33:
131:. Exurbs can be defined in terms of population density across the extended urban area, for example "the urban core (old urban areas including Siming and Huli, where the population density is greater than 51 persons per ha), the suburban zone (old urban and new urban transitional zones including Haicang and Jimei, where the population density is greater than 8 persons per ha), and the exurban areas (newly urbanized areas including Tong'an and Xiang'an, where the population density is less than 8 persons per ha)". The mixture of urban and rural environments raises ecological issues.
44:
1252:
239:, exurban areas incorporate pre-existing towns, villages and smaller cities, as well as strips of older single-family homes built along pre-existing roads that connected the older population centers of what was once a rural area. The Brookings Institution listed exurban counties, defined as having at least 20% of their residents in exurban
396:
Zhang, Ying; Chen, Zuzhan; Sun, Hongkai; Zhang, Shili; Liu, Haoqian (December 1, 2019). "Study on the
Utilization of Vacant Houses in Rural Exurbs Under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy by Taking Shenjia Village in Hunan Province as an Example".
320:"Here the term exurb is taken from the North American planning literature, and is used to designate agglomerations of housing and jobs outside the municipal boundaries of a primary city. Such exurbs may have independent municipal governance."
234:
Exurban areas incorporate a mix of rural development (e.g., farms and open space) and in places, suburban-style development (e.g., tracts of single-family homes, though usually on large lots). In long-settled areas, such as the U.S.
127:
for an urban area. In other uses the term has expanded to include popular extraurban districts which nonetheless may have poor transportation and underdeveloped economies due to distance from the
197:
in 2006, the term is generally used for areas beyond suburbs and specifically less densely built and populated than the suburbs to which the exurbs' residents commute. To qualify as exurban, a
87:, due to its dominant residential character. Exurbs consist of "agglomerations of housing and jobs outside the municipal boundaries of a primary city" and beyond the surrounding suburbs.
419:
Ren, Y., Wei, X., Wei, X., Pan, J., Xie, P., Song, X., Peng, D., & Zhao, J. (2011). "Relationship between vegetation carbon storage and urbanization: A case study of Xiamen, China".
841:
360:"The GDA was split into four zones each encompassing development at increasing radii from Dublin's city centre, namely: city centre, suburbs, exurbs and commuter towns."
446:
1281:
32:
531:
We first identify exurbs using census tracts—small areas with an average of 4,000 people—and then aggregate these areas to the county level for further analysis.
1063:
52:
1056:
711:
514:
1068:
1073:
936:
460:
Vinzant, Carol (December 17, 2007). "Dog vs. bear: release the hounds! A new weapon in the battle to keep New Jersey exurbs bear-free".
302:
Shirgaokar, M (2014). "Employment centers and travel behavior: exploring the work commute of Mumbai's rapidly motorizing middle class".
184:
75:, which has some economic and commuting connection to the metro area, low housing density, and growth. It shapes an interface between
597:
208:
Low housing density: bottom third of census tracts with regard to housing density. In 2000, this was a minimum of 2.6 acres (1.1
1187:
786:
332:"Land use planning in Ireland – a life cycle energy analysis of recent residential development in the Greater Dublin Area"
224:
482:
931:
257:
1301:
1296:
1152:
926:
836:
331:
1291:
48:
112:
1276:
1177:
846:
262:
1162:
1051:
1023:
908:
1286:
1202:
993:
983:
968:
826:
768:
440:
236:
194:
83:
landscapes holding a limited urban nature for its functional, economic, and social interaction with the
1192:
1167:
590:
1232:
851:
462:
1131:
562:
351:
145:
543:
Taylor, Laura (2011), "No boundaries: exurbia and the study of contemporary urban dispersion",
43:
1217:
1126:
998:
951:
946:
736:
691:
375:
216:
72:
1237:
1182:
1136:
1106:
1043:
1013:
793:
554:
428:
343:
311:
1116:
1028:
818:
803:
721:
614:
583:
151:
37:
1212:
1172:
918:
898:
726:
659:
1270:
1256:
1227:
1197:
1121:
1111:
1101:
1096:
941:
893:
669:
566:
124:
355:
1207:
1091:
988:
973:
866:
808:
781:
758:
716:
315:
267:
252:
240:
223:
These are based on published datasets. Alternative approaches include working with
198:
128:
432:
47:
Exurban development (left side) blends into suburban development (right side) in
1033:
1018:
903:
871:
856:
831:
776:
753:
706:
686:
679:
674:
654:
627:
515:"Finding Exurbia: America's Fast-Growing Communities at the Metropolitan Fringe"
513:
Berube, Alan; Singer, Audrey; Wilson, Jill H.; Frey, William H. (October 2006).
