Enterprise resource planning

238:. Rather than just manage buying, selling, etc.—ERP II leverages information in the resources under its management to help the enterprise collaborate with other enterprises. ERP II is more flexible than the first generation ERP. Rather than confine ERP system capabilities within the organization, it goes beyond the corporate walls to interact with other systems. Enterprise application suite is an alternate name for such systems. ERP II systems are typically used to enable collaborative initiatives such as 180:, and human-resource components. By the mid-1990s ERP systems addressed all core enterprise functions. Governments and non–profit organizations also began to use ERP systems. An "ERP system selection methodology" is a formal process for selecting an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. Existing methodologies include: Kuiper's funnel method, Dobrin's three-dimensional (3D) web-based decision support tool, and the Clarkston Potomac methodology. 33: 629:– ERP systems connect to plant floor data sources through staging tables in a database. Plant floor systems deposit the necessary information into the database. The ERP system reads the information in the table. The benefit of staging is that ERP vendors do not need to master the complexities of equipment integration. Connectivity becomes the responsibility of the systems integrator. 1108:

or upgrade them whenever necessary. In addition to that, following the examples above, companies can select and combine cloud-based and on-premises solutions that are most suited for their ERP needs. The downside of postmodern ERP is that it will most likely lead to an increased number of software vendors that companies will have to manage, as well as pose additional

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distribution, production, or sales centers and service providers continue operating under their own business model—separate from the main company, using their own ERP systems. Since these smaller companies' processes and workflows are not tied to main company's processes and workflows, they can respond to local business requirements in multiple locations.

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process changes, and the readiness of the customer to take ownership for the project. Modular ERP systems can be implemented in stages. The typical project for a large enterprise takes about 14 months and requires around 150 consultants. Small projects can require months; multinational and other large implementations can take years.

648:– Many system integrators offer custom solutions. These systems tend to have the highest level of initial integration cost, and can have a higher long term maintenance and reliability costs. Long term costs can be minimized through careful system testing and thorough documentation. Custom–integrated solutions typically run on 789:

degrees of system customization—with the first being the most invasive and costly to maintain. Alternatively, there are non-technical options such as changing business practices or organizational policies to better match the delivered ERP feature set. Key differences between customization and configuration include:

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The main benefits that companies will gain from implementing postmodern ERP strategy are speed and flexibility when reacting to unexpected changes in business processes or on the organizational level. With the majority of applications having a relatively loose connection, it is fairly easy to replace

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but it shouldn't be confused with it. While in both cases, applications that make up the whole are relatively loosely connected and quite easily interchangeable, in the case of the latter there is no ERP solution whatsoever. Instead, every business function is covered by a separate software solution.

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Configuration changes survive upgrades to new software versions. Some customizations (e.g., code that uses pre–defined "hooks" that are called before/after displaying data screens) survive upgrades, though they require retesting. Other customizations (e.g., those involving changes to fundamental data

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platform, business rules can be written requiring the signature of a business owner within 2 weeks of a newly completed risk assessment. The tool can be configured to automatically email notifications to the business owner, and transition the risk assessment to various stages in the process depending

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It is therefore crucial that organizations thoroughly analyze processes before they deploy an ERP software. Analysis can identify opportunities for process modernization. It also enables an assessment of the alignment of current processes with those provided by the ERP system. Research indicates that

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ERP systems are theoretically based on industry best practices, and their makers intend that organizations deploy them "as is". ERP vendors do offer customers configuration options that let organizations incorporate their own business rules, but gaps in features often remain even after configuration

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Two-tier ERP software and hardware lets companies run the equivalent of two ERP systems at once: one at the corporate level and one at the division or subsidiary level. For example, a manufacturing company could use an ERP system to manage across the organization using independent global or regional

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ERP's scope usually implies significant changes to staff work processes and practices. Generally, three types of services are available to help implement such changes: consulting, customization, and support. Implementation time depends on business size, number of modules, customization, the scope of

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Both system implementations, in private and public organizations, are adopted to improve productivity and overall business performance in organizations, but comparisons (private vs. public) of implementations shows that the main factors influencing ERP implementation success in the public sector are

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Cordova, Ronald S., Rolou Lyn R. Maata, Ferdinand J. Epoc, and Marwan Alshar'e. "Challenges and Opportunities of Using Blockchain in Supply Chain Management." Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal 13, no. 3 (2021): 204+. Gale Academic OneFile (accessed January 26, 2022).

