2343:
vote, United
Nations Global Technical Regulations (UN GTRs) in a UN Global Registry. The UN GTRs contain globally harmonized performance requirements and test procedures. Each UN GTR contains extensive notes on its development. The text includes a record of the technical rationale, the research sources used, cost and benefit considerations, and references to data consulted. The Contracting Parties use their nationally established rulemaking processes when transposing UN GTRs into their national legislation. The 1998 Agreement currently has 33 Contracting Parties and 14 UN GTRs that have been established into the UN Global Registry. Manufacturers and suppliers cannot use directly the UN GTRs as these are intended to serve the Countries and require transposition in national or regional law.
2298:
with all applicable federal or Canada Motor
Vehicle Safety, bumper and antitheft standards. No prior verification is required by a governmental agency or authorised testing entity before the vehicle or equipment can be imported, sold, or used. If reason develops to believe the certification was false or improper — i.e., that the vehicle or equipment does not in fact comply — then authorities may conduct tests and, if a noncompliance is found, order a recall and/or other corrective and/or punitive measures. Vehicle and equipment makers are permitted to appeal such penalties, but this is a difficult direction. Non-compliances found that are arguably without effect to highway safety may be petitioned to skip recall (remedy and notification) requirements for vehicles already produced.
2249:
223:
1849:. Any country that accedes to the 1958 Agreement has authority to test and approve any manufacturer's design of a regulated product, regardless of the country in which that component was produced. Each individual design from each individual manufacturer is counted as one individual type. Once any acceding country grants a type approval, every other acceding country is obliged to honor that type approval and regard that vehicle or item of motor vehicle equipment as legal for import, sale and use. Items type-approved according to a UN Regulation are marked with an
1271:
600:
1000:
2307:
40:
390:
440:
525:
1746:
1175:
340:
1321:
1421:
1346:
1796:
1571:
1546:
1150:
1075:
575:
1100:
1696:
1471:
1446:
1050:
900:
875:
750:
1771:
1671:
1621:
1596:
1521:
1496:
1296:
1200:
975:
950:
925:
850:
825:
700:
675:
650:
550:
415:
1721:
1371:
1221:
1125:
1025:
800:
625:
495:
135:(UNECE). Its responsibility is to manage the multilateral Agreements signed in 1958, 1997 and 1998 concerning the technical prescriptions for the construction, approval of wheeled vehicles as well as their Periodic Technical Inspection and, to operate within the framework of these three Agreements to develop and amend UN Regulations, UN Global Technical Regulations and UN Rules, kind of
1834:
1646:
1396:
265:
775:
725:
365:
290:
87:
1246:
470:
315:
2747:
1825:(apart from Lighting Regulations) are the two significant exceptions; the UN Regulations are generally not recognised and UN-compliant vehicles and equipment are not authorised for import, sale, or use in the two regions, unless they are tested to be compliant with the region's car safety laws, or for limited non driving use (e.g. car show displays).
2751:
2338:
The "Agreement concerning the
Establishing of Global Technical Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be fitted and/or be used on Wheeled Vehicles", or 1998 Agreement, is a subsequent agreement. Following its mission to harmonize vehicle regulations, the UNECE solved the main
2297:
Rather than a UN-style system of type approvals, the US and
Canadian auto safety regulations operate on the principle of self-certification, wherein the manufacturer or importer of a vehicle or item of motor vehicle equipment certifies—i.e., asserts and promises—that the vehicle or equipment complies
2280:
were officially forbidden to
Americans, but this outlet proved viable for many years. The grey market reached 66,900 vehicles imported by individual consumers in 1985, and altered to meet U.S. design regulations. It is no longer possible to import vehicle into the United States as a personal import,
234:
member countries only, but in 1995 the agreement was revised to allow non-ECE members to participate. Current participants include the
European Union and its member countries, as well as non-EU UNECE members such as Norway, Russia, Ukraine, Serbia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Turkey and Azerbaijan, and even
213:
of vehicles and components. These were formerly called "UNECE Regulations" or, less formally, "ECE Regulations" in reference to the
Economic Commission for Europe. However, since many non-European countries are now contracting parties to the 1958 Agreement, the regulations are officially entitled "UN
2239:
between Canada and the
European Union could see Canada recognise more UN Regulations as acceptable alternatives to the Canadian regulations. Canada currently applies 14 of the 17 ECE main standards as allowable alternatives - the exceptions at this point relate to motorcycle controls and displays,
208:
The core of the Forum's work is based around the "1958 Agreement", formally titled "Agreement concerning the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of
2342:
The 1998 Agreement is born to produce meta regulations called Global
Technical Regulations without administrative procedures for type approval and so, without the principle of mutual recognition of Type Approvals. The 1998 Agreement stipulates that Contracting Parties will establish, by consensus
1857:
Although all countries' type approvals are legally equivalent, there are real and perceived differences in the rigour with which the regulations and protocols are applied by different national type approval authorities. Some countries have their own national standards for granting type approvals,
229:
Formally signing the 1958 Agreement was possible till June 30 of that year, and five countries chose to do so: Italy (March 28), Netherlands (March 30), West
Germany (June 19), France (June 26), and Hungary (June 30). Sweden and Belgium acceded soon after. Originally, the agreement allowed
2226:
and does not recognise UN type approvals. However, both the United States and Canada are parties to the 1998 Agreement. UN-specification vehicles and components which do not also comply with the US regulations therefore cannot be imported to the US without extensive modifications.
