274:. This initial construction was completed in August 2010, at a cost of $ 234 million. After the cancellation of Constellation and the beginning of SLS, NASA decided to modify ML-1 for SLS. In August 2011, it was estimated that modifying ML-1 would cost $ 54M, modifying the old Space Shuttle launch platform would cost $ 93M, and building a brand new platform would cost $ 122M. However, in March 2020, a report from the NASA Inspector General came out, stating that ML-1 is running 3 years behind schedule and had cost $ 927M in total ($ 234M for the initial construction for Ares, and $ 693M for adapting it for SLS). The program manager of EGS stated in January 2020 that: "The EGS team has finished mobile launcher testing at the launch pad and will finish testing at the VAB in January. At that point, all of the launch infrastructure will be tested and ready for operations." ML-1 is only tall enough to be used for
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27:
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government-only launch complex to a spaceport that can handle several different kinds of spacecraft and rockets—both government and commercial.". The other LC-39 pad, LC-39B, specifically was intended to support multiple users. However, as time went on, the alternate launch vehicles that were to use LC-39B were all eventually removed from the plan or canceled entirely, such as
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that the pad should not be made exclusive, and should be operated by a tenant that would sublease to multiple different users and rockets to take advantage of. However, the GAO rejected this petition and allowed the lease to SpaceX, as there was no stated preference by NASA for or against a multiuser
299:
software shall be used "to better integrate components, manage requirement changes, and provide up-to-date designs for all stakeholders". The GAO report stated: "The improved design processes the EGS program is pursuing in the development of the second Mobile
Launcher, including the development of a
322:
October 17, 2018 – The first high speed retract test was completed on the Orion
Service Module Umbilical (OSMU) on the MLP. The test verified umbilical arm alignment, rotation speed, and latch back systems. The OSMU will transfer power, data, and coolant for the electronics, and purge air for the
212:
Charlie
Blackwell-Thompson, Artemis I launch director, is seen in Firing Room One of the Rocco A. Petrone Launch Control Center as NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) rocket with the Orion spacecraft aboard atop a mobile launcher rolls out of High Bay 3 of the Vehicle Assembly Building for the first
342:
April 15, 2019 – Exploration Ground
Systems' launch team completed their first formal training simulation that will certify the team for the inaugural launch of the Space Launch System (SLS) and Orion spacecraft. The team, led by Launch Director Charlie Blackwell-Thompson, performed a countdown
326:
October 30 – November 6, 2018 – Underway
Recovery Test-7 (URT-7) was conducted in the Pacific Ocean. URT-7 is one in a series of tests that the Exploration Ground Systems Recovery Team, along with the U.S. Navy, are conducting to verify and validate procedures and hardware that will be used to
290:
In
October 2017, it was decided that modifying ML-1 again for the even larger SLS Block 1B was undesirable, as it would induce a 33-month delay between SLS launches to undertake the needed modifications. Congress funded $ 350M in 2018 for construction of ML-2, and in 2019 NASA awarded a $ 383M
177:
EGS was intended in general to "support several different kinds of spacecraft and rockets that are in development ... unlike previous work focusing on a single kind of launch vehicle, such as the Saturn V or Space
Shuttle ... EGS's mission is to transform the center from a historically
346:
July 25, 2019 – A flow test of the
Ignition Overpressure Protection and Sound Suppression water deluge system was conducted on the mobile launcher at Launch Pad 39B. Modifications were made to the pad after a previous wet flow test, increasing the performance of the system.
204:
serves as launch director for NASA's
Exploration Ground Systems Program. She will oversee the countdown and liftoff of NASA's Space Launch System rocket and Orion spacecraft. Named to the position in January 2016, Blackwell-Thompson is NASA's first female launch director.
291:
44-month contract, with completion scheduled for March 2023. ML-2 is expected to run into fewer challenges than ML-1, the
Inspector General report states, as NASA is "taking steps to incorporate lessons learned" from ML-1. For example, as suggested by a June 2019
354:—an uncrewed mission around the Moon and back. Exploration Ground Systems (EGS) has completed modifications and upgrades to the launch pad for the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and Orion spacecraft to help accomplish NASA's lunar exploration goals.
