
1625:
definite course". He added "On the other hand, we do not mean to deny that such intelligence may act according to law (that is to say, on a preconceived and definite plan)". The scientist Sir
1495:
he adapted idealist philosophy to reconcile natural theology with development, unifying nature as divergence from an underlying form in a process demonstrating design. His conclusion to his
1816:
who had (or may have) evolved by a process of natural evolution acquired souls and thus (with their descendants) became fully human in theological terms. This group might be restricted to
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318:
1275:
instead became the name of the organization Collins founded years later. This organization now prefers the term "evolutionary creation" to describe their take on theistic evolution.
1201:
Others see "evolutionary creation" (EC, also referred to by some observers as "evolutionary creationism") as the belief that God, as Creator, uses evolution to bring about his plan.
1661:
as design generated by the Creator's laws of nature for the delight of humans. Argyll attempted to reconcile evolution with design by suggesting that the laws of variation prepared
1027:; they hold that religious beliefs and scientific theories do not need to contradict each other. Diversity exists regarding how the two concepts of faith and science fit together.
2018:
description for it. Adam is still considered to be the first human from a theological perspective. Adamic exceptionalism also asserts that the early descendants of Adam mated or
1680:
1604:
Within a decade most scientists had started espousing evolution, but from the outset some expressed opposition to the concept of natural selection and searched for a more
816:
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2014:
beings do not fit the theological description of "humans". From a theological perspective, they're not true humans, but they are biologically human, since they fit the
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1289:
Historians of science (and authors of pre-evolutionary ideas) have pointed out that scientists had considered the concept of biological change well before Darwin.
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new light, by the theory of evolution", and in the late 1880s embracing the view that "evolution is entirely consistent with a rational theism". Similarly,
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The theory of evolution is controversial in plenty of contemporary Muslim societies due to negative social views and misconceptions such as "the theory is
2085:
1728:
1472:
1851:, but tended to come under attack from both the theological and biological camps. and 20th-century thinking tended to avoid proposing precise mechanisms.
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at the time, but later more sophisticated theistic evolutionists followed the same approach of looking for patterns of development as evidence of design.
821:
806:
552:
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1752:
1441:, scientists were looking for creation by laws rather than by miraculous interventions. In continental Europe, the idealism of philosophers including
1024:
1574:(1848–1890) also accepted the theory of natural selection, incorporating it into his Christian beliefs as merely the way God worked. Darwin's friend
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5502:
360:
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1645:(1827–1900) insisted that natural selection could not explain patterns and variation, which they saw as resulting from divine purpose. In 1867 the
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and paleontology were still connected to Old Earth creationism. The above depicts a brutal world of deep time, existing before Adam and Eve, from
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1824:, although versions of the theory allow for larger populations. The point at which such an event occurred should essentially be the same as in
752:
66:
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view that God creates through evolution. It covers a wide range of beliefs about the extent of any intervention by God, with some approaching
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985:, but includes a range of views about how science relates to religious beliefs and the extent to which God intervenes. It rejects the strict
547:
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1685:, concluding that humans "descended from a hairy quadruped, furnished with a tail and pointed ears", which would be classified amongst the
1508:(1796–1860), who wrote in 1855 that such laws better illustrated the powers of the Creator. In 1858 Owen in his speech as President of the
1491:(1804–1892), a prominent figure in the Victorian era scientific establishment, opposed transmutation throughout his life. When formulating
494:
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Surveys critical problems in Darwinist explanations and common theistic views; explores ancient and modern "excluded middle" alternatives
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envisaged continuing extinctions, leaving unanswered the problem of providing replacements. As seen in correspondence between Lyell and
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4298:, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Mar., 2001), pp. 81–95, Cambridge University Press on behalf of The British Society for the History of Science,
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stated that the theory failed as an explanation in the minds of biologists from the late 19th century onwards as it broke the rules of
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David Solomon Jalajel, an Islamic author, proclaims an Adamic exceptionalism view of evolution which encourages the theological use of
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1778:. The process and means by which hominization occurs is a key problem in theistic evolutionary thought. This is noticeable more so in
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2153:) by specifying the laws that govern it, and leaves species to evolve according to the conditions they experience as time goes by.
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1189:(1881–1955) was an influential proponent of God-directed evolution or "orthogenesis", in which man will eventually evolve to the "
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1417:
disrupted static views of nature in the early 19th century, confirming geology as showing a historical sequence of life. British
88:
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along with monkeys, and in turn descended "through a long line of diversified forms" going back to something like the larvae of
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to show earlier organisms being replaced in a series of creations by new organisms better adapted to a changed environment.
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by Michael D. Guinan, O.F.M.; critical assessment of creationism and intelligent design from a Roman Catholic perspective.
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619:
606:
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3637:(Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism) teach that all biological organisms have souls which pass from one life to another in the
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1258:
923:
537:
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1020:
Supporters of theistic evolution generally attempt to harmonize evolutionary thought with belief in God and reject the
977:, positing that the concept of God and religious beliefs are compatible with the findings of modern science, including
6075:
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3673:, pp. 271–272. Note that "special creation of man" in Catholic references is a far more restricted concept than "
1509:
857:
593:
4634:, Vol. 21, No. 3 (Jul., 1959), pp. 566–584, Cambridge University Press for the University of Notre Dame du lac,
3645:
1090:, has used the term to refer to the part of the overall spectrum of beliefs about creation and evolution holding the
2407:
2060:, etc. Proponents of Adamic-exceptionalism include David Solomon Jalajel. Proponents of non-exceptionalism include:
5771:
4945:
2303:
1966:
1860:
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beings on Earth before Adam's arrival who came through evolution. This belief is known as "Adamic exceptionalism".
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93:
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Divine intervention is seen at critical intervals in history in a way consistent with scientific explanations of
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906:
901:
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71:
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2537:, New Series, Vol. 87, No. 1 (Mar., 1985), p. 149, Wiley on behalf of the American Anthropological Association,
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3797:. 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN: Routledge: Taylor and Francis group. pp. 128–130.
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used the name "theistic evolution" in a now-obsolete sense for his point of view, presented in his 1876 book
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This is completely plausible from a theological perspective and unfalsifiable from a scientific perspective.
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3086:. Center for Origins Research Issues in Creation. Vol. 5. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock. p. 16.
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Miller, J. D.; Scott, E. C.; Okamoto, S. (2006). "Science Communication: Public Acceptance of Evolution".
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have listed different terms which were used to describe different positions from the 1890s to the 1920s: "
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674:
474:
429:
251:
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3378:. Landmarks of science (5 ed.). New York: D. Appleton and Company (published 1860). pp. 431–432
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Several 19th-century theologians and evolutionists attempted specific solutions, including the Catholics
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Thank God for Evolution: How the Marriage of Science and Religion Will Transform Your Life and Our World
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1399:(1733–1806) denied the immutability of species, which the Bible never teaches. Kölreuter used the term "
1380:
826:
698:
572:
454:
399:
365:
278:
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1782:, which often have held as a core belief that the souls of animals and humans differ in some capacity.
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is to make no argument for or against a matter to which scripture possesses no declarations for. With
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3629:) to all organisms but taught that only human souls are immortal. See: Peter Eardley and Carl Still,
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1992:
1833:
1716:
1540:
666:
650:
424:
196:
81:
38:
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1943:
1433:(1797–1875) also saw adaptation to changing environments as a sign of a benevolent Creator, but his
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have, while accepting both theistic creation and evolution, rejected the term "theistic evolution".
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1737:: "In one form or another, Theistic Evolutionism is the view of creation taught at the majority of
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with these "human-like beings", yielding one lineage that leads to Adam and another that leads to
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1563:, as it did not entail inevitable progress and humanity could be seen as a fallen race requiring
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1555:, promoted a theology of creation as an indirect process controlled by divine laws. Some strict
1143:
When evolutionary science developed, so did different types of theistic evolution. Creationists
1102:, while others believe that God has directly intervened at crucial points such as the origin of
3200:"An Analysis of the Work of Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter and its Relation to Gregor Mendel's Work"
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4520:
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4488:
4424:
4418:
4400:
4376:
4352:
4331:
4323:
4281:
4255:
4233:
4204:
4164:
4137:
4113:
4047:
3979:
3798:
3736:
3634:
3561:
3087:
3026:
2854:
2739:
2719:
2618:
2563:
2516:
2341:
2335:
2227:
2201:
2057:
1832:, but theological discussion of the matter tends to concentrate on the theoretical. The term "
1825:
1821:
1669:
1616:
in an anonymous review while praising "Professor Owen" for "the establishment of the axiom of
1568:
1560:
1552:
1434:
1065:
982:
258:
136:
126:
121:
46:
4318:
2848:
6505:
6475:
6460:
6409:
6404:
6359:
5617:
5184:
5162:
4970:
4704:
4450:
4438:
4394:
4274:
4227:
4069:
3969:
3924:
3674:
3596:
3553:
3473:
3294:
3224:
2989:
2821:
2506:
2347:
2193:
2162:
2019:
1794:
1548:
1544:
1447:
1418:
1320:
1099:
990:
791:
771:
293:
2559:
2212:
considers theistic evolution a "superfluous attempt" to "smuggle God in by the back door".
