27:
178:
increasing opportunities for geographic isolation. Radiations may be discordant, with either diversity or disparity increasing almost independently of the other, or concordant, where both increase at a similar rate. Where the mechanism of diversification is ambiguous and the species seem to be closely related, sometimes the terms "species radiation," "species flock" or "
177:
arguably encompass every type of evolutionary radiation that is not an adaptive radiation, although when a more precise mechanism is known to drive diversity, it can be useful to refer to the pattern as, e.g., a geographic radiation. Geographic radiations involve an increase in speciation caused by
172:
Adaptive radiations involve an increase in a clade's speciation rate coupled with divergence of morphological features that are directly related to ecological habits; these radiations involve speciation not driven by geographic factors and occurring in sympatry; they also may be associated with the
625:
Bowen, Brian W.; Forsman, Zac H.; Whitney, Jonathan L.; Faucci, Anuschka; Hoban, Mykle; Canfield, Sean J.; Johnston, Erika C.; Coleman, Richard R.; Copus, Joshua M.; Vicente, Jan; Toonen, Robert J. (2020-02-05).
245:
of brachiopods independently assumed a similar morphology, and presumably mode of life, to species that had lived millions of years before. This phenomenon, known as homeomorphy, is explained by
138:
249:: when subjected to similar selective pressures, organisms will often evolve similar adaptations. Further examples of rapid evolutionary radiation can be observed among
285:
they have evolved into a very wide variety of forms, including species that are filter feeders, snail eaters, brood parasites, algal grazers, and fish-eaters.
808:
134:
102:, about 66 million years ago. At that time, the placental mammals were mostly small, insect-eating animals similar in size and shape to modern
74:
or many, and be rapid or gradual; where they are rapid, and driven by a single lineage's adaptation to their environment, they are termed
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simply because these tend to be much more numerous and easy to collect in quantity than large land
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43:
20:
580:"Adaptive radiation, nonadaptive radiation, ecological speciation and nonecological speciation"
473:"Adaptive radiations in the context of macroevolutionary theory: a paleontological perspective"
389:
Wesley-Hunt, G. D. (2005). "The morphological diversification of carnivores in North
America".
153:, and the diversification of insects, a radiation that has continued almost unabated since the
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which, during the
Cambrian, rapidly evolved into a variety of forms occupying many of the
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59:
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A number of groups have undergone evolutionary radiation in relatively recent times. The
253:, which suffered a series of extinctions from which they repeatedly re-diversified; and
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63:
26:
802:
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564:
410:
509:
195:
761:
The
Cichlid Fishes: Nature's Grand Experiment in Evolution by George Barlow (2002)
351:
Simões, M.; et al. (2016). "The evolving theory of evolutionary radiations".
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disparity. A significantly large and diverse radiation within a relatively short
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31:
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217:, for example, underwent major bursts of evolutionary radiation in the Early
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Perhaps the most familiar example of an evolutionary radiation is that of
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110:(58–37 million years ago), they had evolved into such diverse forms as
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206:
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107:
525:"The Ecology of Nonecological Speciation and Nonadaptive Radiations"
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This topic is covered in a very accessible manner in
Chapter 11 of
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290:
119:
115:
103:
71:
25:
775:
Todd
Jackman. Villanova University. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
111:
523:
Czekanski-Moir, Jesse E.; Rundell, Rebecca J. (2019-05-01).
403:
10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031<0035:TMDOCI>2.0.CO;2
16:
Increase in taxonomic diversity or morphological disparity
772:
Parallel
Adaptive Radiations - Caribbean Anoline Lizards.
700:
Aquagenesis, The
Origins and Evolution of Life in the Sea
289:
are another well-known example of an adaptive radiation.
50:, that may or may not be associated with an increase in
194:
studying evolutionary radiations has been using marine
139:
Carboniferous-Earliest
Permian Biodiversification Event
578:
Rundell, Rebecca J.; Price, Trevor D. (2009-07-01).
346:
344:
342:
457:The radiation only suffered one hiccup, when the
384:
382:
628:"Species Radiations in the Sea: What the Flock?"
