35:
1116:
1706:. Abidi & Gargesh 2008 discusses this "Indianization of Persian", citing both the borrowing of words from Indian languages and the use of expressions which are semantically and emotionally Indian. Code mixing with Indian languages is found at the levels of morpheme, phrase, and clause. Compound words include one item from Persian and the other from Hindi; and the
1548:
particle is still a relative pronoun, which declines for gender and number. However, rather than translating it as "which," as its etymological origin suggests, a more accurate translation for the New
Persian use of ezafe would be a linking genitive/attributive "of" or, in the case of adjectives, not
1556:
language and most East
Iranian languages, where the possessives and adjectives normally precede their head noun without a linker, an argument has been put forward that the ezafe construction ultimately represents a substrate feature, more specifically, an outcome of the
1893:
Sometimes Hindi words were used with
Persian izafat as in ray-i-rayan (1255), jatra-i-Kashi (820), chitthi-i-huzur (820). But the more interesting aspect of the jargon is the combination of Hindi and Persian words in order to make an idiom, e.g.
1701:
Persian not only spread its lexical and some morphological influences into the indigenous languages with which it came into contact, but also was itself influenced by its Indian environment, developing a new literary variety,
640:, a short vowel "i" is used to connect these two words, and when pronouncing the newly formed word the short vowel is connected to the first word. If the first word ends in a consonant or an
636:, is a syntactical construction of two nouns, where the first component is a determined noun, and the second is a determiner. This construction was borrowed from Persian. In
2040:
Haig, Geoffrey (2011). "Linker, relativizer, nominalizer, tense-particle: On the Ezafe in West
Iranian". In Foong Ha Yap; Karen Grunow-Hårsta; Janick Wrona (eds.).
1288:
declines in accordance to the gender, definiteness, and number of the noun that precedes it. It is used in adjectival declension and forming the genitive:
34:
1215:
settings or to phrases imported wholesale from
Persian since Hindustani expresses the genitive with the native declined possessive postposition
2057:
1738:
1694:
2173:
2110:
2019:
1163:
1807:
Not only the vocabulary but the very structure of the
Persian language had undergone some modifications in the hands of the Hindu
1141:
1561:
influence on Old
Persian, which followed the Iranian migration to the territories previously inhabited by the Elamites.
1926:
1407:
1390:
construct, with the first noun being in any case, and the second being in the genitive case, as in Arabic or Latin.
101:
after vowels) between the words it connects and often approximately corresponds in usage to the
English preposition
1281:
1252:
2120:
1467:
1137:
1225:, is an example of the use of the ezafe in Hindustani. Other examples of ezafe in Hindustani include terms like
2168:
1181:
1126:
1383:
language (such as Latin, Greek, and Proto-Germanic). A genitive construction would have looked much like an
1380:
1145:
1130:
2124:
1513:
613:
construction are said in
English to be in possessed-possessor construction (where the possessed is in the
27:
This article is about a grammatical particle in
Persian. For the corresponding phenomenon in Arabic, see
2126:
Modern Persian Conversation-Grammar with Reading Lessons, English-Persian Vocabulary and Persian Letters
1648:
323:
594:
66:
1285:
78:
60:
2147:
1449:(meaning "which") began to be interposed between the first element and its genitive attribute.
2049:
2106:
2053:
2015:
1734:
1690:
1413:
1330:
1271:
1177:
197:
70:
670:) at the end of the first word, but usually is not written at all. If the first word ends in
2139:
2089:
2041:
1558:
1541:
1238:
106:
82:
51:
39:
1570:
1505:
614:
114:
74:
1761:'without shame, shameless' Another interesting construction borrowed from Persian is the
1639:
1586:
1495:
1185:
110:
1581:
28:
2178:
2162:
2151:
2143:
2042:
1244:
1221:
1180:
and in Turkic languages, which have historically borrowed many phrases from Persian.
835:
582:
2080:
Karimi, Yadgar (2007). "Kurdish Ezafe construction: implications for DP structure".
1765:
construction, which in Hindi-Urdu, especially in Urdu, contrasts with the genitive =
1387:
578:
1607:
1575:
1211:. Ezafe is also used frequently in Hindustani, but its use is mostly restricted to
894:
586:
2093:
2030:
1184:
made extensive use of ezafe, borrowing it from Persian (the official name of the
1753:'without', which form Hindi-Urdu compound words (Schmidt 1999: 20-252): (52) a.
