830:. The rise was higher for mental disorders and female public employees were over-represented. Cuts to the public sector during the '90s have later been pointed to as the cause. The downsizing should have caused an increased work load, and as workers succumbed to overwork fewer and fewer remaining employees would have been left to share the burden. Overarching socio-cultural and workplace related developments since the 1980s, including increased information density and exchange, and both parents working full-time while raising children, have also been emphasized as contributors.
722:
efforts. Uncertain forms of employment and threats of closure were also associated with an increased risk of symptoms. Some factors were found to increase the risk of symptoms of depression, but not exhaustion. This was true for cases of bullying and conflict in the workplace, and for the combination of high expectations with limited influence over working conditions. Some factors confer a protective effect. Influence and control over working conditions diminish the presence of symptoms related to either condition.
300:, where the resulting examination fails to identify any physical cause. This critical stage tends to be described in terms of a crisis or "collapse" by the affected person and their associates. There is usually a marked aversion to the workplace for a while, and either an increased sleep duration or sleep disturbances. As the overall condition slowly improves the physical symptoms tend to abate, but sleeping disorders and cognitive impairments may linger, and stress tolerance recovers slowly.
256:. How to differentiate between benign and maladaptive responses to stress is not necessarily evident, and from a dimensional rather than categorical perspective there is no sharp line dividing normality and illness. The difference between tolerable and pathological stress seems to depend on a complex interaction between stress factors, and the affected persons mental resources and protective factors. A prolonged period of elevated stress can lead to exhaustion,
790:, and is defined by the triad of emotional exhaustion, cynicism and an experience of reduced professional capacity. The syndrome of burnout was initially exclusively focused on occupation related stress-inducers, but was later expanded to include other kinds of stress. The description of the condition has shifted over time and between different scholars, which has contributed to burnout never attaining the status of a medical diagnosis in either the
292:, sleeplessness, irritability, dizziness or bowel issues may erupt. During this phase, some people seek medical care for physical or other isolated symptoms. The rate of recovery and progress from the at risk stage is unknown. If the disease progresses the fatigue compounds, with increasing cognitive decline and an inability perform everyday activities. At the peak of distress some are compelled to seek emergency care due to
42:
747:, and was popularized soon thereafter. Beard believed that the condition was brought on by the woes of modern life — express trains, and a fixation with time and especially measuring it — that subjected the human psyche to overload. Demanding working conditions causing overexertion was considered the principal cause of acquired neurasthenia. In the 1940s,
575:
effect. Two reviews published in 2019 and 2022 have pointed to limitations in the methods of the available research on treatment. MMR is a preferred treatment according to the guidelines, but its utility is hard to investigate, since the makeup of the team and their approach varies between care providers. Therapeutic approaches like
683:
are at a higher risk of all stress related diagnoses. This difference between the sexes is not sufficiently explained by factors related to either sex or gender, but is proportional to actual stress exposure. According to statistics from the
Swedish Social Insurance Agency cases peak between the ages
417:
In order to confirm the diagnosis of exhaustion disorder, physical and mental exhaustion must be present following a prolonged period of elevated stress. The major criteria of significantly reduced mental energy must have been present for at least 2 weeks. One or several prior stress-inducing factors
875:
in 2005. No scientific articles investigating exhaustion disorder had been published at the time. This formal recognition meant that the condition could thereafter be used as a reason for sick leave. As the diagnosis was recognized, efforts to formulate guidelines for diagnostics, treatment and sick
627:
has shown an improvement of exhaustion- and physical symptoms over the course of 18 months. Still, at the time of long term follow-up 7–10 years later, almost half of the participants experienced fatigue and a majority reported a lasting reduction in stress tolerance. The duration of symptoms before
574:
The body of research is small, since the diagnosis is only recognized in a single country. There is limited evidence concerning the efficacy of treatments in terms of return to work, primary research studies on the topic are wrought with generally low numbers of participants, and show marginal or no
178:
ability and a range of physical symptoms. The symptoms develop gradually as a result of prolonged and elevated stress, but often culminate abruptly as the disorder becomes fulminant. Recovery will generally take from six months to a full year, sometimes longer. There are significant overlaps between
721:
found that several work related factors influenced the risk of developing symptoms of depression or exhaustion disorder. Factors related to an increased risk of symptoms of both conditions were: a lack of peer-to-peer support, experiencing a heavy work-load or a lack of gratification in relation to
708:
or the first few years of school are at higher risk (with children ages 3–8). Having more than one child or having recently gone through divorce proceedings also increase the risk of exhaustion. Bosses and managers, as well as people working in occupations where a university degree is required, are
570:
Many different treatment options have been investigated and assessed scientifically. Since exhaustion disorder results in a long-lasting and severe loss of function, usually brought on by work-related stress, time until "return to work" is considered the most important end-point when evaluating the
845:
were notified of the surge in 1998 and decided to investigate. They found that the symptoms did not match the typical presentation of depression. Complaints like fatigue and decreased cognitive ability dominated and many interviewees believed their working conditions to be the cause. The condition
437:
The diagnosis has not been recognized outside Sweden. There is a lack of consensus internationally concerning the proper way to diagnose, classify and treat conditions brought on by chronic stress. It has been suggested that the exhaustion disorder construct is an attempt to create a recognizable
