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1674:, vol. LXXI, no. 1 (18 January 2024), pp. 34–35, 39. Caroline Dodds Pennock writes: "We need to invert our understanding of encounter to see transatlantic migration and connection not just as stretching to the west, but also as originating there." (p. 34.) According to the reviewer, "Until now the experiences of indigenous Americans in Europe had not been put together in one place....
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by
European sailors and geographers was an effort by major European powers to map and explore the continent with the goal of economic, religious and military expansion. The combative and rapid nature of this exploration is the result of a series of countering actions by neighboring European nations
21:
to ensure no single country had garnered enough wealth and power from the
Americas to militarily tip the scales over on the European continent. It spanned the late 15th to early 17th centuries, and consisted primarily of expeditions funded by Spain, England, France, and Portugal. See also the
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was one of the most prominent of the explorers, and charted many new paths through the West, which often were then utilized by emigrants crossing to settle in
Western towns and communities. In 1833, his exploring party discovered a route along the
792:
who explored the
Southwest of North America (including present-day west and central United States) and crossed the continent (east to west) in its southern regions, mainly from the second quarter to the middle of the 16th century, such as
1005:, widely regarded as the greatest land geographer that ever lived, traveled over 90,000 km during his lifetime. In 1797, Thompson was sent south by his employers to survey part of the Canada-U.S. boundary along the water routes from
405:. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in
1251:
110:, long before the Spanish and Portuguese arrivals of the islands, linguistic evidence, and genetic evidence. However, the theory is still heavily debated in the academic cycles because of other evidences that contradicting it.
964:) the Rockies should have been quite conspicuous, but he was likely trying to disguise the disappointing fact that an unknown range of seemingly impassible mountains now stood between the Hudson's Bay Company and the Pacific.
579:
attempted to establish a permanent settlement on the west coast of
Florida. The landing place has not been determined. His expedition was repulsed by natives. Ponce de León was struck by an arrow, and died of his wounds.
432:
for the first time since Leif
Erikson, which was granted and named after Lavrador. After returning he possibly went to Bristol to sail in the name of England. Nearly at the same time, between 1499 and 1502 the brothers
864:. During these voyages, Champlain aided the Wendat (aka 'Hurons') in their battles against the Iroquois Confederacy. As a result, the Iroquois would become enemies of the French and be involved in multiple conflicts.
95:, and a second site in southwestern Newfoundland, are the only known sites of a Norse village in North America outside of Greenland. These sites are notable for their possible connections with the attempted colony of
531:. Again, the exact location is disputed. While it is true that Columbus visited Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands in 1493, Ponce de Leon was the first known European to reach the present-day United States mainland.
1519:
1696:- A diverse collection (1503-1910) from the UBC Library Digital Collections that pertains to the exploration and mapping of the world, the evolution of cartography, and the settlement of North America
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Varon Gabai, Rafael. "Other
Council Fires Were Here Before Ours: A Classic Native American Creation Story as Retold by a Contemporary Seneca/Oneida Writer." Syracuse University Press, 2013.
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leads the first
European expedition deep into the territory of the modern-day United States (through Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and most likely Arkansas)
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665:, who had been named adelantado (governor) of La Florida by Carlos I, the King of Spain, landed in Boca Ciega Bay on the west coast of Florida to begin the
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Johnson, Lyman, and Sonya
Lipsett-Rivera. "The Faces of Honor: Sex, Shame, and Violence in Colonial Latin America." University of New Mexico Press, 2003.
192:
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Andrews, J.Rr. "Spain's
Conquest of America." The Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 33, no. 4, University of California Press, 1953, pp. 623–637
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840:. He took personal administration over the city and its affairs, and sent out expeditions to explore the interior. Champlain himself discovered
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Lockhart, James and Stuart Schwartz. "Early Latin America: A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brazil." Cambridge University Press, 1983.
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to verify rumors of undiscovered land to the northwest. On April 2, 1513, Ponce de León disembarked on the northeast coast of what he named
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Mignolo, Walter D. "The Darker Side of the Renaissance: Literacy, Territoriality, and Colonization." University of Michigan Press, 1996.
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401:(known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of
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1061:-Red Deer Lake-first appeared on the Mackenzie map of 1793. Thompson spent the next few seasons trading based in Fort George (now in
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Gibson, Charles. "The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule: A History of the Indians of the Valley of Mexico." Stanford University Press, 1964.
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was a member of the expedition who subsequently became a guide for others in the 'Old West,' and did some explorations of his own.
