88:
36:
1298:, which provides an additional 13,600 kilograms (30,000 pounds). At liftoff, these engines will generate a total of 130,000 kilograms (290,000 pounds) of thrust. Simorgh is capable of putting a 350-kilogram (770 lb) payload into a 500-kilometer (310-mile) low Earth orbit. In 2015, Israeli media reported the missile is capable of taking a crewed spacecraft or satellite into space. The first flight of the Simorgh rocket occurred on 19 April 2016.
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1080:, which will replace the H-IIA and H-IIIB; the H3 is a liquid-fueled launch vehicle developed from a completely new design like the H-II, rather than an improved development like the H-IIA and H-IIB, which were based on the H-II. The design goal of the H3 is to increase launch capability at a lower cost than the H-IIA and H-IIB. To achieve this, an
1035:
In
November 2003, JAXA's first launch after its inauguration, H-IIA No. 6, failed, but all other H-IIA launches were successful, and as of February 2024, the H-IIA had successfully launched 47 of its 48 launches. JAXA plans to end H-IIA operations with H-IIA Flight No. 50 and retire it by March 2025.
1293:
was built. Its mission is to carry heavier satellites into orbit. The
Simorgh rocket is 27 meters (89 feet) long, and has a mass of 77 tonnes (85 tons). Its first stage is powered by four main engines, each generating up to 29,000 kilograms (64,000 pounds) of thrust, plus a fifth which will be used
1073:
In
January 2017, JAXA attempted and failed to put a miniature satellite into orbit atop one of its SS520 series rockets. A second attempt on 2 February 2018 was successful, putting a four kilogram CubeSat into Earth orbit. The rocket, known as the SS-520-5, is the world's smallest orbital launcher.
945:
During the 1960s and 1970s, India initiated its own launch vehicle program in alignment with its geopolitical and economic considerations. In the 1960s–1970s, the country India started with a sounding rocket in the 1960s and 1970s and advanced its research to deliver the
Satellite Launch Vehicle-3
1373:
The development of the Shavit began in 1983 and its operational capabilities were proven on three successful launches of the Ofek satellites on
September 19, 1988; April 3, 1990; and April 5, 1995. The Shavit launchers allows low-cost and high-reliability launch of micro/mini satellites to a
1258:. Measuring 22 m in height with a core diameter of 1.25 m, with two liquid propellant stages, a single thrust chambered first stage and a two-thrust chambered, step-throttled second stage, the SLV has a lift off mass exceeding 26 tons. The first stage consists of a lengthened up-rated
1031:
solid-fuel launch vehicle, and several observation rockets from each agency. The H-IIA is a launch vehicle that improved reliability while reducing costs by making significant improvements to the H-II, and the M-V was the world's largest solid-fuel launch vehicle at the time.
1004:, introduced in 1994. NASDA developed the H-II with two goals in mind: to be able to launch satellites using only its own technology, such as the ISAS, and to dramatically improve its launch capability over previous licensed models. To achieve these two goals, a
698:
Intended for launch of
Chinese space station modules. Payload capacity up to 14 tons in LEO and 9000 (kN) liftoff thrust developed by 12 rocket engines, with enlarged fairing of 5.20 m in diameter and length of 12.39 m to accommodate large
562:
European space launches are carried out as a collaborative effort between private companies and government agencies. The role of
Arianespace is to market Ariane 6 launch services, prepare missions, and manage customer relations. At the
1554:
493:
and therefore may have a lower production cost. Furthermore, an ELV can use its entire fuel supply to accelerate its payload, offering greater payloads. ELVs are proven technology in widespread use for many decades.
1378:. The Shavit launcher is developed by Malam factory, one of four factories in the IAI Electronics Group. The factory is very experienced in development, assembling, testing and operating system for use in space.
4246:
This
Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future
2193:
755:
or Small Launch
Vehicle; small-lift kerolox LV with short launch preparation period, low cost and high reliability, to meet the launch need of small satellites up to 500 kg to 700 km
1315:
On 2 February 2013, the head of the
Iranian Space Agency, Hamid Fazeli mentioned that the new satellite launch vehicle, Qoqnoos will be used after the Simorgh SLV for heavier payloads.
4787:
864:
medium-lift liquid fuel (methalox) launch vehicle by private firm currently in service (first methane fueled rocket in the world to reach space and to reach orbit with payload)
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1401:. The next generation Shavit rockets, now called the Shavit-2 are being developed. The Shavit-2 is said to be made available for commercial launches in the near future.
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without escape tower, specially used for launching robotic missions such as Shenzhou cargo and space laboratory module with payload capacity up to 11.2 tons in LEO
1020:
was carried over to its successor, the H-IIA and H-IIB and became the basic configuration of Japan's liquid fuel launch vehicles for 30 years, from 1994 to 2024.
1263:
444:
1992:
1195:
flew successfully in November 2022 after delays of more than six years. It is planned to serve in a major role on crewed exploration programs going forward.