283:
have several overlapping symptoms and often occur simultaneously, but many people suffering from exhaustion disorder do not satisfy the diagnostic criteria for depression. Symptom overlap between exhaustion disorder and other mental disorders is not unusual, but rather a common theme among mental
601:
in general, but the specific case of the proper way to treat sleep problems in patients with simultaneous exhaustion disorder has not been studied. The use of internet-based CBT in exhaustion disorder and burnout suggests that its effects on exhaustion symptoms are mediated by improved sleep. No
313:
was identified in small scientific studies, resulting in an attenuated release of cortisol in response to stimulation. Subsequent investigations into this abnormality have produced mixed results, and several later scientific reports found no difference compared to healthy controls. Studies using
287:
The typical course of disease is divided into three phases: at risk, acute sickness and recovery. At risk individuals experience a gradual onset of symptoms over a prolonged period of time, followed by a sudden deterioration and a long recovery, with pronounced exhaustion and reduced cognitive
239:
programs have also been offered by specialized providers. Several treatment options are effective at reducing symptoms, but no available treatment option successfully reduces the duration until return to work. Due to the limited effect of available treatment options, preventative measures are
622:
There is limited scientific evidence describing the general prognosis or allowing for individual prognostication in cases of exhaustion. Studying the natural course of the disease is complicated by the high rates of co-morbid depression and anxiety disorders. A follow-up of patients that had
405:
The diagnosis is part of the diagnostic group "Adaptation disorders and response to severe stress". For classification purposes exhaustion disorder is marked as a complementary diagnosis if a patient suffers from a concurrent mental health disorder of significance; this includes depression,
684:
of 35–44. The diagnostic group "reactions to severe stress, and adjustment disorders", where exhaustion disorder belongs, has grown to become the most common cause for sick leave in the country, mirroring how stress-related disorders have become the leading cause for sick leave in the
418:
should be identified and the exposure must have lasted for 6 months or longer. At least 4 out of 6 minor criteria are needed to complete the diagnosis. It is considered vital to differentiate between exhaustion disorder and other responses to elevated or severe stress, such as
458:"Exhaustion due to persistent non-traumatic stress" has been proposed for such afflictions. It is considered likely that the suffering recognized as exhaustion disorder in Swedish healthcare settings in many other countries would be interpreted as symptoms of depression or an
596:
and confers protection against stress-induced symptoms. Due to limitations in study design and size, the effects of physical exercise in fully developed exhaustion disorder is unknown. Improved sleep is considered important for recovery and CBT is effective against
587:
studies, but there is limited or no evidence for any effect on return to work. Similar claims have been made concerning MMR, but there are no controlled trials evaluating it as a treatment for exhaustion. Physical activity is proven to be effective against several
308:
Exhaustion disorder is stress-induced by definition and could be caused by stress in the workplace or from other environments. The underlying physiological mechanisms are as of 2023 incompletely understood. Early on, a decreased sensitivity within the
2988:Åsberg, Marie; Blomberg, Carolina; Brändström, Lisa; Clason van de Leur, Jakob; Eskilsson, Therese; Finnes, Anna; Glise, Kristina; Grossi, Giorgio; Herlofson, Jörgen; Nager, Anna; Wallensten, Johanna; Wastensson, Gunilla; Wilczek, Alexander (2024).
718:
696:, have remained relatively stable in Sweden. Among patients receiving compensation from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency for more than 90 days, exhaustion disorder is the most common diagnosis and the ratio of women to men is 4 to 1.
862:, to investigate the condition and conduct a scientific review. Several physicians and paramedical aides specialized in treatment of stress-related disorders joined the investigation. The initial moniker was forgone in 2003 in favor of
618:
supports a sick leave duration between 6 and 12 months. The increased incidence of exhaustion disorder during the early 21st century contributed to an increase in the mean length of sick leave for mental health reasons in Sweden.
870:
The body of research on stress-induced mental disorders was deemed lacking, and the need to conduct research into and validate the newly formulated diagnosis was stressed. The diagnosis was introduced into the
Swedish edition of
350:. Several physical and mental disorders may present with symptoms similar to exhaustion disorder, which makes it a diagnosis of exclusion. Relevant physical alternative diagnoses are symptom dependent, but could include
538:
offers an ensemble of options and are open to interpretation. The actual treatment provided varies between different providers and parts of the country, depending on local traditions and resources, including access to
2677:"Stress-related exhaustion disorder – clinical manifestation of burnout? A review of assessment methods, sleep impairments, cognitive disturbances, and neuro-biological and physiological changes in clinical burnout"
605:
Due to the limited efficacy of currently available treatment options, the need to focus on preventative measures has been highlighted as the most important intervention in order to mitigate stress-induced sickness.
759:, which popularized stress as a medical term. Further investigations during the late 20th century uncovered how different parts of the human brain change in response to chronic stress. French psychiatrist
533:
may be a part of the protocol. Antidepressants are not considered effective in treating exhaustion, but may be used to treat concurrent depression or anxiety. The guidelines for treatment published by the
501:(WHODAS 2.0) has been studied as a means to distinguish between exhaustion and the less severe adjustment disorder, but no currently available scales or questionnaires are properly validated for use in
2745:
2441:
2866:
876:
leave continued. The first edition of guidelines was published by the Board of Health and
Welfare in 2008, delayed by roughly half a year due to "disagreements in the medical corps."
482:
sometimes employed as a rating scale in the evaluation of exhaustion disorder. Despite the conceptual difference between ED and burnout these questionnaires have many similarities.
