139:(where the qualifications meet the regulator's requirements). The Wales-based WJEC offers qualifications in Wales (mostly under its WJEC brand), England (nearly always under its Eduqas brand) and Northern Ireland (under either brand). CCEA, despite previously offering qualifications in England and Wales, now only operates in Northern Ireland. Most exam boards offer a range of qualifications, though not all boards offer every qualification in every subject.
373:(CSE) was introduced. It was aimed at the 80% of 16-year-old students who did not take O Levels and, until then, had left school with no qualifications. CSEs were administered on a local basis, with local boards offering the qualifications. The local boards in England were new organisations, while in Wales and Northern Ireland (where universities did not control the existing boards) the existing boards were used. The CSE boards were:
164:, it was natural that they created the first exam boards. Indeed, the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge each had their own exam board and a joint board they ran together. The qualifications offered were generally of the boards' own creation. Schools and colleges (with some exceptions, detailed below) were free to pick which board they wanted to use, though most went for a local board.
538:. In 1994, the Oxford Schools Examinations Board sold its GCSE functions to the Associated Examining Board (OSEB's A Level functions went to UCLES). NEAB, the AEB and the vocational City & Guilds formed the Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) in 1997, with the AEB and NEAB formally merging into AQA in 2000 (City & Guilds chose to remain independent, but sold its
467:(GCSE) in 1986. As O Levels and CSEs had used different exam boards (except in Wales and Northern Ireland), new 'examining groups' were created. In England, the four examining groups were consortia of regional GCE and CSE exam boards, while in Wales and Northern Ireland they were the existing boards, making six boards in total:
142:
Schools and colleges have a completely free choice between the boards, depending on the qualification offered. Most schools use a mixture of boards for their GCSE qualifications, with a similar mixture existing at A Level. In addition, a school using one board for a particular GCSE subject is free to
502:
As CSEs were no longer offered, the CSE boards effectively ceased to operate as independent boards and instead became part of their larger examining groups (some were even taken over by larger members of their groups, such as the
Southern Regional Examinations Board, which was acquired by the Oxford
138:
Though the exam boards have regional roots (see below), they now operate across larger areas. The three boards based in
England – AQA, OCR and Edexcel – offer all their qualifications across England with a smaller number in Wales (where no 'homegrown' qualification is available) and Northern Ireland
66:
Until the mid-1990s, academic exam boards and vocational accreditors were run very much as separate organisations. In more recent times, this distinction has been removed, with all the term 'awarding bodies' now being used. This article focuses on the contemporary and historical awarding bodies that
550:
The
University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES) took over the Southern Universities' Joint Board in 1990 and the Midland Examining Group (MEG) in 1993. When the Oxford Schools Examinations Board was abolished in 1995, its A Level functions were transferred to UCLES (its GCSE
525:
It was not long before the GCE (A Level) boards and GCSE examining groups began to formally merge or enter into even closer working relationships. This made sense, as it allowed merged boards to offer both GCSE and A Level qualifications and the boards were working together to offer the GCSE
570:
Cambridge
Assessment also controls CIE, a predominately international exam board. CIE started offering some qualifications to English, Welsh and Northern Irish state schools in 2008, though it later withdrew from this market when the reformed GCSEs and A Levels (examined 2017 onwards) were
579:
The
University of London School Examinations Board merged with the London and East Anglian Group to form the University of London Examinations & Assessment Council (known as London Examinations or ULEAC) in 1991. In 1996, London Examinations merged with the vocational
303:
In 1930, the
University of London Extension Board renamed itself the University of London Matriculation and School Examinations Council before becoming University of London University Entrance and School Examinations Council and School Examinations Department in 1951.
596:
The
Northern Ireland Schools Examination Council became the Northern Ireland School Examinations and Assessment Council before being replaced by the Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment (CCEA) in 1994. It is a non-departmental public body.
526:
qualifications anyway. Many boards also took the opportunity to merge with vocational exam boards, as vocational qualifications became more common in schools. The government encouraged this, as they wanted to simplify the system by having fewer exam boards.
604:, was founded in 1989. It specialises in a small number of business and ICT courses. It began offering GCSEs in 1997, in partnership with CCEA. In 2009, it began offering exams independently of CCEA. It stopped offering such exams a few years later.
