29:
246:). He also maintains that they contradict themselves as well. For example, he claims that Plato says at one time that there are three first causes, but then at another time that there are four. Again, he claims that Plato says that matter is uncreated, but then later contradicts himself and says that it is created. The modern scholarly views on the relationship between Plato's and Aristotle's philosophies are varied and complex.
160:. Although this assertion is questioned by some recent authors many philosophers like Aristobulus argued even before the time of Christ that the essentials of Greek philosophy and metaphysics were derived from Jewish sources In the 2nd century Platonic philosopher Numenius of Apamea echoed this position in his well-known statement "What is Plato but Moses speaking Attic Greek?"
124:. Among previous commentators there was no consensus concerning the exact dating, but Schreckenberg, Buitenwerf, and Hardwick agreed that the work was probably from the 4th century, which is in line with the biographical data of Marcellus of Ancyra. The work must not be confounded with Pseudo-Justin's
249:
In contrast with the disagreements between all the pagan philosophers, Pseudo-Justin commends the
Christian teachers, who, he says, did not "contradict or argue with one another. Instead, without strife or quarrel, they passed on to us the knowledge they had received from God." He includes Moses as
236:. Despite these two being the most well-regarded of the pagan philosophers, Pseudo-Justin concludes similarly as before: They widely do not agree with each other and are to be criticized for as much. For example, he says that Plato teaches that the human soul has three parts (see
151:
as the source of proper theological views. He claims that Moses was more ancient—and thus, more authoritative—than Homer or any other pagan writer. He also claims that many of the good ideas which pagan philosophers had were taken from Moses, including claiming that
254:. Many scholars have identified the text as Jewish in nature, on the basis of Pseudo-Justin's strong debt to Jewish thought. Another theory is that it is a particularly superficial reworking of Jewish material for Christian purposes (see
146:
as the main source for the theological views of pagans, views which he criticizes. The theories of the pagan Greek thinkers, the author claims, share in this false
Homeric heritage. Pseudo-Justin instead offers up
388:
The standard views of contemporary scholarship concerning the dating and authorship of Mosaic literature and
Homeric literature are far more complex and reject anything like Pseudo-Justin's theories; see
221:
and
Epicurus (who was not Pre-Socratic) could not agree, and that this lack of agreement shows the weakness of their philosophy altogether. Heraclitus is listed as coming from the same city as Hippasus—
808:
798:
439:
28:
255:
711:
The First
Apology, The Second Apology, Dialogue with Trypho, Exhortation to the Greeks, Discourse to the Greeks, The Monarchy of the Rule of God
783:
718:
298:
237:
113:
writers, rejects Greek thought, but Justin Martyr accepted the aspects of Greek philosophy which he felt were not in conflict with the
277:
There is an edition by
Miroslav Marcovich including the text in the original Greek, and a summary and notes in English, published by
803:
125:
101:. "Pseudo-Justin" became the current name when it was recognized that this author and Justin Martyr had significantly differing
289:, published by Friedrich Reinhardt Verlag in 1994. Riedweg's edition represents the first attempt at developing an updated
788:
120:
By way of phraseological and formal comparison
Riedweg argues compellingly that Pseudo-Justin is to be identified with
793:
638:
82:
620:
218:
192:
390:
250:
the oldest
Christian teacher, although Christianity is normally understood as beginning after the life of
71:
20:
698:
Pellegrin, Pierre, "The
Aristotelian Way", chapter 13 of Gill, Mary Louise and Pellegrin, Pierre (eds.),
97:
Although the work is anonymous, it was wrongly ascribed to, and included in collections of the works of,
176:
751:
703:
121:
37:
738:
Shields, Christopher, "Learning about Plato from
Aristotle", chapter 27 of Benson, Hugh H. (ed.),
282:
110:
590:
Anagnostopoulos, Georgios, "Aristotle's Works and the Development of His Thought", chapter 2 of
269:. Pseudo-Justin's quotations and commentary are an important textual source for these oracles.