786:. This term, with origins in the 1960s, was originally used to describe a reaction observed in caretaking professionals. The most disseminated version of burnout was developed by
2815:
Lindsäter, Elin; Svärdman, Frank; Wallert, John; Ivanova, Ekaterina; Söderholm, Anna; Fondberg, Robin; Nilsonne, Gustav; Cervenka, Simon; Lekander, Mats; Rück, Christian (2022).
795:
2315:
2912:
2177:
2633:
866:(exhaustion disorder), which gained traction as a diagnosis that same year when the Board of Health and Welfare published the results of the investigation in the book
462:, or be described with alternative terms such as clinical burnout, work-related neurasthenia, work-related depression, adjustment disorder or somatization syndrome.
675:
in 2019, 18% of the women and 13% of the men received compensation due to exhaustion disorder, leaving women at a 40% greater risk. Female public employees of the
833:
Efforts to formulate the diagnosis were sparked by an increase in sick leave numbers attributed to depression, for customers served by one of the larger
Swedish
197:
752:
252:
Exposure to stress is a part of life that generates a host of different responses, some of them akin to signs of illness without constituting or resulting in
859:
535:
771:) in 1959, and in the 1960s French and German psychiatrists would separate cases of depression into various sub-classes, including "exhaustion-depression" (
470:
Various questionnaires may be of use to evaluate the risk for burnout or exhaustion, rate the intensity of symptoms or screen for co-morbid disorders. The
543:(MMR). Since the symptoms are long-lasting it is generally considered appropriate to start partial return to work before complete remission of symptoms.
2461:"Nature-Based Rehabilitation for Patients with Long-Standing Stress-Related Mental Disorders: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis of Patients' Experiences"
338:
Exhaustion disorder is a clinical diagnosis made by a qualified health care professional based on the patient's recollection of the course of disease.
2573:
494:
2599:
Gavelin, Hanna M.; Domellöf, Magdalena E.; Åström, Elisabeth; Nelson, Andreas; Launder, Nathalie H.; Neely, Anna
Stigsdotter; Lampit, Amit (2022).
648:
patients. Such studies are likely to generate overestimates of the prevalence of disease. The actual prevalence of exhaustion disorder is unknown.
2375:
709:
at a lower risk. However, there is an increased risk of disease among workers in care professions, even those where a degree is a prerequisite.
2639:
2753:
2665:
2589:
2449:
490:
212:
for more than 90 days, it is the most common diagnosis and women are at higher risk than men. The diagnosis is not used outside of Sweden.
264:. The diagnosis of exhaustion disorder is designed to capture a state of illness far removed from the transient stress of everyday life.
2648:
704:
The principal cause is usually workplace stress, but several other factors influence the risk of disease. Individuals with children in
271:
that does not improve with rest, reduced stress tolerance and various physical symptoms. Some of the more common physical symptoms are
434:, and emphasizes that a combination of fatigue and diminished cognitive capacity must be present for the diagnosis to be considered.
3016:
2997:
2978:
2805:
2729:
580:
743:
in the 1920s, it shares many symptoms with exhaustion disorder. The term itself was introduced in 1869 by the
American neurologist
3021:
1029:
799:
614:
The time to recovery is considered relatively long, lasting several months and in some instances years; the guidelines from the
486:
890:
in 2024. Another group led by psychiatrist
Christian RĂĽck published a scoping review on the condition in 2022, questioning its
672:
615:
555:
209:
2788:
2905:
2764:
2345:
644:
of exhaustion have been approximated to occur in 15% of the general
Swedish population, 15% of healthcare workers and 30% of
330:. However, the number of studies and their participants are limited, and more research is needed to validate these findings.
1028:Åsberg, Marie; Grape, Tom; Krakau, Ingvar; Nygren, Åke; Rodhe, Margareta; Wahlberg, Anders; Währborg, Peter (11 May 2010).
818:
and toxicology has been complemented by an awareness of psycho-social stress as an inducer of illness and premature death.
475:
471:
447:
879:
Since 2019 a working group led by Marie Ă…sberg has developed a new set of guidelines, which were eventually published by
576:
498:
411:
183:, two conditions that frequently occur simultaneously. There are also many similarities between exhaustion disorder and
558:
is sometimes called for to agree on common terms for a gradual increase in workload. Depending on the circumstances a
315:
1365:
689:
680:
624:
540:
502:
236:
193:(burnout) is used synonymously with exhaustion disorder, but this usage is dissuaded in professional settings.
2657:
2867:"Sjukfrånvaro i psykiatriska diagnoser: En registerstudie av Sveriges arbetande befolkning i åldern 20–69 år"
2877:
842:
67:
2512:
Clason van de Leur, Jakob; Jovicic, Filip; Ă…hslund, Andreas; McCracken, Lance M.; Buhrman, Monica (2024).
2437:
Arbetsmiljöns betydelse för symtom på depression och utmattningssyndrom: En systematisk litteraturöversikt
826:
The late 1990s and early 00s saw an increase in the number of Swedes on prolonged sick leave or receiving
656:
367:
355:
347:
2797:
891:
811:
602:
scientific studies have investigated the utility of treating exhaustion disorder with antidepressants.
423:
167:
131:
63:
880:
798:, with fixed diagnostic criteria. The first stress-related diagnosis to be formally recognized by the
521:
on stress, and the role of working conditions and lifestyle factors, are common treatment approaches.