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979:, on the other hand, used a business model that required constant expansion into untapped areas. Under the auspices of the NWC,
952:, in 1754, but curiously did not mention it in his journals. From his westernmost geographic position (roughly near the town of
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As the American population of the West increased, the US government launched ongoing official explorations mainly through the
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in 1769–71 in his failed search for copper ore deposits. Disillusioned by these shortfalls, the HBC largely quit exploration.
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591:, and is known as the first European since the Norse to explore the Atlantic coast of North America. Arriving near the
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needed an alternative to the Portuguese controlled eastern maritime trade route around Africa to India and East Asia.
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to East Asia (or "the Indies" as the region was called) in order to establish a shorter trade route to China than the
565:
542:
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1678:... sets the methodological standard for a new way of understanding the origin of the modern world." (p. 39.)
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dated 1507, depicts the Americas, Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Pacific Ocean separating Asia from the Americas.
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Vitoria, Francisco de. "De Indis et de Iure Belli Relectiones." Reprint edition, Lawbook Exchange Ltd, 2006.
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Himmerich y Valencia, Robert. "The Encomenderos of New Spain, 1521–1555." University of Texas Press, 1991.
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that was then commonly believed to be an island. In 1683 Kino led the first European overland crossing of
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two hundred years later established Catholic missions from Spanish-controlled Baja California northward.
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to the Pacific, and in 1814 used his notes and measurements to draft the first European-style map of
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laid claim to the Pacific Coast of California in the mid 1500s, the earliest land expedition by the
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It was soon understood that Columbus had not reached Asia, but rather found what was to Europeans a
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surfaced in 1965 and is claimed, though widely discredited, to be a 15th-century map depicting the
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Seed, Patricia. "Colonial Spanish America: A Documentary History." Rowman & Littlefield, 1998.
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There are also some claims that Polynesians have met South Americans, including evidence such as
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on September 11, 1609 in search of a fabled connection to the Pacific via what was actually the
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for the crown. The exact location is disputed, but historians have offered the possibilities of
1096:. They discovered many new geographical features, Indian tribes, and animal and plant species.
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as a whole, until 1492. Many expeditions were launched from European nations in search of a
1541:
Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West
1474:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca: His Account, His Life, and the Expedition of Panfilo de Narváez
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Exploration and Empire: The Explorer and the Scientist in the Winning of the American West
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553:. He claimed all the territory touching it for the Crown, later to affect colonization of
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in 1789 and was the first European to reach the North-American Pacific overland, via the
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at a scale of 8 miles to the inch. This plan necessitated what became known as the
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1995:
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Restall, Matthew. "Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest." Oxford University Press, 2003.
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spread the news across Europe quickly. Columbus rediscovered and explored much of the
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73:, which he named to entice potential Icelandic settlers, eventually establishing the
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explored and named the coasts of Greenland, Labrador and also Newfoundland, naming "
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1518:. Atlas of Alberta Lakes. Edmonton, Alberta: University of Alberta. Archived from
1161:. The approach of the Sierra via the Carson River route later became known as the
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authorized an ambitious plan to map the portion of the United States west of the
801:, but also the North American Southeast and south-central regions. While Spain's
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1025:. By 1798 Thompson had completed a survey of 6,750 km (4,190 mi) from
872:
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Map of the North-West Territory of the Province of Canada, stretching from the
742:. In Hudson's fourth and final voyage, he discovered, mapped, and explored the
706:
313:, a trade route which had become desperately needed and yet exacerbated by the
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654:(which he named the "San Antonio River"). Because of his expedition, the 1529
500:
445:" the explored North American coasts. Both explorations were signaled in 1502
367:
1088:
were the first Americans to venture into the newly acquired territory of the
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and claimed the land in the name of Francis I. In 1535 Cartier explored the
453:
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310:
298:
70:
62:
1449:""Episode 06 Early Maps of Florida" by Robert Cassanello and Kendra Hazen"
1424:""Episode 06 Early Maps of Florida" by Robert Cassanello and Kendra Hazen"
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1990:
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1689:
National Park Service links and materials on explorers of North America
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1054:
957:
836:, which would become the first permanent settlement and the capital of
715:
677:, his book of the eight-year survival journey, on his return to Spain.
359:
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54:
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was largely motivated by the fur trade and the search for the elusive
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1975:
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880:
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world map outlines the East coast of North America almost perfectly.
564:
Around 1519–1521, with a mission to establish colonies for Portugal,
485:
1588:. Colección Parnase-Lemir, Valencia: Universidad de Valencia, 2021.