483:"Moscow's poshest neighborhood is shockingly empty as money pours out of Russia"
100:
84:
36:
Exurban-style density along the
Pennsylvania–Maryland–Delaware border, part of
1222:
1157:
1008:
958:
798:
731:
696:
622:
558:
545:
347:
80:
76:
978:
886:
748:
743:
664:
649:
171:
379:
1083:
1003:
876:
701:
632:
209:
68:
17:
963:
861:
639:
120:
158:
42:
31:
881:
606:
579:
228:
287:
Fra Paleo, Urbano (2004). "Exurbia". In Caves, R. W. (ed.).
119:, to describe the ring of prosperous communities beyond the
575:
215:
Population growth exceeding the average for its central
374:. Lippincott, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co.
1145:
1082:
1042:
917:
817:
767:
613:
336:The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
67:) is an area outside the typically denser inner
591:
521:. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution
27:Area of lower population density than suburbs
8:
445:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
598:
584:
576:
205:Economic connection to a large metropolis.
391:
389:
508:
506:
504:
279:
1282:Urban studies and planning terminology
438:
53:Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area
414:
412:
7:
937:Technical aspects of urban planning
185:List of exurbs in the United States
25:
1250:
712:Cities with the most skyscrapers
1188:Sustainable Development Goal 11
1069:Most populous national capitals
399:Earth and Environmental Science
370:Spectorsky, Auguste C. (1955).
1074:Most populous satellite cities
316:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.10.003
304:Journal of Transport Geography
38:Philadelphia metropolitan area
1:
1064:Most densely populated cities
421:Forest Ecology and Management
225:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
51:, in the western part of the
433:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.038
519:Living Cities Census Series
1318:
932:Theories of urban planning
258:Rural-urban commuting area
201:must meet three criteria:
182:
1246:
927:History of urban planning
837:Central business district
559:10.1007/s10708-009-9300-y
401:. IOP conference series.
348:10.1007/s11367-009-0059-7
291:. Routledge. p. 254.
289:Encyclopedia of the City
113:Auguste Comte Spectorsky
49:Loudoun County, Virginia
1178:Million Tree Initiative
481:Salomatin, Konstantin.
1163:Ecological engineering
1052:World's largest cities
1024:Cycling infrastructure
909:Peri-urban agriculture
56:
40:
1203:Urban forest inequity
994:Multiple nuclei model
984:Concentric zone model
969:Mixed-use development
842:Most expensive cities
827:World's cities by GDP
237:Northeast megalopolis
195:Brookings Institution
46:
35:
1193:Sustainable urbanism
1168:Green infrastructure
1233:Urban reforestation
852:Most livable cities
135:Examples by country
115:, in his 1955 book
71:, at the edge of a
1132:Urban homesteading
1057:throughout history
263:Rural–urban fringe
227:LandScan data and
146:Changping District
57:
41:
1264:
1263:
1257:Cities portal
1218:Urban heat island
1127:Urban exploration
999:Linear settlement
947:Public open space
787:direct-controlled
737:Abandoned village
692:Metropolitan area
330:Duffy, A (2009).
217:metropolitan area
157:Shenjia village,
73:metropolitan area
63:(or alternately:
16:(Redirected from
1309:
1302:1950s neologisms
1297:Public transport
1255:
1254:
1253:
1238:Zero-carbon city
1183:Sustainable city
1137:Unitary urbanism
1107:Urban morphology
1044:Urban population
1014:Bicycle-friendly
794:Independent city
769:Urban government
727:Shrinking cities
600:
593:
586:
577:
570:
569:
540:
534:
533:
528:
526:
510:
499:
498:
496:
494:
487:business insider
478:
472:
471:
457:
451:
450:
444:
436:
427:(7): 1214–1223.
416:
407:
406:
393:
384:
383:
367:
361:
359:
327:
321:
319:
299:
293:
292:
284:
161:, Hunan province
111:) was coined by
21:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1292:Rural geography
1267:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1242:
1141:
1117:Urban sociology
1078:
1038:
1029:Pedestrian zone
913:
847:Cheapest cities
819:Urban economics
813:
804:Autonomous city
763:
722:Suburbanization
615:Urban geography
609:
604:
574:
573:
542:
541:
537:
524:
522:
512:
511:
502:
492:
490:
480:
479:
475:
459:
458:
454:
437:
418:
417:
410:
395:
394:
387:
372:The Exurbanites
369:
368:
364:
329:
328:
324:
301:
300:
296:
286:
285:
281:
276:
249:
212:) per resident.
