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1508:(NORA) to identify and provide intervention strategies regarding occupational health and safety issues. During 2003–2013, the annual rate of occupational fatalities significantly decreased 36.3%; however, the number of work-related fatalities in the U.S. oil and gas extraction industry increased 27.6%, with a total of 1,189 deaths because the size of the workforce grew during this period. Two-thirds of all worker fatalities were attributed to
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The use of microbial treatments is another tertiary recovery method. Special blends of the microbes are used to treat and break down the hydrocarbon chain in oil, making the oil easy to recover. It is also more economical versus other conventional methods. In some states such as Texas, there are tax
1333:
or some other inert gas to reduce the density of the oil-gas mixture; improving its mobility. The typical recovery factor from water injection operations is about 30%, depending on the properties of the oil and the characteristics of the reservoir rock. On average, the recovery factor after primary
1206:
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methods are applied. These rely on supplying external energy to the reservoir by injecting fluids to increase reservoir pressure, hence increasing or replacing the natural reservoir drive with an artificial drive. Secondary recovery techniques increase the reservoir's pressure by
1381:, which yields a very heavy oil, yet accounts for ten percent of the United States' oil extraction. Fire flooding (In-situ burning) is another form of TEOR, but instead of steam, some of the oil is burned to heat the surrounding oil.
1233:
to the newly drilled well bore. Holes are then made in the base of the well to enable oil to pass into the bore. Finally, a collection of valves called a " is fitted to the top; the valves regulate pressures and control flow. The
1155:
nearby and observing the seismic response, which provides information about the geological structures underground. However, "passive" methods that extract information from naturally occurring seismic waves are also used.
1631:
1209:
Somaliland exploration and production by genel energy with oil extraction targets for 2024-2025 , Somaliland current estimates are around 42Bn OIIP and 30Bn barrles of crude recoverable from source in
Central
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When the underground pressure in the oil reservoir is sufficient to force the oil (along with some associated gas) to the surface, all that is necessary to capture oil is to place a complex arrangement of
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normally starts with drilling wells into an underground reservoir. When an oil well has been tapped, a geologist (known on the rig as the "mudlogger") will note its presence.
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1392:) are injected to alter the surface tension between the water and the oil in the reservoir, mobilizing oil which would otherwise remain in the reservoir as residual oil.
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Over the lifetime of a well, the pressure falls. After natural reservoir drive diminishes and there is insufficient underground pressure to force the oil to the surface,
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1995:
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EUR is difficult to predict, and it is possible to choose recovery methods that tend to underestimate decline of the well beyond that which is reasonable.
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Thermally enhanced oil recovery methods (TEOR) are tertiary recovery techniques that heat the oil, reducing its viscosity and making it easier to extract.
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Tertiary recovery begins when secondary oil recovery is not enough to continue adequate extraction, but only when the oil can still be extracted
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is used to produce steam, which is then injected into the reservoir. This form of recovery is used extensively to increase oil extraction in the
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gravity drainage resulting from the movement of oil within the reservoir from the upper to the lower parts where well extraction is located.
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1480:(EUR) based on decline rate projections years into the future. Various models, mathematical techniques, and approximations are used.
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2505:
1898:"Fatalities in Oil and Gas Extraction Database, an Industry-Specific Worker Fatality Surveillance System — United States, 2014–2019"
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Although recovery of a well cannot be known with certainty until the well ceases production, petroleum engineers often determine an
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are used to drill long holes into the earth to create an oil well and extract petroleum. After extraction, oil is refined to make
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1425:. When prices are high, previously unprofitable wells are brought back into use, and when they are low, extraction is curtailed.
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and contact with objects or equipment. More than 50% of persons fatally injured were employed by companies that service wells.
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incentives for using these microbes in what is called a secondary tertiary recovery. Very few companies supply these microbes.
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surveys to search for geological structures that may form oil reservoirs. The "classic" method includes making an underground
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process comes under "upstream", one of the three main services in the oil industry, along with mid-stream and downstream.
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network for storage and processing. Sometimes, during primary recovery, to increase extraction rates, pumps, such as
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fields, steam injection has doubled or even tripled the oil reserves and ultimate oil recovery. For example, see
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or various gas mixtures into the reservoir to raise or maintain the reservoir pressure and economical extraction
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the oil rose naturally to the surface, but most of these fields have long since been used up, except in parts of
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and other products such as tires and refrigerators. Extraction of petroleum can be dangerous and have led to
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The oil and gas extraction workforce faces unique health and safety challenges and is recognized by the
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1623: – Fuel storage and pipeline system designed to move bulk fuel forward in a theater of operations.