1266:, it is a two-stage rocket with all liquid propellant engines. The first stage is capable of carrying the payload to the maximum altitude of 68 kilometres.
4249:
Symbol indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)
397:
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1136:. Two modifications of the Soyuz, the Soyuz-2.1a and Soyuz-2.1b have already been successfully tested, enhancing the launch capacity to 8.5 tons to LEO.
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As of May 2021, Arianespace had launched more than 850 satellites in 287 missions spanning 41 years. The company's first commercial launch was
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of solid-fueled launch vehicles, while NASDA developed larger liquid-fueled launchers. In the beginning, NASDA used licensed American models.
489:. However, there are many instances where a ELV may still have a compelling use case over a reusable vehicle. ELVs are simpler in design than
4345:
4280:
402:
2405:
2373:
2132:"Iran launches spacecraft carrying animals / Space program breakthroughs signal the dawn of a new era of national development: Ahmadinejad"
1931:
1427:
1023:
In 2003, JAXA was formed by merging Japan's three space agencies to streamline Japan's space program, and JAXA took over operations of the
792:
super heavy-lift launch vehicle with a LEO lift capability of 150 tonnes currently under development (planned to be fully reusable in time)
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1520:
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842:
reusable vertically-launched spaceplane with wings that lands on a runway and currently in service (speculated to be similar to the US
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913:
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392:
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medium-lift liquid-fueled (methalox) launch vehicle with reusable first stage (VTVL) from private firm currently under development
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477:
that are discarded sequentially as their fuel is exhausted and the vehicle gains altitude and speed. As of 2024, fewer and fewer
1397:. The first and second stage engines are manufactured by Ta'as, and use solid fuel. The third stage engines are manufactured by
1355:
The Israel Space Agency is one of only seven countries that both build their own satellites and launch their own launchers. The
715:
More powerful Long March rockets using larger-size liquid propellant strap-on motors, with payload capacity up to 13 tons in LEO
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1070:. The maiden flight successfully happened in 2013. So far, the rocket has flown six times with one launch failure.
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medium to heavy-lift kerolox launch vehicle with reusable first stage from private firm currently under development
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medium to heavy-lift methalox launch vehicle by private firm with reusable first stage currently under development
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rocket families, have been expendable. As its flagship crewed exploration replacement for the partially reusable
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reusable (1st stage) medium-lift liquid fuel (kerolox) launch vehicle by private firm currently under development
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programs, also launching scientific spacecraft. The vast majority of launch vehicles for its missions, from the
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592:, which took place on 23 May 1984. In addition to its facilities at the CSG, the company's main offices are in
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The rockets themselves are designed and manufactured by other companies: ArianeGroup for the Ariane 6 and
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The Safir-1B is the second generation of Safir SLV and can carry a satellite weighing 60 kg into an
901:
reusable shuttle system with Tianjiao-1 or Chang Cheng-1 (Great Wall-1) orbiters. Project of 1980s-1990s.
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small to medium-lift solid fuel launch vehicle currently in service (by the commercial spin-off of the
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of 300 to 450 km. The thrust of the Safir-1B rocket engine has been increased from 32 to 37 tons.
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medium-lift launch vehicle utilizing liquid fuel (kerolox) with reusable first stage under development
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2021:"Boeing, Lockheed Martin to Form Launch Services Joint Venture | SpaceRef - Your Space Reference"
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571:, the company oversees the team responsible for integrating and preparing launch vehicles.
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small-lift solid-fueled launch vehicle from private firm (relatively high launch cadence)
1000:
The first model of liquid-fueled launch vehicle developed domestically in Japan was the
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that can be launched only once, after which its components are either destroyed during
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To be able to launch smaller mission on JAXA developed a new solid-fueled rocket, the
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2194:"Israel News - is Iran on Its Way to Sending a Man to Outer Space? - JerusalemOnline"
2024:
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Roscosmos uses a family of several launch rockets, the most famous of them being the
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2251:"Details and revealing of Nahid Satellite, Launch of Nahid with Safir B-1 (Persian)"
2139:
1993:"NASA Prepares Rocket, Spacecraft Ahead of Tropical Storm Nicole, Re-targets Launch"
1206:
from the 1994 Evolved ELV (EELV) program remains in active service, operated by the
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is also an ELV customer, having designed the Titan, Atlas, and Delta families. The
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1262:. According to the technical documentation presented in the annual meeting of the
1805:
1118:(or UR-500K) has a lift capacity of over 20 tons to LEO. Smaller rockets include
798:
crew-rated super-heavy launch vehicle for crewed lunar missions under development
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was used for the first time in the world for the first stage of the engine.
1473:"The Rise of Reusable Rockets: Transforming the Economics of Space Travel"
1370:. The Shavit launcher has been used to send every Ofeq satellite to date.
1155:
Several governmental agencies of the United States purchase ELV launches.
950:(ASLV), complete with operational supporting infrastructure by the 1990s.