1428:
1376:
1115:
161:"my brother", but in speech it is much more common to use possessive suffixes:
109:
script, which is normally written without short vowels, but it is indicated in
1686:
840:
822:
801:
637:
1444:
1438:
1419:
1405:
1394:
2068:
2044:
Nominalization in Asian Languages: Diachronic and typological perspectives
1508:), and after noun case endings passed out of usage, this relative pronoun
1194:
617:
and any case, and the possessor is in the genitive case and any state).
2134:
Yakubovich, Ilya (2020). "Persian ezāfe as a contact-induced feature".
1553:
1516:
in New Persian), became a genitive "construct" marker. Thus the phrase
1479:
1264:
598:
1384:
1212:
574:
17:
1683:
The Languages and Linguistics of South Asia: A Comprehensive Guide
629:
33:
1189:
2067:
Harvey, Scott L.; Lehmann, Winfred P.; Slocum, Jonathan (2004).
633:
1714:
are found joining Hindi words (Abidi & Gargesh 2008: 112).
1109:
150:"Mary's brother" (it can also apply to pronominal possession,
1499:
273:
ending. If a word ends in the short vowel (designated by a
1805:. Superintendent Government Printing. 1911. p. xxxv.
1241:(Bangladeshi) constructions especially for titles such as
2048:. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp.
1927:"Persian Online – Grammar & Resources » Ezāfe 1"
1891:. India Imperial Record Department. 1959. p. xxiv.
1329:
Besides the above mentioned languages, ezafe is used in
585:
construction between two or more nouns, expressed using
1274:
also has an ezafe-like construction, as for example in
1379:, nouns had case endings, just like every other early
2069:"Old Persian: excerpts from Darian Inscription DB IV"
1520:
1489:
1483:
1258:
1250:
1242:
339:
327:
317:
305:
293:
274:
258:
243:
232:
222:
208:
195:
181:
167:
156:
145:
1729:
Kiss, Tibor; Alexiadou, Artemis (13 November 2015).
1957:
1779:
1777:
1724:
1722:
1653:
1823:(priest of the place of the place of pilgrimage),
1232:
1226:
1088:
1054:
1020:
975:
930:
883:
759:
685:
671:
655:
641:
609:between the two words. In Arabic, two words in an
105:. It is generally not indicated in writing in the
73:, as well as Persian-influenced languages such as
1681:Hock, Hans Henrich; Bashir, Elena (24 May 2016).
1797:
1795:
1676:
1674:
1237:"praiseworthy". It can also be found in the neo-
1437:However, over time, a relative pronoun such as
1316:
1304:
1292:
1275:
1745:There are also Persian prepositions, such as
1525:
540:
516:
509:
500:
493:
465:
458:
430:
402:
374:
367:
333:
311:
299:
279:
264:
248:
237:
217:
203:
190:
176:
162:
151:
140:
8:
2075:. Austin: The University of Texas at Austin.
1784:Bhatia, Tej K.; Ritchie, William C. (2006).
800:) is added at the end of the first word. In
85:, it consists of the unstressed short vowel
1540:In other modern Iranian languages, such as
1301:"The Boss' office" (The office of the boss)
1144:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1079:
1045:
1011:
966:
921:
874:
858:
805:
742:). If the first word ends in a long vowel (
547:
472:
437:
409:
381:
118:
1993:
1072:
1070:
1038:
1036:
1004:
1002:
991:
959:
957:
946:
914:
912:
901:
867:
865:
847:
795:
793:
787:
785:
779:
777:
767:
765:
753:
751:
745:
743:
737:
735:
729:
727:
721:
719:
713:
711:
701:
699:
693:
691:
679:
677:
664:
661:
649:
647:
1176:Besides Persian, ezafe is found in other
1164:Learn how and when to remove this message
1875:
1325:"Outside his office" (The office of his)
812:
346:
81:, that links two words together. In the
1969:
1913:
1670:
1599:
322:is prevented from joining by placing a
1945:
1731:Syntax - Theory and Analysis. Volume 3
1552:Since the ezafe is not typical of the
1478:, which in Eastern Iranian languages (
1811:. They used Hindi words with Persian
1769:postposition (Schmidt 1999: 246-247).
7:
1981:
1284:(the Albanian communist party). The
1190:
1142:adding citations to reliable sources
1537:(is) good" rather than "good man."