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Tertiary recovery allows another 5% to 15% of the reservoir's oil to be recovered. In some
California
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1304:(ESPs), are used to bring the oil to the surface; these are known as artificial lifting mechanisms.
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Steam is injected into many oil fields where the oil is thicker and heavier than normal crude oil.
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strength of natural drives (the associated gas present, pressure from adjacent water or gravity)
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1186:) are drilled into the same reservoir, to an economically viable extraction rate. Some wells (
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Growth
History of Oil Reserves in Major California Oil Fields During the Twentieth Century
1794:, March 1933 -- ie article on invention of water injection and detergents for oil recovery
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which negatively impacts people's safety by raising sea levels and worsening weather.
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Mason, Krystal L.; Retzer, Kyla D.; Hill, Ryan; Lincoln, Jennifer M. (2015-05-29).
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1870:"Occupational Fatalities During the Oil and Gas Boom — United States, 2003–2013"
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1572: – Using a drilling rig to bore holes for petroleum extraction in deep sea
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methods, further increase mobility of the oil in order to increase extraction.
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1654: – Point in time when the maximum rate of petroleum extraction is reached
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1745:"Enhanced Oil Recovery using Carbon Dioxide in the European Energy System"
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1648: – Offshore ocean structure with oil drilling and related facilities
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1566: – Uncontrolled release of crude oil and/or natural gas from a well
1464:, oil generally cannot flow through, but when they are permeable, as in
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in shallow seas under high pressure. Petroleum is mostly recovered from
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The oil well is created by drilling a long hole into the earth with an
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Recovery factor during the primary recovery stage is typically 5-15%.
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1973:
1803:
1632:
List of natural gas and oil production accidents in the United States
1523:
In 2023, the CDC published that 470 workers had died from 2014–2019.
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The amount of recoverable oil is determined by a number of factors:
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expansion of the associated gas initially dissolved in the crude oil
95:
19:"Oil extraction" redirects here. For the 1907 Azerbaijani film, see
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is the most common form of TEOR, and it is often done with a
1334:
and secondary oil recovery operations is between 35 and 45%.
1255:, reservoir drive comes from a number of natural mechanisms:
1714:"A technology web site of a passive - seismic based company"
2853:
1229:. A steel pipe (casing) is placed in the hole, to provide
1496:
Health and environmental impact of the petroleum industry
1844:"NORA Oil and Gas Extraction Council - Research Agenda"
1656:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1641:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1616:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1574:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1167:
are also used in the search for petroleum. Extracting
1502:
National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1453:
of the reservoir rock, i.e. the rock storage capacity
1329:. Gas reinjection and lift each use associated gas,
1123:
and other methods are used to locate oil reservoirs.
1111:
are formed through the mixture of plants, algae, and
3454:
1607:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1107:
that can be drawn from beneath the Earth's surface.
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1819:"CDC - NIOSH - NORA Oil and Gas Extraction Council"
1639: – Creation of a detailed record of a borehole
1259:
natural water displacing oil downward into the well
1593: – Aid for drilling boreholes into the ground
1663: – Term for a person whose job is hard labor
1614: – Fracturing bedrock by pressurized liquid
1516:include land transportation safety policies and
1581: – Practice of drilling non-vertical bores
1534:, such as oil, are responsible for 89% of the
1365:plant. This type of cogeneration plant uses a
1989:
1587: – Leader in charge during well drilling
1504:(NIOSH) as a priority industry sector in the
1081:
8:
1954:"Fossil fuels and climate change: the facts"
1930:"Fossil fuels and climate change: the facts"
1460:When the reservoir rocks are "tight", as in
1750:. European Commission Joint Research Center
1174:Historically in the United States, in some
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2826:
2111:
1996:
1982:
1974:
1876:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1605: – unit used in oil well intervention
1088:
1074:
978:
72:
1526:When oil and gas are burned they release
1421:of the extraction method and the current
1599: – Integrated system to drill wells
56:of all important aspects of the article.