933:
has the distinction of being the first European to see the northern
2719:
811:
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347:
714:
After two failed attempts to reach East Asia by circumnavigating
2679:
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3439:
2795:
1712:
1664:, "The Discovery of Europe" (review of Caroline Dodds Pennock,
1586:
Españoles y portugueses en Canadá en tiempos de Cristóbal Colón
1398:
Prelude to empire: Portugal overseas before Henry the Navigator
1371:
Prelude to empire: Portugal overseas before Henry the Navigator
3435:
1013:
to satisfy unresolved questions of territory arising from the
3682:
Norwegian Scientific Expedition to Tristan Da Cunha 1937-1938
1666:
On Savage Shores: How Indigenous Americans Discovered Europe
595:
delta, he explored the coastlines of present-day states of
1180:. One of the main officers and explorers in this unit was
1057:) to establish a trading post. The English translation of
297:
The Viking voyages did not become common knowledge in the
1065:), and during this time led several expeditions into the
301:, and Europeans remained unaware of the existence of the
114:
Age of Discovery and the search for the Northwest Passage
1590:
http://parnaseo.uv.es/Lemir/Textos/Juan_Maura_Lemir.pdf
669:
of 300 men, of which only four survived. One survivor,
1153:. His return route across the southern Sierra was via
328:
set sail from the Port of Palos de la Frontera in the
1208:. In 1879, all such efforts were reorganized as the
527:
to land on the southwestern coast of Florida on the
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3654:
3611:
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3473:
3338:
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3173:
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3134:
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3027:
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2966:
2959:
2908:
2879:
2829:
2595:
2527:
2059:
1788:
844:in 1609. By 1615, he had travelled by canoe up the
568:explored the coasts of Newfoundland, Labrador, and
1401:. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 464–465.
1374:. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 463–464.
378:on his third voyage whilst skirting the northern
1505:, Canadian Geographic Magazine, July/August 2007
382:coast. His fourth voyage was spent scanning the
1296:Notable cartographers of the Age of Exploration
3641:Timeline of maritime migration and exploration
1322:Specific eras, explorers, regions, and efforts
3629:Major explorations after the Age of Discovery
3451:
2807:
1724:
1472:Adorno, Rolena; Pautz, Patrick (1999-09-15).
1165:, the primary route for the emigrants to the
757:Other major sea-based explorers were Captain
554:
535:
272:
8:
484:. He is considered to be the discoverer of
456:, which in 1507 was named "America", after
3708:
3636:Chronology of European exploration of Asia
3547:European maritime exploration of Australia
3530:Chronology of European exploration of Asia
3458:
3444:
3436:
3170:
3087:
2963:
2905:
2814:
2800:
2792:
1731:
1717:
1709:
1077:, covering 3.9 million square kilometres.
788:There were numerous Spanish explorers and
374:in his second voyage then discovered both
279:
265:
117:
2239:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
710:Map of Hudson's voyages to North America.
324:On August 3, 1492, the Genoese navigator
3535:History of European exploration in Tibet
1563:and the Rediscovery of the American West
1544:, New York: Simon & Schuster (1996).
1178:US Army Corps of Topographical Engineers
948:was the first European to have seen the
696:and also claimed the region for France.
1360:
1225:
1106:led many important explorations in the
869:René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle
125:
3820:European colonization of North America
3552:European land exploration of Australia
1447:Cassanello, Robert (24 January 2014).
1422:Cassanello, Robert (24 January 2014).
1286:16th century in North American history
784:16th century in North American history
3572:European colonization of the Americas
1311:European colonization of the Americas
824:on the east. By David Thompson, 1814.
356:Columbus's Letter on the First Voyage
293:European colonization of the Americas
108:Sweet potato cultivation in Polynesia
23:European colonization of the Americas
7:
1704:A History of Central Florida Podcast
1453:A History of Central Florida Podcast
1428:A History of Central Florida Podcast
995:reached the Pacific in 1808 via the
81:, which were abandoned around 1350.
2710:Norse colonization of North America
1049:. In 1798, the company sent him to
41:Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact
3662:1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition
2823:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
1619:and the Second Opening of the West
1578:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1966.