330:
November 19, 2018 – The Crew/Service Module Mock-up and Orion Transportation Pallet (OTP) were successfully moved to the Servicing Stand, as part of the Handling and Access (H&A) subsystem Verification and Validation testing at the
84:
in Florida. EGS was established to develop and operate the systems and facilities necessary to process and launch rockets and spacecraft during assembly, transport and launch. EGS is preparing the infrastructure to support NASA's
383:
that will fly to the Moon on NASA's Artemis 1 mission was lifted atop its Space Launch System (SLS) rocket on October 20, completing major assembly of the full vehicle stack in High Bay 3 of the Vehicle Assembly Building at
338:
December 14, 2018 – Successful countdown demonstration completed, intended to validate the launch team's capability to perform an Artemis 1 countdown and respond to challenges put into the system for practice.
300:
3D model to facilitate integrated design, have the potential to improve program outcomes. Further, achieving design stability before beginning construction would also improve this potential."
335:(MPPF). This testing allowed the Exploration Ground Systems (EGS) team to verify access to several servicing panels on the Orion vehicle, which will be needed to prepare Orion for Artemis 1.
426:. This first flight test of the world’s most powerful rocket sent an uncrewed Orion spacecraft to lunar orbit and back in preparation for sending humans to live and work on the Moon.
278:
of the SLS, so the current manifest calls for it to be used for three missions: Artemis 1 through 3, with the first to be launched in November 2022. Following the launch of
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186:. OmegA was the final removal, with its cancellation and planned demolition of its launch tower in September 2020. This leaves EGS solely focused on supporting the
908:
NASA, on the other hand, will have to add this capability to their SLS rocket, and Mr. Rosati said NASA is tracking that debut for the Artemis 3 mission in 2023.
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165:. However, there were no plans to use this pad, and basic maintenance was costing millions per year. In 2013, NASA signed a long-term lease of LC-39A to
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962:"GAO-19-377, Accessible Version, NASA HUMAN SPACE EXPLORATION: Persistent Delays and Cost Growth Reinforce Concerns over Management of Programs"
813:
609:
592:
Smith, R. Marshall; Gates, Michele; Cassady, Amy; Krezel, Jonathan (June 28, 2018). "An overview of NASA's exploration mission 2 (EM-2)".
97:. Artemis I is the first to launch in a series of increasingly complex missions that will enable human exploration to the Moon and Mars.
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May 6, 2020 – Launch Pad 39B at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida is the site of NASA's return to the Moon and is now ready for
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194:, meaning LC-39B will enjoy at most one launch per year under current launch manifests. In the end, LC-39A is leased exclusively to
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simulation of loading the SLS with liquid oxygen and hydrogen — complete with surprise issues the team had to work real-time.
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on 16th of November 2022, ML-1 sustained minor damaged to some components with 2 elevator doors having been blown out.
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One of the primary activities of EGS has been to prepare all infrastructure needed to launch SLS. SLS will use a
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recover the Orion spacecraft after it lands in the Pacific Ocean following deep space exploration missions.
312:(MLP) arrives at Launch Pad 39B. The ML underwent a fit check, followed by several days of systems testing.
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time to Launch Complex 39B, Thursday, March 17, 2022, at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
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1238:"Ten month schedule to ready SLS for Artemis 1 launch after Core Stage arrives at KSC"
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716:"OmegA Launch Tower to be demolished as KSC 39B fails to become a multi-user pad"
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May 9, 2024 - Substantial progress on ML-2, which will be used for SLS Block 1B.
2167:
2094:
1574:
1042:
837:"Final Report - IG-20-013 - Audit of NASA's Development of its Mobile Launchers"
296:
250:, which is a launch structure that moves out with the rocket to the launch pad (
1342:"NASA's Artemis 1 mission will blast off Monday (Aug. 29). Here's how to watch"
922:"Hopeful for launch next year, NASA aims to resume SLS operations within weeks"
2177:
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519:"Exploration Ground Systems, Jacobs practice building SLS boosters in the VAB"
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environmental controls to the Orion service module and Launch Abort System.