191:Finding Exurbia
187:
181:
168:
152:Shunyi District
142:
137:
117:The Exurbanites
105:extra (outside)
93:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1315:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1277:Types of towns
1269:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1213:Urban forestry
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1173:Green urbanism
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1153:Climate change
1149:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
955:
954:
944:
942:Urban planners
939:
934:
929:
923:
921:
919:Urban planning
915:
914:
912:
911:
906:
901:
899:Municipal bond
896:
891:
890:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
823:
821:
815:
814:
812:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
790:
789:
779:
773:
771:
765:
764:
762:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
740:
739:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
683:
682:
672:
667:
662:
660:Satellite city
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
636:
635:
625:
619:
617:
611:
610:
605:
603:
602:
595:
588:
580:
572:
571:
553:(4): 323–339,
535:
500:
473:
452:
408:
385:
362:
342:(3): 268–277.
322:
294:
278:
277:
275:
272:
271:
270:
265:
260:
255:
248:
245:
221:
220:
213:
206:
193:report by the
180:
177:
176:
175:
167:
164:
163:
162:
155:
149:
141:
138:
136:
133:
125:commuter towns
92:
89:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1314:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1259:
1258:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1228:Urban prairie
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1198:Urban ecology
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:Anti-urbanism
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:Urban culture
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1102:Urban studies
1100:
1098:
1097:Urban warfare
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
953:
950:
949:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
922:
920:
916:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
894:Urban renewal
892:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
822:
820:
816:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
788:
785:
784:
783:
780:
778:
775:
774:
772:
770:
766:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
738:
735:
734:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
681:
678:
677:
676:
673:
671:
670:Commuter town
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
634:
631:
630:
629:
626:
624:
621:
620:
618:
616:
612:
608:
601:
596:
594:
589:
587:
582:
581:
578:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
547:
539:
536:
532:
520:
516:
509:
507:
505:
501:
488:
484:
477:
474:
469:
465:
464:
456:
453:
448:
442:
434:
430:
426:
422:
415:
413:
409:
404:
400:
392:
390:
386:
381:
377:
373:
366:
363:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
326:
323:
317:
313:
309:
305:
298:
295:
290:
283:
280:
273:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
250:
246:
244:
242:
241:Census tracts
238:
232:
230:
226:
218:
214:
211:
207:
204:
203:
202:
200:
196:
192:
186:
179:United States
178:
173:
170:
169:
165:
160:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
139:
134:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
90:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
69:suburban area
66:
62:
54:
50:
45:
39:
34:
30:
19:
1287:Urbanization
1248:
1208:Urban forest
1092:New Urbanism
989:Sector model
974:Urban design
867:Modern ruins
809:Capital city
782:Municipality
759:College town
717:Urbanization
644:
550:
544:
538:
530:
523:. Retrieved
518:
491:. Retrieved
486:
476:
467:
461:
455:
441:cite journal
424:
420:
402:
398:
371:
365:
339:
335:
325:
307:
303:
297:
288:
282:
268:White flight
253:Bedroom town
233:
222:
199:census tract
190:
188:
129:urban center
116:
108:
104:
96:
94:
85:urban center
65:exurban area
64:
60:
58:
29:
1146:Environment
1034:Walkability
1019:Cyclability
952:Green space
904:Habitat III
872:Shanty town
857:Urban decay
832:Global city
777:City status
754:Closed city
707:Megalopolis
687:Conurbation
675:City proper
655:Twin cities
628:City centre
405:(2): 22055.
310:: 249–258.
123:, that are
101:portmanteau
91:Definitions
1271:Categories
1223:Urban park
1158:Eco-cities
1009:Smart city
959:Urban wild
799:City-state
732:Ghost town
697:Metropolis
623:Urban area
546:GeoJournal
493:August 11,
274:References
189:Since the
183:See also:
159:Loudi city
979:Grid plan
887:Squatting
749:Tent city
744:Lost city
665:Edge city
650:Core city
567:128461360
525:August 3,
489:. insider
172:Rublyovka
154:, Beijing
148:, Beijing
95:The word
1084:Urbanism
1004:Land use
877:Skid row
702:Megacity
633:Downtown
470:(45): 2.
463:New York
356:56212626
247:See also
210:hectares
174:, Moscow
121:suburbs
18:Exurbia
964:Zoning
862:Ghetto
680:limits
640:Suburb
607:Cities
565:
380:476943
378:
354:
166:Russia
645:Exurb
563:S2CID
352:S2CID
140:China
109:urban
97:exurb
81:rural
77:urban
61:exurb
882:Slum
527:2020
495:2020
447:link
376:OCLC
107:and
79:and
555:doi
429:doi
425:261
403:371
344:doi
312:doi
229:GIS
103:of
99:(a
59:An
1273::
561:,
551:76
549:,
529:.
517:.
503:^
485:.
468:40
466:.
443:}}
439:{{
423:.
411:^
388:^
350:.
340:14
338:.
334:.
308:41
306:.
243:.
231:.
599:e
592:t
585:v
557::
497:.
449:)
435:.
431::
382:.
358:.
346::
318:.
314::
219:.
55:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
