473:
were interested in moving to the new band. Faced with the difficult task of evaluating hundreds of applications, the FCC developed a multi-factored algorithm to rank the applicants. In addition to required separation standards, both within the United States and internationally, a major component of the evaluation was an individual station's "interference improvement factor", which was the degree to which a move to the expanded band would decrease the amount of interference on its vacated frequency, especially at night. The FCC summarized its primary considerations as "fulltime operation with stereo, competitive technical quality, 10 kW daytime power, 1 kW nighttime power, non-directional antenna (or simple directional) and 400-800 km spacing between co-channel stations".
524:
original station and its expanded band twin could optionally operate simultaneously for up to five years, after which owners would have to turn in one of the two licenses, depending on whether they preferred the new assignment or elected to remain on the original frequency. The FCC originally assumed that the expanded band stations would simulcast the programming of the original standard band stations, and be licensed to the same community. However, in most cases the expanded band stations have run separate programming, and a few have moved to other communities. One policy the FCC has generally enforced is that the two stations must remain under common ownership,> although an exception was made in the case of
57:
296:(WARC-79) adopted "Radio Regulation No. 480", which stated that "In Region 2, the use of the band 1605-1705 kHz by stations of the broadcasting service shall be subject to a plan to be established by a regional administrative radio conference..." As a consequence, on June 8, 1988 an ITU-sponsored conference held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil adopted provisions, effective July 1, 1990, to extend the upper end of the Region 2 AM broadcast band, by adding ten frequencies which spanned from 1610 kHz to 1700 kHz. The agreement provided for a standard transmitter power of 1 kilowatt, which could be increased to 10 kilowatts in cases where it did not result in undue interference.
433:(NTIA), so coordination between the two agencies was required. It was concluded that, for operation on 1610 kHz, TIS and broadcasting stations were considered "co-primary" services, thus existing TIS stations were protected from having to move to new frequencies. The restriction imposed by having to protect existing TIS stations on 1610 kHz generally reduced by one the number of available expanded band frequencies, and because the sole U.S assignment for this frequency,
566:
granted to 54 stations that migrated from the standard AM band to the
Expanded Band. Of those, 22 unconditionally surrendered their standard band licenses and remained in the Expanded Band; three conditionally surrendered their standard band licenses, and four standard band licenses were canceled by the Commission. The Commission also received one unconditional surrender of an Expanded Band authorization and one conditional surrender, and it canceled one Expanded Band license."
508:), 1640 kHz in Vallejo, California in early 1996. These two are the only expanded band stations in the United States authorized to use 10 kW at night. Other U. S. stations generally use ten kilowatts during the day and one kilowatt at night, with non-directional antennas. An exception exists for stations that use antennas with higher than normal efficiency or those multiplexed with an existing station on a different frequency.
469:(FCC) voted to begin the process of populating the expanded band. Although some individuals had hoped the commission would give preferences to minority-owner or daytime-only stations, it announced that the main priority would be reducing interference on the existing AM band, by transferring selected stations to the new frequencies. It was now estimated that the expanded band could accommodate around 300 U.S. stations.
425:, however in 1983 a higher allocation was assigned, and production after October 1, 1984 of handsets transmitting on the lower frequencies was prohibited. Therefore, by 1988 the frequencies from 1610 to 1700 kHz were largely unoccupied, with one major exception: 1610 kHz was one of two primary frequencies (along with 530 kHz) that had been assigned for use by hundreds of low-powered
1117:, MB Docket No. 13-249, Adopted October 21, 2015, Released October 23, 2015, footnote #198, pages 32-33 (Appendix F, pages 67-69, lists 25 cases where co-owned original and expanded band stations were still operating. Two additional assignments are unlisted: 630/1640 in Sandy, Utah, and 1090/1690 in Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands.) (FCC.gov)
486:
536:
in Ramapo, New York, which was allowed to move from 1300 to 1700 kHz, with the FCC stating that a "waiver is warranted to permit the licensing of a station that could provide full-time local emergency radio service to
Rockland County residents who would be at great risk in the event of a radiological
476:
There was an outstanding question about the number of stations, based on the proposed standards, that could be accommodated on the new frequencies, with the FCC noting that an engineering firm, Cohen, Dippell and
Everist, had "submitted an analysis to demonstrate that instead of 25 to 30 stations per
444:
The FCC gave approval for TIS stations to operate on 1620–1700, on a secondary basis, and it was informally suggested that, once most radios could tune to the higher frequencies, all of the TIS stations on 1610 kHz could be moved as a group to 1710 kHz, however this was never implemented.