1526:
1219:. The title of the Bollywood film,
541:
517:
510:
501:
494:
466:
459:
431:
403:
375:
334:
312:
300:
280:
265:
249:
238:
227:"Tehran Street" or "Road to Tehran"
218:
204:
191:
177:
163:
152:
141:
55:
1889:Calendar of Persian Correspondence
1803:Calendar of Persian Correspondence
804:, these characters are written as
288:may be marked either by placing a
25:
1958:Harvey, Lehmann & Slocum 2004
1850:The short vowel "ــِـ" (known as
1733:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 50.
1333:in Syria, Iraq, Turkey and Iran:
758:), then a different variation of
718:) is used above the last letter (
581:("addition"), where it denotes a
2144:10.31857/0373-658X.2020.5.91-114
1474:stems from the relative pronoun
1114:
1470:states that the modern Persian
589:. However, whereas the Iranian
1504:(spelled with the letter Y in
189:Given name/title-family name:
1:
2012:Modern Persian: A Course-Book
1710:construction and conjunctive
569:The Persian grammatical term
2094:10.1016/j.lingua.2007.02.010
1786:The Handbook of Bilingualism
1500:
1445:
1439:
1420:
1406:
1395:
1199:), but it is transcribed as
1195:
2014:. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
1654:
1521:
1490:
1484:
1402:"by the will of Auramazda"
1277:Partia e Punës e Shqipërisë
1259:
1251:
1243:
1233:
1227:
1089:
1055:
1021:
976:
931:
884:
760:
686:
672:
656:
642:
340:
328:
318:
306:
294:
275:
259:
244:
233:
223:
209:
196:
182:
168:
157:
146:
131:Common uses of the Persian
2195:
1827:(sacred bath at Benares),
1757:'with faith, faithful' b.
1282:Party of Labour of Albania
1196:Devlet-i Âliye-i Osmaniyye
113:, which is written in the
26:
1866:depending on the dialect.
1643:
1468:William St. Clair Tisdall
1080:
1071:
1065:the surface of the Earth
1046:
1037:
1012:
1003:
992:
990:
967:
958:
947:
922:
913:
902:
875:
866:
859:
857:
829:
826:
821:
818:
815:
806:
794:
786:
778:
766:
752:
744:
736:
728:
720:
712:
700:
692:
678:
648:
548:
508:
487:
478:
473:
471:
438:
410:
382:
368:
366:
269:) intervening before the
231:After final long vowels (
119:
65:'addition') is a
38:Written Form of Ezāfe in
2174:Ottoman Turkish language
2029:Delacy, Richard (2003).
2010:Abrahams, Simin (2005).
1819:(pilgrimage to Prayag),
1533:historically means "man
654:), it may be written as
2101:Moshiri, Leila (1988).
1833:darshan i sri Jagannath
1313:"In an adjacent office"
1257:(Islamic assembly) and
941:the queen of the world
601:), in Arabic, the word
563:the uncle of Muhammad
2032:Beginner's Urdu Script
1835:(visit to Jagannath),
1431:(God)" (genitive case)
1348:
1337:
1317:
1305:
1293:
1276:
848:
662:
593:denotes a grammatical
326:, known in Persian as
304:) or a non-connecting
42:
2136:Voprosy Jazykoznanija
2121:Tisdall, W. St. Clair
2105:. London: Routledge.
1815:(case - endin) viz ,
784:, obtained by adding
605:actually denotes the
573:is borrowed from the
453:University of Tehran
324:zero-width non-joiner
37:
1896:loot u taraj sakhtan
1231:"death penalty" and
1191:دولتِ عَليۀ عُثمانيه
1138:improve this section
67:grammatical particle
1972:, pp. 21, 184.
1858:) is pronounced as
1788:. pp. 789–790.
1249:(Tiger of Bengal),
292:diacritic over the
216:Linking two nouns:
198:Mohammad-e Mosaddeq
2103:Colloquial Persian
2073:Old Iranian Online
1948:, pp. 99–100.
1839:(merchant's firm).
1831:(courier's dawk),
1498:) shortened it to
1462:(is) of Auramazdah
1106:In other languages
895:the lion of Punjab
356:Example (in Tajik)
186:"the big brother".
123:without a hyphen.
43:
2088:(12): 2159–2177.
2059:978-90-272-0677-0
1916:, pp. 21–23.
