876:
776:
62:
965:, which received wide criticism from the LGBT community for supporting a non-inclusive ENDA. The LGBT activist organizations that refused to support H.R. 3685 argued that not including transgender people undermined the underlying principle of ENDA. They claimed that failure to include gender identity/expression weakened the protection for the portion of the LGBT population that most needed its protections: gender non-conforming people, who they claimed are discriminated against in greater numbers than their gender-conforming compatriots. Moreover, groups such as the
735:
gay organization in college. The results showed that applicants without the gay signal had an 11.5 percent chance of being called for an interview; openly gay applicants had only a 7.2 percent chance. The callback gap varied widely according to the location of the job. Most of the overall gap detected in the study was driven by the
Southern and Midwestern states in the sample – Texas, Florida, and Ohio. The Western and Northeastern states in the sample (California, Nevada, Pennsylvania, and New York) had only small and statistically insignificant callback gaps.
727:
one percent of LGBT state and local employees live in
Montana, North Dakota and Wyoming combined. As one might expect, many of the documented complaints of discrimination by state and local governments against LGBT employees are in California and New York. Surveys that seek to document discrimination on the basis of perceived sexual orientation and/or gender identity are often conducted with a pool of self identified LGBT people, making it difficult to ascertain the impact of this type of discrimination on non-LGBT individuals.
859:
969:, among others, later withdrew support in 2014 due to the ENDA's broad religious exemptions. Others argued that this was ENDA's best chance of passing Congress in thirty years, that civil rights victories have historically been incremental, that concerns about the legislation's protections were unfounded, and that forgoing a chance to provide immediate workplace protections to millions of lesbians, gays and bisexuals was politically and morally wrong.
1305:(APA), and that all working people have a right to be judged by the quality of their work performance and not by completely unrelated factors. According to a study published in 2001 by the Williams Institute at the UCLA School of Law, reports of discrimination based on sexual orientation are roughly equal to those on race or gender. The APA also states that there is significant discrimination against homosexual people in the workforce.
1080:
4968:
4956:
547:
1350:(TVC) has claimed that the legislation would have a negative impact on school children by eliminating schools' ability to avoid hiring transgender teachers. It said that "If ENDA passes, students and children in daycare centers all across the nation will be subjected to individuals experimenting with their gender identities."
2582:
103rd
Congress: "For purposes of this Act, the term 'employment or employment opportunities' does not apply to the relationship between the United States and members of the Armed Forces."; 112th Congress: "In this Act, the term 'employment' does not apply to the relationship between the United States
1048:
held a hearing on the legislation on
November 5, 2009. Before the hearing, Sen. Merkley spoke at a press conference alongside two transgender women, Diane Schroer and Earline Budd. However, no transgender witnesses testified at the Senate hearing. As of March 13, 2010, S. 1584 had 45 co-sponsors and
734:
against openly gay men comes from a field experiment that sent two fictitious but realistic resumes to roughly 1,700 entry-level job openings. The two resumes were very similar in terms of the applicant's qualifications, but one resume for each opening mentioned that the applicant had been part of a
742:
found 90 percent of respondents experienced harassment, mistreatment, or discrimination on the job or took actions like hiding who they are to avoid it. In comparison, a review of studies conducted by the
Williams Institute in 2007 found that transgender people experienced employment discrimination
726:
estimates the number of LGBT employees as follows: 7 million private sector employees, 1 million state and local employees, and 200,000 employees of the federal government. Thirty percent of state and local LGBT employees live in
California and New York. In comparison, less than half of one half of
766:
Since the 111th
Congress, the legislation has included language to prevent any reading of the law as a modification of the federal definition of marriage established in the Defense of Marriage Act (1995). Since the 110th Congress, a related provision aimed at non-marital legal relations like civil
949:
within its protections. It defined gender identity as "gender-related identity, appearance, or mannerisms or other gender-related characteristics of an individual, with or without regard to the individual's designated sex at birth." It allowed employers to require adherence "to the same dress or
957:
on
September 27, 2007, which did not include gender identity and contained exemptions concerning employer dress codes. It was endorsed by the Education and Labor Committee on October 18 and the House of Representatives passed it on November 7, 2007, by a vote of 235 to 184, with 14 members not
1223:, that, if signed by a majority of the House membership, would force a vote on the version of ENDA with a narrow religious exemption. By September 22, it had been endorsed by 190 of the 218 that constitute a majority. On December 3, 2014, 6 of the 8 Republican co-sponsors asked House Speaker
754:
The current version of the bill under consideration in
Congress prohibits private employers with more than 15 employees from discriminating on the basis of some sexual orientations or gender identity. Sexual orientation is limited to "homosexuality, heterosexuality, or bisexuality," thereby
1901:
1560:
1392:, thus affirming and protecting extramarital sexual conduct; (3) supports the redefinition of marriage, as state-level laws like ENDA have been invoked in state court decisions finding marriage discriminatory or irrational; (4) rejects the biological basis of gender by defining "
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762:
All versions of the bill, irrespective of the military's changing policies with respect to service by open gays and lesbians, have provided an exclusion for the military as an employer of members of the armed forces, though not as an employer of civilians.
1835:
1312:'s complaint caseload would rise by 5 to 7% as a result of the proposed law. Assessments of the impact of comparable state policies also show a minimal impact on caseload. Regarding constitutionality, the act incorporates language similar to that of
4230:
4804:
1343:(AFA), expressed concern about the impact of anti-discrimination laws on religious organizations. He cited a lack of clarity around whether the narrow exemption would apply to support staff and lay employees in addition to churches and clergy.
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employees have been discriminated against by their employers because of their sexual orientation or gender identity. Currently, these employees are unable to find protection in the courts because sexual orientation is not considered to be a
4321:
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2039:
1864:
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1146:
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1045:
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introduced the
Employment Non-Discrimination Act on June 23, 1994. The legislation failed in 1994 and 1995. In 1996, the bill failed on a 49–50 vote in the Senate and was not voted on in the House. Massachusetts Senator
1211:
unexpectedly joined Sen. Murkowski and the seven Republicans who had supported three days earlier. Both independents and 52 of 53 Democrats again supported the measure, with McCaskill present but Pennsylvania Senator
694:
protects employees from discrimination based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. The ruling was only on employment, like ENDA. LGBT rights advocates welcomed the ruling and called on Congress to pass the
713:
In states that have anti-discrimination policies in place, LGBT complaints are equivalent to the number of complaints filed based on sex and fewer than the number of complaints filed based on race. EEOC statistics
4723:
981:
to ban workplace discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, with 114 original cosponsors, up from 62 cosponsors for the trans-inclusive bill of 2007." The lead Republican cosponsor was Rep.
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would prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity not only in employment, but also housing, public accommodations, public education, federal funding, credit, and jury service.
5049:
5044:
5009:
5004:
4755:
2165:
2085:
1976:
461:
2601:
112th Congress: "Nothing in this Act shall be construed to require a covered entity to treat an unmarried couple in the same manner as the covered entity treats a married couple for purposes of employee
875:
2592:
111th and 112th Congresses: "In this Act, the term 'married' refers to marriage as such term is defined in section 7 of title 1, United States Code (commonly known as the 'Defense of Marriage Act')."