417:
band. Even after police radio transmissions were no longer made on this band, some county and city ordinances still forbade receivers capable of picking up transmissions on these frequencies, and they had reportedly been occasionally enforced to cite motorists in possession of amateur radio gear, or
560:
Despite the initial requirement that one of the two paired stations had to cease broadcasting by the end of a five-year period, as of 2015 there were 25 cases where co-owned standard band and expanded band stations were still active, some of which were approaching 20 years of operation. However, at
528:
in Fort Smith, Arkansas, when the FCC approved its separate ownership, on the grounds that "Capstar's donation of the facility to MMTC, which planned to use KYHN to train women and minority group members in broadcasting and broadcast management, advanced the diversity goals set forth in the pending
523:
On March 22, 1996 the FCC announced a revised allocation table, consisting of 87 stations, but this too was eventually withdrawn due to errors. A third, and final, allocation, now approving 88 stations, was announced on March 17, 1997. In order to ease the transition, the FCC provided that both the
499:
in late 1991 which mandated that priority for expanded band assignments would be given to existing daytime-only stations that were located in a community with a population over 100,000, and which also did not have any full-time stations. The two authorized stations that met this standard became the
472:
The common FCC practice for station applications on the standard AM frequencies is to process the applications individually. For the expanded band, the
Commission decided to allocate the entire band at once on a nationwide basis, after evaluating all of the stations which notified the FCC that they
262:
The extended band is not officially allocated in Europe, and the trend of national broadcasters in the region has been to reduce the number of their AM band stations in favor of FM and digital transmissions. However, new Low-Power AM (LPAM) stations have recently come on the air from countries like
596:, the standard AM band transmitting frequencies of 531 to 1602 kHz are designated as the Broadcasting Services Band (BSB), while 1611 to 1701 kHz is designated as the "Mid-Frequency" band. A limited number of stations operate under commercial licences on 1611, 1620 and 1629 kHz. The
461:
When the ITU approved the extension of the "top end" of the AM band to 1700 kHz in 1988, few consumer radios could tune higher than about 1620 or 1630 kHz. However, it was reported at the time that FCC "officials have been meeting with
American manufacturers of radio receivers to make an
573:, Missouri area. A suggestion to also include "abandoned AM expanded band facilities that were approved but never built" was denied. A 2022 FCC filing by Inspiration Media, Inc. characterized "the three decade-old expanded band plan" as so far providing only "exceedingly modest band-improvement".
565:
in this proceeding adopting this proposal..." This report also noted that "A total of 88 Expanded Band channels were originally allotted. There were 67 applications filed for
Expanded Band allotments, of which 66 construction permits were granted, with one application still pending. Licenses were
491:
In the fall of 1994, the FCC announced that, out of 688 applicants, a specially designed computer program (which took two weeks to run) had chosen 79 stations to make the transfer to the expanded band. However, a year later the
Commission rescinded these assignments, after it was determined that
321:
Canada has made an informal agreement with the United States to allow
Canadian stations operating on 1610, 1630, 1650, 1670 and 1690 kHz to be located closer to their common border than would normally be allowed, in exchange for allowing the U.S. the same privilege on the other frequencies.
561:
this time the FCC expressed its intention to eventually eliminate the practice, stating: "We therefore tentatively conclude that any licensee with dual standard/Expanded Band authorizations... should be required to surrender one of the two authorizations within one year of release of a future
52:
In Region 2, this consists of ten additional frequencies, spaced 10 kHz apart, and running from 1610 kHz to 1700 kHz. In
Regions 1 and 3, where frequency assignments are spaced 9 kHz apart, the result is eleven additional frequencies, from 1611 kHz to 1701 kHz.