1866:
As of 2015, there are 135 UN Regulations appended to the 1958 Agreement; most regulations cover a single vehicle component or technology. A partial list of current regulations applying to passenger cars follows (different regulations may apply to heavy vehicles, motorcycles, etc.)
238:
Contracting parties to the 1958 Agreement are referenced by a Distinguishing Number, historically corresponding to the chronological order in which the countries became such member parties. As of 2022, the participants of the Agreement, with their Distinguishing Number, were:
1816:
Most countries, even if not formally participating in the 1958 agreement, recognise the UN Regulations and either mirror the UN Regulations' content in their own national requirements, or permit the import, registration, and use of UN type-approved vehicles, or both. The
2355:(TTIP) negotiations, the issues of divergent standards in automobile regulatory structure are being investigated. TTIP negotiators are seeking to identify ways to narrow the regulatory differences, potentially reducing costs and spurring additional trade in vehicles.
209:
approvals granted on the basis of these prescriptions" (E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2, amended on 16 October 1995). This forms a legal framework wherein participating countries (contracting parties) agree on a common set of technical prescriptions and protocols for
1858:
which may be more stringent than called for by the UN regulations themselves. Within the auto parts industry, a German (E1) type approval, for example, is regarded as a measure of insurance against suspicion of poor quality or an undeserved type approval.
149:
At its inception, WP.29 had a broader European scope. Since 2000, the global scope of this forum was recognized given the active participation of Countries in all continents, excluding the United States and Canada, who developed incompatible standards.
1853:
and a Distinguishing Number, within a circle. This number indicates which country approved the item, and other surrounding letters and digits indicate the precise version of the regulation met and the type approval number, respectively.
2535:"United Nations Treaty Series Vol. 335 (1959): 'Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts. Done at Geneva, on 20 March 1958'"
2560:"ECE World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations Part I: Contracting Parties to the Agreement, their date of application of the UN Regulations and designated Type Approval Authority(ies) and Technical Service(s))"
2339:
issues (Administrative Provisions for Type approval opposed to self-certification and mutual recognition of Type Approvals) preventing non-signatory Countries to the 1958 Agreement to fully participate to its activities.
2363:
2766:
1963:
R20 — Headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam and/or a driving beam and equipped with halogen double-filament H4 bulbs (superseded by R112, but still valid for existing approvals)
2863:
2240:
motorcycle mirrors, and electronic stability control for passenger cars. These three remaining groups will be allowed in Canada by the time the ratification of the trade deal occurs.
2984:
2819:
2385:
2256:
Vehicles built in compliance with global safety and emissions regulations were still available to Americans in the period 1976-88, as individual imports. This was via the
214:
Regulations". According to the mutual recognition principle set in the Agreement, each Contracting Party's Type Approvals are recognised by all other Contracting Parties.
2390:
2352:
2478:
231:
132:
104:
2366:(OICA) hosts on its web site the working documents from various United Nations expert groups including World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations.