773:
medium-lift kerolox launch vehicle for launching resupply missions to the
519:
is a French company founded in March 1980 as the world's first commercial
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2221:"Simorgh First Launch – an Iranian Success or Failure? | Defense Update"
1829:"JAXA fails in bid to launch world's smallest satellite-carrying rocket"
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2162:"Israeli TV shows 'Iranian missile' that 'can reach far beyond Europe'"
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2047:"Pentagon picks SpaceX and ULA to remain its primary launch providers"
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variant of the CZ-5 for low Earth orbit payloads (up to 25 tonnes to
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small to medium-lift solid fueled launch vehicle currently in service
556:
552:
528:
1854:"Souped-up sounding rocket lifts off from Japan with tiny satellite"
1214:(NSSL) competition has selected two EELV successors, the expendable
642:
medium-lift sea-launched solid fuel launch vehicle under development
1750:"History and Prospect of Liquid Rocket Engine Development in Japan"
1496:
1124:
Currently rocket development encompasses both a new rocket system,
578:
for the Vega. The launch infrastructure at the CSG is owned by the
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1969:"SLS makes successful debut flight, sending Artemis I to the Moon"
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another current project of two wing-staged reusable shuttle system
706:
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medium-lift kerolox launch vehicle from private firm (in service)
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Iran has developed an expendable satellite launch vehicle named
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medium-lift launch vehicle mainly for launching payloads to
2338:
2074:"Our website is currently undergoing scheduled maintenance"
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heavy-lift hydrolox launch vehicle (with kerolox boosters)
914:
Indian Space Research Organisation § Launch vehicles
473:
or discarded in space. ELVs typically consist of several
1110:
rocket that is capable of launching about 7.5 tons into
804:
crew-rated medium-lift launch vehicle for launching the
648:
small-lift solid-fueled launch vehicle from private firm
627:
able to place a 50 kilogram plus payload to 500 km
2277:"Ahmadinejad to unveil Nahid Satellite soon (English)"
1804:. Mynavi Corporation. 9 September 2020. Archived from
2348:
922:
Comparison of Indian carrier rockets. Left to right:
812:
with reusable first stage currently under development
582:, while the land itself belongs to and is managed by
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818:
small-lift solid fuel quick-response launch vehicle
676:
quick-reaction small-lift solid fuel launch vehicle
27:
Launch system that uses a single use launch vehicle
1908:. Mynavi Corporation. 22 July 2015. Archived from
1882:. Mynavi Corporation. 15 July 2015. Archived from
1016:two-stage combustion cycle first stage engine and
1967:Gebhardt, Chris; Burghardt, Thomas (2022-11-16).
1699:"Evolution of Indian launch vehicle technologies"
1128:, as well as enhancements of the Soyuz rocket,
830:current project of the reusable shuttle system.
4274:
2374:
2106:"Iran unveils three new home-made satellites"
1697:Gupta, S.C.; Suresh, B.N.; Sivan, K. (2007).
1264:United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs
993:rocket. Prior to the merger, ISAS used small
438:
8:
1008:was adopted for the first stage engine, the
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4267:
4259:
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1778:. Nikkei. 12 January 2024. Archived from
1327:Israel Space Agency § Launch capabilities
1433:Comparison of orbital launchers families
1343:
917:
4766:Effect of spaceflight on the human body
1463:
612:Chinese space program § Launch vehicles
547:rocket. Arianespace is a subsidiary of
78:
4788:Psychological and sociological effects
1289:In 2010, a more powerful rocket named
1222:, to provide assured access to space.
2231:from the original on 27 November 2016
2174:from the original on 25 December 2016
2086:from the original on 5 September 2015
1802:"「こうのとり」ミッションの集大成、そして未来へバトンをつないだ最終号機"
828:Project 921-3 Reusable launch vehicle
7:
2406:Comparison of orbital launch systems
2257:from the original on 5 February 2013
2112:from the original on 6 February 2010
1583:. 人民网. June 25, 2008. Archived from
1428:Comparison of orbital launch systems
1051:was responsible for resupplying the
985:Japan launched its first satellite,
586:, the French national space agency.
2354:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries website
1609:. 中国人事报. 2008-03-14. Archived from
4497:Weather and environment monitoring
1725:from the original on 6 August 2020
1310:Iranian Space Agency § Qoqnoos SLV
1284:Iranian Space Agency § Simorgh SLV
1076:In 2023, JAXA began operating the
1027:liquid-fueled launch vehicle, the
948:Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle
767:) as Chief designer of the project
25:
2253:. mehrnews.com. 2 February 2013.
2108:. Payvand.com. 22 November 2006.
806:next-generation crewed spacecraft
485:are launched on ELVs in favor of
5080:
5070:
5069:
1642:, PRC: 中国科学技术协会出版社. p. 17.