1740:978-3-11-039315-6
1696:978-3-11-042338-9
1652:
1414:Instrumental case
1272:Albanian language
1178:Iranian languages
1174:
1173:
1166:
1103:
1102:
1031:the wine of love
567:
566:
425:Islamic republic
397:Persian language
71:Iranian languages
64:
16:(Redirected from
2186:
2155:
2130:
2116:
2097:
2076:
2063:
2047:
2036:
2025:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1837:kothi i mahajani
1821:purohit i tirtha
1799:
1790:
1789:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1726:
1717:
1716:
1678:
1658:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1604:
1549:translating it.
1542:Northern Kurdish
1529:
1528:
1524:
1515:
1503:
1493:
1487:
1448:
1442:
1426:
1411:
1401:
1366:The Tigris River
1362:
1344:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1286:linking particle
1279:
1262:
1256:
1248:
1239:Bengali language
1236:
1230:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1169:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1118:
1110:
1096:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1062:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1028:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1007:
1006:
999:
998:
997:
996:
983:
972:
971:
970:
963:
962:
961:
954:
953:
952:
951:
938:
927:
926:
925:
918:
917:
916:
909:
908:
907:
906:
891:
880:
879:
878:
871:
870:
869:
862:
861:
855:
853:
852:
813:
809:
808:
799:
798:
797:
791:
790:
789:
783:
782:
781:
771:
770:
769:
763:
757:
756:
755:
749:
748:
747:
741:
740:
739:
733:
732:
731:
725:
724:
723:
717:
716:
715:
705:
704:
703:
697:
696:
695:
689:
683:
682:
681:
675:
669:
666:
659:
653:
652:
651:
645:
551:
550:
544:
543:
520:
519:
513:
512:
504:
503:
497:
496:
488:Luxurious House
476:
475:
469:
468:
462:
461:
441:
440:
439:Донишгоҳи Теҳрон
434:
433:
413:
412:
406:
405:
385:
384:
378:
377:
371:
370:
347:
343:
337:
336:
331:
321:
315:
314:
309:
303:
302:
297:
283:
282:
278:
268:
267:
262:
253:) in words, the
252:
251:
247:
241:
240:
236:
226:
224:khiâbân-e Tehrân
221:
220:
212:
210:âghâ-ye Mosaddeq
207:
206:
201:
194:
193:
185:
183:barâdar-e bozorg
180:
179:
175:Adjective-noun:
171:
166:
165:
160:
155:
154:
149:
147:barâdar-e Maryam
144:
143:
127:Ezafe in Persian
122:
121:
83:Persian language
59:
57:
40:Persian Alphabet
21:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2169:Persian grammar
2159:
2158:
2133:
2129:. London: Nutt.
2119:
2113:
2100:
2079:
2066:
2060:
2039:
2028:
2022:
2009:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1994:Yakubovich 2020
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1900:swargvas shudan
1887:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1849:
1845:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1783:
1782:
1775:
1741:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1697:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1571:Nominative case
1567:
1506:Pahlavi scripts
1396:vašnā Auramazdā
1375:Originally, in
1373:
1368:
1360:
1354:
1346:
1342:
1253:Jamaat-e-Islami
1182:Ottoman Turkish
1170:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1135:
1119:
1108:
1081:
1047:
1013:
994:
993:
968:
949:
948:
923:
904:
903:
876:
850:
849:
827:Transliteration
623:
615:construct state
411:ҷумҳурии исломӣ
359:Transliteration
257:is marked by a
129:
75:Ottoman Turkish
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2192:
2190:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2131:
2117:
2111:
2098:
2077:
2064:
2058:
2037:
2035:. McGraw-Hill.
2026:
2020:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1986:
1984:, p. 365.
1974:
1962:
1950:
1938:
1918:
1906:
1880:
1868:
1843:
1829:dak i harkarah
1825:ishnan i Kashi
1817:jatra i Prayag
1791:
1773:
1739:
1718:
1695:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1587:construct case
1578:
1573:
1566:
1563:
1531:
1530:
1496:Middle Persian
1465:
1464:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1417:
1372:
1369:
1347:
1336:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1314:
1302:
1186:Ottoman Empire
1172:
1171:
1122:
1120:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1086:
1077:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1052:
1043:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1018:
1009:
1000:
988:
987:
986:perfect saint
984:
973:
964:
955:
943:
942:
939:
928:
924:मलिका-ए-दुनिया
919:
910:
898:
897:
892:
881:
872:
863:
856:
844:
843:
838:
832:
831:
828:
825:
820:
817:
622:
619:
565:
564:
561:
552:
545:
537:
536:
533:
524:
521:
514:
506:
505:
498:
490:
489:
486:
477:
474:хонаи муҷаллал
470:
463:
455:
454:
451:
442:
435:
432:دانشگاهِ تهران
427:
426:
423:
414:
407:
399:
398:
395:
386:
379:
372:
364:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
229:
228:
214:
213:"Mr. Mosaddeq"
187:
173:
128:
125:
69:found in some
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2191:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2138:(5): 91–114.