2537:
4173:
4888:
4848:
2157:
2077:
1011:
4103:
2798:
2418:
4999:
4994:
2912:
321:
4939:
4629:
4616:
4218:
3032:
1427:, announced they were withdrawing support for the 113th Congress version of ENDA because of their concerns about the breadth of its religious exemption in relation to the ruling in
1203:
an amendment by Senator Portman to prevent government retaliation against religious institutions, the Senate approved ENDA on November 7, 2013, on a 64–32 vote. Arizona Republicans
356:
5034:
4703:
2407:
Evidence Discrimination based on sexual orientation occurs at a similar rate as sex and race at 4.7 per 10,000, as compared to discrimination based on sex at 5.4 and race at 6.5.
2161:
2081:
1968:
3414:
1980:
1972:
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708:
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316:
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protections were added to the legislation for the first time. Some sponsors believed that even with a Democratic majority, ENDA did not have enough votes to pass the
2504:
4767:
4669:
4639:
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A 2005 analysis by the Arizona Human Rights Foundation discusses ENDA's history, the corporate response to it, religious issues and gender identity inclusion issues
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Transgender people may experience higher rates of discrimination than the LGB population. A survey of transgender and gender non-conforming people conducted by the
341:
4096:
3939:
2169:
2089:
1964:
4178:
746:
In a survey conducted by Harris Interactive, 38 percent of LGBT people report incomes less than $ 35,000, compared to 33 percent of all U.S. adults over age 18.
5039:
4893:
4733:
4072:
574:
3305:
1373:
2473:
Tilcsik, A. (2011). Pride and prejudice: Employment discrimination against openly gay men in the United States. American Journal of Sociology, 117, 586–626.
4713:
4659:
2419:"Evidence of Employment Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: Complaints Filed with State Enforcement Agencies, 1999–2007"
3793:
3496:
3385:
61:
5024:
4779:
1376:
said ENDA goes beyond prohibiting unjust discrimination and poses several problems. It notes, for example, that the bill: (1) lacks an exception for a "
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4799:
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1313:
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vote succeeded in the Senate on November 4, 2013, with 61 voting in favor and 30 against, allowing the Senate to schedule a vote. Republican Senators
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739:
351:
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4818:
4606:
4297:
4287:
2425:
2010:
1309:
431:
127:
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4811:
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4242:
1232:
639:
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by punishing as discrimination the religious or moral disapproval of same-sex sexual conduct, while protecting only some religious employers.
1014:, which held a hearing on the legislation on September 23, 2009. At the end of the 111th Congress, H.R. 3017 had 203 cosponsors in the House.
775:
4929:
3040:
366:
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4789:
4718:
4708:
4698:
2240:
1377:
326:
276:
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legalizing discrimination against asexual individuals. Religious organizations are provided an exception, broader than that found in the
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introduced it in the Senate. On November 7, 2013, Merkley's bill passed the Senate with bipartisan support by a vote of 64–32. President
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4388:
3685:
3256:
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1416:
115:
95:
51:
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movements, became honorary chairman of a drive to pass a federal law preventing job discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
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4883:
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1412:
1302:
1228:
987:
376:
371:
336:
160:
135:
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Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination in Employment: A Legal Analysis of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA)
4046:
3418:
3223:
As Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives, Merkley successfully managed the enactment of Oregon's state version of ENDA, the
4112:
2645:
961:
Some LGBT activist organizations refused to support H.R. 3685 because of its failure to cover gender identity. An exception was the
567:
346:
266:
170:
2485:
1041:(D-CT). Sen. Merkley said "It's certainly possible that this could be passed by year's end, though the schedule is very crowded."
958:
voting. Frank introduced a separate piece of legislation to prohibit discrimination in employment on the basis of gender identity.
827:, thus prohibiting discrimination in employment and access to public accommodations and facilities. The bill died in June 1974 but
650:
threatened to veto the measure. LGBT advocacy organizations and the LGBT community were divided over support of the modified bill.
4858:
4624:
4036:
3440:
823:, an "Equality Act" which would have added "sex, marital status or sexual orientation" to the protected classes specified in the
627:
619:
271:
187:
3182:
2383:
2348:
1199:
After rejecting by a vote of 43–55 an amendment by Senator Toomey to expand the religious exemptions and accepting by unanimous
4234:
5019:
5014:
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1408:
4026:
3910:
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3361:
3335:
2294:
699:, noting that as of 2020, 29 states do not have the full protections the Equality Act would provide for the LGBT community.
3831:
2751:
2266:
618:. Similar legislation has been introduced without passage since 1974. The bill gained its best chance at passing after the
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517:
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175:
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1347:
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1248:
1244:
918:
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828:
696:
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673:
615:
560:
494:
489:
466:
298:
2709:
4543:
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4508:
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1340:
140:
4310:
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4041:
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3662:
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4458:
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4260:
4183:
3994:
2562:
1290:
3497:"Roll Call Vote On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to S. 815)"
3313:
3143:
767:
unions and domestic partnerships prevents requiring an employer to treat unmarried and married couples similarly.
4493:
4488:
4363:
4226:
3105:
966:
686:
451:
406:
251:
110:
3468:
2320:
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to all. Advocates argue that homosexuality is not a "choice" but a personal identity, a claim supported by the
922:
921:
there were two versions of the bill, both of which provided employment protections similar to Title VII of the
824:
756:
691:
192:
3853:
2538:"Ending Employment Discrimination in America: Lies, Damned Lies and Statistics About America's LGBT Families"
715:
4568:
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4127:
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863:
848:
2362:
4784:
4588:
4563:
4468:
4408:
4383:
4353:
4343:
3777:
3279:
3156:
3131:
1420:
1366:
596:
283:
4031:
4924:
4523:
4478:
4418:
4393:
4348:
4292:
4249:
4196:
4160:
4147:
3183:"Merkley, Collins, Kennedy, Snowe Introduce Legislation To End Workplace Discrimination, August 5, 2009"
2212:
which focuses on additional protections including in housing and the jury system as well as employment.
1389:
1381:
1251:
which focuses on additional protections including in housing and the jury system as well as employment.
962:
731:
623:
534:
331:
288:
226:
221:
122:
105:
2895:
851:
might be more inclined to support ENDA." Early versions of ENDA did not include provisions to protect
718:
646:
inclusion and dropped it from the bill, which passed the House and then died in the Senate. President
4553:
4433:
4398:
4202:
3612:
2505:"Bias in the Workplace: Consistent Evidence of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination"
1188:(PA) voted for cloture, joining 52 of 53 Democratic senators and both independent senators. Senators
43:
3522:
4654:
4558:
4513:
4413:
4140:
3527:
3224:
999:
983:
293:
2693:
2488:. National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. Archived from
1076:
held a hearing on the bill, the first such hearing to include testimony by a transgender witness.
4303:
3640:
1220:
723:
604:
411:
256:
216:
3263:. U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. June 12, 2012. Archived from
3170:
2824:
2244:
2017:
1842:
1779:
1716:
1593:
1504:
1061:) in the House to ban workplace discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity.
1022:
661:
introduced a transgender-inclusive version of ENDA. He introduced it again in 2011, and Senator
2976:
2871:
2772:
2177:
2135:
2097:
2055:
1988:
1942:
1908:
1879:
1813:
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1653:
1627:
1567:
1538:
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to allow a vote on the legislation "as part of any available legislative vehicle including the
1139:
1131:
1069:
1058:
978:
954:
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grooming standards for the gender to which the employee has transitioned or is transitioning."