360:
1700. Both XEARZ (5 kW) and XEPE (10 kW) operate with nighttime power greater than 1 kW. These stations were authorized before changes in 2014 set aside the AM expanded band, along with 106-108 MHz on FM, for social community and social indigenous radio stations.
600:
introduced "narrowband" station classifications, for broadcasts targeting specialized non-general audiences, primarily in the larger cities, and a majority of stations assigned from 1611 to 1701 kHz are low-powered (400 watts or less) Narrowband Area
Service stations (MF-NAS).
304:
Even before the formal adoption of the expansion, a 50,000-watt religious station located on the island of Anguilla, British West Indies, was broadcasting on 1610 kHz as "The Caribbean Beacon". This station dated to the early 1980s, and is no longer on the air.
462:
early start on producing sets capable of receiving signals in the new band..." and when the first U.S. expanded band radio station began operating in late 1995, it was estimated that by now there were 280 million radios capable of receiving the full expanded band.
283:
for many years transmitted on 1611 kHz, before ceasing broadcasts on this frequency in 2012. Since 2014 a licensed Norwegian project has been broadcasting both Radio Northern Star and The Sea on 1611 kHz.
532:
In general the FCC has refused to consider assigning any stations to the expanded band which were not included in the March 17, 1997 approval list. In 2006 an exception was made to this policy for
430:
617:
along stretches of major expressways. Many Japanese AM radios, car stereos and other receivers (walkman, etc.) can tune up to 1629 kHz. 1611 kHz is rarely used in Japan.
413:(FCC) had established 1600 kHz as the upper limit for the standard AM broadcast band. Beginning in the 1930s adjacent higher frequencies had commonly been designated as a
553:
reported that, out of 4,758 licensed U.S. AM stations, 56 were now operating on the expanded band. The expanded band frequencies have also become popular for use by hobbyist
557:
transmissions (which don't require licenses) due to the relatively limited number of broadcasting stations compared to the more congested standard/legacy AM band.
406:
520:, is licensed for 920 watts both day and night, due to similar treaty restrictions with respect to France's territorial holdings of Martinique and Guadeloupe.
1194:
1496:
995:
330:
There have only been a few expanded band stations established in Cuba. The most commonly used frequency is 1620 kHz, where multiple stations simulcast
1246:
1027:(FCC DA 97-537), March 17, 1997. The current call signs and station frequencies listed in this notice are those that the station had as of June 30, 1993.
465:
During the 1988 ITU conference, it was suggested that as many as 500 U.S. stations could be assigned to the new frequencies. On April 12, 1990 the
512:
in Brownsville, Texas, operates at 12% less than the standard (8.8 kW day and 880 watts at night) due to treaty obligations with Mexico, and
56:
1535:
1126:
569:
In 2021, the FCC announced plans for an auction of new station assignments, which included replacing four AM stations recently deleted in the
1506:
517:
293:
46:
1731:
1555:
1060:
587:
49:(ITU) Region 2 (the Americas), and 1602 kHz in ITU Regions 1 (Europe, northern Asia and Africa) and 3 (southern Asia and Oceania).
1138:
593:
466:
410:
426:
1187:
1025:"FCC Public Notice: Mass Media Bureau Announces Revised AM Expanded Band Allotment Plan and Filing Window for Eligible Stations"
1048:
804:(paragraph 24), Memorandum Opinion and Order, Docket No. 87-267, FCC 93-196, filed May 11, 1993, effective date June 11, 1993.