480:(MEG, formed by the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate, the Southern Universities' Joint Board, the Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examination Board, East Midland Regional Examinations Board and the West Midlands Examinations Board)
486:(NEA, formed by the Joint Matriculation Board, the Associated Lancashire Schools Examining Board, the North Regional Examinations Board, the North West Regional Examinations Board and the Yorkshire and Humberside Regional Examinations Board)
664:(Joint Council for Qualifications) is a common voice for UK exam boards. The JCQ is made up of AQA, CCEA, City & Guilds, Edexcel, OCR, SQA and WJEC. Among its roles, it devises standard rules for exams and publishes statistics.
507:; and the South-East Regional Examinations Board and South Western Examinations Board, which merged with the AEB in 1987. The GCE boards, however, retained a degree of autonomy, as they still offered A Levels independently.
555:(OCEAC). This left UCLES offering A Levels under the OCSEB name, GCSEs under the MEG name and some vocational qualifications under the UODLE name. This situation continued until 1998, when UCLES took over the vocational
495:(SEG, formed by the Associated Examining Board, the University of Oxford Delegacy of Local Examinations, the South-East Regional Examinations Board, South Western Examinations Board and Southern Regional Exams Board)
94:
England, Wales and
Northern Ireland have several exam boards; schools and colleges can choose freely between them on a subject-by-subject basis. Currently, there are five exam boards available to state schools:
1430:
559:. Following the merger, it chose to use the name Oxford, Cambridge and RSA Examinations (OCR) for all its UK qualifications. OCR is now the only major exam board owned by a university and is still run by the
612:
Unlike the other boards, WJEC did not experience any major organisational changes and is still owned by the Welsh local authorities, though it operates independently. In 2014, WJEC launched a new brand,
1607:
551:
functions went to AEB/SEG). In the same year, UCLES also took over the Oxford and
Cambridge Schools Examination Board (OCSEB). UCLES then merged all its A Level boards together to form the
1463:
105:
1065:
361:
The
University of London University Entrance and School Examinations Council and School Examinations Department was renamed the University of London School Examinations Board in 1984.
1423:
841:
1344:
190:
175:, the Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, later the Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (Royal Society of Arts)
657:
The UK's examination boards sometimes work together. For example, they sometimes offer qualifications jointly or share training materials for common parts of specifications.
642:
584:
to form the Edexcel Foundation (the legal entity called London Qualifications). Though it originally ran as an educational charity like AQA, the Foundation was taken over by
805:
1602:
1416:
581:
330:(O Level, taken at 16) and Advanced Level (A Level, taken at 18). These qualifications replaced the School Certificate and the Higher School Certificate respectively.
314:(WJEC) was founded by the Welsh local authorities in 1948. It took over many of the Central Welsh Board's responsibilities, including running Wales's exam system.
510:
Though the boards were regional, schools were entirely free to pick which board they did their GCSE qualifications with and could mix and match between subjects.
212:
277:
The Central Welsh Board differed from most exam boards, as it was not controlled by a university and only offered examinations to schools and colleges in Wales.
1519:
1375:
1245:
904:
464:
617:, for new Ofqual-accredited qualifications (mostly offered in England), while retaining the name WJEC for Welsh Government-regulated qualifications.
201:
352:
1473:
1458:
111:
99:
552:
646:
474:(formed by the University of London School Examinations Board, the London Regional Examination Board and the East Anglian Examinations Board)
1204:
848:
452:
307:
The University of Durham Matriculation and School Examination Board renamed itself the Durham University Examinations Board in the 1930s.
1351:
179:
266:
370:
1008:
1499:
626:
601:
517:, a qualification below GCSE level) was introduced, the GCSE examining groups were responsible for administering the qualification.
251:
377:
334:
921:
873:
661:
323:
1220:
300:, taken at 18. The existing exam boards started offering the new qualifications, normally in place of their own qualifications.
311:
556:
433:
387:
1550:
1140:
483:
392:
297:
415:
410:
441:
397:
236:
67:
set academic exams in state schools. In everyday terminology, these organisations are still referred to as 'exam boards'.
