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134:, which improved on DeBroff's methodology, found eye black to reduce glare from the sun in women and in those whose eye-color was not blue. The study also tested males and blue-eyed subjects. However, the results were not statistically significant due to a too-small sample size of those test subjects. Some testing was also performed indoors under artificial lighting when inclement weather prohibited outdoor testing. However, those results showed little difference and were not statistically significant. The Powers study was not a
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stripe. This stripe has been evolved over time to serve the exact same purpose as it does in humans as described above, which is to reduce the glare from the sun into the bird's eyes, thus making it easier to spot prey. This evolutionary trait is not exclusive to birds, as some land mammals like the
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tested whether eye black reduces glare. They determined that, while eye black does not eliminate glare, it does improve an athlete's ability to differentiate between light and dark, enhancing a player's ability to track moving objects in a sunny environment.
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A 2003 study by Brian DeBroff and
Patricia Pahk tested whether black eye grease actually had anti-glare properties. The subjects of the study were divided into three groups: wearers of eye black, wearers of anti-glare stickers, and wearers of
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Some athletes, particularly at the college level, began a practice of writing short messages on their adhesive eye black stickers. The trend gained traction among football players in the mid-2000s, popularized by
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study because those in contact with the test subjects knew which substance was applied. Also, the eye tests were performed at a distance of only 1.15 metres (3 ft 9 in).
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Playing Rules
Oversight Panel (PROP) approved a proposal effecting "that players are not allowed to have any symbols or messages on their eye black starting in the 2010 season."
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verses, memorial tributes, and licensed university logos. The displays began to garner widespread media attention surrounding
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sensitivity, whereas commercial anti-glare stickers and petroleum jelly (the control substance) were found to be ineffective.
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294:"The Ability of Periorbitally Applied Antiglare Products to Improve Contrast Sensitivity in Conditions of Sunlight Exposure"
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One of the earliest known instances of a player wearing eye black is baseball legend
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players to mitigate the effects of bright sunlight or stadium floodlights.
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The study concluded that eye black reduced glare of the sun and improved
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355:"Solved Help on those i try it few times, cant find the | Chegg.com"
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also have similar markings on their face to aid with tracking prey.
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Eye Black Used to Cut Glare, or Turn Up
Spotlight - New York Times
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sitting in a tree, displaying its malar stripes as it watches for
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episode summary "Baseball Player's Eye Black Cuts Out Glare""
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is also a factor in the results due to chart repetition.
460:"For Cheetahs Speed Is Important, but So Is Eyesight"
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Finnish player of
American football wearing eye black
292:Brian M. DeBroff and Patricia J. Pahk (July 2003).
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114:However, the study was subject to unavoidable
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100:. The subjects' vision was tested using an
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37:is a grease or strip applied under the
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337:University of New Hampshire Inquiry
181:; other popular messages included
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333:"Why Do Athletes Use Eye Black?"
278:from the original on 2008-10-03.
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433:Angela.Jamoso (2024-01-03).
403:Johnson, Greg (2010-04-15).
268:"The evolution of eye black"
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229:In some birds, such as the
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132:University of New Hampshire
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266:Lukas, Paul (2006-11-21).
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435:"What is a Malar stripe?"
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381:MythBusters
272:ESPN Page 2
175:Reggie Bush
157:Adam Savage
152:MythBusters
143:MythBusters
116:demand bias
85:Andy Farkas
501:Categories
469:2024-05-15
444:2024-05-15
419:2010-04-16
388:2015-03-26
364:2024-05-31
250:References
91:2003 study
41:to reduce
507:Cosmetics
197:In nature
187:Tim Tebow
102:eye chart
71:Babe Ruth
35:Eye black
21:Black eye
318:12860804
276:Archived
233:and the
179:hometown
109:contrast
76:ESPN.com
59:lacrosse
55:softball
51:baseball
244:cheetah
223:cheetah
83:player
65:History
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57:, and
239:malar
183:Bible
43:glare
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314:PMID
211:prey
191:NCAA
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39:eyes
306:doi
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