1412:
1366:capable of sending payload into
1325:This section is an excerpt from
1308:This section is an excerpt from
1282:This section is an excerpt from
1248:Iranian Space Agency § Safir SLV
1246:This section is an excerpt from
1094:This section is an excerpt from
1066:as a replacement to the retired
959:This section is an excerpt from
610:This section is an excerpt from
508:This section is an excerpt from
414:
43:
34:
5107:Expendable space launch systems
4541:Space launch market competition
4234:Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
2299:"Space launch systems - Shavit"
2279:. mehrnews.com. 2 February 2013
2045:Erwin, Sandra (7 August 2020).
1399:Rafael Advanced Defense Systems
1053:Kibo Japanese Experiment Module
4778:Health threat from cosmic rays
2401:List of orbital launch systems
2219:Eshel, Tamir (24 April 2016).
1212:National Security Space Launch
1151:National Security Space Launch
764:
759:, first flight for 2010; with
667:
1:
1941:. 2 July 2015. Archived from
1776:"H2Aロケット48号機打ち上げ成功 情報収集衛星を搭載"
1159:is a major customer with the
463:expendable launch vehicle/ELV
1674:. 2007-07-11. Archived from
1581:"独家："神八"将用改进型火箭发射 2010年左右首飞"
1557:. 2008-02-04. Archived from
1527:. 2006-11-01. Archived from
1497:"Expendable Launch Vehicles"
1161:Commercial Resupply Services
725:core with two boosters from
4894:Self-replicating spacecraft
4730:International Space Station
1165:Commercial Crew Development
1057:International Space Station
684:Chinese Academy of Sciences
387:List of space organizations
5123:
4408:Space Liability Convention
4224:Medium-lift launch vehicle
1716:Indian Academy of Sciences
1324:
1307:
1281:
1245:
1229:
1144:
1093:
958:
911:
609:
551:, a joint venture between
507:
5064:
4771:Space adaptation syndrome
4242:
4229:Heavy-lift launch vehicle
4219:Small-lift launch vehicle
2396:
1827:Kyodo (15 January 2017).
1752:. J Stage. Archived from
1191:, NASA's newest ELV, the
1012:. The combination of the
961:JAXA § Launch development
721:Launch vehicle combining
4504:Communications satellite
1106:, commonly known as the
487:reusable launch vehicles
459:expendable launch system
5008:reusable launch systems
4625:Extravehicular activity
4536:Commercial use of space
4440:Militarisation of space
4413:Registration Convention
4329:Accidents and incidents
1218:and partially reusable
1200:United States Air Force
1006:staged combustion cycle
989:, in 1970, using ISAS'
521:launch service provider
491:reusable launch systems
117:Timeline of spaceflight
5056:Mission control center
5018:Non-rocket spacelaunch
4452:Billionaire space race
2390:Orbital launch systems
1352:
1341:
1208:United Launch Alliance
982:
972:
946:and the more advanced
942:
775:Tiangong space station
421:Spaceflight portal
337:Non-rocket spacelaunch
107:History of spaceflight
91:
4906:Spacecraft propulsion
4356:European Space Agency
1906:"新型基幹ロケット「H3」の挑戦 2/5"
1880:"新型基幹ロケット「H3」の挑戦 1/5"
1668:"国际空间大学公众论坛关注中国航天（3）"
1448:Spacecraft propulsion
1390:based on the 2-stage
1382:triple-stage launcher
1347:
1336:
1045:H-II Transfer Vehicle
1018:solid rocket boosters
980:H-II Transfer Vehicle
978:
970:
921:
846:in form and function)
619:Active/under research
580:European Space Agency
90:
4531:Satellite navigation
1912:on 28 September 2017
1886:on 12 September 2017
1561:on February 13, 2009
1226:Iranian Space Agency
1122:and other Stations.
1082:expander bleed cycle
57:rocket (left) and a
4916:Electric propulsion
4603:Life-support system
4487:Imagery and mapping
4447:Private spaceflight
2344:Arianespace website
2167:The Times of Israel
2142:on 12 February 2010
1973:NASASpaceFlight.com
1932:"新型基幹ロケットの開発状況について"
1808:on 26 February 2023
1782:on 13 February 2024
1756:on 29 December 2021
1531:on February 7, 2008
1471:Resource, K. D. C.
1320:Israel Space Agency
1193:Space Launch System
1147:Space Launch System
1096:Roscosmos § Rockets
895:/UDMH second stage.
840:Reusable spaceplane
565:Guiana Space Centre
259:Apollo Lunar Module
4869:Robotic spacecraft
4795:Space and survival
4650:Space colonization
4546:Space architecture
4398:Outer Space Treaty
3396:v1.2 "Full Thrust"
2225:defense-update.com
1420:Spaceflight portal
1353:
1342:
1039:JAXA operated the
983:
973:
943:
594:Évry-Courcouronnes
523:. It operates two
216:Robotic spacecraft
92:
5094:
5093:
5041:Flight controller
4818:
4817:
4576:Human spaceflight
4551:Space exploration
4477:Earth observation
4256:
4255:
2001:. 8 November 2022
1948:on 6 January 2023
1937:(Press release).