2675:
2845:
2236:
2281:
with four exceptions, none of which permits Americans to buy recent vehicles not officially available in the United States. Even prominent billionaire
1954:
emitting an asymmetrical passing beam and/or a driving beam, equipped with R2 or HS1 bulbs (superseded by R112, but still valid for existing approvals)
2400:
180:
There are six permanent Working Parties which are subsidiary bodies that consider specialized tasks, consisting of people with a specific expertise:
2248:
2395:
2223:
2232:
1846:
2867:
1960:
R8 — Headlamps equipped with replaceable single-filament tungsten-halogen bulbs (superseded by R112, but still valid for existing approvals)
2823:
2330:
headlamps, which were prohibited in many European countries. A similar approach was evident with the US mandatory side marker lights.
222:
2584:"ECE/TRANS/WP.29/343/Rev.30 - Status of the Agreement, of the annexed Regulations and of the amendments thereto - Revision 30"
2700:
2889:
2974:
2318:
Historically, one of the most conspicuous differences between UN and US regulations was the design and performance of
2132:
2104:
2559:
2109:
R85 — electric drive trains — measurement of the net power and the maximum 30 minutes power of electric drive trains
2979:
2194:
1837:
Two types of approval mark: top - according to UN regulations, bottom - according to EU regulations (or directives)
2612:
2235:, broadly similar to the US FMVSS, but Canada does also accept UN-compliant headlamps and bumpers. The impending
2583:
2326:
shown here illustrates the large differences in headlamps during the 1940-1983 era when US regulations required
2113:
158:
2903:
2137:
R117 — approval limits for pass-by noise, wet grip, and rolling resistance. These values are also used on the
2924:
1985:
R112 — Headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam and/or a driving beam and equipped with filament bulbs
2517:
235:
remote territories such as South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, Thailand and Malaysia.
1988:
R113 — Headlamps emitting a symmetrical passing beam and/or a driving beam and equipped with filament bulbs
2117:
1005:
1975:
R99 — Gas-discharge light sources for use in approved gas-discharge lamp units of power-driven vehicles (
2273:
1978:
1897:
2125:
2534:
2265:
1914:
162:
2959:
91:
2405:
2257:
2057:
2011:
830:
2306:
2375:
2269:
136:
1966:
R31 — Halogen sealed beam headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam and/or a driving beam
39:
2207:
2121:
1626:
115:
2650:
2955:
World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29) – How It Works, How to Join It
1180:
2500:
2458:
2430:
1226:
530:
456:
445:
154:
2310:
A comparison of European (top) and US (bottom) headlamp configuration on similar-year
1957:
R5 — Sealed Beam headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam and/or a driving beam
2968:
2613:"Grey market cars: Everything you need to know to avoid seeing your ride get crushed"
2323:
2311:
2219:
1842:
1818:
210:
2252:
1981 Lamborghini Countach LP 400S sold new in the United States via the grey market
1326:
2954:
2949:
2795:"U.S. and EU Motor Vehicle Standards: Issues for Transatlantic Trade Negotiations"
2626:
2864:"Motivemagazine.com - Motive Tech: The Difference Between US and European Lights"
2327:
2286:
2277:
2261:
1751:
1426:
1351:
605:
345:
172:
This work affects de facto vehicle design and facilitates international trade.
17:
2380:
2282:
2138:
1801:
1576:
1551:
1155:
1080:
580:
511:
2794:
2722:
2410:
2044:
2037:
1951:
1833:
1276:
1105:
1885:
R7 — Front and rear position lamps, stop lamps and end-outline marker lamps
2319:
1701:
1476:
1451:
1055:
905:
880:
755:
2676:"New UN ECE Regulations on Cyber Security and Software Updates Adopted"
1776:
1676:
1601:
1526:
1501:
1301:
1205:
980:
955:
930:
855:
705:
680:
655:
555:
420:
395:
270:
2473:
2088:
R15 — emissions and fuel consumption (superseded by R83, R84 and R101)
2228:
2091:
R24 — engine power measurement, smoke emissions, engine type approval
2069:
R95 — protection of the occupants in the event of a lateral collision
2066:
R94 — protection of the occupants in the event of a frontal collision
1822:
1726:
1376:
1130:
1030:
805:
780:
730:
630:
500:
370:
295:
2728:. United States General Accounting Office. 16 July 1987. p. 2
2305:
2247:
2100:
R83 — emission of pollutants according to engine fuel requirements
2027:
1651:
1401:
1251:
475:
320:
166:
86:
2171:
R109 — Retreaded tyres for commercial vehicles and their trailers
2063:
R43 — safety glazing materials and their installation on vehicles
2723:"Tax Administration Gas Guzzler Tax Compliance Can Be Increased"
2156:
R64 — Temporary use spare unit, run flat tyres, run flat-system
2347:
2013 Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (proposed)
2462:. Newport Beach, CA, USA: CBS Inc. - CBS Publications: 38–41.