6450:
6440:
6369:
5978:
5429:
5418:
5372:
5315:
5264:
5044:
4848:
4676:
4545:
4481:
4269:
4247:
4223:
4103:
3666:
3649:
2299:
2263:
2255:
2243:
2209:
2189:
2065:
1900:
1882:
1344:
Linnaeus attributed the active process of biological change to God himself, as he stated:
1262:
1214:
1144:
1129:
1114:
1035:
1021:
742:
723:
708:
246:
236:
98:
4252:
The Eclipse of Darwinism: anti-Darwinian evolutionary theories in the decades around 1900
2010:
beings on Earth through evolution before Adam was brought into the world; however, these
4785:
4063:
3965:
2502:
17:
6445:
6389:
6344:
6314:
6299:
6294:
5818:
5690:
4992:
4987:
4925:
4903:
4390:
4366:
3622:
3369:
3167:
Jens Christian Clausen (1967), "Stages in the Evolution of Plant Species", Harper, p. 5
3064:
2968:
2457:
2251:
2073:
1930:
1890:
1886:
1809:
1783:
1694:
1626:
1530:
1410:
1319:(1735), a book in which he considered that new varieties of plants could arise through
1243:
1233:
1148:
970:
328:
231:
4534:
Finding Darwin's God: A Scientist's Search for Common Ground Between God and Evolution
3669:, see Rahner, section "Hominization" by Karl Rahner in entry on "Evolution", 484–485;
1543:
accepted evolution provided they could reconcile it with divine design. The clergymen
6561:
6495:
6480:
6455:
6394:
6354:
6304:
6212:
6202:
6146:
6020:
5898:
5857:
5703:
5597:
5472:
5457:
5125:
5120:
4396:
The Creationists: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design, Expanded Edition
4346:
4342:
3608:
3573:
3417:
3306:
2881:
2664:
2444:
2185:
1982:
1734:
1707:
1621:
1591:
1501:
1467:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1404:
1312:
1202:
1133:
1087:
786:
479:
151:
4782:
An examination of both the theological and scientific aspects of theistic evolution.
4454:
3234:. Special Publications. Vol. 143. London: Geological Society. pp. 133–136.
2833:
1771:
6520:
6510:
6399:
6384:
6222:
6158:
6015:
5963:
5908:
5741:
5736:
5477:
5088:
4497:
2583:
2352:
2235:
2182:
2150:
1972:
1952:
1910:
1817:
1662:
1609:
1571:
1488:
1455:
were a purposeful divine plan aimed at forming humanity. These scientists rejected
1376:
1153:
998:
781:
499:
484:
268:
263:
181:
4313:
3722:
2552:
4687:
About: Agnosticism/Atheism on 'Theistic Evolution & Evolutionary Creationism'
4370:
3730:
3446:
3373:
3079:
6500:
6374:
6227:
6042:
5913:
5694:
5642:
5177:
5007:
4913:
4871:
4513:
4414:
2287:
2231:
2103:
2069:
2061:
2053:
1774:, in both science and religion, involves the process or the purpose of becoming
1460:
1442:
1363:
1190:
1014:
986:
681:
658:
509:
226:
176:
4765:
3474:"John Henry Newman to J. Walker of Scarborough on Darwin's Theory of Evolution"
3421:
2665:"Darwin'den 1000 yıl önce evrim fikrini ortaya atan Müslüman: Basralı El Cahiz"
2397:
1121:, and the creation story in the book of Genesis should be read metaphorically.
6525:
6490:
6349:
6339:
6309:
6217:
6185:
5903:
5804:
5726:
5713:
5602:
5462:
5147:
5034:
5012:
4965:
4960:
4908:
4876:
4597:, Ed. by Robert R. Mathisen, 2nd revised edn., Baylor University Press, 2006,
4161:
The New Answers Book: Over 25 Questions on Creation / Evolution and the Bible
3600:
3507:
3144:
2993:
2825:
2149:
that the deity, equipped with foreknowledge, sets the direction of evolution (
2095:
2002:
1829:
1741:
1690:
1686:
1658:
1422:
1414:
1254:
1222:
1071:
No special supernatural intervention is involved once evolution got under way;
283:
206:
161:
141:
55:
4294:
Brundell, Barry, "Catholic Church Politics and Evolution Theory, 1894-1902",
1939:: The acceptance of evolution without any exceptions for miraculous creation.
6256:
6194:
6168:
6141:
6037:
5888:
5632:
5452:
5115:
4863:
4073:
3557:
2973:"Nothing in Evolutionary Theory Makes Sense Except in the Light of Creation"
2247:
2178:
1874:
divides Muslim positions on the evolution theory into four different views.
1605:
1564:
1556:
1452:
1061:
997:. Modern theistic evolution accepts the general scientific consensus on the
978:
542:
156:
76:
4698:
4518:
Coming to Peace with Science: Bridging the Worlds Between Faith and Biology
3983:
3565:
3480:. Vol. XXIV. Oxford: Clarendon Press (published 1973). pp. 77–78.
3298:
2520:
4736:
From Flat Earthism to Atheistic Evolutionism, including Theistic Evolution
3642:
2302:
in scientific explanations, undermining biblical doctrines, such as God's
1881:: The rejection of evolutionary theory and all of its elements, including
588:
6249:
6136:
5940:
5288:
5142:
4059:
2853:. ISSR library (in Italian). University of California Press. p. 69.
2533:
Stipe, Claude E., "Scientific Creationism and Evangelical Christianity",
2138:
2130:
1956:
1575:
1301:
1297:
1272:
1161:
1091:
1044:
1006:
532:
131:
6086:
3005:
3001:
2615:
Beyond the Firmament: Understanding Science and the Theology of Creation
2582:
Pope John Paul II, 3 October 1981 to the Pontifical Academy of Science,
2125:
Alternatives to evolution by natural selection § Theistic evolution
5582:
5482:
5330:
5325:
5039:
4791:
4729:
Nobel Prize winner Charles Townes on evolution and "intelligent design"
4635:
4462:
4299:
2807:"Evolutionary Creation: Moving Beyond the Evolution vs Creation Debate"
2291:
2282:
2099:
2091:
1837:
1813:
1793:, but that humans did. Many versions of theistic evolution insist on a
1756:
1673:
1654:
1368:
1125:
4620:
3283:"Mind the gap: Did Darwin avoid publishing his theory for many years?"
2538:
2196:, sufficient explanation of the phenomena of evolution is provided by
2462:"Defining the Relationship between Evolution and Divine Intervention"
2307:
1745:
4779:
3974:
3949:
3869:
Islam and Evolution: Al-Ghazālī and the Modern Evolutionary Paradigm
3834:
Islam and Evolution: Al-Ghazālī and the Modern Evolutionary Paradigm
3795:
Islam and Evolution: Al Ghazali and the Modern Evolutionary Paradigm
2511:
2486:
4591:
Between Americanism and Modernism; John Zahm and Theistic Evolution
1899:: The acceptance of the entirety of evolutionary theory except for
973:. Here, God is taken as the primary cause while natural causes are
5538:
5347:
5246:
3009:
1775:
1620:". In December 1859 Darwin had been disappointed to hear that Sir
1618:
the continuous operation of the ordained becoming of living things
1578:(1810–1888) defended natural selection as compatible with design.
1362:
1132:(human exceptionalism), while some give an allegorical reading of
1103:
1095:
3193:
3191:
1466:
threatening the established hierarchies of society. The idealist
5497:
3901:"Islam and Evolution: The Curious Case of David Solomon Jalajel"
3887:
Islam and Evolution: Al Ghazali and Modern Evolutionary Paradigm
3225:"Lyell's views on organic progression, evolution and extinction"
2226:
A number of notable proponents of theistic evolution, including
2107:
1961:
1798:
1790:
6090:
4795:
4707:
by Laurence Moran, presents a standard definition for evolution
1679:
In 1871 Darwin published his own research on human ancestry in
4441:(1997). "Antievolution and Creationism in the United States".