1549:Great Surveys of the American West
630:In 1524–1525, Portuguese explorer
545:was the first European to see the
523:, and found a passage through the
69:explored and settled southwestern
35:Norse colonization of the Americas
14:
3687:Operation Sunshine (USS Nautilus)
607:, and bypassing entrances to the
534:On September 25, 1513, Castilian
233:Colonization of the United States
3624:Timeline of European exploration
2870:
1250:
1231:
1045:Rivers, as well as two sides of
906:discovered an overland route to
773:Overland exploration of the West
248:
135:
2730:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
1615:Beyond the Hundredth Meridian:
1316:Voyages of Christopher Columbus
1210:United States Geological Survey
1069:. In 1811/1812 he followed the
397:Genoese navigator and explorer
388:voyages of Christopher Columbus
1567:University of New Mexico Press
722:sailed west in 1609 under the
519:. He encountered the powerful
1:
3667:Austrian expedition to Brazil
3646:Timeline of space exploration
799:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
615:to be a lake, he sailed past
499:from the fledgling colony on
468:Further nautical explorations
3810:Exploration of North America
3692:Whitney South Sea Expedition
3567:Exploration of North America
2695:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
2645:Eastern Agricultural Complex
1671:The New York Review of Books
1601:: A Great Engine of Research
1553:University of Oklahoma Press
1478:University of Nebraska Press
1204:Surveys, and expeditions by
1092:, at the order of President
416:was licensed by the King of
18:exploration of North America
3557:Exploration of the Americas
2079:Bandelier National Monument
1953:List of Mississippian sites
1740:Pre-Columbian North America
883:, and the entire course of
91:on the northernmost tip of
3851:
3815:Explorers of North America
3579:Exploration of the Pacific
3562:Settlement of the Americas
2499:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
2104:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
1813:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
1694:Historical Maps and Prints
1621:. Houghton, Mifflin, 1954.
1214:
1206:Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden
902:and on his journey to the
795:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
781:
671:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
583:In 1524, Italian explorer
290:
38:
32:
3411:
2868:
2768:
2740:Three Sisters agriculture
1746:
1668:, Knopf, 2023, 302 pp.),
1605:University of Texas Press
734:, instead sailing up the
730:, Chesapeake Bay and the
667:ill-fated land expedition
29:Pre-Columbian exploration
3825:History of North America
2279:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
1838:Buttermilk Creek complex
1239:Universalis Cosmographia
1157:, named after Walker by
917:European exploration of
724:Dutch East India Company
642:sailing South along the
358:of his discovery of the
338:coordinated Kingdoms of
2479:Town Creek Indian Mound
2449:Sierra de San Francisco
2304:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
1395:Diffie, Bailey (1960).
1368:Diffie, Bailey (1960).
1301:National Historic Trail
1126:Joseph Reddeford Walker
1081:19th century to present
803:Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo
684:planted a cross in the
638:, explored present-day
414:João Fernandes Lavrador
2134:Coso Rock Art District
2021:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
1924:List of Hopewell sites
1503:Travels with Charlotte
1347:: originators of term
1306:Americas (terminology)
825:
778:16th to 17th centuries
711:
690:Gulf of Saint Lawrence
585:Giovanni da Verrazzano
555:
536:
493:Ferdinand II of Aragon
352:Isabella I of Castille
315:fall of Constantinople
228:Colonization of Canada
53:sailors (often called
3672:Challenger expedition
3584:Polynesian navigation
3144:European colonization
2542:Arlington Springs Man
2384:Portsmouth Earthworks
1700:Early Maps of Florida
1582:Maura, Juan Francisco
1573:Goetzmann, William H.
1516:"Lac La Biche 2004-5"
1227:Maps of the New World
815:
709:
646:coast. Gomes entered
566:João Álvares Fagundes
543:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
407:Juan de la Cosa's map
291:Further information:
127:European colonization
3830:History of geography
3775:Underwater explorers
3712:By country of origin
2862:Solutrean hypothesis
2750:Transoceanic contact
2640:Container Revolution
2214:Gila Cliff Dwellings
2179:Etowah Indian Mounds
1561:William Henry Holmes
1341:Martin Waldseemüller
1280:Historical overviews
1171:California gold rush
1159:John Charles Fremont
927:Hudson's Bay Company
904:Colorado River Delta
832:founded what is now
549:once he crossed the
474:Pedro Álvares Cabral
418:Manuel I of Portugal
403:Henry VII of England
350:, financed by Queen
326:Christopher Columbus
3619:Chinese exploration
3243:Trinidad and Tobago
2670:Green Corn Ceremony
2484:Turkey River Mounds
2274:Lake Jackson Mounds
2094:Blue Spring Shelter
1547:Bartlett, Richard.
1537:Ambrose, Stephen E.