942:
858:
820:
4919:
4166:
3824:"Employment Discrimination against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People in Oklahoma"
3007:
2743:
1824:
1761:
1701:
1638:
1401:
446:
436:
401:
209:
165:
3710:
3264:
3157:
Cosponsors - H.R.3017 - 111th Congress (2009-2010): Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2009
3132:
Cosponsors - H.R.2015 - 110th Congress (2007-2008): Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2007
4598:
3110:
2558:
1294:
1189:
703:
Evidence of employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity
441:
4021:
3810:
2451:
4076:
3797:
2899:
2713:
2680:
1393:
1362:
1320:
1150:
946:
862:
The "United ENDA" coalition protests the removal of gender identity from the 2007 bill at
635:
608:
527:
421:
396:
261:
100:
1289:
and by many U.S. states. Proponents argue that such a law is appropriate in light of the
1235:
voted 7 to 3 against adding ENDA as an amendment to the 2015 defense authorization bill.
2943:
2783:
2489:
4914:
4210:
4153:
2127:
2047:
1934:
1871:
1805:
1742:
1682:
1619:
1530:
1470:
1397:
1354:
1213:
1193:
1153:(R-TN) announced he would offer three amendments when the Senate takes up the measure.
838:
In the early 1990s, supporters of the legislation decided to focus on employment. Rep.
647:
600:
512:
426:
204:
182:
3336:"Merkley, Kirk, Harkin, Collins Introduce Legislation to End Workplace Discrimination"
3205:
1079:
4988:
4830:
3523:"ENDA Vote: Senate Clears Major Hurdle On Bill Barring LGBT Workplace Discrimination"
3092:
2784:
H.R. 3685 (110th): Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2007 (On Passage of the Bill)
2486:"Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey"
1385:
1282:
1165:
1034:
1030:
1007:
938:
934:
456:
416:
4081:
2611:
4960:
4070:
The Employment Non-Discrimination Act: An Argument for H.R. 3685 by Deborah L. Cook
3339:
3306:"ENDA Introduced – With 92 Fewer Co-Sponsors Than at the End of the 111th Congress"
2377:"The State of the Workplace: for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Americans"
2349:"Victory at Last! Supreme Court Confirms Workplace Protections for LGBTQ Employees"
2208:
onwards, efforts to pass non-discrimination legislation has focused on the broader
2188:
2108:
2066:
2028:
1999:
1953:
1919:
1890:
1727:
1664:
1578:
1549:
1489:
1424:
1324:
1247:
onwards, efforts to pass non-discrimination legislation has focused on the broader
1224:
1161:
1135:
1065:
1018:
1003:
926:
839:
666:
662:
658:
550:
522:
3778:
Examining the Employment Nondiscrimination Act (ENDA): The Scientists Perspective
3063:
2298:
2280:
3410:
2848:
2146:
1853:
1790:
1604:
1515:
1328:
1298:
1277:
1208:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1127:
1026:
995:
930:
852:
844:
812:
643:
233:
81:
77:
2836:
759:. Non-profit membership-only clubs, except labor unions, are similarly exempt.
4335:
3231:"Senator Jeff Merkley Introduces the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA)"
2623:
2472:
1204:
1200:
1196:(R-AK) supported the legislation, but were unable to attend the cloture vote.
1185:
1038:
855:
people from discrimination and ENDA was not introduced in the 109th Congress.
669:
supported the bill's passage, but the House Rules Committee voted against it.
4061:
3011:
2849:"ENDA to Be Separated Into Two Bills: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity"
2747:
1025:) that included gender identity, with 38 original cosponsors including Sens.
3068:
2706:
2638:"Equality Act Reintroduced in Congress with Unprecedented Corporate Support"
1177:
1072:) in the Senate. The bill had 39 original cosponsors. On June 19, 2012, the
991:
847:"believed that other senators looking for 'cover' on their vote in favor of
3995:"Gay Rights Groups Pull Support For ENDA Over Sweeping Religious Exemption"
3257:"Employment Non-Discrimination Act: Ensuring Opportunity for All Americans"
2721:
2563:"Gay Rights Groups Pull Support For ENDA Over Sweeping Religious Exemption"
4032:
A scientific examination of ENDA by the American Psychological Association
4027:
A page on ENDA on the website of the Human Rights Campaign, endorsing ENDA
3940:"Context Matters: A Better Libertarian Approach to Antidiscrimination Law"
2363:"One Colorado Celebrates 'Really Historic Day' & Supreme Court Ruling"
3888:
1358:
1273:
1902:
House Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights and Civil Liberties
1010:(R-NJ) were among the original cosponsors. The bill was referred to the
546:
3000:"Gay rights groups withdraw support of ENDA after Hobby Lobby decision"
1737:
Died in the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
1407:
In June and July 2014, several pro-LGBT advocacy groups, including the
1269:
1157:
816:
73:
69:
3800:
The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law. Accessed October 20, 2007.
3711:
Motion to Discharge a Committee from the Consideration of a Resolution
2683:
The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law. Accessed October 20, 2007.
3686:"Discharge petition filed for ENDA with narrowed religious exemption"
3033:"Op-ed: Why One of the Biggest LGBT Orgs Has Stopped Supporting ENDA"
4047:
A Campus Progress debate about ENDA and gender-identity protections.
4022:
H.R. 3017: The Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2009 on GovTrack
3811:
CBO Cost Estimate: S. 1284 Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2002
1499:
Died in the House Subcommittee on Select Education and Civil Rights
17:
4052:
Directory of EEOC and state anti-employment discrimination agencies
2868:"ENDA October 1 Letter | National Gay and Lesbian Task Force"
2335:"Human Rights Campaign: Supreme Court is on Right Side of History"
1357:
argue that laws against private sector discrimination are acts of
1219:
In the House, on September 17, 2014, Representative Polis filed a
1078:
874:
857:
774:
4057:
The Employment Nondiscrimination Act of 2007 by Richard R. Hammar
3966:"Questions and Answers About the Employee Non-Discrimination Act"
2612:
S 2056 – Employment Nondiscrimination Act of 1996 – Voting Record
1380:," which exists for every other category of discrimination under
1264:
Political proponents of the law intend it to address cases where
614:
ENDA has been introduced in every Congress since 1994 except the
2827:
Transgender Workplace Diversity Blog. Accessed October 20, 2007.
676:, a bill with far more comprehensive protections than ENDA. The
31:
4085:
1771:
Died in the House Subcommittee on Employer-Employee Relations
1711:
Died in the House Subcommittee on Employer-Employee Relations
1648:
Died in the House Subcommittee on Employer-Employee Relations
1265:
4174:
Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act
4889:
History of violence against LGBT people in the United States
4849:
U.S. state constitutional amendments banning same-sex unions
4051:
2707:
New "Unified" Bill to Replace ENDA: A Left Coast Perspective
2694:
No ENDA in sight – Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 1996
1231:" before the end of the 113th Congress. Later that day, the
3608:"Senate adopts ENDA amendment designed to protect churches"
3386:"Roll Call Vote On Passage of the Bill (S. 815 As Amended)"
2892:
2267:"The Equality Act is the LGBT Rights Bill We Want and Need"
1308:
The Congressional Budget Office in 2002 estimated that the
1074:
Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor & Pensions
881:
Sexual Orientation Employment Nondiscrimination Act of 2007
3780:
American Psychological Association. Accessed May 22, 2010.
2281:"The 2016 Election: Know the facts about the Equality Act"
1865:
Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
1588:
Died in the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources
1525:
Died in the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources
743:
at a rate of between 15 and 57 percent of the population.