4229:
Negotiating Darwin: the Vatican confronts evolution, 1877–1902
966:
4486:
The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief
4201:
Did God Use Evolution? Observations from a Scientist of Faith
4788:
signed by thousands of clergy supporting evolution and faith
1909:: The acceptance of evolution, only making an exception for
1306:
The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of Creation (1692)
4710:
3130:
As quoted from Ramsbottom, (1938); in David Briggs (1997),
4630:
Morrison, John L., "William Seton: A Catholic Darwinist",
2914:"Evolutionary Creation: A Christian Approach to Evolution"
2006:, etc.) Adamic exceptionalists believe that Allah created
1836:" is sometimes used to refer to theories that there was a
1236:
describes the position of the late 19th-century geologist
1232:
Regarding the embracing of Darwinian evolution, historian
4713:
Old Earth Creationism, with section on theistic evolution
4372:
The Creationists: The Evolution of Scientific Creationism
4774:
4673:
Evolutionary Creation: A Christian Approach to Evolution
4563:
The Beautiful Scientist: a Spiritual Approach to Science
4322:, trans. John Bowden, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2007,
2086:
Acceptance of evolution by religious groups § Islam
1210:
greater extent than the theistic evolutionist believes.
1074:
Humans are a result of these evolutionary processes; and
4723:
The Vatican's View of Evolution: The Story of Two Popes
4595:
Critical Issues in American Religious History: A Reader
2208:
natural entity is not required. Evolutionary biologist
1964:), and that evolution occurred just as theorized (e.g.
1748:
had a lower rate of acceptance than the United States.
1672:
wrote in 1868: "Mr Darwin's theory need not then to be
1098:
in rejecting the concepts of continued intervention or
4348:
Evolution: The Remarkable History of Scientific Theory
3375:
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
4420:
Encyclopedia of Theology: A Concise Sacramentum Mundi
4023:"The World's Muslims: Religion, Politics and Society"
3656:, Sixth Edition. 2001–07. Retrieved 12 November 2008.
3516:. 1 vol. 1st edition, Feb. 1863 (John Murray, London)
2392:
2390:
2388:
1889:, etc. many of its proponents, however, still accept
1870:
The Islamic scholar, science lecturer and theologian
1755:, and as such it is viewed with disdain both by some
1751:
Theistic evolution has been described as arguing for
4701:
by Mark Isaak, presents various forms of creationism
3698:
3587:
Devine, Philip E. (2008). "Creation and Evolution".
3117:
Alistair Cameron Crombie, Michael A. Hoskin (1988),
3084:
Genesis Kinds: Creationism and the Origin of Species
6534:
6428:
6280:
6193:
6124:
5956:
5881:
5785:
5712:
5668:
5523:
5427:
5244:
5203:
5072:
4862:
3633:(London: Continuum, 2010), pp. 34–35. In contrast,
3527:"Wrestling with doubt – Christian History Magazine"
2181:evolutionists focuses on its essential belief in a
4644:, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006,
4305:Desmond, Adrian J.; Moore, James Richard (1991) .
4273:
2640:"Muslim thought on evolution takes a step forward"
2551:
1229:that God created "kinds" of animals sequentially.
4627:, Organ of the Roman Theological Forum, May 2001.
3732:The Beginning of All Things: Science and Religion
3082:. In Wood, Todd Charles; Garner, Paul A. (eds.).
3065:On the Origins of New Forms of Life, A new Theory
2598:. University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. Archived from
1551:(1821–1902), both conservative Christians in the
4717:Evolution & Creation: A Theosophic Synthesis
4621:Early Vatican Responses to Evolutionist Theology
4226:; Glick, Thomas F.; Martínez, Rafael A. (2006).
2596:"An Open Letter Concerning Religion and Science"
1425:to show design by a benevolent Creator, adopted
4689:by Austin Cline; overview of various viewpoints
4642:Roman Catholicism and modern science: a history
2137:. He argued that the deity supplies beneficial
1587:
1585:(January 1860), had written in the conclusion:
1346:
1328:
4296:The British Journal for the History of Science
4180:The Serious Consequences of Theistic Evolution
3735:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 94–95.
1285:Alternatives to evolution by natural selection
27:Views that religion is compatible with science
6102:
4807:
4319:beginning of all things: science and religion
4232:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
4039:
4037:
4035:
2177:The major criticism of theistic evolution by
1581:Darwin himself, in his second edition of the
931:
627:
8:
4423:. Continuum International Publishing Group.
4157:Chapter 3: Couldn’t God Have Used Evolution?
3999:"Does Islam Forbid Even Studying Evolution?"
3851:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMalik2021a (
3513:Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man
3478:The Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman
3343:
2777:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMalik2021a (
2052:Proponents of human-exceptionalism include:
1712:Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man
1128:believe that only humans were exceptions to
3230:. In Blundell, D. J.; Scott, A. C. (eds.).
3015:witness in Genesis of a completed creation.
1729:Acceptance of evolution by religious groups
1473:Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation
1391:Later observations by Protestant botanists
6109:
6095:
6087:
4814:
4800:
4792:
4065:Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism
3950:"Why I teach evolution to Muslim students"
2850:Evolution Vs. Creationism: An Introduction
2204:), and the intervention or direction of a
2135:Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism
1753:compatibility between science and religion
938:
924:
841:
807:Rejection of evolution by religious groups
645:
634:
620:
29:
3973:
3232:Lyell: the Past is the Key to the Present
2510:
1797:consisting of at least the addition of a
1476:published in 1844, its anonymous author (
1039:evolution typically rest. They include:
6048:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
3476:. In Dessain, C.S.; Gornall, T. (eds.).
3080:"1: Evolving Christian Views of Species"
2795:(1998), New Leaf Publishing Group, p. 36
2690:"'Darwin, evrimi Müslümanlar'dan çaldı'"
1942:
1413:'s analysis of fossils and discovery of
981:. Theistic evolution is not in itself a
3037:, 1998. ISBN 0-674-19312-1 pp.12,57,163
2955:
2428:
2384:
2157:set out similar views in his 1867 book
865:
844:
835:
805:
770:
731:
680:
657:
37:
4043:
4028:. Pew Research Center. April 30, 2013.
3846:
3810:
3686:
3677:" (q.v.) in typical Creationist usage.
3459:
3433:
3355:
3331:
3319:
3287:Notes and Records of the Royal Society
3268:
3256:
3244:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2744:الدكتور عدنان إبراهيم Dr Adnan Ibrahim
2192:considers that, by the application of
1840:of some sort, achieving hominization.
1451:in which patterns of development from
1111:Catholic version of theistic evolution
1047:, with the universe coming into being
5811:Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
4693:Creationism: What's a Catholic to Do?
3929:Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research
3788:
3786:
3670:
3621:For example, the Catholic theologian
3247:, pp. 108–109, 113–118, 133–134.
2942:
2403:National Center for Science Education
1913:. It asserts that Adam was the first
1599:Chapter XIV: "Conclusions", page 428.
1084:National Center for Science Education
7:
4550:Perspectives on an Evolving Creation
2945:, p. 271 for another definition
2410:from the original on 26 January 2024
1225:, with similarities to the ideas of
1166:(evolution according to fixed law),
6208:Alternatives to Darwinian evolution
3402:Review of Origin & other works.
3121:Science History Publications. p. 43
2584:"Cosmology and Fundamental Physics"
1635:The Facts and Fancies of Mr. Darwin
5216:Evolutionary developmental biology
4780:Perspectives on Theistic Evolution
4748:National Museum of Natural History
4375:. University of California Press.
4280:. University of California Press.
4254:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
3699:Artigas, Glick & Martínez 2006
3631:Aquinas: A Guide for the Perplexed
3472:Newman, John Henry (22 May 1868).
2886:"The Creation/Evolution Continuum"
2638:Hameed, Salman (11 January 2013).
2398:"The Creation/Evolution Continuum"
1702:(1838–1921) responded to Darwin's
993:, but can include beliefs such as
25:
3420:, Darwin Correspondence Project,
2716:Bir Müslüman Evrimci Olabilir Mi?
2119:19th-century 'theistic evolution'
2118:
2102:(78%). However relatively few in
1525:Religious views of Charles Darwin
1292:In the 17th century, the English
1086:in the United States of America,
6184:
6070:
6061:
6060:
4755:Proponents of theistic evolution
4276:Evolution:The History of an Idea
3701:, pp. 19, 23, 24, 35, etc..
3506:
3424:", accessed on 10 February 2019,
3205:. Plorenzano.files.wordpress.com
3048:"What is Evolutionary Creation?"
2740:"The Evolution Series Episode 1"
2558:. New York: Free Press. p.