1145:and descending via
1133:across present-day
981:Alexander Mackenzie
830:Samuel de Champlain
589:Francis I of France
513:Ponce de León Inlet
447:Cantino planisphere
376:Trinidad and Tobago
335:los Reyes Católicos
121:Part of a series on
89:archaeological site
79:Western Settlements
47:Sagas of Icelanders
3403:In popular culture
3154:Columbian exchange
3149:Population history
2880:Mythology/Religion
2755:Underwater panther
2429:Rosenstock Village
2299:Marmes Rockshelter
2284:L'Anse aux Meadows
1617:John Wesley Powell
1599:Grove Karl Gilbert
1558:Fernlund, Kevin J.
1217:Portolà expedition
1202:John Wesley Powell
1169:fields during the
1090:Louisiana Purchase
977:North West Company
956:, halfway between
894:From 1697 to 1702
867:From 1679 to 1682
826:
807:Portolà expedition
726:. He, too, passed
712:
694:St. Lawrence river
663:Pánfilo de Narváez
636:Charles I of Spain
577:Juan Ponce de León
497:Juan Ponce de León
420:and together with
330:Province of Huelva
255:History portal
85:L'Anse aux Meadows
3797:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3433:
3432:
3334:
3333:
3130:
3129:
3053:
3052:
3023:
3022:
2842:Pre-Columbian era
2789:
2788:
2781:Pre-Columbian era
2582:Spirit Cave mummy
2379:Plum Bayou Mounds
2289:Lynch Quarry Site
1808:Ancient Beringian
1501:Aritha Van Herk,
1487:978-0-8032-1463-7
1345:Matthias Ringmann
1243:Waldseemüller map
1196:, along with the
1011:Lake of the Woods
989:Bella Coola River
962:Red Deer, Alberta
923:Northwest Passage
885:Mississippi River
856:to the centre of
551:Isthmus of Panama
462:Waldseemüller map
439:Miguel Corte Real
346:, in present-day
332:, from the newly
307:Northwest Passage
289:
288:
45:According to the
3842:
3835:Maritime history
3760:Circumnavigators
3709:
3677:Dana expeditions
3460:
3453:
3446:
3437:
3171:
3088:
2964:
2906:
2874:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2793:
2725:Projectile point
2562:Leanderthal Lady
2489:Upward Sun River
2464:Stallings Island
2454:Shell ring sites
2404:Recapture Canyon
2319:Moorehead Circle
2164:El Fin del Mundo
2149:Cueva de la Olla
1955:
1942:Maritime Archaic
1926:
1756:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1710:
1676:On Savage Shores
1611:Stegner, Wallace
1595:Pyne, Stephen J.
1524:
1523:
1512:
1506:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1365:
1337:Amerigo Vespucci
1291:Age of Discovery
1254:
1235:
1163:California Trail
1147:Stanislaus River
1137:, ascending the
1116:Oregon territory
1094:Thomas Jefferson
1053:(in present-day
970:Coppermine River
763:George Vancouver
701:Hernando De Soto
621:Narragansett Bay
611:. Believing the
587:sailed for King
560:
541:
458:Amerigo Vespucci
422:Pero de Barcelos
384:Central American
281:
274:
267:
253:
252:
251:
139:
118:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3789:
3785:Space travelers
3770:Polar explorers
3748:
3703:
3696:
3650:
3607:
3522:
3516:
3475:
3469:
3464:
3434:
3429:
3407:
3330:
3252:
3166:
3160:
3136:
3126:
3086:
3049:
3019:
2993:
2955:
2904:
2893:List of deities
2875:
2866:
2825:
2820:
2790:
2785:
2776:Genetic history
2764:
2618:Ceremonial pipe
2591:
2572:Minnesota Woman
2529:
2523:
2344:Ocmulgee Mounds
2324:Morrison Mounds
2269:Kolomoki Mounds
2259:Kimball Village
2119:Candelaria Cave
2061:
2055:
2036:Suwannee Valley
1971:Old Cordilleran
1951:
1922:
1790:
1784:
1750:
1742:
1737:
1685:
1662:Enrigue, Álvaro
1658:
1656:Further reading
1565:. Albuquerque:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1432:
1430:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1324:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1255:
1246:
1236:
1224:
1219:
1184:. In 1872, the
1120:Alta California
1104:John C. Frémont
1086:Lewis and Clark
1083:
1067:Rocky Mountains
985:Mackenzie River
983:discovered the
950:Rocky Mountains
943:
912:Baja California
908:Baja California
820:on the west to
786:
780:
775:
686:Gaspé Peninsula
682:Jacques Cartier
648:New York Harbor
634:, on behalf of
613:New York Harbor
603:, entering the
593:Cape Fear River
557:Las Californias
517:Melbourne Beach
470:
399:Giovanni Caboto
372:Lesser Antilles
319:Castilian crown
295:
285:
249:
247:
242:
129:of the Americas
128:
116:
99:established by
43:
37:
31:
12:
11:
5:
3848:
3846:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3802:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3756:
3754:
3753:By environment
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3706:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3526:
3524:
3521:Exploration by
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3485:
3479:
3477:
3474:Exploration by
3471:
3470:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3440:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3420:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3342:
3340:
3339:Related topics
3336:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3140:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2936:Medicine wheel
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2847:Classification
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2796:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2700:Mound Builders
2697:
2692:
2687:
2685:Medicine wheel
2682:
2677:
2675:Horned Serpent
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2414:Roberts Island
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2349:Old Stone Fort
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2314:Moaning Cavern
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2264:Kincaid Mounds
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2144:Cuarenta Casas
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2099:Bluefish Caves
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2060:Archaeological
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1858:Caloosahatchee
1855:
1850:
1845:
1843:Caborn-Welborn
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1789:Archaeological
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1697:
1691:
1684:
1683:External links
1681:
1680:
1679:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1608:
1592:
1579:
1570:
1556:
1545:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:on 2013-11-02.