1860:. 2 February 2018
1714:(12). Bangalore:
1632:中国科学技术协会 (2007).
1395:ballistic missile
875:Cancelled/retired
533:small-lift rocket
498:Current operators
455:
454:
349:Spaceflight types
293:
292:
250:Crewed spacecraft
242:
241:
157:Earth observation
18:Expendable rocket
16:(Redirected from
5114:
5084:
5073:
5072:
4783:Space psychology
4608:Animals in space
4581:
4561:Space technology
4403:Rescue Agreement
4283:
4276:
4269:
4260:
4105:Universal Rocket
2476:Falcon 9 Block 5
2383:
2376:
2369:
2360:
2327:
2326:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2196:. Archived from
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2138:. Archived from
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2023:. Archived from
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1947:
1936:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1746:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1703:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1678:on March 3, 2016
1664:
1658:
1657:
1652:. Archived from
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1587:on June 10, 2016
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1501:spacetethers.com
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1468:
1443:Lists of rockets
1422:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1385:solid propellant
1380:The Shavit is a
1296:attitude control
1270:elliptical orbit
1236:Simorgh (rocket)
1169:Redstone missile
1049:cargo spacecraft
1047:six times. This
995:Mu rocket family
971:H-IIA F19 launch
887:but with a new N
766:
669:
625:Air-Launched SLV
483:human spacecraft
447:
440:
433:
419:
418:
417:
244:
233:Cargo spacecraft
210:
67:
47:
38:
21:
5122:
5121:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5060:
5027:
4999:Escape velocity
4980:
4932:
4899:Space telescope
4852:Reentry capsule
4814:
4754:
4659:
4630:Overview effect
4613:Bioastronautics
4570:
4458:
4292:
4287:
4257:
4252:
4238:
4214:Sounding rocket
4202:
3052:
2826:
2410:
2392:
2387:
2335:
2330:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2030:
2028:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1975:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1858:Spaceflight Now
1852:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1833:The Japan Times
1826:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1707:Current Science
1701:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1650:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1607:"让年轻人与航天事业共同成长"
1605:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1562:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1481:
1479:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1376:low Earth orbit
1368:low Earth orbit
1330:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1287:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1251:
1243:
1238:
1230:Main articles:
1228:
1153:
1145:Main articles:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1112:low Earth orbit
1099:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1014:liquid hydrogen
964:
956:
916:
910:
905:
904:
894:
890:
877:
621:
615:
607:
602:
601:
525:launch vehicles
513:
505:
500:
451:
415:
413:
408:
407:
388:
380:
379:
350:
342:
341:
332:Escape velocity
327:launch vehicles
305:
295:
294:
289:
288:
252:
238:
237:
218:
207:
197:
196:
147:
137:
136:
102:
65:
64:
63:
62:
50:
49:
48:
40:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5120:
5118:
5110:
5109:
5099:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5077:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5046:Ground station
5043:
5037:
5035:
5033:Ground segment
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5001:
4996:
4990:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4966:Interplanetary
4963:
4962:
4961:
4959:Geosynchronous
4956:
4946:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4926:Gravity assist
4923:
4918:
4913:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4866:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4857:Service module
4854:
4849:
4847:Orbital module
4839:
4834:
4832:Launch vehicle
4828:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4810:Space sexology
4807:
4802:
4800:Space medicine
4797:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4780:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4715:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4635:Weightlessness
4632:
4627:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4587:
4585:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4556:Space research
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4492:Reconnaissance
4489:
4484:
4474:
4468:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4361:European Union
4358:
4353:
4348:
4338:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4263:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4151:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4134:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3933:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3740:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3637:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3615:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
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3511:
3506:
3496:
3491:
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3489:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3405:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3229:
3224:
3219:
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3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
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3162:
3157:
3147:
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3145:
3140:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2954:
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2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
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2917:
2912:
2907:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2831:In development
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2812:
2810:Vulcan Centaur
2807:
2806:
2805:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2753:
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2696:
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2647:
2642:
2637:
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2627:
2622:
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2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2567:
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2555:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
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2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2334:
2333:External links
2331:
2329:
2328:
2312:
2290:
2268:
2242:
2211:
2200:on 1 July 2015
2185:
2153:
2123:
2097:
2065:
2037:
2012:
1984:
1959:
1923:
1897:
1871:
1845:
1819:
1793:
1767:
1736:
1689:
1659:
1656:on 2008-09-11.