2916:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
1680:
1017:
981:
84:
2790:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
2549:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
1771:
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1395:Another method to reduce viscosity is
52:Please consider expanding the lead to
1738:
1736:
1734:
1506:National Occupational Research Agenda
1292:and further to connect the well to a
7:
2921:China National Petroleum Corporation
1621:Inland Petroleum Distribution System
1627:List of countries by oil production
316:Radium and radon in the environment
16:Removal of petroleum from the earth
2981:National Iranian South Oil Company
2697:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
14:
3449:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
3338:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
2991:Oil & Gas Development Company
1410:, California's largest oilfield.
1147:Geologists and geophysicists use
3486:
3485:
1693:education.nationalgeographic.org
1667:Universal Master Control Station
1520:such as automated technologies.
1055:
1043:
94:
30:
2996:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
136:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
44:may be too short to adequately
3464:Society of Petroleum Engineers
3235:Port Harcourt Refining Company
2901:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
1005:Least polluted cities by PM2.5
54:provide an accessible overview
1:
2410:Production sharing agreements
1807:, USGS Bulletin 2172-H, 2005
1695:. National Geographic Society
476:Electrical resistance heating
3444:Canadian petroleum companies
3439:American Petroleum Institute
2976:National Iranian Oil Company
2961:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
1902:MMWR. Surveillance Summaries
1896:Wingate, Kaitlin C. (2023).
1603:Emergency disconnect package
1302:electrical submersible pumps
186:Persistent organic pollutant
3459:International Energy Agency
2444:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
1478:estimated ultimate recovery
1472:Estimated ultimate recovery
1266:at the top of the reservoir
1242:Oil extraction and recovery
1182:. Often many wells (called
3528:
3046:PTT Public Company Limited
2647:East Midlands Oil Province
2632:List of natural gas fields
2232:Integrated asset modelling
1493:
1218:
1159:Other instruments such as
18:
3481:
3418:Weatherford International
2951:Iraq National Oil Company
2011:
1538:. Carbon emissions cause
731:War and environmental law
351:Health effects from noise
201:Volatile organic compound
1510:transportation incidents
1264:associated petroleum gas
356:Marine mammals and sonar
3469:World Petroleum Council
3343:China Oilfield Services
2400:Petroleum fiscal regime
2099:Western Canadian Select
2094:West Texas Intermediate
1564:Blowout (well drilling)
1408:Midway-Sunset Oil Field
1397:carbon dioxide flooding
1109:Reservoirs of petroleum
831:Freshwater salinization
751:Agricultural wastewater
2946:Indian Oil Corporation
2432:Submersible pump (ESP)
2377:Underbalanced drilling
2198:of gasoline and diesel
1910:10.15585/mmwr.ss7208a1
1770:Cite journal requires
1417:. This depends on the
1347:
1253:primary recovery stage
1211:
1143:Locating the oil field
1050:Environment portal
3323:Cameron International
2765:Petrodollar recycling
2748:fossil fuel phase-out
2311:Differential sticking
2264:Reflection seismology
2237:Petroleum engineering
2079:OPEC Reference Basket
1789:"New Billions In Oil"
1352:tertiary oil recovery
1345:
1208:
791:Industrial wastewater
559:Municipal solid waste
481:Soil guideline values
21:Oil Extraction (film)
3512:Petroleum production
3220:Occidental Petroleum
2534:1990 oil price shock
2360:Shale oil extraction
2333:Drilling engineering
2316:Directional drilling
2242:Reservoir simulation
1612:Hydraulic fracturing
1579:Directional drilling
1518:engineering controls
1468:, oil flows freely.
1456:viscosity of the oil
1231:structural integrity
1000:Most polluted cities
652:Overhead power lines
3368:Naftiran Intertrade
3313:Amec Foster Wheeler
3240:Reliance Industries
3129:Naftiran Intertrade
2941:Hindustan Petroleum
2539:2000s energy crisis
1958:www.clientearth.org
1934:www.clientearth.org
1545:Oil can also cause
816:Ocean acidification
726:Unexploded ordnance
647:Advertising clutter
579:Post-consumer waste
524:Foam food container
509:Biodegradable waste
166:Global distillation
3215:Marathon Petroleum
2637:List of oil fields
2247:Reservoir modeling
2005:Petroleum industry
1743:E. Tzimas (2005).