293:have been a success, evolving in parallel with
46:diversity that is caused by elevated rates of
8:
145:, the radiation of land plants after their
643:
499:
135:Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event
277:in particular have been much studied by
338:
125:Other familiar radiations include the
712:Monks, Neale; Palmer, Philip (2002).
7:
225:, to a lesser degree throughout the
30:Evolutionary radiations during the
785:Palaeos Cenozoic: The Cenozoic Era
739:Trilobite! Eyewitness to Evolution
241:. During these periods, different
14:
584:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
529:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
426:The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation
353:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
809:Evolutionary biology terminology
190:Much of the work carried out by
459:Permo-Triassic extinction event
445:Life: An Unauthorised Biography
1:
677:Living and Fossil Brachiopods
66:) is often referred to as an
233:, and then again during the
173:acquisition of a key trait.
70:. Radiations may affect one
143:Mesozoic–Cenozoic Radiation
825:
675:Rudwick, M. J. S. (1970).
596:10.1016/j.tree.2009.02.007
541:10.1016/j.tree.2019.01.012
428:. Oxford University Press.
365:10.1016/j.tree.2015.10.007
18:
492:10.1007/s11692-012-9165-8
287:Caribbean anoline lizards
737:Fortey, Richard (2000).
471:Lieberman, B.S. (2012).
151:radiation of angiosperms
19:Not to be confused with
702:by Richard Ellis (2001)
461:wiped out many species.
162: million years ago
175:Nonadaptive radiations
90:immediately after the
40:evolutionary radiation
35:
716:. Smithsonian Books.
645:10.1093/jhered/esz075
424:Schluter, D. (2000).
328:Nonadaptive radiation
29:
480:Evolutionary Biology
281:. In places such as
247:convergent evolution
186:In the fossil record
147:colonisation of land
632:Journal of Heredity
76:adaptive radiations
56:geologic time scale
790:2008-11-06 at the
323:Adaptive radiation
318:Evolutionary fauna
131:Cambrian Explosion
98:at the end of the
42:is an increase in
36:
21:Adaptive radiation
741:. HarperCollins.
149:, the Cretaceous
94:of the non-avian
88:placental mammals
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269:Recent examples
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679:. Hutchinson.
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590:(7): 394–399.
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535:(5): 400–415.
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486:(2): 181–191.
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237:and earliest
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638:(1): 70–83.
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391:Paleobiology
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359:(1): 27–34.
356:
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272:
196:invertebrate
189:
182:" are used.
171:
124:
85:
67:
39:
37:
283:Lake Malawi
263:crustaceans
215:Brachiopods
203:vertebrates
32:Phanerozoic
501:1808/13649
334:References
298:herbivores
279:biologists
255:trilobites
223:Ordovician
100:Cretaceous
92:extinction
48:speciation
714:Ammonites
654:0022-1503
604:0169-5347
549:0169-5347
397:: 35–55.
251:ammonites
211:dinosaurs
106:. By the
96:dinosaurs
68:explosion
44:taxonomic
803:Category
788:Archived
662:31943081
612:19409647
565:73494468
557:30824193
411:10989917
373:26632984
312:See also
306:antelope
300:such as
275:cichlids
231:Devonian
227:Silurian
221:, Early
219:Cambrian
205:such as
155:Devonian
82:Examples
58:(e.g. a
510:4004118
295:grazing
291:Grasses
265:today.
243:species
239:Permian
207:mammals
199:fossils
745:
720:
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610:
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448:(1997)
409:
371:
302:horses
259:niches
141:, the
137:, the
133:, the
129:, the
120:horses
118:, and
116:whales
108:Eocene
104:shrews
60:period
561:S2CID
506:S2CID
476:(PDF)
407:S2CID
168:Types
72:clade
64:epoch
743:ISBN
718:ISBN
681:ISBN
658:PMID
650:ISSN
608:PMID
600:ISSN
553:PMID
545:ISSN
369:PMID
304:and
229:and
112:bats
640:doi
636:111
592:doi
537:doi
496:hdl
488:doi
442:'s
399:doi
361:doi
209:or
160:400
62:or
38:An
805::
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588:24
586:.
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533:34
531:.
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484:39
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405:.
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381:^
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357:31
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341:^
308:.
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157:,
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114:,
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34:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