1649:978-7504648662
1648:
1624:
1598:
1572:
1551:"CZ-2EA地面风载试验"
1542:
1521:"空射运载火箭亮相珠海航展"
1512:
1488:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1438:Launch vehicle
1435:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1407:
1404:
1364:launch vehicle
1331:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1288:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1252:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1232:Safir (rocket)
1227:
1224:
1216:Vulcan Centaur
1142:
1139:
1100:
1092:
1090:
1087:
965:
957:
955:
952:
912:Main article:
909:
906:
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888:
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865:
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655:
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637:
631:
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596:, a suburb of
517:Arianespace SA
514:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
467:launch vehicle
453:
452:
450:
449:
442:
435:
427:
424:
423:
410:
409:
406:
405:
400:
395:
393:Space agencies
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
372:
367:
365:Interplanetary
362:
357:
351:
348:
347:
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339:
334:
329:
317:
312:
306:
301:
300:
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291:
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281:
276:
274:Space stations
271:
266:
264:Space capsules
261:
256:
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159:
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152:Communications
148:
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139:
138:
135:
134:
129:
127:Lunar missions
124:
119:
114:
109:
103:
98:
97:
94:
93:
83:
82:
76:
75:
61:rocket (right)
55:Delta IV Heavy
52:
51:
42:
41:
33:
32:
31:
30:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
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5019:
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5009:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4994:Direct ascent
4992:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4976:Intergalactic
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4947:
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4927:
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4911:Rocket engine
4909:
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4882:
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4862:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
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4842:Space capsule
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4805:Space nursing
4803:
4801:
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4793:
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4785:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4772:
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4759:Health issues
4757:
4751:
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4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4724:
4721:
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4713:Space Shuttle
4711:
4707:
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4682:
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4645:Space tourism
4643:
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4611:
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4597:
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4566:Space weather
4564:
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4430:Space command
4428:
4427:
4426:
4425:Space warfare
4423:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
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4399:
4396:
4395:
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4386:United States
4384:
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4364:
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4307:
4305:
4304:Astrodynamics
4302:
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4279:
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4138:
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4110:UR-500 Proton
4108:
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3896:Space Shuttle
3894:
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3808:
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3803:
3800:
3798:
3797:Blue Scout II
3795:
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2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
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2499:
2497:
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2489:
2487:
2486:Firefly Alpha
2484:
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2479:
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2107:
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2098:
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2075:
2069:
2066:
2054:
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2048:
2041:
2038:
2027:on 2012-12-09
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2016:
2013:
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1641:
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1628:
1625:
1613:on 2011-07-15
1612:
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1560:
1556:
1555:中国空气动力研究与发展中心
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1190:
1189:Space Shuttle
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1141:United States
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:Proton rocket
1113:
1109:
1105:
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748:
744:
741:
738:
735:
733:
732:Long March 4C
730:
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5003:
4986:Space launch
4971:Interstellar
4937:Destinations
4706:Apollo–Soyuz
4655:Space diving
4640:Space toilet
4464:Applications
4381:Soviet Union
4341:Space policy
4336:Space launch
4004:Thorad-Agena
3677:Soyuz/Vostok
2481:Falcon Heavy
2322:
2315:
2303:. Retrieved
2293:
2281:. Retrieved
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2224:
2214:
2202:. Retrieved
2198:the original
2188:
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2140:the original
2136:Tehran Times
2135:
2126:
2114:. Retrieved
2100:
2088:. Retrieved
2068:
2056:. Retrieved
2050:
2040:
2029:. Retrieved
2025:the original
2015:
2003:. Retrieved
1996:
1987:
1976:. Retrieved
1972:
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1943:the original
1926:
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1910:the original
1900:
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1884:the original
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1857:
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1822:
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1806:the original
1796:
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1770:
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1754:the original
1727:. Retrieved
1711:
1705:
1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1676:the original
1672:People Daily
1662:
1654:the original
1635:航天科学技术学科发展报告
1634:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1611:the original
1601:
1589:. Retrieved
1585:the original
1575:
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1559:the original
1545:
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1529:the original
1515:
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1500:
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1477:KDC Resource
1476:
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1372:
1354:
1253:
1197:
1154:
1101:
1072:
1061:
1038:
1034:
1022:
999:
984:
944:
761:Fan Ruixiang
664:Kaituozhe-1A
573:
561:
515:
462:
458:
456:
398:Space forces
370:Interstellar
319:
303:Space launch
145:Applications
122:Space probes
4944:Sub-orbital
4879:Space probe
4745:New Shepard
4723:Shuttle–Mir
4482:Archaeology
4435:Space force
4418:Moon Treaty
4290:Spaceflight
3494:LauncherOne
3445:Kaituozhe-1
3222:Black Arrow
2974:Orbex Prime
2873:Hyperbola-2
2838:Antares 330
2538:Kaituozhe 2
2511:Hyperbola-1
2349:ESA website
2339:ULA website
2305:19 November
2283:17 November
1952:21 February
1916:21 February
1890:21 February
1812:21 February
1786:21 February
1760:21 February
1453:Spaceflight
1114:(LEO). The
899:Project 869
883:based on a
652:Hyperbola-3
646:Hyperbola-1
549:ArianeGroup
510:Arianespace
503:Arianespace
355:Sub-orbital
279:Spaceplanes
228:Space probe
162:Exploration
80:Spaceflight
5013:Launch pad
5004:Expendable
4954:Geocentric
4921:Solar sail
4864:Spaceplane
4824:Spacecraft
4618:Space suit
4596:commercial
4524:Television
4319:Space Race
3499:Long March
3403:Feng Bao 1
3016:Tianlong-3
2942:New Line 1
2900:Long March
2848:Cyclone-4M
2788:Tianlong-2
2766:2.1b / STB
2761:2.1a / STA
2704:Pegasus XL
2570:Long March
2543:Kinetica 1
2466:Chollima-1
2323:Britannica
2320:"Shavit",
2261:3 February
2235:29 October
2204:29 January
2178:29 January
2146:6 February
2116:6 February
2031:2006-02-28
2005:8 November
1978:2022-11-19
1864:7 February
1838:16 January
1506:2018-12-31
1482:2024-04-10
1459:References
1392:Jericho-II
856:Tianlong 3
850:Tianlong 2
699:spacecraft
590:Spacenet 1
545:heavy-lift
479:satellites
320:Expendable
315:Launch pad
205:Spacecraft
187:Telescopes
182:Settlement
177:Navigation
112:Space Race
5023:Spaceport
4874:Satellite
4591:Astronaut
4519:Telephone
4472:Astronomy
4393:Space law
4346:Australia
3598:Paektusan
3227:Conestoga
2984:Red Dwarf
2937:New Glenn
2868:Gravity-2
2858:Epsilon S
2491:Gravity-1
2058:24 August
2052:SpaceNews
1260:Shahab-3C
1256:Safir SLV
1134:Soyuz-2-3
1089:Roscosmos
705:Modified
658:Jielong 3
640:Gravity-1
567:(CSG) in
403:Companies
310:Spaceport
223:Satellite
167:Espionage
5101:Category
5075:Category
4740:Tiangong
4735:Shenzhou
4664:Programs
4509:Internet
4314:Timeline
4142:original
4132:Vanguard
4115:Proton-K
4088:original
3936:Ablestar
3921:Terran 1
3879:original
3738:Rocket 3
3645:original
3455:original
3381:Falcon 9
3376:Falcon 1
3332:IV Heavy
3048:Zuljanah
3011:Terran R
2994:Block 1B
2979:Pallas-1
2883:Kuaizhou
2843:Bloostar
2783:Starship
2734:Shavit 2
2719:Qaem 100
2709:Proton-M
2667:Minotaur
2548:Kuaizhou
2471:Electron
2439:Ariane 6
2301:. Deagel