747:
Ps.-Justin (Markell von Ankyra?), Ad Graecos de vera religione (bisher 'Cohortatio ad Graecos')
726:
Ps.-Justin (Markell von Ankyra?), Ad Graecos de vera religione (bisher 'Cohortatio ad Graecos')
709:
Pseudo-Justin, "Exhortation to the Greeks" in Falls, Thomas B. (trans.), Saint Justin Martyr:
692:
290:
262:
644:
606:
394:
163:
Pseudo-Justin starts his analysis of the pagan thinkers by looking at the teachings of the
680:
van der Horst, Pieter Willem, "Plato's Fear as a Topic in Early Christian Apologetics" in
595:
425:
286:
164:
86:
41:
758:
612:
55:
777:
670:
102:
98:
649:
History of Greek Philosophy, Volume I: The earlier Presocratics and the Pythagoreans
281:
in 1990. A newer edition by Christoph Riedweg includes the Greek text along with a
240:), while Aristotle teaches that the human soul has only one, reasoning aspect (see
195:. He briefly mentions their various theories of "principle" or "first cause" (see
79:
242:
172:
352:
Schreckenberg (1991), p. 52. Buitenwerf (2003), p. 78. Hardwick (1996), p. 379.
278:
266:
222:
214:
206:
188:
180:
157:
497:
Pellegrin (2006). See also Shields (2006); Anagnostopoulos (2009), pp. 22–25.
440:"Numenius (Fl. C. Mid 2nd century AD) - Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy"
265:. He writes that some of these oracles teach the true religion, including
233:
134:, another writing erroneously transmitted under the name of Justin Martyr.
628:
Homer Or Moses?: Early Christian Interpretations of the History of Culture
656:
Josephus as an Historical Source in Patristic Literature Through Eusebius
210:
184:
733:
Jewish Historiography and Iconography in Early and Medieval Christianity
293:. An English translation by Thomas B. Falls is included in Volume 6 of
226:
168:
114:
19:
For the work with a same English name by Clement of Alexandria, see
251:
202:
197:
153:
148:
143:
27:
682:
Hellenism, Judaism, Christianity: Essays on Their Interaction
533:
Pseudo-Justin, chapter 16, pp. 393–4; chapter 37, pp. 422–3.
691:, Cohortatio ad Graecos, De Monarchia, Oratio ad Graecos (
677:
Contra Apionem (Brill Publishers, 1996), pp. 369–402.
603:
Book Three of the Sibylline Oracles and Its Social Setting
201:); for example, Thales' theory that all matter comes from
343:
Hardwick (1989), pp. 38–41. Hardwick (1996), p. 379.
755:, New Series vol. 46, no. 1 (1996), pp. 15–16.
742:(Blackwell Publishing, 2006), pp. 403–433.
684:(Peeters Publishers, 1998), pp. 257–268.
261:Pseudo-Justin also quotes and discusses some
8:
715:The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation
617:The Old Testament: A Very Short Introduction
397:. Coogan (2008), p. 20; Fowler (2004), p. 5.
295:The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation
301:, first published 1948, last printed 2008.
105:. Another difference is that the author of
64:
731:Schreckenberg, Heinz and Schubert, Kurt,
809:Christianity and Hellenistic philosophy
763:Christianity: A Very Short Introduction
309:
256:split of early Christianity and Judaism
179:. Together with the Milesians he adds
799:Ancient Roman philosophical literature
7:
719:Catholic University of America Press
452:Pseudo-Justin, chapter 3, pp. 377–8.
299:Catholic University of America Press
205:. Next he mentions the theories of
728:(Friedrich Reinhardt Verlag, 1994).
651:(Cambridge University Press, 1962).
633:Fowler, Robert, "Introduction" in
406:Pseudo-Justin, chapter 26, p. 405.
14:
700:A Companion to Ancient Philosophy
506:Pseudo-Justin, chapter 8, p. 383.