1570:Deep well drilling
1551:pollutes the ocean
1423:price of crude oil
1379:San Joaquin Valley
1348:
1314:secondary recovery
1308:Secondary recovery
1212:
1184:multilateral wells
1062:Ecology portal
687:Herbicidal warfare
231:Introduced species
171:Indoor air quality
141:Chlorofluorocarbon
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3363:Nabors Industries
3293:
3292:
2491:Well intervention
2466:Petroleum product
2365:Ljungström method
2269:Seismic inversion
2254:Petroleum geology
2208:
2207:
1792:Popular Mechanics
1490:Health and safety
1338:Enhanced recovery
1262:expansion of the
1098:
1097:
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699:Nuclear holocaust
622:Urban heat island
436:Radioactive waste
221:Biological hazard
131:Air quality index
71:
70:
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3190:Hess Corporation
2911:Bharat Petroleum
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2514:1967 Oil Embargo
2350:Lost circulation
2188:Posted oil price
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2069:Isthmus-34 Light
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1716:. Archived from
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1247:Primary recovery
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979:
682:Chemical warfare
584:Waste management
544:Industrial waste
519:Electronic waste
504:Advertising mail
486:Phytoremediation
461:Land degradation
401:Depleted uranium
286:Overillumination
236:Invasive species
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2717:Classification
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2524:1979 oil crisis
2519:1973 oil crisis
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2454:Steam injection
2449:Gas reinjection
2417:Artificial lift
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1359:Steam injection
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1319:water injection
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1188:secondary wells
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1121:Seismic surveys
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1054:
1042:
1035:
1034:
934:
926:
925:
899:
891:
890:
826:Pharmaceuticals
806:Nonpoint source
746:
736:
735:
704:Nuclear fallout
677:
667:
666:
637:
627:
626:
617:
607:
606:
597:
589:
588:
574:Packaging waste
539:Hazardous waste
499:
491:
490:
451:
441:
440:
411:Nuclear fallout
406:Nuclear fission
386:
376:
375:
341:
331:
330:
306:
298:
297:
271:
269:Electromagnetic
261:
260:
251:
243:
242:
216:
206:
205:
176:Ozone depletion
121:
111:
86:
67:
61:
58:
51:
39:This article's
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3525:
3523:
3515:
3514:
3504:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3260:Surgutneftegas
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3180:Eneos Holdings
3177:
3172:
3170:ConocoPhillips
3167:
3162:
3160:Cenovus Energy
3157:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3101:Energy trading
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2839:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2787:
2785:Swing producer
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2657:Gulf of Mexico
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2544:2010s oil glut
2541:
2536:
2531:
2529:1980s oil glut
2526:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2396:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2338:Drilling fluid
2335:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2296:
2290:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2276:Seismic source
2273:
2272:
2271:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2074:Japan Cocktail
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2021:Primary energy
2018:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1970:
1969:
1945:
1921:
1888:
1860:
1835:
1810:
1796:
1781:
1772:|journal=
1730:
1705:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1649:
1643:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1594:
1591:Drilling fluid
1588:
1582:
1576:
1567:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1540:climate change
1530:into the air.