1507:
1494:
1486:
1464:
1439:
1414:
1407:
1387:
1380:
1359:
1358:
1356:
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1273:
1272:
1271:
1256:
1249:
1247:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1194:Wheeler Survey
1190:100th meridian
1182:George Wheeler
1141:following the
1131:Humboldt River
1118:, and Mexican
1082:
1079:
1075:western Canada
1071:Columbia River
1003:David Thompson
946:Anthony Henday
942:
939:
919:western Canada
900:Sonoran Desert
889:Gulf of Mexico
875:region of the
850:Lake Nipissing
842:Lake Champlain
779:
776:
774:
771:
767:Charles Wilkes
609:Chesapeake Bay
601:South Carolina
529:Gulf of Mexico
469:
466:
380:South American
287:
286:
284:
283:
276:
269:
261:
258:
257:
244:
243:
241:
240:
238:Decolonization
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
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200:
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185:
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175:
170:
165:
160:
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144:
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132:
131:
123:
122:
115:
112:
61:first settled
33:Main article:
30:
27:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3847:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
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3503:
3501:
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3456:
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3419:
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3413:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3258:South America
3255:
3249:
3248:United States
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3175:North America
3172:
3169:
3165:Modern groups
3163:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3133:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:South America
3026:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2951:Turtle Island
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:North America
2907:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:Paleo-Indians
2835:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2803:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2756:
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2751:
2748:
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2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
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2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2660:Falcon dancer
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:Miscellaneous
2594:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2567:Melbourne Man
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2557:La Brea Woman
2555:
2553:
2552:Kennewick Man
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2444:Serpent Mound
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2394:Pueblo Bonito
2392:
2390:
2389:Poverty Point
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2374:Pinson Mounds
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2364:Painted Bluff
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Horr's Island
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2174:Effigy Mounds
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2139:Crystal River
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2051:Weeden Island
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Safety Harbor
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:Poverty Point
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Paleo-Indians
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1947:Mississippian
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
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1881:
1879:
1876:
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1871:
1869:
1866:
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1809:
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1766:
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1745:
1741:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1465:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1408:0-8032-5049-5
1404:
1400:
1399:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1381:0-8032-5049-5
1377:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1361:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:Clarence King
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1149:drainages to
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:Sierra Nevada
1136:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:Red Deer Lake
1048:
1047:Lake Superior
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1031:Lake Winnipeg
1028:
1027:Grand Portage
1024:
1023:United States
1020:
1019:Great Britain
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:Lake Superior
1004:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
973:
971:
967:
966:Samuel Hearne
963:
959:
955:
954:Olds, Alberta
951:
947:
940:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
898:explored the
897:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
877:United States
874:
871:explored the
870:
865:
863:
860:country near
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
823:
822:Lake Superior
819:
814:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
791:
790:conquistadors
785:
777:
772:
770:
768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
745:
744:Hudson Strait
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
708:
704:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
659:
657:
656:Diogo Ribeiro
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
632:Estevão Gomes
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
605:Pamlico Sound
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
581:
578:
573:
571:
567:
562:
559:
558:
552:
548:
547:Pacific Ocean
544:
540:
539:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:St. Augustine
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
482:South America
479:
475:
467:
465:
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
427:
424:they reached
423:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
294:
282:
277:
275:
270:
268:
263:
262:
260:
259:
256:
246:
245:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
145:
143:
142:
138:
134:
133:
130:
124:
120:
119:
113:
111:
109:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:in the 980s.