667:
Final Acts of the Regional Radio Conference to Establish a Plan for the Broadcasting Service in the Band 1605-1705 in Region 2
1771:
1668:
597:
749:
1516:
1167:"A new international broadcasting strategy is needed by both Australia and New Zealand in Melanesia and Western Polynesia"
1063:(August 23, 2010 correspondence from Peter H. Doyle, Chief, FCC Audio Division, Media Bureau. Reference Number 1800B3-TSN)
1008:"FCC Public Notice: Mass Media Bureau Announces Revised Expanded AM Broadcast Band Improvement Factors and Allotment Plan"
863:
1443:
1115:
Federal Communications Commission: First Report and Order, Further Notice of Proposed Rule Making, and Notice of Inquiry
1076:
Federal Communications Commission: First Report and Order, Further Notice of Proposed Rule Making, and Notice of Inquiry
313:
In Argentina, the expanded band assignments are primarily in the region surrounding the nation's capital, Buenos Aires.
1741:
1180:
1087:
477:
channel... their calculations show 'approximately 5 (certainly less than 10)' stations can be assigned per channel".
1099:
263:
Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands and Italy. These frequencies are also used by a number of "hobby"
1714:
1683:
1428:
1338:
538:
496:
441:, was eventually deleted; currently there are no broadcasting stations licensed for 1610 kHz in the United States.
1024:
923:
907:
847:
828:
446:
450:
813:
487:
List of AM Expanded Band station assignments issued by the Federal Communications Commission on March 17, 1997
1078:, MB Docket No. 13-249, Adopted October 21, 2015, Released October 23, 2015, footnote #197, page 32 (FCC.gov)
1036:
891:
801:
786:
609:
The AM expanded band in Japan extends to 1629 kHz. 1620 kHz and 1629 kHz are normally used by
429:(TIS). Moreover, the controlling licensing authority for these stations was not the FCC, but instead was the
1693:
1592:
1545:
1453:
1007:
939:
1587:
1501:
1343:
770:
679:
610:
711:
1688:
1511:
1491:
695:
322:
Therefore, all of its limited number of expanded band stations currently operate on these frequencies.
898:(FCC MM Docket No. 87-267. Adopted September 26, 1991 and released October 25, 1991), pages 6302-6323.
372:, all of the stations since assigned to the expanded band have been community or indigenous stations:
1316:
1256:
1241:
1236:
42:
445:(Currently 1710 kHz is unused by TIS stations with one exception: a waiver has been granted to
1423:
1294:
1111:
1072:
500:
first two to begin broadcasting on the new band: WJDM, 1660 kHz in Elizabeth, New Jersey (now
369:
1766:
1560:
422:
983:
971:
389:
385:
381:
1673:
1550:
554:
365:
955:
723:
1709:
1467:
1278:
1203:
614:
789:(FCC 88-72. Adopted February 25, 1988, released June 3, 1988), page 4511 (footnote no. 15).
1678:
1648:
1284:
665:
17:
1172:
344:
Mexico has a total of four radio stations licensed for the expanded band prior to 2017:
1288:
438:
421:
A small group of frequencies, starting at 1665 kHz, had been set aside for use by
879:
A "simple directional" antenna was defined as one that used no more than three towers.
1760:
1663:
1388:
1268:
1207:
1061:"Re: WDDD (AM) Application for Consent to Assignment of AM Broadcast Station License"
332:
280:
1735:
1210:
1090:(FCC 06-125), Adopted: August 17, 2006, Released: August 22, 2006, pages 9968-9973.
414:
264:
529:
proceeding Promoting Diversification of Ownership in the Broadcasting Services".
1658:
1483:
1274:
1150:
626:
268:
1112:"E. Require Surrender of Licenses by Dual Expanded Band/Standard Band Licenses"
1073:"E. Require Surrender of Licenses by Dual Expanded Band/Standard Band Licenses"
629:, the first AM expanded band radio station in low power format broadcasting in
1540:
1526:
1228:
377:
60:
418:
in extreme cases an AM radio installed in the vehicle as original equipment.
1632:
1627:
1622:
1612:
1603:
1462:
1166:
998:, prepared by Alan E. Gearing, Mullaney Engineering, Inc., January 17, 2006.
570:
373:
353:
39:
653:
492:
there had been major flaws in the data used to evaluate the applications.