488:Pseudo-Justin, chapter 7, p. 382.
479:Pseudo-Justin, chapter 6, p. 382.
461:Pseudo-Justin, chapter 4, p. 379.
379:Pseudo-Justin, chapter 9, p. 384.
370:Pseudo-Justin, chapter 2, p. 377.
238:Plato's tripartite theory of soul
40:(Paris grec 451). The script is
765:(Oxford University Press, 2004).
635:The Cambridge Companion to Homer
225:—although he in fact came from
217:. He concludes that all these
76:Λόγος παραινέτικος πρὸς Ἕλληνας
1:
673:and Levison, John R. (eds.),
524:van der Horst (1998), p. 262.
285:, and a study of the work in
232:Next he considers Plato and
16:Ancient Greek Christian text
784:4th-century Christian texts
578:Pseudo-Justin, pp. 369–423.
825:
706:, 2006), pp. 235–244.
639:Cambridge University Press
297:(Patristic series) by the
109:, while nonetheless using
75:
18:
542:Buitenwerf, pp. 65, 78–9.
316:Buitenwerf (2003), p. 78.
219:Pre-Socratic philosophers
142:Pseudo-Justin identifies
107:Exhortation to the Greeks
51:Exhortation to the Greeks
34:Exhortation to the Greeks
804:Christian theology books
669:: Points of Contact" in
598:, 2009), pp. 14–27.
592:A Companion to Aristotle
361:Hardwick (1996), p. 379.
325:Hardwick (1996), p. 379.
83:paraenetic or protreptic
745:Trapp, M. B., "Review:
658:(Scholars Press, 1989).
641:, 2004), pp. 1–10.
621:Oxford University Press
470:Guthrie (1962), p. 408.
334:Riedweg (1994), p. 167.
601:Buitenwerf, Rieuwerd,
515:Woodhead (2004), p. 1.
391:Documentary hypothesis
78:) is an Ancient Greek
66:Cohortatio ad Gentiles
65:
59:
45:
21:Protrepticus (Clement)
687:Marcovich, Miroslav,
667:Antiquatates Judaicae
630:(Mohr Siebeck, 1989).
177:Anaximenes of Miletus
85:text in thirty-eight
62:; alternative Latin:
60:Cohortatio ad Graecos
31:
789:Texts in Koine Greek
752:The Classical Review
740:A Companion to Plato
724:Riedweg, Christoph,
717:(Patristic series) (
704:Blackwell Publishing
661:Hardwick, Michael, "
569:Trapp (1996), p. 15.
415:Droge (1989), p. 63.
735:(Van Gorcum, 1991).
654:Hardwick, Michael,
156:read Moses and the
122:Marcellus of Ancyra
626:Droge, Arthur J.,
613:Coogan, Michael D.
283:critical apparatus
131:Oratio ad Gentiles
111:Hellenistic period
46:
32:First page of the
794:4th-century books
671:Feldman, Louis H.
645:Guthrie, W. K. C.
551:Marcovich (1990).
263:Sibylline oracles
127:Oratio ad Graecos
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607:Brill Publishers
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47:
33:
25:
243:On the Soul
173:Anaximander
36:, from the
778:Categories
693:De Gruyter
675:Josephus'
279:De Gruyter
267:monotheism
223:Metapontum
215:Empedocles
207:Pythagoras
189:Anaxagoras
181:Heraclitus
234:Aristotle
193:Archelaus
80:Christian
721:, 1948).
695:, 1990).
623:, 2008).
609:, 2003).
273:Editions
211:Epicurus
185:Hippasus
87:chapters
227:Ephesus
158:Nevi'im
138:Content
115:gospels
287:German
213:, and
191:, and
175:, and
169:Thales
305:Notes
252:Jesus
203:water
198:arche
154:Plato
149:Moses
144:Homer
56:Latin
665:and
393:and
48:The
749:",
258:).
129:or
780::
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615:,
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