425:
1612:
1081:
448:
405:
504:
420:
1284:
382:
745:
1560:
1535:
638:
341:
79:
1177:
816:
588:
in 2003 (and renamed simply Edexcel), making it the only British exam board to be run by a profit-making company.
1540:
1040:
980:
247:
223:
1565:
492:
471:
230:
1302:
1259:
278:
1545:
560:
514:
477:
293:
255:
194:
219:
292:
In 1918, the first national qualifications for England, Wales and Northern Ireland were introduced: the
270:
172:
1408:
564:
463:
To create a more egalitarian system, the O Levels and CSE (but not the A Level) were replaced by the
240:
205:
183:
259:
32:
772:
1202:
1478:
1369:
1239:
1136:
898:
451:. The West Yorkshire and Lindsey, and Yorkshire and Humberside Boards also merged to form the
156:
Exam boards have been around as long as there have been qualifications offered by schools. As
127:
52:
28:
355:
was founded in 1954 as a successor to the University of Bristol School Examinations Council.
345:
1208:
1015:
673:
161:
327:
60:
44:
928:
880:
284:
The University of Birmingham disbanded its own exam board and joined the JMB in 1916.
281:
in Wales had to use the Board, though other schools and colleges were free to choose.
36:
1596:
1224:
1131:
Day, John (2003). "The Associated Examining Board and the Southern Examining Group".
1156:
1110:
953:
697:
1324:"Shambles in S.E.Asia : ICAA International Curriculum & Assessment Agency"
1067:
The Associated Examining Board Report and Accounts for the Year Ended 31 March 1988
629:(Scottish Qualifications Authority), which offers all Scotland's qualifications.
1133:
Setting the Standard: A Century of Public Examining by AQA and Its Parent Boards
585:
117:
447:
In 1979, the neighbouring Metropolitan and Middlesex boards merged to form the
534:
All five members of the Northern Examining Association merged in 1992 to form
157:
56:
1085:
806:"A BRIEF HISTORY OF POLICIES, PRACTICES AND ISSUES RELATING TO COMPARABILITY"
70:
Broadly speaking, the UK has always had two separate school systems: one for
954:"Awarding organisation for A levels, GCSEs, BTECs and other qualifications"
1288:
749:
724:
83:
1468:
1181:
121:
71:
48:
1044:
984:
1482:
614:
215:(founded by the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge)
131:
86:. As a result, two separate sets of exam boards have been developed.
981:"The story of the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE)"
1263:
1390:"Get CAIE A and O level papers solved by Cambridge Paper Searcher"
1303:"Our history | Our history | Who we are | About Us"
358:
The Durham University Examinations Board ceased to exist in 1964.
75:
679:
Cambridge O level and A level Past Paper to Marks Scheme Searcher
1555:
1323:
539:
535:
40:
1412:
202:
University of Durham Matriculation and School Examination Board
645:(SCEEB), while vocational qualifications were awarded by the
143:
use a different board for the equivalent subject at A Level.
1157:"Education Jobs, Teaching Resources, Magazine & Forums"
1111:"Education Jobs, Teaching Resources, Magazine & Forums"
1389:
678:
353:
Southern Universities' Joint Board for School Examinations
542:
provision to AQA). AQA is run as an educational charity.