144:
Working Party of experts on technical requirement of vehicles
2218:
The most notable non-signatory to the 1958 Agreement is the
2168:
R108 — Retreaded tyres for passenger cars and their trailers
2072:
R116 — protection of motor vehicles against unauthorized use
33:
World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29)
2364:
Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles
1907:
R48 — Installation of lighting and light-signalling devices
2767:"FOREIGN CAR IMPORTERS CAN'T BREAK RED TAPE AT THE BORDER"
2748:"Foreign Car Importers Can't Break Red Tape at the Border"
2701:"CETA Means Big Changes For Canadian Automotive Industry"
2131:
R101 — measurement of the emission of carbon dioxide and
1972:
R98 — Headlamps equipped with gas-discharge light sources
2960:
World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations FAQ
2182:
Automated/autonomous and connected vehicle regulations
2153:
R54 — Tyres for commercial vehicles and their trailers
2456:
Rusz, Joe (December 1978). "Lamborghini Countach S".
2162:
R88 — Retroreflective tyres for two-wheeled vehicles
125:
World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations
2386:
Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures
111:
98:
78:
70:
62:
54:
46:
2150:R30 — Tyres for passenger cars and their trailers
1841:The 1958 Agreement operates on the principles of
131:) of the Inland Transport Committee (ITC) of the
2651:"Text of the 1958 Agreement - Transport - UNECE"
2260:. Many of the finest, iconic automobiles of the
2023:R11 — door latches and door retention components
2627:"Marketing emphasis on German E1 type approval"
146:", while its current name was adopted in 2000.
2451:
2449:
2447:
2391:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
2353:Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
2177:R141 — Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS)
2075:R129 — enhanced child restraint systems (ECRS)
2985:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
2116:with regard to specific requirements for the
2050:R17 — seats, seat anchorages, head restraints
1879:R4 — Illumination of rear registration plates
133:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
8:
2904:"Global Technical Regulations(GTRs)of UNECE"
2174:R124 — Replacement wheels for passenger cars
32:
2789:
2787:
2669:
2667:
142:WP.29 was established in June 1952 as the "
2501:"WP.29 - Introduction - Transport - UNECE"
2237:Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement
241:
31:
2401:Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 108
2056:R42 — front and rear protective devices (
1832:
221:
153:The forum works on regulations covering
2422:
193:Automated and Connected Vehicles (GRVA)
2396:Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
2224:Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
2165:R106 — Tyres for agricultural vehicles
2097:R68 — measurement of the maximum speed
2233:Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
7:
2846:"eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations"
2085:R10 — electromagnetic compatibility
187:Lighting and Light-Signalling (GRE)
2159:R75 — Tyres for motorcycles/mopeds
1998:R35 — arrangement of foot controls
25:
2033:R13 — braking (trucks and busses)
2925:"OICA un-expert-group-documents"
2765:Guy Gugliotta (22 August 1995).
1937:R149 - Road Illumination Devices
1794:
1769:
1744:
1719:
1694:
1669:
1644:
1619:
1594:
1569:
1544:
1519:
1494:
1469:
1444:
1419:
1394:
1369:
1344:
1319:
1294:
1269:
1244:
1219:
1198:
1173:
1148:
1123:
1098:
1073:
1048:
1023:
998:
973:
948:
923:
898:
873:
848:
823:
798:
773:
748:
723:
698:
673:
648:
623:
598:
573:
548:
523:
493:
468:
438:
413:
388:
363:
338:
313:
288:
263:
196:General Safety Provisions (GRSG)
85:
38:
2431:"Transport - Transport - UNECE"
2053:R27 — advance-warning triangles
1940:R150 - Reflex Reflector Devices
1934:R148 - Light Signaling Devices
1894:R37 — Filament lamps (bulbs) (
1:
2195:automated lane keeping system
1876:R3 — Retroreflecting devices
2674:Nick Bowyer (August 2020).