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153:(2005-2010), but only took control of assets and commenced operations under
94:
26:
270:, a new platform was constructed, called Mobile Launcher-1 (ML-1), for the
836:
2121:
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1039:"Jacobs Supports NASA in Hitting Major Milestone at Kennedy Space Center"
407:, during a two-hour window that opened at 8:33 a.m. EDT (1233 GMT).
198:, and LC-39B will be used exclusively by SLS for the foreseeable future.
943:"Teams Assess Mobile Launcher and Pad After Successful Artemis I launch"
867:"NASA rings in busy new year in Florida to prepare for Artemis Missions"
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814:"NASA spent a decade and nearly $ 1 billion for a single launch tower"
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1289:"NASA completes stacking SLS rocket for first Artemis moon mission"
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634:"Exploration Ground Systems Highlights, Message From the Director"
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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1393:"NASA's Mobile Launcher Prepares for Upcoming Artemis Missions"
893:"Eastern Range updates 'Drive to 48' launches per year status"
545:"Around the Moon with NASA's First Launch of SLS with Orion"
1368:"Artemis I Launches U.S.'s Long-Awaited Return to the Moon"
1316:"NASA's Artemis 1 moon mission is 'go' for Aug. 29 launch"
410:
November 16, 2022, 1:47 a.m. – The successful launch of
1139:"Launch Team One Step Closer to Certification for EM-1"
702:"GAO Denies Blue Origin's Bid Protest of Pad 39A Lease"
663:"NASA's FY 2013 Budget Estimates for Space Operations"
1264:"Artemis 1 Orion joins SLS to complete vehicle stack"
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2018:
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80:) Program is one of three programs based at NASA's
59:
49:
41:
36:
1211:"Launch Complex 39B Prepared to Support Artemis I"
696:
694:
1427:Launch Director Charlie Blackwell-Thompson Bio
1091:"Navy, NASA complete underway recovery test 7"
969:United States Government Accountability Office
391:August 29, 2022 – The first launch attempt of
1935:
1450:
105:EGS holds and operates the following assets:
8:
19:
226:ML-1 Structure, Umbilicals, and Accessories
89:(SLS) rocket and its payloads, such as the
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319:2, moves into the VAB for the first time.
25:
18:
234:Comparison Between ML-1 and ML-2 Concepts
143:Ground Systems Development and Operations
20:NASA's Exploration Ground Systems Program
991:"SLS Mobile Launcher Arrives At Pad 39B"
573:. spacepolicyonline.com. April 25, 2018
455:
357:April 27, 2021 – The last component of
16:NASA program for launch vehicle support
730:"Charlie Blackwell-Thompson Biography"
487:
485:
1093:. MilitaryNews.com. November 12, 2018
493:"Exploration Ground Systems Overview"
169:. Blue Origin filed a protest to the
159:the final launch of the Space Shuttle
7:
865:Herridge, Linda (January 15, 2020).
571:"EXPLORATION MISSION-2 GETS A RE-DO"
1262:Sloss, Phillip (October 21, 2021).
891:Gebhardt, Chris (August 15, 2019).
149:) Program. It has its roots in the
1678:Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
1647:Korea Aerospace Research Institute
1637:Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
1421:Exploration Ground Systems Website
1366:Drake, Nadia (November 16, 2022).
379:vehicle assembly is complete. The
315:September 8, 2018 – The MLP, atop
14:
1489:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
993:. SpaceRef.com. September 5, 2018
333:Multi-Payload Processing Facility
2218:
2217:
1904:
1903:
1314:Malik, Tariq (August 22, 2022).
1191:
1155:
293:Government Accountability Office
171:Government Accountability Office
157:(from 2010). For example, after
141:EGS was originally entitled the
1340:Turner, Ben (August 22, 2022).