2169:which they had grown to expect.
1947:Diagram of Adamic exceptionalism
1641:creative purpose. Both Owen and
1117:may have occurred, but God must
665:
601:
600:
587:
45:
5873:Extended evolutionary synthesis
5062:Gene-centered view of evolution
4455:10.1146/annurev.anthro.26.1.263
3997:Guessoum, Nidhal (2012-01-04).
3132:"Plant Variation and Evolution"
2321:American Scientific Affiliation
2114:Relationship to other positions
594:Evolutionary biology portal
6583:Catholic theology and doctrine
6001:Hologenome theory of evolution
5868:History of molecular evolution
5094:Evolutionarily stable strategy
4983:Last universal common ancestor
4681:St. Joseph's College, Edmonton
3416:Letter from Charles Darwin to
1082:The executive director of the
553:Creation–evolution controversy
307:History of evolutionary theory
1:
6568:Religious belief and doctrine
5795:Renaissance and Enlightenment
4443:Annual Review of Anthropology
3100:Disquisitio de Sexu Plantarum
3008:on 5 August 2021 – via
2617:. Chesapeake, VA: Watertree.
1866:Theological views and stances
1629:(1781–1868), a member of the
1504:(1804–1881) and the Reverend
1193:" of union with the Creator.
1045:prevailing cosmological model
6006:Missing heritability problem
5633:Gamete differentiation/sexes
4740:Human Timeline (Interactive)
4734:Spectrum of Creation Beliefs
4399:. Harvard University Press.
3793:Malik, Shoaib Ahmed (2021).
3145:"Rocky Road: Thomas Hawkins"
2550:Collins, Francis S. (2007).
1801:just for the human species.
1786:taught animals did not have
1653:, which explained beauty in
1259:National Institute of Health
1049:about 13.8 billion years ago
1025:between religion and science
538:Evolution as fact and theory
4786:The "Clergy Letter" Project
3948:Dajani, Rana (2015-04-23).
3925:"Dr. David Solomon Jalajel"
3531:Christian History Institute
2912:Denis O. Lamoureux (2003).
2793:The Modern Creation Trilogy
2145:argued instead in his 1871
1804:Scientific accounts of the
1633:, wrote an article called "
1421:, which sought examples of
1356:Fundamenta fructificationis
1158:(goal-directed evolution),
858:Jainism and non-creationism
6604:
5638:Life cycles/nuclear phases
5190:Trivers–Willard hypothesis
3031:Darwinism comes to America
2814:Christian Higher Education
2613:Glover, Gordon J. (2007).
2447:, Niles Eldredge, p. 62–63
2219:
2200:processes (in particular,
2122:
2083:
1861:Islamic views on evolution
1858:
1726:
1522:
1487:The comparative anatomist
1393:Carl Friedrich von Gärtner
1282:
1240:as "Christian Darwinism".
1187:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
1185:The Jesuit paleontologist
1011:origin of the Solar System
995:creation of the human soul
573:Nature-nurture controversy
6262:Evolutionary epistemology
6182:
6056:
5136:Parent–offspring conflict
4941:Earliest known life forms
4829:
4130:Dawkins, Richard (1986).
4087:Campbell, George (1867).
3654:The Columbia Encyclopedia
3601:10.1017/S0034412500024380
3450:(1862), Volume 3. p. 170.
2994:10.1163/22116117-90000522
2826:10.1080/15363750903018231
2441:Evolution Vs. Creationism
2167:methodological naturalism
2147:On the Genesis of Species
1967:Austalopithecus afarensis
1849:St. George Jackson Mivart
1397:Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter
1207:Evolution Vs. Creationism
969:acts and creates through
963:evolutionary creationism,
460:Evolutionary neuroscience
435:Evolutionary epistemology
415:Evolutionary anthropology
395:Applications of evolution
5989:Cultural group selection
5853:The eclipse of Darwinism
5825:On the Origin of Species
5800:Transmutation of species
4561:Corrado Ghinamo; (2013)
4136:. Longman. p. 316.
3817:: CS1 maint: location (
3767:"Dr. Shoaib Ahmed Malik"
3344:Desmond & Moore 1991
3334:, pp. 125–126, 139.
3078:Garner, Paul A. (2009).
3067:, by Eugene M. McCarthy.
3035:Harvard University Press
2836:– via ualberta.ca.
2714:Taslaman, Caner (2017).
2279:Young Earth creationists
2143:St George Jackson Mivart
1761:young Earth creationists
1536:On the Origin of Species
1518:On the Origin of Species
1457:transmutation of species
1445:(1779–1851) developed a
1401:transmutation of species
961:), alternatively called
450:Evolutionary linguistics
445:Evolutionary game theory
420:Evolutionary computation
18:Evolutionary creationism
6282:Philosophers of biology
5994:Dual inheritance theory
5833:History of paleontology
4584:Accounts of the history
4476:Contemporary approaches
4109:A Universe from Nothing
4074:10.5962/bhl.title.19483
3639:Transmigration of souls
3558:10.1126/science.1126746
3281:van Wyhe, John (2007).
2919:. University of Alberta
2746:(in Arabic). 2015-12-23
2535:American Anthropologist
2326:The BioLogos Foundation
2274:Young Earth creationism
1700:George Frederick Wright
1631:Free Church of Scotland
1311:18th-century scientist
1238:George Frederick Wright
1227:progressive creationism
827:"Teach the Controversy"
792:Creationist cosmologies
563:Objections to evolution
470:Evolutionary psychology
465:Evolutionary physiology
410:Evolutionary aesthetics
389:Fields and applications
371:History of paleontology
6578:Theistic evolutionists
6573:Evolution and religion
5682:Punctuated equilibrium
5003:Non-adaptive radiation
4951:Evolutionary arms race
4632:The Review of Politics
4112:Free Press, New York.
3299:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171
3149:www.strangescience.net
2173:Non-theistic evolution
2129:The American botanist
1948:
1915:theologically accurate
1806:origin of the universe
1602:
1497:On the Nature of Limbs
1384:
1361:
1342:
1315:(1707–1778) published
1279:Historical development
495:Speciation experiments
475:Experimental evolution
430:Evolutionary economics
252:Recent human evolution
110:Processes and outcomes
6588:Philosophy of biology
6176:Evolutionary taxonomy
6118:Philosophy of biology
5974:Evolutionary medicine
5848:Mendelian inheritance
5556:Biological complexity
5544:Programmed cell death
5236:Phenotypic plasticity
4956:Evolutionary pressure
4946:Evidence of evolution
4844:Timeline of evolution
4725:by Doug Linder (2004)
4393:(November 30, 2006).
4199:Gitt, Werner (2006).
3885:Malik, Shoaib Ahmed.
3867:Malik, Shoaib Ahmed.
3832:Malik, Shoaib Ahmed.
3648:July 9, 2008, at the
3407:111: 487–532, p. 500.
3400:Owen, Richard. 1860.
2981:Philosophia Reformata
2358:Old Earth creationism
1946:
1907:Adamic exceptionalism
1559:welcomed the idea of
1367:In the 19th century,
1366:
1283:Further information:
1119:create the human soul
955:theistic evolutionism
455:Evolutionary medicine
400:Biosocial criminology
366:History of speciation
279:Evolutionary taxonomy
242:Timeline of evolution
5948:Teleology in biology
5843:Blending inheritance
5221:Genetic assimilation
5084:Artificial selection
4823:Evolutionary biology
4711:Old Earth Ministries
4699:What is Creationism?
4619:Harrison, Brian W.,
4133:The Blind Watchmaker
3436:, pp. 186, 204.
3178:"Do Species Change?"
3119:"History of Science"
2884:(13 February 2018).
2847:Scott, E.C. (2009).
2805:Lamoureux, Denis O.
2718:. Destek Yayınları.
2368:Teleology in biology
2363:Religious naturalism
2141:to guide evolution.
1897:Human exceptionalism
1834:special transformism
1717:historical criticism
1337:Systema Vegetabilium
1300:priest and botanist
1257:and Director of the
959:God-guided evolution
425:Evolutionary ecology
39:Evolutionary biology
6320:Peter Godfrey-Smith
6011:Molecular evolution
5969:Ecological genetics
5838:Transitional fossil
5628:Sexual reproduction
5468:endomembrane system
5397:pollinator-mediated
5353:dolphins and whales
5131:Parental investment
4770:TalkOrigins Archive
4589:Appleby, R. Scott.
4184:The Occult Invasion
4104:Krauss, Lawrence M.
3966:2015Natur.520..409D
3836:. pp. 133–136.
3689:, pp. 484–488.