108:(Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment)
637:
Previously, academic qualifications were awarded by the
553:
Oxford and Cambridge Examinations and Assessment Council
333:
The existing exam boards offered the GCE, alongside the
922:"University Application Form : Notes for Guidance"
130:(Welsh Joint Education Committee), under its WJEC and
916:
914:
453:
Yorkshire and Humberside Regional Examinations Board
326:(GCE) was introduced. It was split into two stages:
191:
University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate
1608:
Qualification awarding bodies in the United Kingdom
1574:
1528:
1512:
1492:
1451:
1444:
1439:
British examination boards and assessment providers
643:
Scottish Certificate of Education Examination Board
503:Delegacy of Local Examinations in 1985 to form the
438:
West Yorkshire and Lindsey Regional Examining Board
180:
University of Oxford Delegacy of Local Examinations
160:had experience of offering qualifications, such as
740:
738:
267:University of Bristol School Examinations Council
288:School Certificate and Higher School Certificate
625:There is just one exam board in Scotland, the
213:Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examination Board
1424:
975:
973:
799:
513:When the Certificate of Achievement (now the
378:Associated Lancashire Schools Examining Board
8:
1105:
1103:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
489:Northern Ireland Schools Examination Council
402:Northern Ireland Schools Examination Council
335:Northern Ireland Schools Examination Council
1448:
1431:
1417:
1409:
1003:
1001:
465:General Certificate of Secondary Education
768:
766:
1603:Examination boards in the United Kingdom
557:Royal Society of Arts Examinations Board
434:West Midlands Regional Examination Board
388:East Midland Regional Examinations Board
114:(Oxford, Cambridge and RSA Examinations)
102:(Assessment and Qualifications Alliance)
17:Examination boards in the United Kingdom
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
689:
393:Metropolitan Regional Examination Board
167:The early boards established included:
1374:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1367:
1244:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1237:
903:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
896:
498:Welsh Joint Education Committee (WJEC)
430:Welsh Joint Education Committee (WJEC)
416:South-East Regional Examinations Board
411:North West Regional Examinations Board
647:Scottish Vocational Education Council
442:Yorkshire Regional Examinations Board
340:These boards were soon joined by the
31:responsible for setting and awarding
7:
746:"UCLES | Corporate Information"
398:Middlesex Regional Examination Board
237:University of London Extension Board
1452:England, Wales and Northern Ireland
1082:"GCSE - Further Report on Progress"
653:Examination boards working together
426:Southern Regional Examination Board
90:England, Wales and Northern Ireland
59:qualifications, to students in the
1070:. Guildford: AEB. 1988. p. 3.
1041:"Obtaining past exam certificates"
813:Webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk
449:London Regional Examinations Board
371:Certificate of Secondary Education
14:
406:North Regional Examinations Board
252:Victoria University of Manchester
505:Oxford School Examinations Board
421:South Western Examinations Board
324:General Certificate of Education
1135:. Manchester: AQA. p. 50.
383:East Anglian Examinations Board
312:Welsh Joint Education Committee
842:"150th anniversary exhibition"
521:Creation of the current boards
484:Northern Examining Association
1:
1287:. 24 May 1998. Archived from
641:(SEB), and prior to that the
344:(AEB), which was founded by
1285:"UCLES: Index & Search"
1629:
639:Scottish Examination Board
342:Associated Examining Board
147:History of the exam boards
698:"Education History - RSA"
472:London East Anglian Group
318:GCE (O Level and A Level)
298:Higher School Certificate
248:Joint Matriculation Board
493:Southern Examining Group
231:University of Birmingham
1529:Notable historic boards
561:University of Cambridge
515:Entry Level Certificate
478:Midland Examining Group
296:, taken at 16, and the
256:University of Liverpool
224:Welsh local authorities
195:University of Cambridge
193:(UCLES, founded by the
25:awarding organisations
1305:. Edexcel. 2010-11-17
1207:July 3, 2008, at the
1178:"Our Executive Board"
1088:on September 27, 2004
804:Kathleen Tattersall.
600:ICAAE, a division of
271:University of Bristol
250:(JMB, founded by the
1445:Secondary and higher
934:on February 21, 2007
565:Cambridge Assessment
279:Intermediate schools
241:University of London
206:University of Durham
184:University of Oxford
1613:School examinations
260:University of Leeds
220:Central Welsh Board
33:secondary education
1266:on August 29, 2006
1009:"CSE Exam Records"
822:on 2 December 2013
729:Bodleian Libraries
294:School Certificate
29:examination boards
19:(sometimes called
1590:
1589:
1582:Examination board
1508:
1507:
346:City & Guilds
1620:
1449:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1350:. Archived from
1349:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1262:. Archived from
1256:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1223:. Archived from
1217:
1211:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1184:on July 24, 2008
1180:. Archived from
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1084:. Archived from
1078:
1072:
1071:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1043:. Archived from
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1021:on July 24, 2008
1020:
1014:. Archived from
1013:
1005:
996:
995:
993:
992:
983:. Archived from
977:
968:
967:
965:
964:
958:
950:
944:
943:
941:
939:
933:
927:. Archived from
926:
918:
909:
908:
902:
894:
892:
891:
885:
879:. Archived from
878:
870:
864:
863:
861:
859:
853:
847:. Archived from
846:
838:
832:
831:
829:
827:
821:
815:. Archived from
810:
801:
774:
770:
761:
760:
758:
757:
748:. Archived from
742:
733:
732:
721:
706:
705:
694:
269:(founded by the
239:(founded by the
222:(founded by the
204:(founded by the
182:(founded by the
152:Early beginnings
80:Northern Ireland
1628:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1570:
1524:
1504:
1488:
1440:
1437:
1407:
1398:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1366:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1345:"Archived copy"
1343:
1342:
1338:
1329:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1291:on 24 May 1998.