1528:carbon dioxide
1494:Main article:
1491:
1488:
1473:
1470:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1434:
1433:Recovery rates
1431:
1384:Occasionally,
1339:
1336:
1331:carbon dioxide
1309:
1306:
1286:Christmas tree
1274:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1260:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1219:Main article:
1216:
1213:
1144:
1141:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1052:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
995:Law by country
992:
984:
983:
977:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
935:
932:
931:
928:
927:
924:
923:
922:
921:
916:
906:
900:
897:
896:
893:
892:
889:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
866:Surface runoff
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
766:Eutrophication
763:
758:
753:
747:
742:
741:
738:
737:
734:
733:
728:
723:
721:Scorched earth
718:
717:
716:
714:Nuclear winter
711:
709:Nuclear famine
706:
696:
695:
694:
684:
678:
673:
672:
669:
668:
665:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
638:
633:
632:
629:
628:
625:
624:
618:
613:
612:
609:
608:
605:
604:
598:
595:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
500:
497:
496:
493:
492:
489:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
466:Bioremediation
463:
458:
452:
447:
446:
443:
442:
439:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
396:Bioremediation
393:
387:
382:
381:
378:
377:
374:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
346:Transportation
342:
337:
336:
333:
332:
329:
328:
323:
318:
313:
307:
304:
303:
300:
299:
296:
295:
293:Radio spectrum
290:
289:
288:
283:
272:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:
252:
249:
248:
245:
244:
241:
240:
239:
238:
228:
223:
217:
212:
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
161:Global dimming
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
122:
117:
116:
113:
112:
99:
91:
90:
82:
81:
69:
68:
48:the key points
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3524:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3492:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3296:
3286:
3285:Valero Energy
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3250:Suncor Energy
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2886:
2880:
2879:TotalEnergies
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2828:
2825:
2823:organisations
2821:Companies and
2819:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:Petrocurrency
2758:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2733:Oil shale gas
2731:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2713:Abbreviations
2711:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2672:Permian Basin
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2609:United States
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2569:Seven Sisters
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2222:Core sampling
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:Indian Basket
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1889:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1764:
1746:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1720:on 2007-09-28
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1585:Driller (oil)
1583:
1580:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1536:CO2 emissions
1533:
1529:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1350:Enhanced, or
1344:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1214:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1165:magnetometers
1162:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:oil platforms
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
986:
985:
980:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
930:
929:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
910:
907:
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3388:Schlumberger
3318:Baker Hughes
3210:Marathon Oil
3200:Imperial Oil
3195:Husky Energy
3185:Galp Energia
3175:Devon Energy
3061:Saudi Aramco
3041:Petrovietnam
2986:NNPC Limited
2890:National oil
2770:Petrofiction
2738:Orphan wells
2706:Other topics
2677:Persian Gulf
2604:Saudi Arabia
2574:Standard Oil
2391:
2382:Well logging
2259:Petrophysics
1961:. Retrieved
1957:
1948:
1937:. Retrieved
1933:
1924:
1913:. Retrieved
1901:
1891:
1880:. Retrieved
1873:
1863:
1852:. Retrieved
1850:. 2019-02-12
1847:
1838:
1827:. Retrieved
1825:. 2019-02-12
1822:
1813:
1804:
1799:
1791:
1784:
1763:cite journal
1752:. Retrieved
1722:. Retrieved
1718:the original
1708:
1697:. Retrieved
1692:
1683:
1646:Oil platform
1597:Drilling rig
1544:
1532:Fossil fuels
1525:
1522:
1499:
1482:
1475:
1459:
1442:permeability
1436:
1427:
1412:
1401:
1394:
1383:
1369:to generate
1363:cogeneration
1356:
1349:
1313:
1311:
1278:
1275:
1252:
1250:
1224:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1158:
1146:
1117:oil drilling
1099:
969:Point source
914:Heavy metals
876:Urban runoff
861:Sulfur water
836:Septic tanks
692:Agent Orange
602:Space debris
456:Agricultural
321:Volcanic ash
181:Particulates
62:January 2021
59:
43:
41:lead section
3358:Halliburton
3230:Phillips 66
3051:QatarEnergy
3021:Petrobangla
2956:KazMunayGas
2846:Supermajors
2795:heavy crude
2682:Prudhoe Bay
2662:Niger Delta
2642:Caspian Sea
2405:Concessions
2355:Measurement
2321:Geosteering
2304:Squeeze job
2214:Exploration
2163:Consumption
2122:Consumption
2115:Natural gas
2044:Bonny Light
1848:www.cdc.gov
1823:www.cdc.gov
1689:"Petroleum"
1444:of the rock
1386:surfactants
1371:electricity
1367:gas turbine
1251:During the
1210:Somaliland.