672:
From 2015 on, LGBT rights advocates moved to support the
5050:
Proposed legislation of the 113th United States Congress
5045:
Proposed legislation of the 112th United States Congress
5010:
Proposed legislation of the 111th United States Congress
5005:
Proposed legislation of the 110th United States Congress
4219:
Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission
3093:
Frank Introduces Trans-Inclusive ENDA|News|Advocate.com:
1396:" as something people may choose at variance with their
1147:
Senate Health, Education, Labor & Pensions Committee
3813:
Congressional Budget Office. Accessed October 20, 2007.
2040:
Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee
1046:
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee
717:
from 2018, show that 1,811 LGBT complaints were filed.
657:, and after the divisiveness of the 2007 debate, Rep.
4940:
Disney and Florida's Parental Rights in Education Act
2243:. National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. Archived from
3751:"House panel rejects last-ditch effort to pass ENDA"
1316:, which has consistently been upheld by the courts.
4902:
4871:
4854:
Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state
4839:
4682:
4638:
4615:
4597:
4334:
4271:
4126:
4119:
3791:
Do Gay Rights Laws Matter?: An Empirical Assessment
3725:"House Republicans urge Boehner to allow ENDA vote"
2736:"Kennedy's ENDA: A Seventeen-Year Gay-Rights Fight"
2241:"Nondiscrimination legislation historical timeline"
1384:, except for race; (2) lacks a distinction between
953:When that bill died in committee, Frank introduced
709:
LGBT employment discrimination in the United States
3636:"Senate Approves Ban on Antigay Bias in Workplace"
3171:S.1584 - Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2009
2722:Chris Geidner, "Double Defeat," September 15, 2011
27:Legislation proposed in the United States Congress
3575:
3573:
3380:
3378:
1836:House Subcommittee on Employer-Employee Relations
1057:On April 6, 2011, Frank introduced an ENDA bill (
5000:United States proposed federal labor legislation
4995:United States proposed federal LGBTQ legislation
3362:"Trans advocate testifies before Senate on ENDA"
1979:committees. Hearings held September 23, 2009 in
3144:"Congressional hearing on ENDA: great success!"
3088:
3086:
1929:Passed the House (235–184), died in the Senate
4037:Transcript of the 2002 Senate Hearings on ENDA
1138:(D-OR) introduced an ENDA bill in the Senate (
4894:2020s anti-LGBT movement in the United States
4097:
3166:
3164:
2198:Passed in Senate (64–32), died in the House.
1676:Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources
1130:(D-CO) introduced an ENDA bill in the House (
684:On June 15, 2020, the Supreme Court ruled in
568:
8:
5035:Anti-discrimination law in the United States
4756:State bans on local anti-discrimination laws
3973:United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
3441:"Senate panel advances trans-inclusive ENDA"
2913:"HRC Alone in Eschewing No-Compromise Stand"
1374:United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
1339:Ed Vitagliano, director of research for the
1216:, who supported the bill's passage, absent.
900: Abstention or no representative seated
3911:"ENDA Hurts Kids: The Impact on Classrooms"
3773:
3771:
653:In 2009, following Democratic gains in the
611:, by employers with at least 15 employees.
30:"ENDA" redirects here. For other uses, see
4686:
4322:Presidential Memorandum of August 25, 2017
4132:
4123:
4104:
4090:
4082:
3789:Rubenstein, William B. (January 30, 2002)
3455:"Reid sets up Senate vote Monday for ENDA"
2716:TG Crossroads. Accessed October 20, 2007;
2132:Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2013
2052:Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2011
1939:Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2009
1876:Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2007
1810:Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2003
1776:Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2002
1747:Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2001
1687:Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 1999
1624:Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 1997
1535:Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 1995
1475:Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 1994
607:or, depending on the version of the bill,
575:
561:
38:
3415:"ENDA introduced with bipartisan backing"
2626:Stonewall.org. Accessed October 20, 2007.
1314:Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
1085:Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2013
603:in hiring and employment on the basis of
4773:Florida Parental Rights in Education Act
4179:Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010
2793:
2791:
2696:The Advocate. Accessed October 20, 2007.
2510:. The Williams Institute. Archived from
2424:. The Williams Institute. Archived from
2122:committee. Hearings held June 12, 2012.
1440:
781:Employment Nondiscrimination Act of 1996
740:National Center for Transgender Equality
4298:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
4288:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
3551:"Senate Passes ENDA on Procedural Vote"
2734:Socarides, Richard (November 5, 2013).
2382:. Human Rights Campaign. Archived from
2232:
1310:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
1049:was pending before the HELP committee.
50:
4243:G.G. v. Gloucester County School Board
3634:Peters, Jeremy W. (November 7, 2013).
2823:Weiss, Jillian Todd. (April 26, 2007)
2120:Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
1561:House Subcommittee on the Constitution
1149:approved ENDA by a 15–7 vote. Senator
4930:Arnold Schwarzenegger and LGBT rights
3881:"How ENDA Could Begin an Uncivil War"
3684:Johnson, Chris (September 17, 2014).
3663:"Casey Statement on Senate ENDA Vote"
3580:Brydum, Sunnivie (November 7, 2013).
3549:Brydum, Sunnivie (November 4, 2013).
3457:. Washington Blade. October 31, 2013.
3106:"Pro-LGBT Republican endorses Romney"
2862:
2860:
2847:Eleveld, Kerry. (September 29, 2007)
7:
5040:Transgender law in the United States
3665:. casey.senate.gov. November 7, 2013
3483:"ENDA Prevails in the Senate, 61-30"
3280:"ENDA comes before Senate committee"
3104:Johnson, Chris (November 30, 2011).
2942:Smith, Nadine (September 29, 2007).
2452:"Estimates of LGBT Public Employees"
2321:"Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia"
1378:bona fide occupational qualification
4879:LGBT movements in the United States
3918:TVC Education & Legal Institute
3885:American Family Association Journal
3749:Johnson, Chris (December 3, 2014).
3521:Terkel, Amanda (November 4, 2013).
3278:Colletta, Jen (November 12, 2009).
2969:"Employment Non-Discrimination Act"
2911:Schindler, Paul (October 4, 2007).
1430:Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.
1417:National Gay and Lesbian Task Force
1012:House Education and Labor Committee
977:On June 24, 2009, Frank introduced
467:Political ideologies regarding LGBT
4935:LGBT protests against Donald Trump
4884:LGBTQ history in the United States
3993:Bendery, Jennifer (July 8, 2014).
3443:. Washington Blade. July 10, 2013.
3229:Teigen, Kristin (August 5, 2009).
3062:Aravosis, John (October 8, 2007).
2624:U.S. Congressmember Bella S. Abzug
2450:Sears, Brad (September 23, 2009).
1413:National Center for Lesbian Rights
1303:American Psychological Association
1229:National Defense Authorization Act
1126:On April 25, 2013, Representative
988:Republican Main Street Partnership
25:
5025:LGBTQ rights in the United States
4113:LGBTQ rights in the United States
3854:"Barry Goldwater, GOP Hero, Dies"
3723:Snow, Justin (December 3, 2014).
3204:Harmon, Andrew (August 5, 2009).
2998:O'Keefe, Ed (November 26, 2021).
2583:and members of the Armed Forces."
1382:Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
831:would later be introduced in the
595:) is legislation proposed in the
589:Employment Non-Discrimination Act
4967:
4966:
4954:
4859:Sodomy laws in the United States
3606:Cox, Ramsey (November 6, 2013).