288:
capacity. The initial phase can last several years and various complaints such as fatigue, headaches,
2600:
2564:
929:
851:
783:
559:
479:
439:
184:
2817:"Exhaustion disorder: scoping review of research on a recently introduced stress-related diagnosis"
744:
451:
419:
171:
827:
760:
651:
Persons with exhaustion disorder are at an increased risk of certain physical diseases including
78:
2514:"Psychological Treatment of Exhaustion Due to Persistent Non-Traumatic Stress: A Scoping Review"
628:
the first contact with healthcare is the most significant predictor of the length of recovery.
474:(KEDS) is used to quantify symptoms of exhaustion among the afflicted and at risk individuals.
2993:
2974:
2970:
2953:
2945:
2901:
2881:
2854:
2836:
2801:
2775:
2749:
2725:
2721:
2704:
2696:
2661:
2620:
2585:
2551:
2533:
2500:
2482:
2445:
2383:
2356:
2323:
2187:
2182:
1588:
1373:
1039:
1034:
787:
676:
530:
522:
319:
280:
241:
224:
216:
180:
118:
54:
2935:
2844:
2828:
2688:
2612:
2577:
2541:
2525:
2490:
2472:
1580:
855:
834:
693:
584:
547:
459:
279:
and bowel issues. Most patients also suffer from sleeping problems. Exhaustion disorder and
159:
59:
2924:"Role of rehabilitation in chronic stress-induced exhaustion disorder: A narrative review"
2916:
2897:
772:
764:
756:
598:
589:
518:
261:
220:
2676:
885:
838:
2546:
583:
reduce stress-induced symptoms in the short term, and have been found cost-efficient in
2849:
2816:
2495:
2460:
740:
431:
430:. The 2024 Ă…sberg review recommends that the criteria be interpreted strictly to avoid
351:
257:
3010:
2176:Ă…sberg, Marie; Wahlberg, Kristina; Wiklander, Maria; Nygren, Ă…ke (6 September 2011).
526:
455:
339:
323:
232:
228:
736:
705:
660:
645:
640:
of exhaustion disorder have been published. In smaller questionnaire-based studies
443:
375:
2616:
2967:
Komplexa syndrom: om vanliga kontroversiella och svĂĄrbegripliga sjukdomstillstĂĄnd
719:
Swedish Agency for Health
Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services
928:
For the purposes of the review, exhaustion disorder was considered analogous to
108:
2601:"Cognitive function in clinical burnout: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
2529:
1161:
1159:
815:
748:
637:
297:
205:
71:
2949:
2885:
2840:
2779:
2700:
2624:
2537:
2513:
2486:
2387:
2360:
2327:
2191:
1592:
1377:
1043:
915:
Though the diagnostic criteria have been used in a few scientific studies in
846:
was considered distinct from depression and Ă…sberg suggested using the term
739:. On the rise during the late 19th and early 20th century until the rise of
593:
407:
276:
175:
84:
2957:
2858:
2708:
2650:
Exhaustion disorder: identification, characterisation and course of illness
2555:
2504:
2477:
1551:
1549:
1547:
2940:
2923:
2922:
Wallensten, Johanna; Ă…sberg, Marie; Wiklander, Maria; Nager, Anna (2019).
2675:
Grossi, Giorgio; Perski, Aleksander; Osika, Walter; Savic, Ivanka (2015).
2178:"Psykiskt sjuk av stress ... diagnostik, patofysiologi och rehabilitering"
1572:
41:
2832:
2566:
Burnout in the workplace: A review of data and policy responses in the EU
1584:
652:
489:(MADRAS) is used to evaluate simultaneous symptoms of depression and the
386:
371:
327:
310:
272:
215:
Treatment approaches vary between healthcare providers and the different
2692:
807:
389:
has been evaluated, but it serves a purpose only in research settings.
289:
268:
253:
2098:
2096:
2011:
2009:
1984:
1982:
976:
974:
972:
916:
872:
398:
379:
201:
2581:
1745:
1743:
1006:
1004:
293:
204:
in 2005. Since its introduction it has become a leading cause for
2465:
International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
2459:
Bergenheim, Anna; Ahlborg, Gunnar; Bernhardsson, Susanne (2021).
2316:"Välj annan diagnos än utmattningssyndrom i allmänläkares praxis"
991:
989:
1921:
1919:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1640:
1638:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
803:
685:
427:
374:. There are also many commonalities with the chronic conditions
363:
196:
The diagnosis was introduced in 2003, and with support from the
16:
Stress-induced disorder causing fatigue and cognitive disability
1534:
1532:
1530:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1088:
1086:
1084:
782:
Another term with many commonalities to exhaustion disorder is
671:
Of people receiving compensation for mental disorders from the
2156:
2154:
2152:
2115:
2113:
2111:
1200:
1198:
791:
343:
1734:
1165:
2374:Ă…sberg, Marie; Nygren, Ă…ke; Nager, Anna (26 February 2013).
562:
or other support person may accompany the patient–employee.
688:. Alongside this trend, the numbers for anxiety diagnoses,
170:
to indicate a maladaptive stress disorder more severe than
1573:"Addressing Burnout in Organisations: A Literature Review"
1493:
1491:
763:
started diagnosing patients with work-related exhaustion (
397:
Exhaustion disorder is included in the Swedish version of
208:
in Sweden. Among patients receiving compensation from the
2790:
Cognitive behavioral therapy for stress-related disorders
2739:
2435:
2282:
2280:
1874:
1718:
1716:
1703:
1701:
1617:
1555:
1299:
1297:
963:
850:("exhaustion-depression"). In 2002 she was authorized by
240:
considered the most important intervention to reduce the
1364:
Engblom, Monika; Englund, Lars; Haara, Kristina (2023).