3625:attributed "soul" (
3462:, pp. 204–207.
3358:, pp. 203–205.
3346:, pp. 428–429.
3259:, pp. 120–134.
3223:Hallam, A. (1998).
3054:. February 6, 2024.
2554:The Language of God
2503:2006Natur.442Q.110.
2497:(7099): 110. 2006.
2373:Fine-tuned universe
2331:Day-age creationism
2240:Simon Conway Morris
1911:Adam and Hawa (Eve)
1845:John Augustine Zahm
1838:divine intervention
1780:Abrahamic religions
1739:mainline Protestant
1665:for a future need.
1608:mechanism. In 1860
1510:British Association
1268:The Language of God
1213:Canadian biologist
1056:fine-tuned universe
1003:age of the universe
853:Creator in Buddhism
763:Omphalos hypothesis
527:Social implications
515:Universal Darwinism
505:Island biogeography
440:Evolutionary ethics
405:Ecological genetics
351:Molecular evolution
289:Transitional fossil
117:Population genetics
33:Part of a series on
6547:History of biology
6542:Philosophy of mind
6516:John Maynard Smith
6436:Francisco J. Ayala
6420:William C. Wimsatt
6415:Gerard Verschuuren
6325:James R. Griesemer
5984:Cultural evolution
5099:Fisher's principle
5028:Handicap principle
5018:Parallel evolution
4882:Adaptive radiation
4705:What is Evolution?
4530:Miller, Kenneth R.
4367:Numbers, Ronald L.
4351:. Modern Library.
3849:, pp. 133–134
3492:The Descent of Man
3182:Answers in Genesis
2487:"Building bridges"
2268:intelligent design
2260:Francisco J. Ayala
2222:Intelligent design
2216:Intelligent design
2155:The Duke of Argyll
1998:H. heidelbergensis
1993:H. heidelbergensis
1949:
1937:Non-exceptionalism
1872:Shoaib Ahmed Malik
1682:The Descent of Man
1663:rudimentary organs
1612:attacked Darwin's
1541:liberal Christians
1385:
1253:In 2006, American
1248:Howard J. Van Till
1178:creative evolution
1170:emergent evolution
951:Theistic evolution
874:Theistic evolution
797:Intelligent design
748:creation narrative
733:Biblical cosmology
558:Theistic evolution
490:Selective breeding
202:Parallel evolution
167:Adaptive radiation
6555:
6554:
6486:Humberto Maturana
6471:Stephen Jay Gould
6365:Roberta Millstein
6330:Paul E. Griffiths
6084:
6083:
5700:Uniformitarianism
5653:Sex-determination
5158:Sexual dimorphism
5153:Natural selection
5057:Unit of selection
5023:Signalling theory
4766:God and Evolution
4658:978-0-8264-1868-5
4611:978-1-932792-39-3
4439:Scott, Eugenie C.
4430:978-0-8601-2006-3
4406:978-0-674-02339-0
4358:978-0-679-64288-6
4343:Larson, Edward J.
4336:978-0-8028-0763-2
4309:. Michael Joseph.
4287:978-0-520-23693-6
4261:978-0-8018-4391-4
4159:Ham, Ken (2006).
4118:978-1-4516-2445-8
3635:Dharmic religions
3589:Religious Studies
3322:, pp. 47–49.
3271:, pp. 42–46.
3198:Pablo Lorenzano.
3027:Ronald L. Numbers
2860:978-0-520-26187-7
2624:978-0-9787186-1-9
2602:on 12 March 2005.
2460:(13 March 2019).
2431:, pp. 34–38.
2342:Epic of evolution
2336:Deistic evolution
2228:Kenneth R. Miller
2202:natural selection
2058:Nuh Ha Mim Keller
1826:paleoanthropology
1822:Mitochondrial Eve
1704:Origin of Species
1670:John Henry Newman
1614:Origin of Species
1561:natural selection
1553:Church of England
1435:uniformitarianism
1197:Alternative terms
1066:natural selection
1017:, and evolution.
983:scientific theory
948:
947:
915:
914:
644:
643:
335:Origin of Species
137:Natural selection
16:(Redirected from
6595:
6506:Joan Roughgarden
6476:Richard Lewontin
6461:Michael Ghiselin
6410:Francisco Varela
6405:Alfred I. Tauber
6360:Jane Maienschein
6188:
6111:
6104:
6097:
6088:
6074:
6064:
6063:
5863:Modern synthesis
5623:Multicellularity
5618:Mosaic evolution
5503:auditory ossicle
5185:Social selection
5168:Flowering plants
5163:Sexual selection
4816:
4809:
4802:
4793:
4625:Living Tradition
4546:Miller, Keith B.
4482:Collins, Francis
4466:
4434:
4410:
4386:
4362:
4310:
4291:
4279:
4270:Bowler, Peter J.
4265:
4248:Bowler, Peter J.
4243:
4224:Artigas, Mariano
4211:
4203:. Master Books.
4197:
4191:
4182:(excerpted from
4177:
4171:
4163:. Master Books.
4154:
4148:
4147:
4127:
4121:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4090:The Reign of Law
4084:
4078:
4077:
4056:
4050:
4041:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3977:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3864:
3858:
3856:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3816:
3808:
3790:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3718:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3696:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3675:special creation
3663:
3657:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3523:
3517:
3510:
3504:
3498:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3425:
3414:
3408:
3405:Edinburgh Review
3398:
3392:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3365:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3229:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3204:
3195:
3186:
3185:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3141:
3135:
3128:
3122:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3044:
3038:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3004:. Archived from
2977:
2965:
2959:
2952:
2946:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2926:
2924:
2918:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2811:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2770:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2557:
2547:
2541:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2514:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2454:
2448:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2406:. 22 June 2022.
2394:
2348:Natural theology
2163:Edward J. Larson
2161:. The historian
2159:The Reign of Law
1917:human. However,
1879:Non-evolutionism
1795:special creation
1659:adaptive benefit
1651:The Reign of Law
1600:
1549:Frederick Temple
1547:(1819–1875) and
1545:Charles Kingsley
1448:Naturphilosophie
1419:natural theology
1395:(1772–1850) and
1359:
1340:
1326:Linnaeus wrote:
1100:special creation
999:age of the Earth
991:special creation
940:
933:
926:
842:
822:Public education
772:Creation science
669:
646:
636:
629:
622:
609:
604:
603:
596:
592:
591:
568:Level of support
361:Current research
346:Modern synthesis
341:Before synthesis
294:Extinction event
52:Darwin's finches
49:
30:
21:
6603:
6602:
6598:
6597:
6596:
6594:
6593:
6592:
6558:
6557:
6556:
6551:
6530:
6451:Richard Dawkins
6441:Patrick Bateson
6424:
6370:Sandra Mitchell
6276:
6189:
6180:
6120:
6115:
6085:
6080:
6052:
5979:Group selection
5952:
5877:
5781:
5708:
5670:Tempo and modes
5664:
5519:
5423:
5240:
5199:
5075:
5068:
5045:Species complex
4858:
4849:History of life
4825:
4820:
4762:
4757:
4677:Denis Lamoureux
4669:
4640:O'Leary, John.
4586:
4478:
4473:
4471:Further reading
4437:
4431:
4413:
4407:
4391:Numbers, Ronald
4389:
4383:
4365:
4359:
4341:
4304:
4288:
4268:
4262:
4246:
4240:
4222:
4219:
4214:
4198:
4194:
4178:
4174:
4155:
4151:
4144:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4102:
4098:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4042:
4033:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4007:
4005:
4003:Huffington Post
3996:
3995:
3991:
3975:10.1038/520409a
3947:
3946:
3942:
3933:
3931:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3909:
3907:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3871:. p. 130.
3866:
3865:
3861:
3850:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3809:
3805:
3792:
3791:
3784:
3775:
3773:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3705:
3697:
3693:
3685:
3681:
3667:Catholic Church
3664:
3660:
3650:Wayback Machine
3620:
3616:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3552:(5788): 765–6.