2705:Manley, Roslyn. (June 17, 2003)
2672:Wendland, Joel. (April 9, 2007)
2042:Hearings held November 5, 2009.
545:
272:Criminalization of homosexuality
60:
4311:DoD Directive 1304.26
3469:"Gay rights advances in Senate"
2166:Oversight and Government Reform
2086:Oversight and Government Reform
1977:Oversight and Government Reform
945:on April 24, 2007. It included
4065:Congressional Research Service
3920:. Traditional Values Coalition
3709:U.S. House of Representatives
2973:American Civil Liberties Union
2837:Final Vote Results For HR 3685
1409:American Civil Liberties Union
1098: One yes, one didn't vote
794: One yes, one didn't vote
1:
4910:Congressional Equality Caucus
3713:, accessed September 22, 2014
3471:. Politico. November 4, 2013.
3206:"ENDA Possible by Year's End"
1110: One no, one didn't vote
1021:introduced ENDA legislation (
3064:"How did the T get in LGBT?"
2854:. Accessed October 20, 2007.
2724:, accessed February 10, 2012
2692:Bull, Chris. (May 13, 1997)
2636:Staff Report (May 4, 2017).
1361:that infringe on employers'
1348:Traditional Values Coalition
919:110th United States Congress
833:115th United States Congress
462:Political parties affiliates
2158:Education and the Workforce
2078:Education and the Workforce
1341:American Family Association
883:by congressional district.
730:One source of evidence for
5066:
4261:303 Creative LLC v. Elenis
4184:Violence Against Women Act
3485:. Slate. November 4, 2013.
2799:"Civil Rights Act of 1964"
2712:February 17, 2004, at the
1453:Gender identity included?
1291:United States Constitution
706:
622:gained the majority after
29:
5030:Employment discrimination
4948:
4768:Anti-LGBT curriculum laws
4746:Employment discrimination
4689:
4313:("Don't ask, don't tell")
4135:
2898:October 10, 2007, at the
2679:January 25, 2008, at the
2131:
2126:
2051:
2046:
2011:House Judiciary Committee
1938:
1933:
1875:
1870:
1809:
1804:
1741:
1686:
1681:
1623:
1618:
1614:Failed in Senate (49–50)
1534:
1529:
1474:
1469:
1068:introduced an ENDA bill (
967:National LGBTQ Task Force
687:Bostock v. Clayton County
4660:Northern Mariana Islands
4255:Respect for Marriage Act
4190:United States v. Windsor
2893:http://nosubstitutes.org
2674:A New Beginning for ENDA
2454:. The Williams Institute
1064:On April 14, 2011, Sen.
1017:On August 5, 2009, Sen.
923:Civil Rights Act of 1964
825:Civil Rights Act of 1964
757:Civil Rights Act of 1964
692:Civil Rights Act of 1964
640:House of Representatives
4704:Conversion therapy bans
4317:Defense of Marriage Act
4283:Immigration Act of 1917
864:San Francisco City Hall
811:On May 14, 1974, Reps.
632:2006 midterm elections.
4714:Housing discrimination
4075:April 2, 2015, at the
3828:The Williams Institute
3796:June 25, 2010, at the
3582:"Senate Approves ENDA"
2975:. 2013. Archived from
1421:Transgender Law Center
1386:homosexual inclination
1367:freedom of association
1239:114th Congress onwards
1145:On July 10, 2013, the
1118:
914:
867:
829:a similarly named bill
808:
690:that Title VII of the
597:United States Congress
5020:2007 in LGBTQ history
5015:2009 in LGBTQ history
4925:LGBT people in prison
4800:Domestic partnerships
4780:Public accommodations
4293:Executive Order 10450
4250:Executive Order 13988
4197:Executive Order 13672
4161:Executive Order 13087
4148:Executive Order 12968
3284:Philadelphia Gay News
1335:In opposition to ENDA
1233:House Rules Committee
1104: One yes, one no
1082:
963:Human Rights Campaign
878:
861:
800: One yes, one no
778:
732:hiring discrimination
535:LGBT people in prison
4785:Religious exemptions
4607:District of Columbia
4231:Harris Funeral Homes
4203:Obergefell v. Hodges
3501:United States Senate
3390:United States Senate
3338:. Office of Senator
3267:on November 3, 2009.
2948:The Bilerico Project
2503:Badgette, M.V. Lee.
2431:on December 16, 2013
2417:Ramos, Christopher.
2389:on September 9, 2013
2283:. November 20, 2015.
2162:House Administration
2082:House Administration
1969:House Administration
1400:; and (5) threatens
894: Republican aye
888: Democratic aye
771:Legislative activity
599:that would prohibit
342:Military and Veteran
4670:U.S. Virgin Islands
4141:One, Inc. v. Olesen
3999:The Huffington Post
3528:The Huffington Post
3225:Oregon Equality Act
2944:"A Moment of Truth"
2805:on October 21, 2010
2622:(October 13, 2007)
2492:on October 6, 2014.
1981:Education and Labor
1973:Education and Labor
1916:September 27, 2007
1800:Died in the Senate
1437:Legislative history
1323:, a hero among the
1083:Senate vote on the
1000:Todd Russell Platts
984:Ileana Ros-Lehtinen
912: Republican no
906: Democratic no
132:Transgender rights
4819:Transgender rights
4739:Sexual orientation
4304:Bowers v. Hardwick
3641:The New York Times
3043:on January 5, 2024
2979:on January 5, 2024
2754:on January 5, 2024
2301:on August 21, 2021
2295:"Equality Act NOW"
1601:September 5, 1996
1221:discharge petition
1119:
915:
868:
819:(D-NY) introduced
809:
724:Williams Institute
630:majorities in the
605:sexual orientation
257:Conversion therapy
111:Germany (pre-1933)
4982:
4981:
4920:Save Our Children
4867:
4866:
4678:
4677:
4330:
4329:
4167:Lawrence v. Texas
3834:on March 20, 2011
3809:(April 24, 2002)
2202:
2201:
1825:Christopher Shays
1762:Christopher Shays
1702:Christopher Shays
1639:Christopher Shays
1402:religious liberty
1293:'s guarantees of
585:
584:
447:Sexual revolution
402:Bisexual politics
161:Decriminalization
16:(Redirected from
5057:
4970:
4969:
4961:LGBTQ portal
4959:
4958:
4957:
4687:
4599:Federal district
4235:Altitude Express
4133:
4124:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4083:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4005:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3970:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3915:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3887:. Archived from
3879:Vitagliano, Ed.
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3830:. Archived from
3820:
3814:
3807:
3801:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3755:Washington Blade
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3720:
3714:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3690:Washington Blade
3681:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3577:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3417:. Archived from
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3382:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3360:Johnson, Chris.
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3316:on April 8, 2011
3312:. Archived from
3304:Geidner, Chris.
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3261:Washington Blade
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3179:
3173:
3168:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3140:
3134:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3111:Washington Blade
3101:
3095:
3090:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3039:. Archived from
3037:www.advocate.com
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2923:on April 9, 2008
2919:. Archived from
2908:
2902:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2870:. Archived from
2864:
2855:
2845:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2825:The text of ENDA
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2801:. Archived from
2795:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2750:. Archived from
2731:
2725:
2703:
2697:
2690:
2684:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2648:on July 29, 2017
2644:. Archived from
2633:
2627:
2620:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2561:(July 8, 2014).
2559:Jennifer Bendery
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2517:on July 20, 2011
2516:
2509:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2484:Grant, Jamie M.