2080:Environmental compatibility
2001:R39 — speedometer equipment
190:Pollution and Energy (GRPE)
3001:
1922:R112 — Headlamp Asymmetric
107:Inland Transport Committee
2114:battery electric vehicles
1882:R6 — Direction indicators
37:
2518:The End of the 'ECE' Era
2007:R79 — steering equipment
1993:Instrumentation/controls
1931:R128 — LED light sources
159:environmental protection
2190:R156 — software updates
2004:R46 — rear-view mirrors
1969:R45 — Headlamp cleaners
1919:R91 — Side marker lamps
218:Participating countries
2474:"WP.29 - Introduction"
2315:
2302:Regulatory differences
2253:
1925:R119 — Cornering lamps
1891:R23 — Reversing lights
1847:reciprocal recognition
1838:
1006:Bosnia and Herzegovina
226:
184:Noise and Tyres (GRBP)
116:UNECE Transport - WP29
2309:
2274:Mercedes-Benz G-Class
2270:Mercedes-Benz 500 SEL
2251:
2244:Grey Market (1976-88)
2187:R155 — cyber security
2103:R84 — measurement of
2094:R51 — noise emissions
2047:and restraint systems
1979:Automotive lamp types
1915:Daytime running lamps
1898:Automotive lamp types
1888:R19 — Front fog lamps
1836:
225:
199:Passive Safety (GRSP)
2975:Automotive standards
2289:have proven unable.
2266:Lamborghini Countach
2222:, which has its own
1904:R38 — Rear fog lamps
127:is a working party (
2771:The Washington Post
2522:Driving Vision News
2406:Automotive lighting
2112:R100 — approval of
2012:event data recorder
1910:R77 — Parking lamps
981:Republic of Moldova
100:Parent organization
34:
2892:. 12 January 2015.
2800:. 18 February 2014
2376:Vehicle regulation
2316:
2293:Self-certification
2254:
1839:
781:Russian Federation
227:
137:vehicle regulation
2980:Automotive safety
2890:"1971 Citröen DS"
2703:. 18 October 2013
2615:. 30 August 2013.
2540:. p. 211-227
2208:ECE Regulation 90
2126:hydrogen emission
2122:Functional Safety
1814:
1813:
661:17 September 1976
230:participation of
163:energy efficiency
121:
120:
16:(Redirected from
2992:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2866:. Archived from
2860:
2854:
2853:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2822:. Archived from
2820:"Press Releases"
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2799:
2791:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2754:on 20 July 2012.
2750:. Archived from
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2727:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2655:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2631:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2531:
2525:
2524:, 29 August 2011
2515:
2509:
2508:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2459:Road & Track
2453:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2427:
2145:Tyres and wheels
2133:fuel consumption
2105:fuel consumption
2030:(passenger cars)
1928:R123 — AFS lamps
1871:General lighting
1808:
1807:1 September 2023
1800:
1798:
1797:
1783:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1758:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1733:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1708:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1683:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1658:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1633:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1608:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1583:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1558:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1533:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1508:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1483:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1458:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1433:
1432:31 December 2004
1425:
1423:
1422:
1408:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1383:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1358:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1333:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1308:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1283:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1258:
1257:24 November 1998
1250:
1248:
1247:
1233:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1187:
1186:17 November 1991
1179:
1177:
1176:
1162:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1137:
1136:27 February 1996
1129:
1127:
1126:
1112:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1087:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1062:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1037:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1012:
1004:
1002:
1001:
987:
986:20 November 2016
979:
977:
976:
962:
954:
952:
951:
937:
929:
927:
926:
912:
904:
902:
901:
887:
879:
877:
876:
862:
854:
852:
851:
837:
829:
827:
826:
812:
804:
802:
801:
787:
786:17 February 1987
779:
777:
776:
762:
754:
752:
751:
737:
729:
727:
726:
712:
711:21 February 1977
704:
702:
701:
687:
686:20 December 1976
679:
677:
676:
662:
654:
652:
651:
637:
629:
627:
626:
612:
604:
602:
601:
587:
586:12 December 1971
579:
577:
576:
562:
554:
552:
551:
537:
529:
527:
526:
507:
499:
497:
496:
482:
474:
472:
471:
452:
444:
442:
441:
427:
419:
417:
416:
402:
401:5 September 1959
394:
392:
391:
377:
369:
367:
366:
352:
344:
342:
341:
327:
319:
317:
316:
302:
294:
292:
291:
277:
269:
267:
266:
242:
90:
89:
42:
35:
21:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2965:
2964:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2826:on 18 June 2016
2818:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2785:
2775:
2773:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2516:
2512:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2455:
2454:
2445:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2372:
2361:
2351:As part of the
2349:
2336:
2304:
2295:
2246:
2216:
2203:
2184:
2147:
2082:
2020:
2018:Crashworthiness
1995:
1947:
1873:
1864:
1831:
1806:
1795:
1793:
1781:
1770:
1768:
1756:
1745:
1743:
1732:22 October 2022
1731:
1720:
1718:
1706:
1695:
1693:
1682:18 October 2018
1681:
1670:
1668:
1657:3 February 2013
1656:
1645:
1643:
1631:
1620:
1618:
1606:
1595:
1593:
1582:26 January 2016
1581:
1570:
1568:
1556:
1545:
1543:
1531:
1520:
1518:
1507:5 November 2011
1506:
1495:
1493:
1481:
1470:
1468:
1456:
1445:
1443:
1431:
1420:
1418:
1406:
1395:
1393:
1381:
1370:
1368:
1357:26 January 2002
1356:
1345:
1343:
1331:
1320:
1318:
1306:
1295:
1293:
1281:
1270:
1268:
1256:
1245:
1243:
1231:
1220:
1218:
1199:
1197:
1185:
1181:North Macedonia
1174:
1172:
1160:
1149:
1147:
1135:
1124:
1122:
1110:
1099:
1097:
1085:
1074:
1072:
1061:21 January 2000
1060:
1049:
1047:
1036:18 January 1999
1035:
1024:
1022:
1010:
999:
997:
985:
974:
972:
960:
949:
947:
935:
924:
922:
910:
899:
897:
885:
874:
872:
860:
849:
847:
835:
824:
822:
811:5 December 1992
810:
799:
797:
785:
774:
772:
760:
749:
747:
735:
724:
722:
710:
699:
697:
685:
674:
672:
660:
649:
647:
635:
624:
622:
610:
599:
597:
585:
574:
572:
560:
549:
547:
535:
524:
522:
505:
494:
492:
481:10 October 1961
480:
469:
467:
450:
439:
437:
425:
414:
412:
400:
389:
387:
375:
364:
362:
350:
339:
337:
325:
314:
312:
300:
289:
287:
276:28 January 1965
275:
264:
262:
220:
206:
178:
101:
84:
81:
28:
23:
22:
18:ECE regulations
15:
12:
11:
5:
2998:
2996:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2950:UN Regulations
2945:
2944:External links
2942:
2939:
2938:
2916:
2895:
2881:
2855:
2837:
2811:
2783:
2757:
2739:
2714:
2692:
2663:
2642:
2618:
2604:
2593:. 1 March 2022
2575:
2551:
2526:
2510:
2492:
2465:
2443:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2371:
2368:
2360:
2357:
2348:
2345:
2335:
2334:1998 Agreement
2332:
2303:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2264:, such as the
2245:
2242:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2202:
2199:
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2191:
2188:
2183:
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2178:
2175:
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2160:
2157:
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2142:
2141:
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2129:
2110:
2107:
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2098:
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2092:
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2078:
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2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2031:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1862:UN Regulations
1860:
1830:
1827:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1804:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:2 January 2023