2137:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2112:0-415-00886-7
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2074:
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2023:
2021:0-7007-1327-1
2017:
2013:
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1995:
1990:
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1966:
1963:
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1928:
1922:
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1910:
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1884:
1881:
1878:, p. 25.
1877:
1876:Abrahams 2005
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1364:
1357:
1353:
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1318:Jashtë zyrës
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1245:Sher-e-Bangla
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1234:qābil-e-tārīf
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1224:
1223:
1222:Salaam-e-Ishq
1218:
1214:
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1202:
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1123:This section
1121:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1099:a high voice
1098:
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762:
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688:
674:
668:
658:
644:
639:
635:
631:
627:
621:In Hindi-Urdu
620:
618:
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612:
608:
604:
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588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
562:
560:
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549:амуи Муҳаммад
546:
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538:
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532:
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485:
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428:
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404:جمهوری اسلامی
401:
400:
396:
394:
392:
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380:
373:
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361:
358:
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352:
349:
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338:), after the
330:
325:
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296:
291:
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272:
261:
256:
246:
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225:
219:خیابانِ تهران
215:
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188:
184:
174:
170:
159:
158:barâdar-e man
148:
138:
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126:
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96:
92:
88:
84:
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72:
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41:
36:
30:
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2125:
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2085:
2081:
2072:
2043:
2031:
2011:
1989:
1977:
1970:Tisdall 1902
1965:
1953:
1941:
1930:. Retrieved
1921:
1914:Moshiri 1988
1909:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1785:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1730:
1711:
1707:
1704:Sabk-e-Hindi
1703:
1700:
1682:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1602:
1580:
1576:Oblique case
1551:
1545:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1512:(pronounced
1509:
1494:. Pahlavi (
1475:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1436:
1422:
1397:
1374:
1365:
1361:EZAFE
1358:
1355:
1351:
1340:
1328:
1319:
1307:
1306:Në një zyrë
1295:
1269:
1260:Mah-e-Romzan
1220:
1216:
1208:
1207:rather than
1204:
1200:
1175:
1160:
1151:
1136:Please help
1124:
1091:
1057:
1023:
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933:
886:
773:
707:
625:
624:
610:
607:relationship
606:
602:
590:
587:case endings
570:
568:
556:
554:
535:Caspian Sea
528:
526:
481:
479:
446:
444:
418:
416:
390:
388:
383:забони форсӣ
289:
285:
270:
254:
230:
139:Possessive:
132:
130:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
46:
45:
44:
1946:Delacy 2003
1749:'with' and
1454:by the will
1429:Ahura Mazda
1377:Old Persian
1356:Çem-ê Dîclê
1228:sazā-e-maut
1082:सदा-ए-बुलंद
969:वली-ए-कामिल
877:शेर-ए-पंजाब
836:Urdu script
597:(or even a
577:concept of
523:Дарёи Хазар
502:خانهی مجلل
376:زبانِ فارسی
178:برادرِ بزرگ
142:برادرِ مریم
117:script, as
2163:Categories
2004:References
1932:2022-07-06
1898:(466) and
1755:baa-iimaan
1687:De Gruyter
1665:References
1585:(Arabic's
1522:mard-e xub
1263:(Month of
1154:March 2020
1073:صدائے بلند
1048:रू-ए-ज़मीन
1014:मय-ए-इश्क़
868:شیرِ پنجاب
841:Devanagari
823:Devanagari
802:Devanagari
638:Hindi-Urdu
467:خانهٔ مجلل
445:Dâneshgâh-
329:nim-fâsele
310:after it (
169:barâdar-am
79:Hindi-Urdu
2152:226493392
1982:Haig 2011
1759:bee-sharm
1649:romanized
1608:romanized
1421:Auramazdā
1371:Etymology
1125:does not
1039:روئے زمین
915:ملکۂ دنیا
542:عموی محمد
518:دریای خزر
335:نیمفاصله
205:آقای مصدق
192:محمد مصدق
153:برادرِ من
2123:(1902).