2481:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2423:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2388:
2381:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2365:. June 15, 2020.
2359:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2337:. June 15, 2020.
2331:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2297:. Archived from
2291:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2269:. July 22, 2015.
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2237:
2156:Referred to the
1850:October 2, 2003
1821:October 8, 2003
1462:# of cosponsors
1456:Date introduced
1441:
1295:equal protection
1260:In favor of ENDA
1190:Claire McCaskill
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1044:The U.S. Senate
911:
905:
899:
893:
887:
835:on May 2, 2017.
805:
799:
793:
787:
620:Democratic Party
577:
570:
563:
549:
332:Community centre
188:Military service
128:Social attitudes
64:
54:
39:
21:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5054:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4955:
4953:
4944:
4898:
4863:
4841:
4835:
4805:by municipality
4790:Same-sex unions
4751:by municipality
4719:Intersex rights
4674:
4641:
4634:
4611:
4593:
4326:
4275:
4273:
4267:
4115:
4110:
4077:Wayback Machine
4018:
4013:
4003:
4001:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3977:
3975:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3949:
3947:
3946:. June 16, 2010
3938:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3921:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3894:
3892:
3891:on May 11, 2011
3878:
3877:
3873:
3863:
3861:
3858:Washington Post
3852:
3851:
3847:
3837:
3835:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3808:
3804:
3798:Wayback Machine
3788:
3784:
3776:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3708:
3704:
3694:
3692:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3668:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3618:
3616:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3590:
3588:
3579:
3578:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3533:
3531:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3505:
3503:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3421:on June 2, 2013
3409:
3408:
3404:
3394:
3392:
3384:
3383:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3344:
3342:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3319:
3317:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3288:
3286:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3240:
3238:
3237:. Mandate Media
3228:
3216:
3214:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3151:
3146:. Bilerico.com.
3142:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3126:
3116:
3114:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3004:Washington Post
2997:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2900:Wayback Machine
2891:
2887:
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2875:
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2755:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2714:Wayback Machine
2704:
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2691:
2687:
2681:Wayback Machine
2671:
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2649:
2635:
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2530:
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2518:
2514:
2507:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2428:
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2416:
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2411:
2406:
2402:
2392:
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2386:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2347:
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2342:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2247:on May 24, 2014
2239:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2218:
2191:
2185:April 25, 2013
2149:
2143:April 25, 2013
2111:
2105:April 14, 2011
2069:
2031:
2025:August 5, 2009
2002:
1956:
1922:
1893:
1887:April 24, 2007
1856:
1827:
1793:
1764:
1730:
1704:
1667:
1641:
1607:
1581:
1552:
1518:
1492:
1450:Bill number(s)
1439:
1394:gender identity
1363:property rights
1337:
1321:Barry Goldwater
1262:
1257:
1241:
1151:Lamar Alexander
1124:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1055:
975:
947:gender identity
913:
909:
907:
903:
901:
897:
895:
891:
889:
885:
873:
821:H.R. 14752
807:
803:
801:
797:
795:
791:
789:
785:
779:Senate vote on
773:
752:
711:
705:
636:gender identity
609:gender identity
581:
540:
539:
528:Minority rights
508:
500:
499:
480:
472:
471:
422:Homonationalism
392:
384:
383:
312:
304:
303:
262:Corrective rape
247:
239:
238:
156:
148:
147:
123:Intersex rights
91:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5063:
5061:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4987:
4986:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4964:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4915:Lavender Scare
4912:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4875:
4873:
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4765:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4699:Age of consent
4696:
4690:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4650:American Samoa
4646:
4644:
4640:Unincorporated
4636:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4630:Indian Country
4627:
4621:
4619:
4617:Tribal nations
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4603:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4539:South Carolina
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4504:North Carolina
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
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4340:
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4331:
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4325:
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4319:
4314:
4308:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4239:
4223:
4215:
4211:Pavan v. Smith
4207:
4199:
4194:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4163:
4158:
4154:Romer v. Evans
4150:
4145:
4136:
4130:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4067:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4017:
4016:External links
4014:
4012:
4011:
3985:
3957:
3931:
3902:
3871:
3860:. June 5, 1998
3845:
3815:
3802:
3782:
3767:
3741:
3715:
3702:
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3654:
3626:
3598:
3569:
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3488:
3474:
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3149:
3135:
3124:
3096:
3082:
3054:
3024:
2990:
2960:
2934:
2903:
2885:
2874:on May 9, 2008
2856:
2840:
2829:
2816:
2787:
2776:
2773:H.R. 3685
2765:
2740:The New Yorker
2726:
2698:
2685:
2665:
2659:
2628:
2615:
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2594:
2585:
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2258:
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2217:
2214:
2206:114th Congress
2200:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2154:
2151:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2136:H.R. 1755
2133:
2130:
2128:113th Congress
2124:
2123:
2116:
2113:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2074:
2071:
2064:
2063:April 6, 2011
2061:
2058:
2056:H.R. 1397
2053:
2050:
2048:112th Congress
2044:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1997:
1996:June 19, 2009
1994:
1991:
1989:H.R. 2981
1985:
1984:
1961:
1958:
1951:
1950:June 24, 2009
1948:
1945:
1943:H.R. 3017
1940:
1937:
1935:111th Congress
1931:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1909:H.R. 3685
1905:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1880:H.R. 2015
1877:
1874:
1872:110th Congress
1868:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1814:H.R. 3285
1811:
1808:
1806:108th Congress
1802:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1788:
1787:July 31, 2001
1785:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1759:
1758:July 31, 2001
1756:
1753:
1751:H.R. 2692
1748:
1745:
1743:107th Congress
1739:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1725:
1724:June 24, 1999
1722:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1699:
1698:June 24, 1999
1696:
1693:
1691:H.R. 2355
1688:
1685:
1683:106th Congress
1679:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1662:
1661:June 10, 1997
1659:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1636:
1635:June 10, 1997
1633:
1630:
1628:H.R. 1858
1625:
1622:
1620:105th Congress
1616:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1576:
1575:June 15, 1995
1573:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1547:
1546:June 15, 1995
1544:
1541:
1539:H.R. 1863
1536:
1533:
1531:104th Congress
1527:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1513:
1512:July 29, 1994
1510:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1487:
1486:June 23, 1994
1484:
1481:
1479:H.R. 4636
1476:
1473:
1471:103rd Congress
1467:
1466:
1465:Latest status
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1398:biological sex
1336:
1333:
1287:federal courts
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1245:114th Congress
1240:
1237:
1194:Lisa Murkowski
1134:) and Senator
1132:H.R. 1755
1123:
1122:113th Congress
1120:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1092: Both yes
1088:
1059:H.R. 1397
1054:
1053:112th Congress
1051:
979:H.R. 3017
974:
973:111th Congress
971:
955:H.R. 3685
943:H.R. 2015
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
879:House vote on
872:
871:110th Congress
869:
845:Edward Kennedy
802:
796:
790:
788: Both yes
784:
772:
769:
751:
748:
707:Main article:
704:
701:
655:2008 elections
648:George W. Bush
601:discrimination
583:
582:
580:
579:
572:
565:
557:
554:
553:
542:
541:
538:
537:
532:
531:
530:
520:
515:
513:Discrimination
509:
506:
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501:
498:
497:
492:
487:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
432:Libertarianism
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
393:
390:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
380:
379:
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361:
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344:
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329:
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319:
313:
310:
309:
306:
305:
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291:
286:
281:
280:
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269:
267:Discrimination
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84:
66:
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57:
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48:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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5018:
5016:
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5003:
5001:
4998:
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4874:
4870:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4838:
4832:
4831:Bathroom bill
4829:
4825:
4822:
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4820:
4817:
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4810:
4806:
4803:
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4707:
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4648:
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4625:Navajo Nation
4623:
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4608:
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4596:
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4579:West Virginia
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4495:
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4490:
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4484:New Hampshire
4482:
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4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4444:Massachusetts
4442:
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3695:September 22,
3691:
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3197:
3185:. U.S. Senate
3184:
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2922:
2918:
2917:Gay City News
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2554:
2551:
2539:
2536:Witeck, Bob.