525:
is also considered an important part of rehabilitation.
342:
cannot be used to ascertain the diagnosis but may, like
554:) between the patient, employer, care provider and the
529:
in one-on-one or group settings, including methods for
493:(HAD) measure signs of both depression or anxiety. The
2746:
Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering
2442:
Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering
1389:
1387:
1366:"Inga nya riktlinjer för diagnosen utmattningssyndrom"
1127:
1125:
2376:"Att skilja mellan depression och utmattningssyndrom"
2322:(in Swedish) (3). Svensk förening för allmänmedicin.
1372:(in Swedish) (1). Svensk förening för allmänmedicin.
2102:
2087:
2015:
1988:
1785:
1482:
980:
868:
Utmattningssyndrom: stressrelaterad psykisk ohälsa.
137:
127:
117:
107:
99:
91:
77:
53:
31:
26:
2894:Utmattningssyndrom: stressrelaterad psykisk ohälsa
2075:
2063:
2051:
2039:
2000:
1973:
1949:
1910:
1862:
1850:
1821:
1809:
1773:
1749:
1010:
2440:. SBU utvärderar (223) (in Swedish). Stockholm:
1925:
1838:
1692:
1644:
1521:
1351:
1339:
1150:
1092:
995:
2407:
2271:
2027:
1761:
1571:Demerouti, Evangelia; Adaloudis, Niels (2024).
1429:
1405:
1276:
1189:
1075:
951:
1538:
735:An early proposed progenitor of exhaustion is
2298:
2211:
2160:
2143:
2119:
1886:
1605:
1509:
1470:
1288:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1216:
1204:
1063:
188:
8:
2518:International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
1566:
1564:
860:Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare
536:Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare
497:(AUDIT) screens for overuse of alcohol. The
267:The symptoms of exhaustion disorder include
198:Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare
2992:(in Swedish). Stockholm: Gothia kompetens.
2741:Insatser i vĂĄrden vid lĂĄngtidssjukskrivning
2309:
2307:
1735:Bergenheim, Ahlborg & Bernhardsson 2021
1166:Bergenheim, Ahlborg & Bernhardsson 2021
546:Before return to work a joint-appointment (
174:. Common signs include exhaustion, reduced
487:Montgommery Ă…sberg Depression Rating Scale
478:(SMBQ) is a tool originally developed for
200:it was included in the Swedish edition of
40:
23:
2939:
2848:
2574:Publications Office of the European Union
2545:
2494:
2476:
2346:"Riktlinjer för utmattningssyndrom klara"
2339:
2337:
2259:
2247:
2223:
1961:
1937:
1898:
1797:
1668:
1497:
1453:
1104:
1023:
1021:
1019:
495:Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
113:Being female, working in care professions
2419:
2286:
2131:
1722:
1656:
1629:
1441:
1417:
1315:
1303:
1228:
1116:
894:and reliability as a medical diagnosis.
636:No large epidemiological studies on the
49:a woman portraying the emotion of stress
2171:
2169:
944:
908:
1030:"Stress som orsak till psykisk ohälsa"
571:effectiveness of various treatments.
2744:. SBU Utvärderar (359) (in Swedish).
2235:
1707:
1680:
1393:
1327:
1177:
1131:
717:In a systematic review from 2014 the
713:Factors related to working conditions
592:. In healthy individuals it improves
491:Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
87:ability and various physical symptoms
7:
476:Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire
472:Karolinska Exhaustion Disorder Scale
179:symptoms of exhaustion disorder and
753:hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
2928:Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
2681:Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
499:WHO Disability Assessment Schedule
152:stress-induced exhaustion disorder
35:Stress-induced exhaustion disorder
14:
800:American Psychiatric Association
466:Questionnaires and rating scales
385:The utility of measuring saliva-
2638:. ISM-häfte nr 5 (in Swedish).
673:Swedish Social Insurance Agency
616:Swedish Social Insurance Agency
210:Swedish Social Insurance Agency
187:. In common Swedish vernacular
1875:Clason van de Leur et al. 2024
1618:Clason van de Leur et al. 2024
1556:Clason van de Leur et al. 2024
964:Clason van de Leur et al. 2024
814:the initial focus on physical
318:have indicated changes to the
1:
2617:10.1080/02678373.2021.2002972
822:Introduction and developments
103:Prolonged and elevated stress
412:generalised anxiety disorder
450:, and how fatigue-dominant
438:medical diagnosis from the
3038:
2765:"GĂĄtan Utmattningssyndrom"
2716:Herlofson, Jörgen (2014).
2530:10.1007/s12529-023-10185-y
806:, at its inclusion in the
755:and its connection to the
346:, be employed to rule out
316:magnetic resonance imaging
219:. Common elements include
2896:(in Swedish). Stockholm:
2774:(in Swedish) (2): 14–22.
2720:(in Swedish). Stockholm:
2344:Ohlin, Elisabeth (2008).
2103:SBU utvärderar (223) 2014
2088:SBU utvärderar (223) 2014
2016:SBU Utvärderar (359) 2022
1989:SBU utvärderar (223) 2014
1786:SBU Utvärderar (359) 2022
1483:SBU Utvärderar (359) 2022
981:SBU Utvärderar (359) 2022
690:major depressive disorder
625:multimodal rehabilitation
541:multimodal rehabilitation
237:Multimodal rehabilitation
166:) is a diagnosis used in
48:
39:
3017:Stress-related disorders
2965:Währborg, Peter (2023).