1353:
1306:
1264:
630:
349:
1393:
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357:
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246:
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126:
119:
114:
737:
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1433:
1407:
1402:
1361:
1312:
1298:
1139:"Form 314: August 2022: Request For Waiver of 47 C.F.R. § 73.1150(c)"
276:
272:
984:
AM Query Results: WWRU Jersey City, New Jersey (Facility ID: 87123)
725:
Report on AM Broadcasting Possibilities in The Greater Toronto Area
1438:
1333:
1225:
55:
89:
634:
533:
525:
513:
509:
505:
501:
434:
1573:
1176:
972:
AM Query Results: KDIA Vallejo, California (Facility ID: 87108)
45:
immediately above the earlier upper limits of 1600 kHz in
896:
Review of the Technical Criteria for the AM Broadcast Service
940:"Additions to Section 331 of the Communications Act of 1934"
431:
National Telecommunications and Information Administration
504:
in Jersey City, New Jersey) in late 1995, and KXBT (now
752:
Instituto Federal de Telecommunicaciones, May 16, 2018.
1102:
by Randy J. Stine, February 28, 2006 (radioworld.com)
864:"FCC Votes To Proceed With AM-Band Improvement Plans"
1702:
1641:
1601:
1580:
1525:
1482:
1452:
1416:
1381:
1374:
1326:
1255:
1224:
1217:
637:, "Radyo Marikina 1674", started on July 25, 1996.
1151:"1600-1701 kHz: Mediumwave Radio Stations in Asia"
1127:"FCC Declines to Expand Four-Station AM Auction"
1141:for KLFE(AM) and KNTS(AM), Seattle, Washington.
1088:"In The Matter of Alexander Broadcasting, Inc."
728:, Government of Canada, July 11, 2013 (gc.ca).
1129:by Paul McLane, April 2, 2021 (radioworld.com)
407:North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement
1188:
8:
887:
885:
405:In the United States, implementation of the
27:Broadcast stations between 1600 and 1700 kHz
956:"FCC Chooses 80 Stations For Wider AM Band"
1570:
1378:
1221:
1195:
1181:
1173:
696:"The Fleet Is In: Angling for Radio Buoys"
944:Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991
829:"RIO is stage for AM spectrum conference"
712:"Radios en AM en Buenos Aires, Argentina"
1100:"Life on Expanded Band Is (Pretty) Good"
843:
841:
824:
822:
761:County of Los Angeles Code Chapter 13.10
1039:(FCC DA 13-600, released April 3, 2013)
1020:
1018:
1016:
908:"AM Pioneers chosen for expansion band"
646:
1037:"In re: WHLY(AM), South Bend, Indiana"
848:"WJDM to be first on extended AM band"
797:
795:
656:, compiled by Bruce Conti (bamlog.com)
740:(as of February 6, 2019) (bamlog.com)
670:(PDF) (Rio de Janeiro, 1988. ITU.int)
518:Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands
294:World Administrative Radio Conference
63:and the dividing lines between them.
47:International Telecommunication Union
7:
892:"IV. Migration to the Expanded Band"
814:Universal Licensing System: WQFG689
588:List of radio stations in Australia
930:, September 11, 1995, pages 13-14.
495:A provision had been added to the
32:extended mediumwave broadcast band
25:
1049:FCC Station Search Details: DWMHG
680:"What to Listen for in the 1990s"
467:Federal Communications Commission
411:Federal Communications Commission
1729:
1010:(FCC DA 96-408), March 22, 1996.
802:"Travelers Information Stations"
771:"Servicing Cordless Telephones"
1669:Error detection and correction
942:(Approved December 20, 1991),
598:1992 Broadcasting Services Act
427:Travelers Information Stations
267:stations, particularly in the
1:
777:, May 1985, pages 77-80, 118.
962:, December 3, 1994, page 99.
914:, October 24, 1994, page 15.
835:, May 23, 1988, pages 55-56.
1742:Comparison of radio systems
854:, October 9, 1995, page 66.
654:"Silent MW Radio Countries"
1788:
1715:International broadcasting
1684:FM extended band in Brazil
996:"Engineering Exhibit EE-1"
870:, April 28, 1990, page 10.