3543:
3542:
3538:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3505:
3501:
3490:Darwin (1871),
3489:
3485:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3458:
3454:
3444:
3440:
3432:
3428:
3422:Letter no. 2575
3415:
3411:
3399:
3395:
3381:
3379:
3370:Darwin, Charles
3368:
3366:
3362:
3354:
3350:
3342:
3338:
3330:
3326:
3318:
3314:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3267:
3263:
3255:
3251:
3243:
3239:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3196:
3189:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3153:
3151:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3129:
3125:
3116:
3112:
3104:Systema Naturae
3094:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3063:
3059:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3025:
3021:
2975:
2969:Klapwijk, Jacob
2967:
2966:
2962:
2953:
2949:
2940:
2936:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2776:
2771:
2758:
2749:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2699:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2674:
2672:
2669:BBC News Türkçe
2663:
2662:
2658:
2648:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2581:
2577:
2570:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2532:
2528:
2512:10.1038/442110a
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2439:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2396:
2395:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2316:
2300:God to the gaps
2276:
2266:are critics of
2264:Francis Collins
2256:Alister McGrath
2244:Denis Alexander
2224:
2218:
2210:Richard Dawkins
2190:Lawrence Krauss
2175:
2127:
2121:
2116:
2088:
2082:
2066:Nidhal Guessoum
1901:human evolution
1891:micro-evolution
1887:macro-evolution
1883:common ancestry
1868:
1863:
1857:
1820:, or indeed to
1769:
1731:
1725:
1601:
1598:
1527:
1521:
1478:Robert Chambers
1360:
1353:
1341:
1335:
1317:Systema Naturae
1287:
1281:
1263:Francis Collins
1215:Denis Lamoureux
1199:
1145:Henry M. Morris
1130:common ancestry
1115:human evolution
1036:Francis Collins
1033:
965:is a view that
953:(also known as
944:
911:
836:Religious views
831:
801:
759:
743:Book of Genesis
724:Neo-creationism
720:
640:
599:
586:
585:
578:
577:
528:
520:
519:
390:
382:
381:
380:
308:
300:
299:
298:
247:Human evolution
237:History of life
221:
220:Natural history
213:
212:
211:
111:
103:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6601:
6599:
6591:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6560:
6559:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6549:
6544:
6538:
6536:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6466:François Jacob
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6446:Charles Darwin
6443:
6438:
6432:
6430:
6426:
6425:
6423:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6390:Sahotra Sarkar
6387:
6382:
6380:Alex Rosenberg
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6345:Philip Kitcher
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6315:Marjorie Grene
6312:
6307:
6302:
6300:Daniel Dennett
6297:
6295:Lindley Darden
6292:
6286:
6284:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6205:
6199:
6197:
6191:
6190:
6183:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6173:
6172:
6171:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6150:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6128:
6126:
6122:
6121:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6106:
6099:
6091:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6068:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5997:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5960:
5958:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5950:
5945:
5944:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5932:
5931:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5891:
5885:
5883:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5819:Charles Darwin
5816:
5815:
5814:
5802:
5797:
5791:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5757:Non-ecological
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5718:
5716:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5697:
5688:
5674:
5672:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5547:
5546:
5541:
5530:
5528:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5515:
5510:
5508:nervous system
5505:
5500:
5495:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5434:
5432:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5328:
5318:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5274:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5257:
5251:
5249:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5207:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5054:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5008:Origin of life
5005:
5000:
4995:
4993:Microevolution
4990:
4988:Macroevolution
4985:
4980:
4975:
4974:
4973:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4926:Common descent
4923:
4922:
4921:
4911:
4906:
4904:Baldwin effect
4901:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4868:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4783:
4777:
4772:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4750:(August 2016).
4737:
4731:
4726:
4720:
4714:
4708:
4702:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4668:
4667:External links
4665:
4664:
4663:
4638:
4628:
4617:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4578:978-1621474623
4559:
4543:
4527:
4511:
4495:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4435:
4429:
4411:
4405:
4387:
4381:
4363:
4357:
4339:
4311:
4302:
4292:
4286:
4266:
4260:
4244:
4238:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4209:978-0890514832
4192:
4172:
4169:978-0890515099
4149:
4142:
4122:
4096:
4079:
4051:
4031:
4014:
3989:
3940:
3916:
3905:The Muslim 500
3892:
3889:. p. 127.
3877:
3859:
3839:
3824:
3803:
3782:
3758:
3741:
3713:
3703:
3691:
3679:
3665:Including the
3658:
3623:Thomas Aquinas
3614:
3579:
3536:
3518:
3499:
3483:
3464:
3452:
3438:
3426:
3409:
3393:
3360:
3348:
3336:
3324:
3312:
3293:(2): 181–182.
3273:
3261:
3249:
3237:
3215:
3187:
3169:
3160:
3136:
3123:
3110:
3092:
3069:
3057:
3039:
3019:
2960:
2947:
2934:
2904:
2873:
2859:
2839:
2797:
2785:
2756:
2731:
2724:
2706:
2681:
2656:
2630:
2623:
2605:
2587:
2575:
2568:
2542:
2526:
2478:
2449:
2433:
2421:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2275:
2272:
2217:
2214:
2174:
2171:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2081:
2078:
2074:Caner Taslaman
1941:
1940:
1934:
1931:origin of life
1904:
1894:
1867:
1864:
1859:Main article:
1856:
1853:
1810:origin of life
1784:Thomas Aquinas
1768:
1765:
1727:Main article:
1724:
1721:
1719:of the Bible.
1695:Joseph LeConte
1647:Duke of Argyll
1627:David Brewster
1596:
1569:Anglo-Catholic
1539:in 1859, many
1531:Charles Darwin
1520:
1515:
1411:Georges Cuvier
1373:Thomas Hawkins
1351:
1333:
1304:, in his book
1280:
1277:
1244:Jacob Klapwijk
1234:Ronald Numbers
1198:
1195:
1182:, and others.
1149:John D. Morris
1080:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1059:
1052:
1032:
1029:
1015:origin of life
971:laws of nature
946:
945:
943:
942:
935:
928:
920:
917:
916:
913:
912:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
878:
877:
876:
868:
867:
863:
862:
861:
860:
855:
847:
846:
838:
837:
833:
832:
830:
829:
824:
819:
813:
810:
809:
803:
802:
800:
799:
794:
789:
784:
778:
775:
774:
768:
767:
766:
765:
758:
757:
756:
755:
753:as an allegory
750:
739:
736:
735:
729:
728:
727:
726:
719:
718:
717:
716:
711:
706:
695:
694:
693:
685:
684:
678:
677:
671:
670:
662:
661:
655:
654:
642:
641:
639:
638:
631:
624:
616:
613:
612:
611:
610:
597:
580:
579:
576:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
548:Social effects
545:
540:
535:
529:
526:
525:
522:
521:
518:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
391:
388:
387:
384:
383:
379:
378:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
331:
326:
321:
316:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
301:
297:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
274:Classification
271:
266:
261:
256:
255:
254:
244:
239:
234:
232:Common descent
229:
227:Origin of life
223:
222:
219:
218:
215:
214:
210:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:
102:
101:
96:
91:
85:
84:
79:
74:
69:
63:
60:
59:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6600:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6533:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6496:Jacques Monod
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6481:Konrad Lorenz
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6456:Jared Diamond
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6427:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6395:Elliott Sober
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6355:Helen Longino
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6283:
6279:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6234:
6233:Structuralism
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6213:Catastrophism
6211:
6210:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6203:Adaptationism
6201:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6192:
6187:
6177:
6174:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6148:
6147:Kin selection
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6112:
6107:
6105:
6100:
6098:
6093:
6092:
6089:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6067:
6059:
6058:
6055:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6021:Phylogenetics
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5955:
5949:
5946:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5924:Structuralism
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5899:Catastrophism
5897:
5896:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5880:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5858:Neo-Darwinism
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5827:
5826:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5817:
5813:
5812:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5784:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5772:Reinforcement
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5705:
5704:Catastrophism
5701:
5698:
5696:
5695:Macromutation
5692:
5691:Micromutation
5689:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5598:Immune system
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5522:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5458:symbiogenesis
5456:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5426:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5243:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5202:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5126:Kin selection
5124:
5122:
5121:Genetic drift
5119:
5117:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5071:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4817:
4812:
4810:
4805:
4803:
4798:
4797:
4794:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4760:Organizations
4759:
4754:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4650:0-8264-1868-6
4647:
4643:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4603:1-932792-39-2
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4558:
4557:0-8028-0512-4
4554:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4541:0-06-093049-7
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4525:0-8308-2742-0
4522:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4509:0-452-29534-3
4506:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4493:0-7432-8639-1
4490:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4470:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4382:9780520083936
4378:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4328:0-8028-0763-1
4325:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4283:
4278:
4277:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4239:9780801883897
4235:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4153:
4150:
4145:
4143:9780582446946
4139:
4135:
4134:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4097:
4092:
4091:
4083:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4004:
4000:
3993:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3960:(7548): 409.