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
42:
36:
28:
26:
24:
19:
3566:
3422:
3415:
3137:colonization
2941:The red road
2931:Medicine man
2926:Great Spirit
2760:Water glyphs
2715:Oasisamerica
2705:N.A.G.P.R.A.
2665:Folsom point
2655:Effigy mound
2635:Clovis point
2603:Aridoamerica
2504:Wickiup Hill
2459:Spiro Mounds
2439:Salmon Ruins
2434:Russell Cave
2229:Helen Blazes
2224:Grimes Point
2204:Fort Juelson
2194:Fort Ancient
2169:El Vallecito
2129:Chaco Canyon
2069:Angel Mounds
2031:Steed-Kisker
1981:Paleo-Arctic
1903:Glacial Kame
1888:Fort Ancient
1780:Post-Classic
1751:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1614:
1597:
1585:
1575:
1559:
1548:
1539:
1531:Bibliography
1520:the original
1510:
1502:
1497:
1473:
1467:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:
1442:
1431:. Retrieved
1427:
1417:
1397:
1390:
1370:
1363:
1348:
1332:Mountain men
1238:
1175:
1143:Carson River
1124:
1108:Great Plains
1102:
1084:
1059:Lac La Biche
1001:
997:Fraser River
993:Simon Fraser
974:
944:
941:18th century
935:Great Plains
931:Henry Kelsey
916:
896:Eusebio Kino
893:
866:
854:Georgian Bay
846:Ottawa River
827:
818:Fraser River
787:
756:
736:Hudson River
732:Delaware Bay
720:Henry Hudson
713:
698:
679:
674:
673:, wrote the
660:
652:Hudson River
650:and saw the
629:
625:Newfoundland
619:, exploring
582:
574:
563:
538:conquistador
533:
525:Florida Keys
490:
476:was sent by
471:
451:
442:
428:and sighted
411:
396:
333:
323:
317:. Also, the
296:
105:
101:Leif Erikson
93:Newfoundland
83:
67:Erik the Red
44:
17:
15:
3655:Expeditions
3493:Cave diving
3476:environment
3467:Exploration
3346:Ethnobotany
3203:El Salvador
3105:Visual arts
2974:Cosmovision
2960:Mesoamerica
2921:Fifth World
2887:Mythologies
2852:Archaeology
2830:Pre-history
2745:Thunderbird
2613:Black drink
2577:Peñon woman
2514:Winterville
2494:Velda Mound
2474:Taos Pueblo
2369:Parkin Park
2354:Orwell site
2339:Nodena site
2234:Holly Bluff
2209:Four Mounds
2199:Fort Center
2124:Casa Grande
2074:Anzick site
1966:Monongahela
1893:Fort Walton
1868:Coles Creek
1833:Belle Glade
1818:Anishinaabe
1476:. Lincoln:
1259:Vinland map
1186:US Congress
1155:Walker Pass
1112:Great Basin
1098:John Colter
1043:Mississippi
1039:Assiniboine
991:, in 1793.
873:Great Lakes
862:Lake Simcoe
834:Quebec City
740:Great Lakes
640:Nova Scotia
617:Long Island
570:Nova Scotia
521:Gulf Stream
480:to explore
443:Terra Verde
390:opened the
386:coast. The
188:Hospitaller
3804:Categories
3729:Portuguese
3601:Antarctica
3388:Philosophy
3193:Costa Rica
3167:by country
2998:Variations
2989:World tree
2946:Totem pole
2916:Arborglyph
2690:Metallurgy
2650:Eden point
2547:Buhl Woman
2419:Rock Eagle
2409:River Styx
2334:Mummy Cave
2329:Moundville
2309:Mesa Verde
2294:Marksville
2041:Tchefuncte
2001:Plaquemine
1937:Las Palmas
1853:Calf Creek
1848:Cades Pond
1603:. Austin:
1551:. Norman:
1458:2016-01-10
1433:2016-01-10
1355:References
1265:colony of
1215:See also:
1035:headwaters
1029:, through
1015:Jay Treaty
968:found the
838:New France
782:See also:
759:James Cook
748:Hudson Bay
501:Hispaniola
368:Hispaniola
203:Portuguese
148:First wave
39:See also:
3780:Seafarers
3704:explorers
3612:Timelines
3383:Movements
3378:Languages
3326:Venezuela
3271:Argentina
3233:Nicaragua
3213:Guatemala
3208:Greenland
2900:Religions
2735:Stickball
2424:Rock Hawk
2254:Key Marco
2046:Troyville
2026:St. Johns
2011:Red Ocher
1770:Formative
1492:, 3 vols.