161:, GSDO took responsibility for
31:Exploration Ground Systems logo
920:Clark, Stephen (May 1, 2020).
596:. IEEE Xplore. pp. 1–11.
594:2018 IEEE Aerospace Conference
1:
2208:Future missions indicated in
1642:State Space Agency of Ukraine
1236:Sloss, Philip (May 3, 2021).
1175:"KSC-20190725-PH_KLS01_0037"
1113:"KSC-20181214-PH_KLS01_0058"
1065:"KSC-20181101-PH_KLS02_0009"
1013:"KSC-20180908-PH_CHS01_0126"
464:"Exploration Ground Systems"
295:report, NASA concurred that
117:, Firing Rooms 1, 2, & 3
1732:Vandenberg Space Force Base
2275:
2010:Exploration Ground Systems
1975:Orbital Maneuvering System
1499:Gateway Logistics Services
1494:Exploration Ground Systems
202:Charlie Blackwell-Thompson
74:Exploration Ground Systems
2204:
2130:Exploration Flight Test-1
1981:
1899:
1749:White Sands Missile Range
1598:
1472:
602:10.1109/AERO.2018.8396585
110:Vehicle Assembly Building
24:
2052:Crew Exploration Vehicle
2031:Orion Abort Test Booster
1652:New Zealand Space Agency
444:List of Artemis missions
310:Mobile Launcher Platform
248:mobile launcher platform
2045:Precursors or Cancelled
1970:European Service Module
1622:Australian Space Agency
372:October 20, 2021 – The
365:core stage, arrives at
1722:Mission Control Center
1662:Saudi Space Commission
1657:Brazilian Space Agency
1372:scientificamerican.com
308:August 31, 2018 – The
243:
235:
227:
214:
1838:Lunar Terrain Vehicle
1632:European Space Agency
1627:Canadian Space Agency
718:. September 11, 2020.
286:ML-2 for SLS block 1B
268:Constellation program
241:
233:
225:
211:
151:Constellation program
115:Launch Control Center
1816:Human Landing System
1705:Kennedy Space Center
1045:. September 25, 2018
945:. November 23, 2022.
794:. September 25, 2012
704:. December 13, 2013.
679:on February 11, 2017
424:Kennedy Space Center
405:Kennedy Space Center
386:Kennedy Space Center
367:Kennedy Space Center
262:ML-1 for SLS block 1
82:Kennedy Space Center
2259:Space Launch System
2036:Space Launch System
1780:Space Launch System
1145:. December 14, 2018
1019:. September 8, 2018
897:NASASpaceFlight.com
756:"Onward and Upward"
523:NASASpaceFlight.com
416:Space Launch System
397:Space Launch System
377:Space Launch System
363:Space Launch System
317:Crawler-transporter
256:Crawler Transporter
188:Space Launch System
121:Crawler-transporter
87:Space Launch System
21:
2254:Orion (spacecraft)
1852:Robotic spacecraft
1295:. October 22, 2021
1071:. November 1, 2018
403:, is conducted at
254:), carried atop a
244:
236:
228:
215:
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2200:
2199:
1917:
1916:
1809:Crewed spacecraft
1596:
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816:. March 17, 2020.