3959:
3955:
3951:
3944:
3941:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3893:
3888:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3863:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3843:
3840:
3835:
3828:
3825:
3820:
3814:
3806:
3804:9780367364137
3800:
3796:
3789:
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3742:9780802863591
3738:
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3449:
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3419:
3418:Charles Lyell
3413:
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3406:
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3258:
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3201:
3194:
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3146:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3093:9781606084908
3089:
3085:
3081:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2915:
2908:
2905:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2882:Eugenie Scott
2877:
2874:
2862:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2786:
2780:
2775:, p. 135
2774:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2727:
2725:9786053112082
2721:
2717:
2710:
2707:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2571:
2569:9781416542742
2565:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2445:Eugenie Scott
2442:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2422:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2298:will confine
2297:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2194:Occam's razor
2191:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1945:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1920:taxonomically
1916:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1865:
1862:
1855:Islamic views
1854:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1735:Eugenie Scott
1733:According to
1730:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1708:Charles Lyell
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1622:John Herschel
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1595:
1593:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1502:Hewett Watson
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1468:Louis Agassiz
1465:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1439:John Herschel
1436:
1432:
1431:Charles Lyell
1428:
1427:catastrophism
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1405:Gregor Mendel
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1357:
1350:
1345:
1338:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1321:hybridization
1318:
1314:
1313:Carl Linnaeus
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:Nonconformist
1290:
1286:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1203:Eugenie Scott
1196:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:Eugenie Scott
1085:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
989:doctrines of
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
941:
936:
934:
929:
927:
922:
921:
919:
918:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
879:
875:
872:
871:
870:
869:
864:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
849:
848:
843:
840:
839:
834:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
812:
811:
808:
804:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
787:Flood geology
785:
783:
780:
779:
777:
776:
773:
769:
764:
761:
760:
754:
751:
749:
746:
745:
744:
741:
740:
738:
737:
734:
730:
725:
722:
721:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
700:
697:
696:
692:
689:
688:
687:
686:
683:
679:
676:
673:
672:
668:
664:
663:
660:
656:
652:
648:
647:
637:
632:
630:
625:
623:
618:
617:
615:
614:
608:
598:
595:
590:
584:
583:
582:
581:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
524:
523:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
480:Phylogenetics
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
386:
385:
376:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
336:
332:
330:
327:
325:
324:Before Darwin
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
304:
303:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
253:
250:
249:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
217:
216:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
152:Genetic drift
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
114:
107:
106:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
64:
62:
61:
57:
53:
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
6521:E. O. Wilson
6511:Rolf Sattler
6400:Kim Sterelny
6385:Michael Ruse
6272:Tree of life
6244:
6223:Orthogenesis
6159:Reductionism
6033:Polymorphism
6016:Astrobiology
5964:Biogeography
5935:
5919:Saltationism
5909:Orthogenesis
5894:Alternatives
5823:
5809:
5742:Cospeciation
5737:Cladogenesis
5686:Saltationism
5643:Mating types
5566:Color vision
5551:Avian flight
5473:mitochondria
5211:Canalisation
5089:Biodiversity
4834:Introduction
4661:Google books
4641:
4631:
4624:
4615:Google books
4594:
4590:
4562:
4549:
4533:
4517:
4514:Falk, Darrel
4501:
4498:Michael Dowd
4485:
4446:
4442:
4419:
4415:Rahner, Karl
4395:
4371:
4347:
4317:
4306:
4295:
4275:
4251:
4228:
4200:
4195:
4183:
4175:
4160:
4152:
4132:
4125:
4107:
4099:
4089:
4082:
4068:. Appleton.
4064:
4054:
4017:
4006:. Retrieved
4002:
3992:
3957:
3953:
3943:
3932:. Retrieved
3928:
3919:
3908:. Retrieved
3904:
3895:
3886:
3880:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3842:
3833:
3827:
3794:
3774:. Retrieved
3771:www.zu.ac.ae
3770:
3761:
3752:
3746:. Retrieved
3731:
3727:Bowden, John
3716:
3706:
3694:
3682:
3671:Scott (1997)
3661:
3653:
3630:
3626:
3617:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3530:
3521:
3512:
3502:
3491:
3486:
3477:
3467:
3455:
3445:
3441:
3429:
3412:
3404:
3396:
3387:
3380:. Retrieved
3374:
3363:
3351:
3339:
3327:
3315:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3264:
3252:
3240:
3231:
3218:
3207:. Retrieved
3181:
3172:
3163:
3152:. Retrieved
3148:
3139:
3131:
3126:
3118:
3113:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3083:
3072:
3060:
3051:
3042:
3030:
3022:
3013:
3006:the original
2988:(1): 57–77.
2985:
2979:
2963:
2958:, p. 36
2956:Numbers 1993
2950:
2943:Scott (1997)
2937:
2928:
2921:. Retrieved
2907:
2895:. Retrieved
2889:
2876:
2864:. Retrieved
2849:
2842:
2817:
2813:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2748:. Retrieved
2743:
2734:
2715:
2709:
2698:. Retrieved
2696:(in Turkish)
2693:
2684:
2673:. Retrieved
2671:(in Turkish)
2668:
2659:
2647:. Retrieved
2644:The Guardian
2643:
2633:
2614:
2608:
2600:the original
2590:
2578:
2553:
2545:
2534:
2529:
2494:
2490:
2481:
2469:. Retrieved
2465:
2452:
2440:
2436:
2429:Numbers 2006
2424:
2412:. Retrieved
2401:
2353:Orthogenesis
2277:
2236:George Coyne
2225:
2205:
2197:
2188:. Physicist
2183:supernatural
2179:non-theistic
2176:
2158:
2151:orthogenesis
2146:
2134:
2128:
2089:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:H. eragaster
1987:
1983:H. eragaster
1981:
1977:
1973:Homo habilis
1971:
1965:
1950:
1936:
1925:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1896:
1878:
1869:
1842:
1818:Adam and Eve
1803:
1772:Hominization
1770:
1767:Hominization
1750:
1732:
1711:
1703:
1681:
1678:
1667:
1657:without any
1650:
1639:
1617:
1613:
1610:Richard Owen
1603:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1572:Aubrey Moore
1534:
1528:
1517:
1506:Baden Powell
1496:
1489:Richard Owen
1486:
1481:
1471:
1446:
1409:
1390:
1386:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1325:
1316:
1310:
1305:
1291:
1288:
1266:
1265:, published
1252:
1242:
1231:
1220:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1184:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1154:Orthogenesis
1152:
1142:
1137:
1123:
1108:
1081:
1034:
1019:
962:
958:
954:
950:
949:
873:
845:Non-creation
782:Created kind
557:
500:Sociobiology
485:Paleontology
333:
269:Biogeography
264:Biodiversity
182:Coextinction
172:Co-operation
147:Polymorphism
72:Introduction
6501:Denis Noble
6375:Susan Oyama
6290:John Beatty
6228:Mutationism
6043:Systematics
5914:Mutationism
5732:Catagenesis
5660:Snake venom
5593:Eusociality
5571:in primates
5561:Cooperation
5489:In animals
5309:butterflies
5282:Cephalopods
5272:Brachiopods
5204:Development
5178:Mate choice
4931:Convergence
4914:Coevolution
4872:Abiogenesis
4744:Smithsonian
4449:: 263–289.
4046:, pp.
4044:Larson 2004
3954:Nature News
3847:Malik 2021a
3687:Rahner 1975
3460:Bowler 2003
3434:Bowler 2003
3356:Bowler 2003
3332:Bowler 2003
3320:Bowler 1992
3269:Larson 2004
3257:Bowler 2003
3245:Bowler 2003
2773:Malik 2021a
2304:incarnation
2288:Fall of Man
2252:Darrel Falk
2232:John Haught
2104:Afghanistan
2070:Israr Ahmed
2062:Rana Dajani
2054:Yasir Qadhi
2016:taxonomical
1691:sea squirts
1674:atheistical
1461:materialist
1443:Lorenz Oken
1381:John Martin
1377:plesiosaurs
1191:omega point
1162:nomogenesis
1092:theological
987:creationist
714:progressive
691:Young Earth
659:Creationism
510:Systematics
319:Renaissance
197:Convergence
187:Contingency
177:Coevolution
6562:Categories
6526:Jonas Salk
6491:Ernst Mayr
6429:Biologists
6350:Tim Lewens
6340:Hans Jonas
6335:David Hull
6310:Carla Fehr
6305:John Dupré
6218:Lamarckism
6154:Naturalism
5904:Lamarckism
5882:Philosophy
5805:David Hume
5767:Peripatric
5762:Parapatric
5747:Ecological
5727:Anagenesis
5722:Allopatric
5714:Speciation
5678:Gradualism
5603:Metabolism
5463:chromosome
5453:Eukaryotes
5231:Modularity
5148:Population
5074:Population
5035:Speciation
5013:Panspermia
4966:Extinction
4961:Exaptation
4936:Divergence
4909:Cladistics
4897:Reciprocal
4877:Adaptation
4570:1621474623
4314:Kung, Hans
4093:. Strahan.