1033:, to the
937:in 1690.
929:explorer
752:James Bay
680:In 1534,
661:In 1528,
575:In 1521,
472:In 1500,
460:, on the
454:New World
426:Greenland
409:of 1500.
392:New World
311:Silk Road
299:Old World
103:in 1003.
71:Greenland
63:Greenland
3765:Climbers
3739:Romanian
3702:Lists of
3510:Deep-sea
3417:Category
3373:Identity
3356:Iroquois
3351:Cherokee
3316:Suriname
3306:Paraguay
3291:Colombia
3218:Honduras
3198:Dominica
3135:European
3110:Painting
3072:Colombia
2984:Religion
2979:Creation
2857:Genetics
2623:Chanunpa
2608:Ballgame
2587:Vero man
2537:Anzick-1
2509:Windover
2469:SunWatch
2399:Rassawek
2219:Glenwood
2109:Brewster
1961:Mogollon
1932:La Jolla
1918:Hopewell
1878:Deptford
1791:cultures
1328:Old West
1275:See also
1151:Monterey
1021:and the
1017:between
848:through
828:In 1608
728:Cape Cod
699:In 1539
675:Relación
478:Portugal
430:Labrador
412:In 1499
303:Americas
213:Scottish
163:Curonian
3744:Russian
3734:Spanish
3724:Italian
3393:Studies
3321:Uruguay
3296:Ecuador
3276:Bolivia
3223:Jamaica
3122:Writers
3117:Artists
3077:Ecuador
3059:Culture
3040:Mapuche
2772:Related
2630:Chunkey
2530:remains
2519:Wupatki
2359:Paquime
2249:Huápoca
2114:Cahokia
2084:Bastian
1991:Patayan
1913:Hohokam
1898:Fremont
1873:Comondú
1828:Baytown
1823:Avonlea
1803:Alachua
1775:Classic
1765:Archaic
1753:Periods
1607:, 1980.
1569:, 2000.
1555:, 1980.
1349:America
1267:Vinland
1222:Gallery
1063:Alberta
1055:Alberta
1037:of the
958:Calgary
887:to the
716:Siberia
688:on the
505:Florida
360:Bahamas
340:Castile
223:Swedish
218:Spanish
208:Russian
193:Italian
158:British
97:Vinland
75:Eastern
59:Iceland
57:) from
55:Vikings
3719:French
3596:Arctic
3542:Africa
3523:region
3500:Desert
3483:Canopy
3424:Portal
3361:Navajo
3301:Guyana
3281:Brazil
3238:Panama
3228:Mexico
3188:Canada
3183:Belize
3045:Muisca
2967:Common
2189:Folsom
2154:Cutler
2089:Benson
1976:Oneota
1908:Glades
1883:Folsom
1863:Clovis
1760:Lithic
1484:
1405:
1378:
1241:, the
1135:Nevada
881:Canada
765:, and
515:, and
486:Brazil
435:Gaspar
366:, and
344:Aragon
183:German
178:French
168:Danish
153:Basque
3591:Polar
3505:Ocean
3398:Trade
3286:Chile
3100:Music
3067:Andes
3015:Olmec
3005:Aztec
2720:Piasa
2528:Human
2159:Eaker
2062:sites
1996:Plano
1798:Adena
1263:Norse
858:Huron
644:Maine
599:and
597:North
495:sent
491:King
348:Spain
198:Norse
173:Dutch
87:, an
51:Norse
3488:Cave
3366:Zuni
3311:Peru
3262:list
3082:Peru
3035:Inca
3010:Maya
2680:Kiva
1482:ISBN
1403:ISBN
1376:ISBN
1257:The
1200:and
1167:gold
1041:and
975:The
960:and
879:and
852:and
797:and
750:and
623:and
437:and
364:Cuba
342:and
77:and
16:The
3092:Art
2184:Eva
1702:at
1009:to
3806::
2889:
1613:.
1584:.
1480:.
1451:.
1426:.
1343:+
1339:,
1330:+
1212:.
1173:.
1122:.
1114:,
1110:,
999:.
925:.
914:.
891:.
769:.
761:,
754:.
746:,
718:,
627:.
572:.
561:.
511:,
488:.
464:.
449:.
394:.
362:,
354:.
49:,
25:.
3459:e
3452:t
3445:v
3264:)
3260:(
2815:e
2808:t
2801:v
1732:e
1725:t
1718:v
1490:.
1461:.
1436:.
1411:.
1384:.
1269:.
280:e
273:t
266:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