2532:
2529:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2469:
2466:
2453:
2446:
2443:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2385:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:suspect class
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:Susan Collins
1163:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1121:
1116: Both no
1086:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1035:Olympia Snowe
1032:
1031:Susan Collins
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1008:Leonard Lance
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
980:
972:
970:
968:
964:
959:
956:
951:
948:
944:
940:
939:Deborah Pryce
936:
935:Tammy Baldwin
932:
928:
924:
920:
882:
877:
870:
865:
860:
856:
854:
850:
846:
841:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
806: Both no
782:
777:
770:
768:
764:
760:
758:
749:
747:
744:
741:
736:
733:
728:
725:
720:
719:
716:
710:
702:
700:
698:
693:
689:
688:
682:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
578:
573:
571:
566:
564:
559:
558:
556:
555:
552:
548:
544:
543:
536:
533:
529:
526:
525:
524:
521:
519:
518:Freedom Index
516:
514:
511:
510:
504:
503:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
482:
476:
475:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
457:Transfeminism
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
394:
388:
387:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
362:
358:
357:United States
355:
353:
350:
349:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
311:Organizations
308:
307:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
278:
275:
274:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
243:
242:
235:
232:
228:
225:
224:
223:
220:
218:
215:
211:
208:
207:
206:
203:
199:
196:
195:
194:
193:Organizations
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
177:
174:
172:
169:
168:
167:
164:
162:
159:
158:
152:
151:
142:
139:
137:
134:
133:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
117:
116:United States
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
103:
102:
99:
97:
94:
93:
87:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
67:
63:
59:
58:
55:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4971:
4952:
4795:Civil unions
4544:South Dakota
4534:Rhode Island
4529:Pennsylvania
4509:North Dakota
4307: (1986)
4302:
4276:federal laws
4259:
4241:
4238: (2020)
4225:
4222: (2018)
4217:
4214: (2016)
4209:
4206: (2015)
4201:
4193: (2013)
4188:
4170: (2003)
4165:
4157: (1996)
4152:
4144: (1958)
4139:
4002:. Retrieved
3998:
3988:
3976:. Retrieved
3972:
3960:
3950:December 12,
3948:. Retrieved
3944:Cato Unbound
3943:
3934:
3922:. Retrieved
3917:
3905:
3893:. Retrieved
3889:the original
3884:
3874:
3862:. Retrieved
3857:
3848:
3836:. Retrieved
3832:the original
3827:
3818:
3805:
3785:
3758:. Retrieved
3754:
3744:
3732:. Retrieved
3729:Metro Weekly
3728:
3718:
3705:
3693:. Retrieved
3689:
3679:
3667:. Retrieved
3657:
3645:. Retrieved
3639:
3629:
3617:. Retrieved
3611:
3601:
3589:. Retrieved
3586:The Advocate
3585:
3560:. Retrieved
3556:The Advocate
3554:
3544:
3532:. Retrieved
3526:
3516:
3504:. Retrieved
3500:
3491:
3477:
3463:
3449:
3435:
3423:. Retrieved
3419:the original
3411:Benen, Steve
3405:
3393:. Retrieved
3389:
3365:. Retrieved
3355:
3343:. Retrieved
3340:Jeff Merkley
3330:
3318:. Retrieved
3314:the original
3309:
3299:
3287:. Retrieved
3283:
3273:
3265:the original
3260:
3251:
3239:. Retrieved
3234:
3215:. Retrieved
3211:The Advocate
3209:
3199:
3187:. Retrieved
3177:
3152:
3138:
3127:
3115:. Retrieved
3109:
3099:
3073:. Retrieved
3067:
3057:
3045:. Retrieved
3041:the original
3036:
3027:
3015:. Retrieved
3003:
2993:
2981:. Retrieved
2977:the original
2972:
2963:
2951:. Retrieved
2947:
2937:
2927:December 17,
2925:. Retrieved
2921:the original
2916:
2906:
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2872:the original
2852:The Advocate
2851:
2843:
2832:
2819:
2807:. Retrieved
2803:the original
2779:
2768:
2756:. Retrieved
2752:the original
2739:
2729:
2717:
2701:
2688:
2668:
2662:
2650:. Retrieved
2646:the original
2641:
2631:
2618:
2607:
2597:
2588:
2578:
2566:. Retrieved
2553:
2543:December 16,
2541:. Retrieved
2531:
2521:December 16,
2519:. Retrieved
2512:the original
2498:
2490:the original
2479:
2468:
2456:. Retrieved
2445:
2435:December 16,
2433:. Retrieved
2426:the original
2412:
2403:
2393:December 15,
2391:. Retrieved
2384:the original
2371:
2357:
2343:
2329:
2315:
2303:. Retrieved
2299:the original
2289:
2275:
2261:
2249:. Retrieved
2245:the original
2235:
2222:Equality Act
2210:Equality Act
2203:
2189:Jeff Merkley
2172:committees.
2118:Died in the
2109:Jeff Merkley
2092:committees.
2076:Died in the
2067:Barney Frank
2038:Died in the
2029:Jeff Merkley
2018:S. 1584
2009:Died in the
2000:Barney Frank
1963:Died in the
1954:Barney Frank
1920:Barney Frank
1900:Died in the
1891:Barney Frank
1863:Died in the
1843:S. 1705
1834:Died in the
1780:S. 1284
1728:Jim Jeffords
1717:S. 1276
1674:Died in the
1665:Jim Jeffords
1594:S. 2056
1579:Jim Jeffords
1559:Died in the
1550:Gerry Studds
1505:S. 2238
1490:Gerry Studds
1447:Short title
1428:
1425:Lambda Legal
1406:
1371:
1355:Libertarians
1352:
1345:
1338:
1325:conservative
1318:
1307:
1263:
1249:Equality Act
1242:
1225:John Boehner
1218:
1198:
1162:Kelly Ayotte
1155:
1144:
1136:Jeff Merkley
1125:
1084:
1066:Jeff Merkley
1063:
1056:
1043:
1023:S. 1584
1019:Jeff Merkley
1016:
1006:(R-IL), and
1004:Judy Biggert
976:
960:
952:
927:Barney Frank
916:
880:
840:Gerry Studds
837:
810:
780:
765:
761:
753:
745:
737:
729:
721:
712:
697:Equality Act
685:
683:
678:Equality Act
674:Equality Act
671:
667:Barack Obama
663:Jeff Merkley
659:Barney Frank
652:
624:twelve years
613:
592:
588:
586:
551:LGBTQ portal
523:Human rights
412:Conservatism
222:Relationship
171:Legal status
136:Legal status
36:
4840:Repealed or
4763:Immigration
4729:Transgender
4709:Hate crimes
4665:Puerto Rico
4642:territories
4459:Mississippi
4374:Connecticut
4272:Repealed or
3978:November 4,
3864:November 2,
3760:December 3,
3734:December 3,
3669:November 7,
3647:November 7,
3619:November 7,
3591:November 7,
3562:November 7,
3534:November 7,
3506:November 7,
3395:November 7,
3310:MetroWeekly
2878:October 11,
2718:MetroWeekly
2642:njtoday.net
2178:S. 815
2147:Jared Polis
2098:S. 811
1983:committee.