2915:22 November 2009 at the
2874:Socialförsäkringsrapport
2787:Lindsäter, Elin (2020).
2763:Jernberg, Maria (2021).
2647:Glise, Kristina (2014).
2640:Västra Götalandsregionen
2632:Glise, Kristina (2013).
2410:, pp. 8–10, 14, 79.
769:Ă©puisement professionnel
681:Municipalities of Sweden
503:differential diagnostics
442:, similar to the use of
3022:Culture-bound syndromes
1577:SSRN Electronic Journal
556:Social Insurance Agency
448:Dutch healthcare system
68:rehabilitation medicine
2478:10.3390/ijerph18136897
2314:Englund, Lars (2022).
2076:Försäkringskassan 2020
2064:Försäkringskassan 2020
2052:Försäkringskassan 2020
2040:Försäkringskassan 2020
2001:Försäkringskassan 2020
1974:Försäkringskassan 2020
1950:Försäkringskassan 2020
1911:Försäkringskassan 2020
1863:Wallensten et al. 2019
1851:Wallensten et al. 2019
1822:Wallensten et al. 2019
1810:Wallensten et al. 2019
1774:Wallensten et al. 2019
1750:Wallensten et al. 2019
1011:Wallensten et al. 2019
777:Erschöpfungsdepression
776:
768:
657:cardiovascular disease
551:
368:cardiovascular disease
217:regions of the country
189:
163:
2941:10.2340/16501977-2545
2798:Karolinska Institutet
2658:Göteborgs universitet
1926:Lindsäter et al. 2022
1839:Lindsäter et al. 2022
1693:Lindsäter et al. 2022
1645:Lindsäter et al. 2022
1522:Lindsäter et al. 2022
1444:, pp. 68–69, 80.
1420:, pp. 65–67, 77.
1352:Lindsäter et al. 2022
1340:Lindsäter et al. 2022
1180:, pp. 6, 10, 19.
1151:Lindsäter et al. 2022
1093:Lindsäter et al. 2022
996:Lindsäter et al. 2022
848:utmattningsdepression
812:occupational medicine
424:acute stress disorder
348:alternative diagnoses
64:occupational medicine
2969:(in Swedish). Lund:
2833:10.1192/bjo.2022.559
2408:Socialstyrelsen 2003
2272:Socialstyrelsen 2003
2028:Socialstyrelsen 2003
1788:, pp. 117, 154.
1762:Socialstyrelsen 2003
1585:10.2139/ssrn.4718143
1430:Socialstyrelsen 2003
1406:Socialstyrelsen 2003
1277:Socialstyrelsen 2003
1190:Socialstyrelsen 2003
1076:Socialstyrelsen 2003
952:Socialstyrelsen 2003
560:union representative
480:occupational burnout
185:occupational burnout
83:exhaustion, reduced
2274:, pp. 7–8, 13.
1824:, pp. 333–335.
1539:Gavelin et al. 2022
745:George Miller Beard
452:somatoform disorder
420:adjustment disorder
262:cognitive abilities
172:adjustment disorder
148:Exhaustion disorder
27:Exhaustion disorder
2990:Utmattningssyndrom
2876:(in Swedish) (8).
2722:Natur & Kultur
2693:10.1111/sjop.12251
2635:Utmattningssyndrom
2563:Eurofound (2018).
2299:Ă…sberg et al. 2024
2212:Grossi et al. 2015
2161:Ă…sberg et al. 2024
2144:Ă…sberg et al. 2024
2120:Ă…sberg et al. 2024
2090:, pp. 16, 40.
1901:, pp. 16, 67.
1887:Ă…sberg et al. 2024
1606:Grossi et al. 2015
1510:Ă…sberg et al. 2024
1471:Grossi et al. 2015
1289:Ă…sberg et al. 2024
1265:Ă…sberg et al. 2024
1253:Ă…sberg et al. 2024
1243:, pp. 58, 62.
1241:Ă…sberg et al. 2024
1217:Ă…sberg et al. 2024
1205:Ă…sberg et al. 2024
1064:Ă…sberg et al. 2024
864:utmattningssyndrom
835:insurance agencies
828:disability pension
248:Signs and symptoms
168:Swedish healthcare
164:Utmattningssyndrom
95:Long-term recovery
2971:Studentlitteratur
2878:Försäkringskassan
2772:Psykologtidningen
2755:978-91-987553-3-6
2667:978-91-628-8978-4
2605:Work & Stress
2591:978-92-897-1730-4
2451:978-91-85413-64-5
2262:, pp. 94–95.
2042:, pp. 6, 31.
1976:, pp. 21–23.
1889:, pp. 65–67.
1710:, pp. 15–17.
1632:, pp. 77–78.
1512:, pp. 16–17.
1432:, pp. 8, 44.
1291:, pp. 63–66.
1267:, pp. 62–63.
1219:, pp. 60–61.
1119:, pp. 59–60.
788:Christina Maslach
531:stress management
523:Physical activity
514:Treatment options
454:can be used. The
320:prefrontal cortex
260:and a decline in
242:burden of disease
225:physical activity
145:
144:
119:Diagnostic method
21:Medical condition
3029:
3003:
2984:
2961:
2943:
2911:
2889:
2871:
2862:
2852:
2811:
2795:
2783:
2769:
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2712:
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2655:
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2480:
2455:
2423:
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2284:
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2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
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2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2173:
2164:
2158:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2106:
2100:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
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1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
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1836:
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1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1711:
1705:
1696:
1695:, pp. 7, 9.