787:"Fourth Notice of Inquiry"
714:(radio-america-latina.org)
585:
497:Communications Act of 1934
484:
18:Extended AM broadcast band
1723:
1569:
447:Hudson County, New Jersey
92:
924:"FCC refigures AM moves"
750:"Estaciones de Radio AM"
451:single-frequency network
34:, commonly known as the
1694:Shortwave relay station
1593:Audio signal processing
686:, January 1990, page 6.
1588:Audio data compression
926:by Christopher Stern,
611:Highway advisory radio
364:With the exception of
82:
1772:Broadcast engineering
1689:Multipath propagation
1512:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
1382:Frequency allocations
1257:Frequency allocations
773:by Christopher Kite,
702:, July 2013, page 12.
549:A 2006 accounting by
336:network programming.
59:
43:frequency assignments
1642:Technical (emission)
1051:(Facility ID: 24643)
910:by Chris McConnell,
423:cordless telephones
370:Reynosa, Tamaulipas
958:by Eric Boehlert,
698:by Mario Filippi,
83:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1674:FM broadcast band
1581:Technical (audio)
1478:
1477:
1370:
1369:
866:by Bill Holland,
850:by Glen Diskson,
775:Radio-Electronics
615:Roadside Stations
555:microbroadcasting
537:emergency at the
255:
254:
40:broadcast station
16:(Redirected from
1779:
1736:Radio portal
1734:
1733:
1732:
1710:History of radio
1654:AM expanded band
1571:
1454:Commercial radio
1379:
1222:
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738:"Cuba Radio Map"
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721:
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709:
703:
700:Monitoring Times
693:
687:
684:Monitoring Times
677:
671:
663:
657:
651:
563:Report and Order
545:Later activities
90:
79:
73:
67:
38:, refers to the
36:AM expanded band
21:
1787:
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1679:FM broadcasting
1649:AM broadcasting
1637:
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1576:
1565:
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1474:
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1417:Digital systems
1412:
1397:
1366:
1327:Digital systems
1322:
1251:
1213:
1201:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1153:(asiawaves.net)
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694:
690:
682:by Don Bishop,
678:
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623:
621:The Philippines
607:
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579:
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409:in 1941 by the
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1628:Kahn-Hazeltine
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1575:Related topics
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86:ITU Region 1
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1659:Cable radio
1602:Technical (
1362:DVB-T2 Lite
1218:Terrestrial
627:Philippines
551:Radio World
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457:Preparation
292:In 1979, a
269:Netherlands
100:(9 kHz
93:ITU Region
61:ITU regions
1761:Categories
1541:DirectBand
1527:Subcarrier
1229:modulation
641:References
401:Background
378:XECSCGU-AM
356:1670, and
1767:Bandplans
1604:AM stereo
1463:Sirius XM
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1375:Satellite
986:(FCC.gov)
974:(FCC.gov)
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868:Billboard
816:(FCC.gov)
594:Australia
582:Australia
571:St. Louis
390:XECSIC-AM
386:XECSIB-AM
382:XECSIA-AM
374:XECSCA-AM
354:XEANAH-AM
309:Argentina
109:spacing)
102:spacing)
98:1 & 3
1703:Cultural
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1169:(cbc.am)
631:Marikina
366:XEFCR-AM
350:XEARZ-AM
300:Anguilla
1529:signals
1497:AMR-WB+
1349:FMeXtra
625:In the
613:and/or
592:Within
358:XEPE-AM
346:XEUT-AM
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1623:Harris
1618:C-QUAM
1507:HE-AAC
1484:Codecs
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1389:C band
1313:L band
1204:Analog
352:1650,
348:1630,
340:Mexico
317:Canada
277:Serbia
275:, and
273:Greece
258:Europe
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1334:CAM-D
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1226:Radio
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635:DZBF
534:WRCR
526:KYHN
514:WIGT
510:KVNS
506:KDIA
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435:KALT
388:and
326:Cuba
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1317:UHF
1303:mid
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