2255:Archived
2229:Archived
2172:Archived
2110:Archived
2090:15 March
2081:Archived
1729:17 March
1720:Archived
1718:: 1697.
1682:July 13,
1617:July 19,
1591:June 26,
1565:June 30,
1406:See also
1351:launcher
1220:Falcon 9
868:Zhuque-3
862:Zhuque-2
822:Pallas-1
713:CZ-3B(A)
696:CZ-2E(A)
690:Lijian-2
680:Lijian-1
674:Kuaizhou
537:Ariane 6
324:reusable
172:Military
72:a series
70:Part of
59:Proton-M
4949:Orbital
4750:Artemis
4681:Voskhod
4676:Mercury
4584:General
4324:Records
4309:History
4297:General
4207:Classes
4078:Tsyklon
3916:Start-1
3687:Voskhod
3682:Sputnik
3618:Molniya
3603:Pilot-2
3440:Juno II
3354:Epsilon
3349:Energia
3339:Diamant
3215:Centaur
3064:Antares
3057:Retired
3006:Soyuz-7
2999:Block 2
2932:Neutron
2922:Miura 5
2756:Soyuz-2
2749:Block 1
2739:Simorgh
2516:Jielong
2444:Atlas V
2415:Current
1640:Beijing
1388:booster
1303:Qoqnoos
1291:Simorgh
1277:Simorgh
1204:Atlas V
1171:to the
1130:Soyuz-2
1064:Epsilon
1055:on the
834:Tengyun
703:CZ-2F/G
634:Ceres-1
471:reentry
465:) is a
360:Orbital
192:Tourism
100:History
5086:Portal
5079:
5068:
4884:Lander
4837:Rocket
4701:Skylab
4696:Apollo
4686:Gemini
4671:Vostok
4376:Russia
4191:Zhuque
4125:Strela
4083:R-36-O
4026:II GLV
4014:SLV-2H
4009:SLV-2G
3997:DSV-2U
3975:Burner
3911:SS-520
3906:Sparta
3874:Shavit
3765:Saturn
3726:Shtil'
3692:Vostok
3635:Polyot
3593:Naro-1
3482:Lambda
3450:Kosmos
3435:Juno I
3359:Europa
3133:Athena
3096:Ariane
3036:Zhuque
3026:Vega E
2878:Irtysh
2815:Zhuque
2533:KAIROS
2422:Angara
1646:
1535:May 3,
1357:Shavit
1349:Shavit
1340:Rocket
1338:Shavit
1210:. The
1185:Saturn
1126:Angara
987:Ohsumi
802:CZ-10A
786:orbits
668:开拓者一号甲
557:Safran
553:Airbus
541:medium
535:, and
529:Vega C
284:Vostok
4889:Rover
4691:Soyuz
4514:Radio
4371:Japan
4366:India
4351:China
4154:Zenit
4149:VLS-1
4120:Rokot
4021:Titan
3992:Delta
3953:Agena
3901:SPARK
3787:Scout
3743:Safir
3731:Volna
3640:Soyuz
3430:H-IIB
3344:Dnepr
3232:Delta
3210:Agena
3200:SLV-3
3195:LV-3B
3150:Atlas
2724:Qased
2699:OS-M1
2501:H-IIA
2449:Ceres
2084:(PDF)
2077:(PDF)
1946:(PDF)
1935:(PDF)
1723:(PDF)
1702:(PDF)
1361:space
1359:is a
1241:Safir
1181:Titan
1177:Atlas
1173:Delta
1120:Rokot
1108:Soyuz
1041:H-IIB
1025:H-IIA
940:LVM 3
881:CZ-1D
844:X-37B
816:CZ-11
796:CZ-10
743:CZ-5B
727:CZ-2E
723:CZ-3B
719:CZ-3C
707:CZ-2F
605:China
598:Paris
5051:Pass
5006:and
4179:3SLB
4137:Vega
4066:CT-3
4051:IIIE
4046:IIID
4041:IIIC
4036:IIIB
4031:IIIA
3931:Able
3926:Thor
3827:X-2B
3817:X-3M
3807:X-2M
3721:R-29
3613:Luna
3588:N-II
3566:3SII
3465:2/2I
3425:H-II
3413:Mk I
3408:GSLV
3391:v1.1
3386:v1.0
3312:5000
3307:4000
3302:3000
3297:2000
3292:1000
3287:0100
3205:Able
3128:ASLV
3089:230+
3031:Zero
2957:OS-M
2952:Nova
2947:NGLV
2863:Eris
2853:Deca
2798:Vega
2793:Unha
2778:SSLV
2771:2-1v
2714:PSLV
2694:Nuri
2662:LVM3
2595:3B/E
2496:GSLV
2307:2013
2285:2022
2263:2013
2237:2016
2206:2015
2180:2015
2148:2010
2118:2010
2092:2009
2060:2022
2007:2022
1998:NASA
1954:2024
1939:JAXA
1918:2024
1892:2024
1866:2018
1840:2017
1814:2024
1788:2024
1762:2024
1731:2021
1684:2007
1644:ISBN
1619:2008
1593:2008
1567:2008
1537:2008
1294:for
1234:and
1198:The
1183:and
1163:and
1157:NASA
1149:and
1132:and
1010:LE-7
1002:H-II
991:L-4S
954:JAXA
936:GSLV
932:PSLV
928:ASLV
908:ISRO
885:CZ-1
810:LEOs
790:CZ-9
780:CZ-8
771:CZ-7
753:CZ-6
737:CZ-5
584:CNES
576:Avio
555:and
543:-to-
539:, a
531:, a
481:and
461:(or
322:and
4718:Mir
4174:3SL
4169:2FG
4061:23G
4056:34D
3891:SLV
3867:G-1
3862:F-1
3857:E-1
3852:A-1
3847:D-1
3842:B-1
3822:X-4
3812:X-3
3802:X-2
3792:X-1
3608:R-7
3583:N-I
3420:H-I
3322:III
3190:III
3165:E/F
3084:230
3079:130
3074:120
3069:110
3021:VLM
2989:SLS
2927:MLV
2744:SLS
2729:RS1
2655:11H
2427:1.2
1525:新华网
1104:R-7
1068:M-V
1029:M-V
924:SLV
808:to
784:SSO
765:范瑞祥
757:SSO
747:LEO
629:SSO
457:An
5103::
4184:3F
4164:2M
4071:IV
3775:IB
3758:1B
3753:1A
3712:2M
3670:U2
3650:FG
3578:N1
3561:3S
3556:3H
3551:3C
3546:4S
3541:Mu
3534:4A
3529:3B
3519:2E
3514:2A
3509:1D
3487:4S
3475:3M
3369:II
3327:IV
3317:II
3185:II
3143:II
2915:12
2910:10
2893:31
2888:21
2677:IV
2650:11
2640:7A
2630:6A
2620:5B
2610:4C
2605:4B
2600:3C
2590:3A
2585:2F
2580:2D
2575:2C
2563:11
2558:1A
2506:H3
2459:1S
2432:A5
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2170:.
2164:.
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2049:.
1995:.
1971:.
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1831:.
1739:^
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3832:B
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3770:I
3748:1
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3697:L
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3660:M
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3628:L
3623:M
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3504:1
3470:3
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3282:N
3277:M
3272:L
3267:J
3262:G
3257:E
3252:D
3247:C
3242:B
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3160:D
3155:B
3138:I
3121:5
3116:4
3111:3
3106:2
3101:1
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2962:2
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