1190:) may pump
1161:gravimeters
1105:fossil fuel
939:Area source
781:Groundwater
534:Green waste
514:Brown waste
498:Solid waste
256:Information
151:Exhaust gas
3408:Transocean
3275:Tullow Oil
3265:TechnipFMC
3031:PetroChina
2869:ExxonMobil
2775:Shale band
2652:East Texas
2625:and fields
2439:Downstream
2392:Production
2299:Completion
2227:Geophysics
2168:Production
2127:Production
2064:Indonesian
2039:Argus Sour
2031:Benchmarks
1963:2024-02-27
1939:2024-02-27
1915:2023-09-02
1882:2018-11-02
1854:2019-03-14
1829:2019-03-14
1754:2012-11-01
1724:2007-08-31
1699:2022-10-30
1675:References
1637:Mud logger
1547:oil spills
1415:profitably
1390:detergents
1375:waste heat
1373:, and the
1298:beam pumps
1176:oil fields
1137:oil spills
1026:By country
1018:Categories
909:Pollutants
886:Wastewater
856:Stagnation
801:Monitoring
776:Freshwater
642:Air travel
529:Food waste
471:Defecation
281:Ecological
214:Biological
146:Combustion
76:Part of a
3403:TC Energy
3304:companies
3134:Trafigura
3081:Sonatrach
3026:Petrobras
3016:Pertamina
2926:Ecopetrol
2892:companies
2836:companies
2834:petroleum
2810:tight oil
2805:oil shale
2800:oil sands
2780:Shale gas
2721:sweet oil
2692:Venezuela
2667:North Sea
2623:Provinces
2614:Venezuela
2461:Midstream
2156:Petroleum
2016:Petroleum
1661:Roughneck
1484:Shale gas
1466:sandstone
1404:heavy oil
1290:well head
1288:) on the
1169:crude oil
1153:explosion
1113:sediments
1101:Petroleum
954:Garbology
871:Turbidity
821:Oil spill
771:Firewater
756:Biosolids
662:Vandalism
421:Poisoning
416:Plutonium
391:Actinides
384:Radiation
126:Acid rain
87:Pollution
46:summarize
3506:Category
3491:Category
3398:Subsea 7
3378:Petrofac
3373:NOV Inc.
3353:GE Power
3348:Enbridge
3302:services
3124:Mercuria
3114:Glencore
3076:Sonangol
3036:Petronas
2971:Naftogaz
2743:Peak oil
2726:sour oil
2481:Upstream
2476:Refining
2471:Pipeline
2427:Pumpjack
2422:Gas lift
2343:invasion
2286:Drilling
2173:Reserves
2132:Reserves
1652:Peak Oil
1557:See also
1549:, which
1451:porosity
1327:gas lift
1294:pipeline
1236:drilling
1221:Oil well
1215:Drilling
1133:gasoline
1125:Oil rigs
1010:Treaties
990:Diseases
846:Shipping
811:Nutrient
761:Diseases
326:Wildfire
105:oil well
101:Pumpjack
3066:Sinopec
3056:Rosneft
2936:Gazprom
2931:Equinor
2859:Chevron
2506:History
2372:Tracers
2294:Blowout
2183:Exports
2178:Imports
2142:Exports
2137:Imports
1227:oil rig
1149:seismic
904:History
786:Hypoxia
615:Thermal
569:Plastic
431:Uranium
305:Natural
250:Digital
226:Genetic
3432:Others
3383:Saipem
3280:Tüpraş
3270:TNK-BP
3255:Sunoco
3245:Repsol
3205:Lukoil
3148:Others
3119:Gunvor
2753:timing
2687:Russia
2599:Norway
2584:France
2579:Canada
1282:valves
1180:Alaska
964:Midden
959:Legacy
944:Debris
898:Topics
851:Sludge
841:Sewage
796:Marine
635:Visual
554:Mining
549:Litter
103:on an
78:series
3299:Major
3165:Cepsa
3139:Vitol
3109:Enron
3071:SOCAR
3011:Pemex
3006:PDVSA
3001:Orlen
2966:Lotos
2906:ANCAP
2874:Shell
2831:Major
2589:India
2193:Price
2147:Price
2089:Urals
2084:Tapis
2054:Dubai
2049:Brent
1874:U.S.
1748:(PDF)
1462:shale
1284:(the
1200:acids
1196:steam
1192:water
1103:is a
982:Lists
974:Waste
919:Paint
744:Water
596:Space
339:Noise
311:Ozone
276:Light
109:Texas
3393:Snam
3333:CH2M
3086:TPAO
2594:Iraq
2564:OPEC
2559:GECF
2108:Data
1776:help
1419:cost
1325:and
1300:and
1163:and
1127:and
949:Dust
933:Misc
449:Soil
196:Soot
191:Smog
156:Haze
3328:CGG
3225:OMV
3091:YPF
2864:Eni
1906:doi
1553:.
675:War
119:Air
107:in
3508::
2854:BP
2496:XT
1956:.
1932:.
1904:.
1900:.
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