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1568:
1559:
1553:
1542:
1536:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1457:
1456:, pp. 7, 9.
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
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1307:
1301:
1292:
1286:
1280:
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1268:
1262:
1256:
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1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1154:
1148:
1135:
1129:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1025:
1014:
1008:
999:
993:
984:
978:
967:
961:
955:
949:
933:
926:
920:
913:
889:
881:Gothia Kompetens
856:Director-General
694:bipolar disorder
623:participated in
590:mental disorders
460:anxiety disorder
401:, designated as
192:
60:General practice
44:
24:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3007:
3006:
3000:
2987:
2981:
2964:
2921:
2917:Wayback Machine
2908:
2898:Socialstyrelsen
2892:
2869:
2865:
2814:
2808:
2793:
2786:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2738:
2732:
2715:
2674:
2668:
2653:
2646:
2631:
2598:
2592:
2569:
2562:
2511:
2458:
2452:
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2431:
2426:
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2414:
2406:
2402:
2392:
2390:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2297:
2293:
2285:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2238:, pp. 5–6.
2234:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2159:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2109:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2074:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2014:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1885:
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1873:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1845:
1837:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1808:
1804:
1796:
1792:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1748:
1741:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1714:
1706:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1554:
1545:
1537:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1385:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1354:, pp. 6–7.
1350:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1302:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1196:
1188:
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1123:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1027:
1026:
1017:
1009:
1002:
998:, pp. 7–8.
994:
987:
979:
970:
962:
958:
950:
946:
942:
937:
936:
927:
923:
914:
910:
905:
900:
883:
852:Kerstin Wigzell
824:
757:stress response
751:discovered the
733:
728:
715:
702:
669:
634:
612:
599:sleep disorders
585:health-economic
568:
552:avstämningsmöte
519:Psychoeducation
516:
511:
468:
440:burnout concept
395:
359:
336:
306:
258:sleep disorders
250:
227:and individual
221:psychoeducation
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3035:
3033:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:
2998:
2985:
2979:
2962:
2934:(5): 331–342.
2919:
2906:
2890:
2863:
2812:
2806:
2784:
2760:
2754:
2736:
2730:
2713:
2687:(6): 626–636.
2672:
2666:
2644:
2629:
2596:
2590:
2582:10.2806/957351
2572:. Luxembourg:
2560:
2524:(2): 175–191.
2509:
2456:
2450:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2412:
2400:
2382:(in Swedish).
2380:Läkartidningen
2366:
2355:(in Swedish).
2353:Läkartidningen
2333:
2303:
2291:
2276:
2264:
2260:Herlofson 2014
2252:
2248:Herlofson 2014
2240:
2228:
2224:Lindsäter 2020
2216:
2214:, p. 626.
2204:
2186:(in Swedish).
2183:Läkartidningen
2165:
2148:
2136:
2124:
2107:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2056:
2044:
2032:
2020:
2005:
1993:
1978:
1966:
1962:Lindsäter 2020
1954:
1942:
1938:Lindsäter 2020
1930:
1915:
1903:
1899:Lindsäter 2020
1891:
1879:
1877:, p. 183.
1867:
1865:, p. 338.
1855:
1853:, p. 336.
1843:
1826:
1814:
1812:, p. 335.
1802:
1798:Lindsäter 2020
1790:
1778:
1776:, p. 333.
1766:
1754:
1752:, p. 339.
1739:
1727:
1712:
1697:
1685:
1673:
1669:Eurofound 2018
1661:
1649:
1634:
1622:
1620:, p. 176.
1610:
1608:, p. 631.
1598:
1560:
1558:, p. 175.
1543:
1526:
1524:, p. 2–3.
1514:
1502:
1498:Lindsäter 2020
1487:
1475:
1473:, p. 628.
1458:
1454:Eurofound 2018
1446:
1434:
1422:
1410:
1398:
1383:
1356:
1344:
1332:
1320:
1308:
1293:
1281:
1269:
1257:
1245:
1233:
1221:
1209:
1194:
1182:
1170:
1155:
1136:
1121:
1109:
1105:Herlofson 2014
1097:
1080:
1068:
1056:
1038:(in Swedish).
1035:Läkartidningen
1015:
1013:, p. 340.
1000:
985:
983:, p. 117.
968:
966:, p. 184.
956:
943:
941:
938:
935:
934:
921:
907:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
823:
820:
741:psychoanalysis
732:
729:
727:
724:
714:
711:
701:
698:
668:
665:
633:
630:
611:
608:
567:
564:
515:
512:
510:
507:
467:
464:
432:medicalization
394:
393:Classification
391:
357:
352:hypothyroidism
335:
332:
305:
302:
249:
246:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
121:
115:
114:
111:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
81:
75:
74:
57:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
33:
29:
28:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3034:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3001:
2999:9789177413738
2995:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2980:9789144161433
2976:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2807:9789178316670
2803:
2799:
2796:. Stockholm:
2792:
2791:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2748:(SBU). 2022.
2747:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2731:9789127135796
2727:
2723:
2719:
2718:Minipsykiatri
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2651:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2611:(1): 86–104.
2610:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2567:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2444:(SBU). 2014.
2443:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2422:, p. 18.
2421:
2420:Jernberg 2021
2416:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2401:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2320:AllmänMedicin
2317:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2301:, p. 19.
2300:
2295:
2292:
2289:, p. 16.
2288:
2287:Jernberg 2021
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2253:
2250:, p. 94.