611:978-1-5386-2014-4
470:. August 21, 2018
422:, takes place at
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66:
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1951:Orion spacecraft
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1477:List of missions
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1268:NASA Spaceflight
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1119:. April 15, 2019
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846:. March 17, 2020
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672:. Archived from
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525:. April 17, 2018
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420:Orion spacecraft
401:Orion spacecraft
381:Orion spacecraft
218:Launch platforms
192:Orion spacecraft
91:Orion spacecraft
37:Program overview
29:
22:
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2019:Launch vehicles
2014:
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1727:SpaceX Starbase
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1466:Artemis program
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1181:. July 25, 2019
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762:. March 8, 2017
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643:. November 2018
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499:. June 20, 2018
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439:Artemis program
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2026:Delta IV Heavy
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1293:CollectSpace
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792:oig.nasa.gov
791:
766:February 26,
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750:
740:November 20,
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736:. April 2016
724:
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681:. Retrieved
674:the original
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647:February 26,
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577:February 26,
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50:Organization
2168:Artemis III
2095:Pad Abort-1
2079:Abort tests
1965:Crew module
1575:Artemis III
1531:Mission One
1429:at NASA.gov
1423:at NASA.gov
1397:Mirage News
1346:LiveScience
1221:October 22,
1043:MarketWatch
871:Space Daily
785:"IG-12-022"
555:October 19,
503:October 19,
474:October 10,
297:3D modeling
2238:Categories
2178:Artemis IV
2158:Artemis II
2141:(Nov 2022)
2133:(Dec 2014)
2125:(Oct 2009)
2106:(Jul 2019)
2098:(May 2010)
2090:(Jul 2009)
1958:Components
1671:Facilities
1581:Artemis IV
1569:Artemis II
1544:Blue Ghost
1482:astronauts
1123:January 3,
1075:January 3,
1023:January 7,
902:January 6,
450:References
304:Milestones
266:Under the
174:approach.
101:EGS assets
2188:Artemis V
2138:Artemis I
1882:Peregrine
1826:Blue Moon
1800:New Glenn
1587:Artemis V
1529:Peregrine
1522:Artemis I
412:Artemis 1
393:Artemis 1
374:Artemis I
359:Artemis 1
352:Artemis 1
280:Artemis 1
95:Artemis I
2223:Category
2122:Ares I-X
2115:Uncrewed
2071:Missions
1993:Programs
1909:Category
1869:Argonaut
1864:HERACLES
1859:CAPSTONE
1821:Starship
1795:Ariane 6
1785:Starship
1770:Falcon 9
1765:Electron
1610:Agencies
1515:Uncrewed
1508:Missions
975:June 27,
876:June 27,
850:June 27,
798:June 27,
683:June 27,
620:49597670
433:See also
2210:italics
2000:Artemis
1758:Rockets
1683:SLC-37B
1402:May 16,
1247:June 2,
1149:June 4,
276:Block 1
180:Liberty
137:History
63:Ongoing
42:Country
2192:(2030)
2182:(2028)
2172:(2026)
2162:(2025)
2150:Crewed
2062:Ares I
2057:Ares V
1876:Nova-C
1742:SLC-4E
1737:SLC-3E
1715:LC-39B
1710:LC-39A
1698:SLC-46
1693:SLC-41
1688:SLC-40
1589:(2030)
1583:(2028)
1577:(2026)
1571:(2025)
1562:Crewed
1554:(2025)
1548:(2024)
1539:(2024)
1533:(2024)
1524:(2022)
971:. 2019
927:May 3,
618:
608:
414:, the
395:, the
361:, the
272:Ares I
252:LC-39B
196:SpaceX
167:SpaceX
163:LC-39A
60:Status
1891:rover
1889:VIPER
1843:Orion
1320:Space
965:(PDF)
840:(PDF)
788:(PDF)
760:Vogue
677:(PDF)
666:(PDF)
637:(PDF)
616:S2CID
184:OmegA
2087:MLAS
1617:NASA
1552:IM-2
1537:IM-1
1404:2024
1379:2022
1353:2022
1327:2022
1301:2022
1275:2022
1249:2021
1223:2020
1215:NASA
1187:2019
1179:NASA
1151:2019
1143:NASA
1125:2019
1117:NASA
1099:2019
1077:2019
1069:NASA
1051:2019
1025:2019
1017:NASA
999:2019
977:2023
929:2020
904:2020
878:2023
852:2023
800:2012
768:2018
742:2018
734:NASA
685:2023
670:NASA
649:2019
641:NASA
606:ISBN
579:2019
557:2018
549:NASA
531:2019
505:2018
497:NASA
476:2018
468:NASA
418:and
399:and
242:ML-1
190:and
182:and
147:GSDO
93:for
70:NASA
54:NASA
598:doi
155:SLS
78:EGS
72:'s
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