4008:2017-11-16
3934:2024-04-23
3910:2024-04-23
3776:2024-04-23
3748:2015-06-15
3723:Küng, Hans
3595:(3): 325.
3447:Good Words
3382:9 December
3209:2015-08-11
3154:2019-12-10
2750:2021-05-06
2700:2021-05-06
2675:2021-05-06
2649:25 January
2414:26 January
2380:References
2296:naturalism
2281:including
2220:See also:
2123:See also:
2106:(26%) and
2098:(79%) and
2096:Kazakhstan
2084:See also:
2080:Acceptance
2020:hybridized
2012:human-like
2008:human-like
2003:H. sapiens
1978:H. habilis
1926:human-like
1924:humans or
1830:archeology
1742:seminaries
1723:Acceptance
1687:Quadrumana
1649:published
1606:purposeful
1557:Calvinists
1533:published
1523:See also:
1464:radicalism
1453:archetypes
1423:adaptation
1415:extinction
1379:. Artist:
1375:' book on
1255:geneticist
1223:speciation
1205:states in
1138:human-like
1031:Definition
284:Cladistics
207:Extinction
192:Divergence
162:Speciation
142:Adaptation
56:John Gould
6267:Teleology
6257:Darwinism
6195:Evolution
6169:Emergence
6142:Dysgenics
6038:Protocell
5889:Darwinism
5777:Sympatric
5526:processes
5414:Tetrapods
5363:Kangaroos
5289:Dinosaurs
5226:Inversion
5195:Variation
5116:Gene flow
5109:Inclusive
4919:Mutualism
4864:Evolution
4548:; (2003)
4532:; (1999)
4516:; (2004)
4484:; (2006)
4369:(1993) .
4188:Dave Hunt
4060:Gray, Asa
3813:cite book
3720:Compare:
3711:Brundell.
3609:170207377
3574:152990938
3367:Compare:
3307:202574857
3076:Compare:
2954:Compare:
2941:see also
2820:: 28–48.
2466:Sapientia
2458:Jim Stump
2292:atheistic
2248:Ard Louis
2139:mutations
2092:atheistic
1759:and many
1668:Cardinal
1565:salvation
1354:From his
1062:Evolution
979:evolution
975:secondary
866:Evolution
699:Old Earth
543:Dysgenics
259:Phylogeny
157:Gene flow
127:Diversity
122:Variation
6250:Vitalism
6245:Theistic
6238:Spandrel
6137:Eugenics
6066:Category
5941:Vitalism
5936:Theistic
5929:Spandrel
5613:Morality
5608:Monogamy
5483:plastids
5448:Flagella
5404:Reptiles
5385:sea cows
5368:primates
5277:Molluscs
5255:Bacteria
5143:Mutation
5076:genetics
5052:Taxonomy
4998:Mismatch
4978:Homology
4892:Cheating
4887:Altruism
4775:BioLogos
4417:(1975).
4345:(2004).
4272:(2003).
4250:(1992).
4120:p.146 f.
4062:(1876).
3984:25903591
3729:(2008).
3646:Archived
3566:16902112
3372:(1859).
3052:BioLogos
3002:24710031
2971:(2012).
2923:25 April
2866:2 August
2834:17953449
2521:16837980
2408:Archived
2314:See also
2306:through
2131:Asa Gray
2043:tawaqquf
2039:tawaqquf
2035:tawaqquf
2031:tawaqquf
1957:miracles
1955:through
1922:accurate
1814:hominids
1788:immortal
1757:atheists
1710:'s 1863
1597:—
1576:Asa Gray
1493:homology
1482:Vestiges
1352:—
1334:—
1302:John Ray
1298:Anglican
1273:BioLogos
1022:conflict
1007:Big Bang
887:Catholic
882:Buddhist
651:a series
649:Part of
607:Category
533:Eugenics
375:timeline
356:Evo-devo
314:Overview
132:Mutation
94:Evidence
89:Glossary
6535:Related
5957:Related
5787:History
5648:Meiosis
5583:Empathy
5578:Emotion
5478:nucleus
5419:Viruses
5409:Spiders
5321:Mammals
5304:Insects
5104:Fitness
5040:Species
4839:Outline
4768:at the
4500:(2009)
4463:2952523
4217:Sources
4106:(2012)
4048:125–128
3962:Bibcode
3546:Science
3134:, p. 16
3098:In his
2499:Bibcode
2283:Ken Ham
2198:natural
2186:creator
2100:Lebanon
2076:, etc.
1655:plumage
1592:Creator
1369:geology
1126:Muslims
1109:In the
1078:nature.
897:Islamic
817:History
704:day-age
675:History
99:History
82:Outline
6164:Holism
6132:Ethics
6125:Themes
6076:Portal
5752:Hybrid
5588:Ethics
5430:organs
5392:Plants
5378:lemurs
5373:humans
5358:horses
5348:hyenas
5336:wolves
5331:canids
5265:origin
4656:
4648:
4609:
4601:
4576:
4568:
4555:
4539:
4523:
4507:
4491:
4461:
4427:
4403:
4379:
4355:
4334:
4326:
4307:Darwin
4284:
4258:
4236:
4207:
4167:
4140:
4116:
3982:
3801:
3739:
3643:"Soul"
3641:. See
3607:
3572:
3564:
3305:
3090:
3000:
2857:
2832:
2722:
2621:
2566:
2519:
2491:Nature
2471:5 July
2308:Christ
2262:, and
1808:, the
1746:Turkey
1643:Mivart
1583:Origin
1567:. The
1383:, 1840
1358:(1742)
1339:(1774)
1104:humans
1013:, the
1009:, the
1005:, the
1001:, the
907:Mormon
902:Jewish
605:
329:Darwin
5539:Death
5534:Aging
5513:brain
5299:Fungi
5260:Birds
5173:Fungi
4971:Event
4854:Index
4636:JSTOR
4593:, in
4459:JSTOR
4300:JSTOR
4026:(PDF)
3627:anima
3605:S2CID
3570:S2CID
3494:, p.
3303:S2CID
3228:(PDF)
3203:(PDF)
3010:JSTOR
2998:JSTOR
2976:(PDF)
2917:(PDF)
2897:3 May
2830:S2CID
2810:(PDF)
2539:JSTOR
2206:super
1953:Allah
1791:souls
1776:human
1529:When
1124:Some
1096:deism
892:Hindu
682:Types
67:Index
6026:Tree
5498:hair
5438:Cell
5341:dogs
5326:cats
5316:Life
5294:Fish
5247:taxa
4654:ISBN
4646:ISBN
4607:ISBN
4599:ISBN
4574:ISBN
4566:ISBN
4553:ISBN
4537:ISBN
4521:ISBN
4505:ISBN
4489:ISBN
4425:ISBN
4401:ISBN
4377:ISBN
4353:ISBN
4332:ISBN
4324:ISBN
4282:ISBN
4256:ISBN
4234:ISBN
4205:ISBN
4165:ISBN
4138:ISBN
4114:ISBN
3980:PMID
3853:help
3819:link
3799:ISBN
3737:ISBN
3562:PMID
3384:2018
3088:ISBN
2925:2012
2899:2019
2891:NCSE
2868:2022
2855:ISBN
2779:help
2720:ISBN
2651:2013
2619:ISBN
2564:ISBN
2517:PMID
2473:2019
2416:2024
2108:Iraq
2033:; a
2024:FUCA
1962:FUCA
1847:and
1828:and
1799:soul
1706:and
1246:and
1147:and
1134:Adam
1064:and
1054:The
1043:The
77:Main
5524:Of
5493:eye
5443:DNA
5428:Of
5245:Of
4675:by
4451:doi
4338:. ]
4186:by
4070:doi
3970:doi
3958:520
3597:doi
3554:doi
3550:313
3496:389
3295:doi
2990:doi
2822:doi
2694:T24
2560:200
2507:doi
2495:442
2000:to
1990:to
1980:to
1970:to
1459:as
967:God
957:or
709:gap
54:by
6564::
4746:,
4742:–
4652:,
4623:,
4613:.
4605:,
4572:;
4457:.
4447:26
4445:.
4330:,
4316:,
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2310:.
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2270:.
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2246:,
2242:,
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2072:,
2068:,
2064:,
2056:,
1996:,
1986:,
1976:,
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1763:.
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1261:,
1174:,
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