1283:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1267:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1221:"Archived copy"
1219:
1218:
1214:
1209:Wayback Machine
1201:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1050:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1007:
1006:
999:
990:
988:
979:
978:
971:
962:
960:
956:
952:
951:
947:
937:
935:
931:
924:
920:
919:
912:
895:
889:
887:
883:
876:
874:"Archived copy"
872:
871:
867:
857:
855:
854:on June 6, 2011
851:
844:
840:
839:
835:
825:
823:
819:
808:
803:
802:
777:
771:
764:
755:
753:
752:on May 24, 1998
744:
743:
736:
723:
722:
709:
696:
695:
691:
687:
674:Cambridge Pre-U
670:
655:
635:
623:
610:
594:
577:
548:
532:
523:
461:
367:
320:
290:
173:Society of Arts
154:
149:
92:
45:Standard Grades
21:awarding bodies
12:
11:
5:
1626:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1413:
1406:
1405:
1394:caiefinder.com
1381:
1336:
1326:. Shambles.net
1315:
1294:
1276:
1251:
1212:
1195:
1169:
1148:
1141:
1123:
1099:
1073:
1057:
1032:
997:
969:
945:
910:
865:
833:
775:
762:
734:
707:
688:
686:
683:
682:
681:
676:
669:
666:
654:
651:
634:
631:
622:
619:
609:
606:
593:
590:
576:
573:
563:, through its
547:
544:
531:
528:
522:
519:
500:
499:
496:
490:
487:
481:
475:
460:
457:
445:
444:
439:
436:
431:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
366:
363:
328:Ordinary Level
319:
316:
289:
286:
275:
274:
263:
244:
233:
227:
216:
209:
198:
187:
176:
153:
150:
148:
145:
136:
135:
125:
115:
109:
103:
91:
88:
82:; and one for
61:United Kingdom
37:qualifications
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1625:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:Miscellaneous
1573:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1357:on 2013-10-04
1353:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1227:on 2007-01-09
1226:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1124:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1047:on 2008-08-07
1046:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1017:
1010:
1004:
1002:
998:
987:on 2007-09-14
986:
982:
976:
974:
970:
955:
949:
946:
930:
923:
917:
915:
911:
906:
900:
886:on 2011-06-16
882:
875:
869:
866:
850:
843:
837:
834:
818:
814:
807:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
776:
773:
769:
767:
763:
751:
747:
741:
739:
735:
730:
726:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
708:
703:
699:
693:
690:
684:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
667:
665:
663:
658:
652:
650:
648:
644:
640:
632:
630:
628:
620:
618:
616:
607:
605:
603:
598:
591:
589:
587:
583:
574:
572:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
545:
543:
541:
537:
529:
527:
520:
518:
516:
511:
508:
506:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
469:
468:
466:
458:
456:
454:
450:
443:
440:
437:
435:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
374:
372:
369:In 1965, the
364:
362:
359:
356:
354:
349:
347:
343:
338:
336:
331:
329:
325:
322:In 1951, the
317:
315:
313:
308:
305:
301:
299:
295:
287:
285:
282:
280:
272:
268:
264:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
242:
238:
234:
232:
228:
225:
221:
217:
214:
210:
207:
203:
199:
196:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
174:
170:
169:
168:
165:
163:
159:
151:
146:
144:
140:
133:
129:
126:
123:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
96:
89:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
68:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
1581:
1397:. Retrieved
1393:
1384:
1359:. Retrieved
1352:the original
1339:
1328:. Retrieved
1318:
1307:. Retrieved
1297:
1289:the original
1279:
1268:. Retrieved
1264:the original
1254:
1229:. Retrieved
1225:the original
1215:
1198:
1186:. Retrieved
1182:the original
1172:
1161:. Retrieved
1151:
1132:
1126:
1115:. Retrieved
1090:. Retrieved
1086:the original
1076:
1066:
1060:
1049:. Retrieved
1045:the original
1035:
1023:. Retrieved
1016:the original
989:. Retrieved
985:the original
961:. Retrieved
948:
936:. Retrieved
929:the original
888:. Retrieved
881:the original
868:
856:. Retrieved
849:the original
836:
824:. Retrieved
817:the original
812:
754:. Retrieved
750:the original
728:
701:
692:
659:
656:
636:
624:
611:
599:
595:
578:
571:introduced.