1754:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1716:
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1711:
1709:
1704:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1629:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:1 January 2008
1604:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1554:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1254:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1227:European Union
1216:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:8 January 2011
1083:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1008:
995:
991:
990:
988:
983:
970:
966:
965:
963:
958:
945:
941:
940:
938:
933:
920:
916:
915:
913:
911:1 January 1993
908:
895:
891:
890:
888:
883:
870:
866:
865:
863:
861:8 October 1991
858:
845:
841:
840:
838:
833:
820:
816:
815:
813:
808:
795:
791:
790:
788:
783:
770:
766:
765:
763:
758:
745:
741:
740:
738:
733:
720:
716:
715:
713:
708:
695:
691:
690:
688:
683:
670:
666:
665:
663:
658:
645:
641:
640:
638:
633:
620:
616:
615:
613:
611:28 August 1973
608:
595:
591:
590:
588:
583:
570:
566:
565:
563:
558:
545:
541:
540:
538:
533:
531:United Kingdom
520:
516:
515:
508:
503:
490:
486:
485:
483:
478:
465:
461:
460:
457:Czechoslovakia
453:
451:1 January 1993
448:
446:Czech Republic
435:
431:
430:
428:
423:
410:
406:
405:
403:
398:
385:
381:
380:
378:
373:
360:
356:
355:
353:
351:29 August 1960
348:
335:
331:
330:
328:
323:
310:
306:
305:
303:
298:
285:
281:
280:
278:
273:
260:
256:
255:
252:
251:Effective date
249:
246:
219:
216:
205:
204:1958 Agreement
202:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
177:
174:
155:vehicle safety
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:Antonio Erario
82:
79:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2997:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2870:on 1 May 2009
2869:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2658:www.unece.org
2652:
2646:
2643:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2592:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2511:
2506:
2505:www.unece.org
2502:
2496:
2493:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2438:www.unece.org
2432:
2426:
2423:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2313:
2308:
2301:
2299:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2250:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2220:United States
2214:North America
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1843:type approval
1835:
1829:Type approval
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1819:United States
1810:
1805:
1803:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1707:24 April 2020
1705:
1703:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1532:30 April 2018
1530:
1528:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1282:25 April 2000
1280:
1278:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1232:24 March 1998
1230:
1228:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1111:29 March 2002
1109:
1107:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1007:
996:
993:
992:
989:
984:
982:
971:
968:
967:
964:
959:
957:
946:
943:
942:
939:
934:
932:
921:
918:
917:
914:
909:
907:
896:
893:
892:
889:
884:
882:
871:
868:
867:
864:
859:
857:
846:
843:
842:
839:
836:24 March 1998
834:
832:
821:
818:
817:
814:
809:
807:
796:
793:
792:
789:
784:
782:
771:
768:
767:
764:
761:28 March 1980
759:
757:
746:
743:
742:
739:
736:13 March 1979
734:
732:
721:
718:
717:
714:
709:
707:
696:
693:
692:
689:
684:
682:
671:
668:
667:
664:
659:
657:
646:
643:
642:
639:
634:
632:
621:
618:
617:
614:
609:
607:
596:
593:
592:
589:
584:
582:
571:
568:
567:
564:
559:
557:
546:
543:
542:
539:
536:16 March 1963
534:
532:
521:
518:
517:
513:
509:
506:12 March 2001
504:
502:
491:
488:
487:
484:
479:
477:
466:
463:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
436:
433:
432:
429:
424:
422:
411:
408:
407:
404:
399:
397:
386:
383:
382:
379:
374:
372:
361:
358:
357:
354:
349:
347:
336:
333:
332:
329:
326:26 April 1963
324:
322:
311:
308:
307:
304:
299:
297:
286:
283:
282:
279:
274:
272:
261:
258:
257:
253:
250:
247:
244:
243:
240:
236:
233:
224:
217:
215:
212:
211:type approval
203:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
181:
175:
173:
170:
169:-resistance.