2249:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2229:
2226:, p. 16.
2225:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2163:, p. 22.
2162:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2146:, p. 21.
2145:
2140:
2137:
2134:, p. 19.
2133:
2132:Jernberg 2021
2128:
2125:
2122:, p. 20.
2121:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2105:, p. 13.
2104:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2081:
2078:, p. 37.
2077:
2072:
2069:
2066:, p. 35.
2065:
2060:
2057:
2054:, p. 52.
2053:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2033:
2030:, p. 28.
2029:
2024:
2021:
2018:, p. 17.
2017:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2003:, p. 24.
2002:
1997:
1994:
1991:, p. 14.
1990:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1964:, p. 12.
1963:
1958:
1955:
1952:, p. 21.
1951:
1946:
1943:
1940:, p. 18.
1939:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1800:, p. 29.
1799:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1767:
1764:, p. 64.
1763:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1725:, p. 17.
1724:
1723:Jernberg 2021
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1683:, p. 12.
1682:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1659:, p. 78.
1658:
1657:Währborg 2023
1653:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1630:Währborg 2023
1626:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1541:, p. 87.
1540:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1503:
1500:, p. 15.
1499:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1485:, p. 15.
1484:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1442:Währborg 2023
1438:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1418:Währborg 2023
1414:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1396:, p. 11.
1395:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1370:AllmänMedicin
1367:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1318:, p. 79.
1317:
1316:Währborg 2023
1312:
1309:
1306:, p. 63.
1305:
1304:Währborg 2023
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1282:
1279:, p. 33.
1278:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1255:, p. 62.
1254:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1234:
1231:, p. 61.
1230:
1229:Währborg 2023
1225:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1207:, p. 11.
1206:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1192:, p. 41.
1191:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1171:
1168:, p. 11.
1167:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1134:, p. 14.
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:Währborg 2023
1113:
1110:
1107:, p. 95.
1106:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1078:, p. 15.
1077:
1072:
1069:
1066:, p. 17.
1065:
1060:
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340:Blood samples
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331:
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324:basal ganglia
321:
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2649:
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2608:
2604:
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2379:
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2071:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2023:
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1969:
1957:
1945:
1933:
1928:, p. 9.
1913:, p. 5.
1906:
1894:
1882:
1870:
1858:
1846:
1841:, p. 8.
1817:
1805:
1793:
1781:
1769:
1757:
1737:, p. 2.
1730:
1688:
1676:
1671:, p. 9.
1664:
1652:
1647:, p. 7.
1625:
1613:
1601:
1576:
1517:
1505:
1478:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1413:
1408:, p. 8.
1401:
1369:
1359:
1347:
1342:, p. 6.
1335:
1330:, p. 7.
1323:
1311:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1212:
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1173:
1153:, p. 4.
1112:
1100:
1095:, p. 1.
1071:
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1033:
959:
954:, p. 7.
947:
924:
911:
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863:
847:
839:Marie Ă…sberg
832:
825:
810:in 1980. In
781:
737:neurasthenia
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716:
706:kindergarten
703:
700:Risk factors
670:
661:chronic pain
650:
646:primary care
641:
635:
632:Epidemiology
621:
613:
604:
573:
569:
545:
517:
484:
469:
444:neurasthenia
436:
416:
402:
396:
384:
376:fibromyalgia
337:
307:
286:
266:
251:
214:
195:
155:
151:
147:
146:
109:Risk factors
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884: [
761:Claude Veil
284:disorders.
132:Symptomatic
32:Other names
3011:Categories
2907:9172017864
2236:Glise 2013
1708:Glise 2013
1681:Glise 2013
1394:Glise 2013
1328:Glise 2013
1178:Glise 2013
1132:Glise 2014
898:References
843:Ă…ke Nygren
837:. Doctors
816:ergonomics
749:Hans Selye
731:Background
667:Sick leave
638:prevalence
360:deficiency
298:chest pain
281:depression
206:sick leave
190:utbrändhet
181:depression
138:Prevalence
72:psychiatry
2950:1650-1977
2886:1654-8574
2841:2056-4724
2780:0280-9702
2701:0036-5564
2625:0267-8373
2538:1532-7558
2487:1660-4601
2388:1652-7518
2361:0023-7205
2328:0281-3513
2197:24 August
2192:1652-7518
1593:1556-5068
1378:0281-3513
1044:1652-7518
940:Citations
610:Prognosis
594:cognition
509:Treatment
408:dysthymia
356:vitamin B
334:Diagnosis
277:dizziness
273:headaches
176:cognitive
128:Treatment
85:cognitive
55:Specialty
2958:30882887
2913:Archived
2900:. 2003.
2880:. 2020.
2859:36458830
2709:26496458
2556:37308772
2547:11001660
2505:34199050
892:validity
653:diabetes
642:symptoms
566:Evidence
387:cortisol
372:diabetes
328:amygdala
311:HPA axis
123:Clinical
92:Duration
79:Symptoms
2850:9438479
2496:8297286
2429:Sources
930:burnout
858:of the
808:DSM III
794:or the
784:burnout
726:History
677:Regions
548:Swedish
446:in the
403:F43.8A.
290:anxiety
269:fatigue
254:disease
160:Swedish
141:unknown
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399:ICD-10
380:ME/CFS
304:Causes
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100:Causes
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2393:8 May
2349:(PDF)
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903:Notes
888:]
294:panic
2994:ISBN
2975:ISBN
2954:PMID
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