569:
549:
533:
524:
512:
509:
501:
462:
446:
368:
360:
357:
350:
339:
332:
321:
309:
306:
302:
291:
283:
276:
166:
158:universities
155:
141:
137:
120:, under its
93:
69:
65:
24:
20:
16:
15:
649:(SCOTVEC).
1597:Categories
1399:2021-02-08
1361:2011-12-21
1330:2013-10-03
1309:2013-10-03
1270:2013-10-03
1231:2016-05-17
1163:2013-10-03
1142:0954470508
1117:2013-10-03
1051:2016-05-17
991:2008-10-11
963:2013-10-03
890:2014-09-17
826:10 January
756:2013-10-03
702:Thersa.org
685:References
567:division.
57:vocational
39:, such as
27:) are the
1188:August 7,
1159:. The TES
1113:. The TES
1092:August 7,
1025:August 7,
959:. Edexcel
938:August 7,
858:August 9,
455:in 1982.
348:in 1953.
1493:Scotland
1370:cite web
1240:cite web
1205:Archived
899:cite web
668:See also
621:Scotland
258:and the
84:Scotland
49:A Levels
1513:Primary
1469:Edexcel
633:History
586:Pearson
575:Edexcel
162:degrees
122:Edexcel
118:Pearson
72:England
53:Highers
1483:Eduqas
1139:
725:"Home"
615:Eduqas
265:1911:
254:, the
246:1903:
235:1902:
229:1900:
218:1896:
211:1873:
200:1858:
189:1858:
178:1857:
171:1856:
134:brands
132:Eduqas
35:level
1355:(PDF)
1348:(PDF)
1260:"MEG"
1019:(PDF)
1012:(PDF)
957:(PDF)
932:(PDF)
925:(PDF)
884:(PDF)
877:(PDF)
852:(PDF)
845:(PDF)
820:(PDF)
809:(PDF)
124:brand
76:Wales
41:GCSEs
1556:NEAB
1520:NFER
1479:WJEC
1464:CCEA
1376:link
1246:link
1190:2008
1137:ISBN
1094:2008
1027:2008
940:2008
905:link
860:2008
828:2019
660:The
608:WJEC
602:ICAA
592:CCEA
582:BTEC
540:GNVQ
536:NEAB
459:GCSE
351:The
310:The
128:WJEC
106:CCEA
78:and
55:and
1566:SEG
1561:SEB
1551:NEA
1546:MEG
1541:JMB
1536:AEB
1500:SQA
1474:OCR
1459:AQA
662:JCQ
627:SQA
546:OCR
530:AQA
365:CSE
112:OCR
100:AQA
23:or
1599::
1392:.
1372:}}
1368:{{
1242:}}
1238:{{
1102:^
1000:^
972:^
913:^
901:}}
897:{{
811:.
778:^
765:^
737:^
727:.
710:^
700:.
337:.
74:,
63:.
51:,
47:,
43:,
1485:)
1481:(
1432:e
1425:t
1418:v
1402:.
1378:)
1364:.
1333:.
1312:.
1273:.
1248:)
1234:.
1192:.
1166:.
1145:.
1120:.
1096:.
1054:.
1029:.
994:.
966:.
942:.
907:)
893:.
862:.
830:.
759:.
731:.
704:.
273:)
262:)
243:)
226:)
208:)
197:)
186:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.