1854:Ted Kennedy
1791:Ted Kennedy
1654:S. 869
1605:Ted Kennedy
1568:S. 932
1516:Ted Kennedy
1459:Sponsor(s)
1329:libertarian
1299:due process
1278:transgender
1209:John McCain
1192:(D-MO) and
1182:Rob Portman
1174:Dean Heller
1170:Orrin Hatch
1140:S. 815
1128:Jared Polis
1070:S. 811
1037:(R-ME) and
1027:Ted Kennedy
996:Mike Castle
941:introduced
931:Chris Shays
853:transgender
815:(D-NY) and
813:Bella Abzug
644:transgender
437:Nationalism
352:Transgender
227:Recognition
217:Pinkwashing
82:Transgender
53:LGBT rights
4989:Categories
4842:overturned
4574:Washington
4494:New Mexico
4489:New Jersey
4364:California
4274:overturned
3367:October 6,
3235:BlueOregon
3189:October 6,
3047:January 5,
3017:January 5,
2983:January 5,
2809:October 2,
2758:January 5,
2602:benefits."
2568:August 16,
2228:References
1205:Jeff Flake
1201:voice vote
1186:Pat Toomey
1184:(OH), and
1039:Chris Dodd
750:Provisions
628:Republican
442:Radicalism
427:Liberation
363:Religious
289:Propaganda
284:Opposition
252:Censorship
246:Opposition
4872:Movements
4584:Wisconsin
4549:Tennessee
4454:Minnesota
4429:Louisiana
4120:By entity
3895:April 30,
3425:April 25,
3345:April 14,
3241:March 22,
3217:August 5,
3075:March 22,
3069:Salon.com
3012:0190-8286
2953:March 22,
2748:0028-792X
2458:April 30,
2204:From the
2170:Judiciary
2090:Judiciary
1965:Judiciary
1444:Congress
1319:In 1994,
1255:Arguments
1243:From the
1214:Bob Casey
1178:Mark Kirk
992:Mark Kirk
634:In 2007,
452:Socialism
407:Communism
397:Anarchist
367:Christian
277:Execution
205:Parenting
183:Migration
101:Movements
4973:Category
4812:Marriage
4734:Intersex
4724:Military
4694:Adoption
4569:Virginia
4519:Oklahoma
4499:New York
4474:Nebraska
4464:Missouri
4449:Michigan
4439:Maryland
4424:Kentucky
4404:Illinois
4379:Delaware
4369:Colorado
4359:Arkansas
4073:Archived
4004:July 13,
3794:Archived
3613:The Hill
3320:April 7,
3289:June 20,
3117:June 25,
2896:Archived
2710:Archived
2677:Archived
2652:July 29,
2305:June 17,
2251:June 17,
2216:See also
1359:coercion
1274:bisexual
1033:(R-ME),
1029:(D-MA),
1002:(R-PA),
998:(R-DE),
994:(R-IL),
990:members
986:(R-FL).
925:. Reps.
495:Category
479:Timeline
391:Politics
327:Intersex
322:Bisexual
299:Violence
294:Rhetoric
210:Adoption
176:Timeline
166:Marriage
141:Movement
90:Overview
78:Bisexual
44:a series
42:Part of
4903:Related
4683:By type
4589:Wyoming
4564:Vermont
4469:Montana
4409:Indiana
4389:Georgia
4384:Florida
4354:Arizona
4344:Alabama
4227:Bostock
4128:Federal
3924:July 7,
2192:(D-OR)
2150:(D-CO)
2112:(D-OR)
2070:(D-MA)
2032:(D-OR)
2003:(D-MA)
1957:(D-MA)
1923:(D-MA)
1894:(D-MA)
1857:(D-MA)
1828:(R-CT)
1794:(D-MA)
1765:(R-CT)
1731:(R-VT)
1705:(R-CT)
1668:(R-VT)
1642:(R-CT)
1608:(D-MA)
1582:(R-VT)
1553:(D-MA)
1519:(D-MA)
1493:(D-MA)
1390:conduct
1285:by the
1270:lesbian
1158:cloture
917:In the
817:Ed Koch
507:Related
417:Ecology
337:Medical
155:Aspects
106:Student
70:Lesbian
4824:voting
4524:Oregon
4479:Nevada
4419:Kansas
4394:Hawaii
4349:Alaska
4336:States
4264:(2023)
4246:(2020)
3838:May 1,
3010:
2746:
2168:, and
2088:, and
1975:, and
1423:, and
1276:, and
1180:(IL),
1176:(NV),
1172:(UT),
1168:(ME),
1164:(NH),
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
937:, and
910:
904:
898:
892:
886:
804:
798:
792:
786:
377:Muslim
372:Jewish
347:Rights
96:Rights
4554:Texas
4434:Maine
4399:Idaho
3969:(PDF)
3914:(PDF)
2515:(PDF)
2508:(PDF)
2429:(PDF)
2422:(PDF)
2387:(PDF)
2380:(PDF)
1353:Some
642:with
616:109th
485:Years
234:Union
4655:Guam
4559:Utah
4514:Ohio
4414:Iowa
4006:2015
3980:2013
3952:2012
3926:2014
3897:2011
3866:2013
3840:2011
3762:2014
3736:2014
3697:2014
3671:2013
3649:2013
3621:2013
3593:2013
3564:2013
3536:2013
3508:2013
3427:2013
3397:2013
3369:2012
3347:2011
3322:2011
3291:2020
3243:2012
3219:2009
3191:2012
3119:2009
3077:2012
3049:2024
3019:2024
3008:ISSN
2985:2024
2955:2012
2929:2013
2880:2007
2811:2008
2760:2024
2744:ISSN
2654:2017
2570:2014
2545:2013
2523:2013
2460:2011
2437:2013
2395:2013
2307:2020
2253:2017
2182:Yes
2153:205
2140:Yes
2102:Yes
2073:171
2060:Yes
2022:Yes
1993:Yes
1960:203
1947:Yes
1897:184
1884:Yes
1831:180
1768:193
1708:173
1645:140
1556:142
1496:137
1388:and
1372:The
1365:and
1346:The
1327:and
1297:and
1207:and
849:DOMA
722:The
593:ENDA
587:The
490:List
317:LGBT
198:List
32:Enda
18:ENDA
2195:56
2115:43
2035:45
2006:12
1913:No
1860:43
1847:No
1818:No
1797:44
1784:No
1755:No
1734:36
1721:No
1695:No
1671:34
1658:No
1632:No
1598:No
1585:30
1572:No
1543:No
1522:30
1509:No
1483:No
1266:gay
1142:).
626:of
74:Gay
4991::
3997:.
3971:.
3942:.
3916:.
3883:.
3856:.
3826:.
3770:^
3753:.
3727:.
3688:.
3638:.
3610:.
3584:.
3572:^
3553:.
3525:.
3499:.
3413:.
3388:.
3377:^
3308:.
3282:.
3259:.
3233:.
3227:.
3208:.
3163:^
3108:.
3085:^
3066:.
3035:.
3006:.
3002:.
2971:.
2946:.
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