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
147:
145:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
117:
114:
110:
106:
103:
97:
93:
88:
83:
77:
73:
69:
66:Working Party
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
27:Working party
19:
2929:. Retrieved
2919:
2907:. Retrieved
2898:
2884:
2872:. Retrieved
2868:the original
2858:
2850:www.ecfr.gov
2849:
2840:
2828:. Retrieved
2824:the original
2814:
2804:24 September
2802:. Retrieved
2774:. Retrieved
2770:
2760:
2752:the original
2742:
2730:. Retrieved
2717:
2705:. Retrieved
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2679:
2657:
2645:
2633:. Retrieved
2621:
2607:
2595:. Retrieved
2590:
2578:
2566:. Retrieved
2554:
2542:. Retrieved
2529:
2521:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2483:. Retrieved
2477:
2468:
2457:
2437:
2425:
2362:
2350:
2341:
2337:
2317:
2296:
2255:
2231:has its own
2217:
2118:construction
2045:safety belts
1976:
1895:
1865:
1856:
1850:
1840:
1815:
1782:26 July 2023
1457:4 April 2006
1332:17 June 2001
1327:South Africa
1307:30 June 2000
1161:14 June 2002
1011:6 March 1992
886:25 June 1991
636:4 April 1975
603:
376:20 June 1959
301:20 June 1959
245:Dist. Number
237:
228:
207:
179:
176:Organization
171:
152:
148:
143:
141:
128:
124:
122:
71:Legal status
47:Abbreviation
29:
2931:13 November
2874:29 December
2776:9 September
2732:9 September
2635:13 November
2328:sealed beam
2287:Porsche 959
2278:Range Rover
2262:Malaise era
2258:grey market
2038:safety belt
1752:Philippines
1632:25 May 2015
1557:3 June 2006
1427:South Korea
1352:New Zealand
1210:11.04.2023
936:2 July 1995
606:Switzerland
561:11 May 1971
426:2 July 1960
346:Netherlands
2969:Categories
2927:. Oica.net
2909:5 February
2685:6 November
2568:2 November
2544:8 February
2485:2 November
2417:References
2381:Car safety
2324:Citroën DS
2312:Citroën DS
2283:Bill Gates
2139:tyre label
2040:anchorages
1802:Kyrgyzstan
1577:San Marino
1552:Montenegro
1482:1 May 2006
1407:1 May 2004
1382:1 May 2004
1156:Azerbaijan
1081:Kazakhstan
961:1 May 1995
581:Luxembourg
512:Yugoslavia
510:(formerly
455:(formerly
2680:InterRegs
2411:Headlamps
2320:headlamps
1952:Headlamps
1945:Headlamps
1277:Australia
1106:Lithuania
55:Formation
2707:20 March
2597:31 March
2370:See also
2285:and his
2026:R13-H —
1777:Viet Nam
1702:Pakistan
1477:Thailand
1452:Malaysia
1056:Bulgaria
906:Slovakia
881:Slovenia
756:Portugal
2830:30 June
2193:R157 —
2060:, etc.)
2058:bumpers
2028:braking
2010:R160 —
1677:Nigeria
1627:Georgia
1602:Tunisia
1527:Armenia
1502:Albania
1302:Ukraine
1206:Andorra
956:Estonia
931:Belarus
856:Croatia
831:Ireland
706:Romania
681:Denmark
656:Finland
556:Austria
421:Hungary
396:Belgium
271:Germany
248:Country
112:Website
94:(2021-)
2322:. The
2229:Canada
2206:R90 —
2043:R16 —
2036:R14 —
1913:R87 —
1823:Canada
1799:
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1749:
1727:Uganda
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1699:
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1574:
1549:
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1499:
1474:
1449:
1424:
1399:
1377:Cyprus
1374:
1349:
1324:
1299:
1274:
1249:
1224:
1203:
1178:
1153:
1131:Turkey
1128:
1103:
1078:
1053:
1031:Latvia
1028:
1003:
978:
953:
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878:
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806:Greece
803:
778:
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731:Poland
728:
703:
678:
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371:Sweden
368:
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318:
296:France
293:
268:
254:Notes
74:Active
2798:(PDF)
2726:(PDF)
2654:(PDF)
2630:(PDF)
2591:UNECE
2587:(PDF)
2563:(PDF)
2538:(PDF)
2479:UNECE
2434:(PDF)
2201:Brake
1977:See:
1950:R1 —
1896:See:
1652:Egypt
1402:Malta
1252:Japan
476:Spain
321:Italy
167:theft
129:WP.29
105:UNECE
50:WP.29
2933:2011
2911:2014
2876:2010
2832:2016
2806:2023
2778:2020
2734:2020
2709:2014
2687:2021
2637:2011
2599:2022
2570:2021
2546:2024
2487:2021
2359:OICA
2314:cars
2276:and
2124:and
1845:and
1821:and
165:and
123:The
80:Head
63:Type
58:1952
969:30
232:ECE
2971::
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2786:^
2769:.
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2666:^
2656:.
2589:.
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2476:.
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2436:.
2272:,
2268:,
2120:,
1790:68
1765:67
1740:66
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1565:57
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1315:47
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1194:41
1169:40
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1119:37
1094:36
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1019:32
994:31
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894:27
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744:21
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694:19
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519:11
514:)
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459:)
161:,
157:,
139:.
2935:.
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2878:.
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2834:.
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2440:.
2128:.
1982:)
1901:)
1851:E
464:9
434:8
409:7
384:6
359:5
334:4
309:3
284:2
259:1
20:)
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