1565:See also
1527:مردِ خوب
1412:"will" (
960:ولئ کامل
830:Meaning
819:Example
776:on top (
673:choṭī he
595:particle
583:genitive
559:Muhammad
484:mojallal
417:jomhuri-
362:Meaning
115:Cyrillic
1902:(1139).
1809:munshis
1651::
1559:Elamite
1554:Avestan
1480:Avestan
1331:Kurdish
1265:Ramadan
1146:removed
1131:sources
936:-duniyā
932:malika-
772:) with
761:baṛī ye
706:) then
599:pronoun
353:Example
316:). The
284:), the
107:Persian
63:
52:Persian
2150:
2109:
2082:Lingua
2056:
2052:–390.
2018:
1813:izafat
1737:
1693:
1634:, and
1624:izafat
1616:izafet
1582:Iḍāfah
1544:, the
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1385:Arabic
1363:Tigris
1359:river-
1352:Tigris
1343:EZAFE
1341:river-
1298:Shefit
1213:poetic
1094:buland
1026:-'ishq
1005:مۓ عشق
889:Panjāb
667:
663:
626:Iẓāfat
575:Arabic
531:Khazar
527:Daryâ-
480:khâne-
449:Tehrân
421:eslâmi
389:zabân-
164:برادرم
111:Tajiki
29:Iḍāfah
2148:S2CID
1856:kasré
1852:kasra
1763:ezafe
1708:ezafe
1655:izofa
1644:изофа
1640:Tajik
1636:izofa
1632:ezafe
1628:izāfa
1620:izafe
1612:ezâfe
1606:Also
1594:Notes
1546:ezafe
1535:which
1510:which
1476:which
1472:ezafe
1458:which
1408:vašnā
1388:iḍāfa
1349:Dîclê
1338:Çem-ê
1310:afërt
1294:Zyra
1060:zamīn
981:kāmil
816:Forms
774:hamzā
708:hamzā
684:) or
630:Hindi
628:, in
611:iḍāfa
603:iḍāfa
591:ezâfe
579:iḍāfa
571:ezâfe
393:fârsi
290:hamze
286:ezâfe
271:ezâfe
255:ezâfe
135:are:
133:ezafe
56:اضافه
47:Ezāfe
18:Ezafe
2179:Urdu
2107:ISBN
2054:ISBN
2016:ISBN
1751:bee-
1747:baa-
1735:ISBN
1691:ISBN
1270:The
1188:was
1129:any
1127:cite
1092:-ye-
1090:sadā
1058:-ye-
1022:may-
979:-ye-
977:walī
885:sher
665:ــِـ
643:ʿain
634:Urdu
632:and
555:amu-
350:Form
313:ـهی
77:and
61:lit.
2140:doi
2090:doi
2086:117
2050:363
1862:or
1854:or
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1610:as
1514:/e/
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1446:hya
1443:or
1440:tya
1322:tij
1267:).
1203:or
1140:by
887:-e-
792:to
750:or
734:or
726:or
698:or
657:zer
495:هی
301:ـهٔ
242:or
99:-yi
97:or
95:-ye
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2165::
2146:.
2084:.
2071:.
1794:^
1776:^
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1721:^
1699:.
1689:.
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1673:^
1646:,
1642::
1630:,
1626:,
1622:,
1618:,
1614:,
1485:yo
1423:ha
1398:ha
1320:së
1308:të
1280:,
1217:kā
1209:-e
1205:-ı
1201:-i
1056:rū
934:ye
851:ـِ
810:.
780:ئے
687:ye
557:ye
529:ye
482:ye
460:هٔ
419:ye
369:ـِ
344:.
341:he
319:ye
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202:,
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120:-и
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2142::
2115:.
2096:.
2092::
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1024:e
995:ۓ
950:ئ
905:ۂ
860:ए
807:ए
796:ئ
788:ے
768:ے
764:(
754:و
746:ا
738:ۓ
730:ئ
722:ۂ
714:ء
710:(
702:ے
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690:(
680:ہ
676:(
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650:ع
646:(
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250:و
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239:ا
234:â
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31:.
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