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Ram, Jiwat, and David Corkindale. “Developing a Framework for the Management of Critical Success Factors in Organisational Innovation Projects: A Case of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems.” Integrating Innovation: South Australian Entrepreneurship Systems and Strategies, edited by Göran Roos and

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The basic idea is that there should still be a core ERP solution that would cover most important business functions, while other functions will be covered by specialist software solutions that merely extend the core ERP. This concept is similar to the "best-of-breed" approach to software execution,

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ERP can improve data security in a closed environment. A common control system, such as the kind offered by ERP systems, allows organizations the ability to more easily ensure key company data is not compromised. This changes, however, with a more open environment, requiring further scrutiny of ERP

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AlMuhayfith, Sara, and Hani Shaiti. "The Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning on Business Performance: With the Discussion on Its Relationship with Open Innovation." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 3 (2020). Gale Academic OneFile (accessed January 26, 2022).

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across the organization, leading to improved strategic planning, resource allocation, and overall business performance. Moreover, ERP systems facilitate better forecasting and trend analysis, helping businesses anticipate market changes, identify opportunities, and mitigate risks more effectively.

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ERP is enhanced decision-making capabilities. By consolidating data from various departments and functions into a single, unified platform, ERP systems provide decision-makers with real-time insights and comprehensive analytics. This enables more informed and data-driven decision-making processes

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ERP customers have several options to reconcile feature gaps, each with their own pros/cons. Technical solutions include rewriting part of the delivered software, writing a homegrown module to work within the ERP system, or interfacing to an external system. These three options constitute varying

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There is, however, no golden rule as to what business functions should be part of the core ERP, and what should be covered by supplementary solutions. According to Gartner, every company must define their own postmodern ERP strategy, based on company's internal and external needs, operations and

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ERP implementation is considerably more difficult (and politically charged) in decentralized organizations, because they often have different processes, business rules, data semantics, authorization hierarchies, and decision centers. This may require migrating some business units before others,

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Implementing ERP typically requires changes in existing business processes. Poor understanding of needed process changes prior to starting implementation is a main reason for project failure. The difficulties could be related to the system, business process, infrastructure, training, or lack of

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Rubina Adam, Paula Kotze, Alta van der Merwe. 2011. Acceptance of enterprise resource planning systems by small manufacturing Enterprises. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, edited by Runtong Zhang, José Cordeiro, Xuewei Li, Zhenji Zhang and

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Research published in 2011 based on a survey of 225 manufacturers, retailers and distributors found "high" rates of interest and adoption of ERP systems and that very few businesses were "completely untouched" by the concept of an ERP system. 27% of the companies survey had a fully operational

775:) is required where data must pass between two ERP systems Two-tier ERP strategies give enterprises agility in responding to market demands and in aligning IT systems at a corporate level while inevitably resulting in more systems as compared to one ERP system used throughout the organization. 757:

Given the realities of globalization, enterprises continuously evaluate how to optimize their regional, divisional, and product or manufacturing strategies to support strategic goals and reduce time-to-market while increasing profitability and delivering value. With two-tier ERP, the regional

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is the process of moving, copying, and restructuring data from an existing system to the ERP system. Migration is critical to implementation success and requires significant planning. Unfortunately, since migration is one of the final activities before the production phase, it often receives

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Farzaneh, Mandana, Iman Raeesi Vanani, and Babak Sohrabi. "A survey study of influential factors in the implementation of enterprise resource planning systems." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 9, no. 1 (2013): 76+. Gale Academic OneFile (accessed January 26, 2022).

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Configuring an ERP system is largely a matter of balancing the way the organization wants the system to work, and the way the system is designed to work out of the box. ERP systems typically include many configurable settings that in effect modify system operations. For example, in the

1009:. Often, each data medium has its own mechanism for allowing collaboration. ERP provides a collaborative platform that lets employees spend more time collaborating on content rather than mastering the learning curve of communicating in various formats across distributed systems. 916:

The most fundamental advantage of ERP is that the integration of a myriad of business processes saves time and expense. Management can make decisions faster and with fewer errors. Data becomes visible across the organization. Tasks that benefit from this integration include:

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Alves, Maria do Ceu, and Sergio Ivo Amaral Matos. "ERP adoption by public and private organizations--a comparative analysis of successful implementations." Journal of Business Economics and Management 14, no. 3 (2013): 500. Gale Academic OneFile (accessed January 26, 2022).

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Developers now make more effort to integrate mobile devices with the ERP system. ERP vendors are extending ERP to these devices, along with other business applications, so that businesses don't have to rely on third-party applications. As an example, the e-commerce platform

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Often, data migration is incomplete because some of the data in the existing system is either incompatible or not needed in the new system. As such, the existing system may need to be kept as an archived database to refer back to once the new ERP system is in place.

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Tsai, Bi-Huei, and Shin-Bin Chou. “APPLICATION OF MULTIPLE OUTPUT DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS IN INTERPRETING EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT OF ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING IN INTEGRATED CIRCUIT FIRMS.” The Journal of Developing Areas, vol. 49, no. 1, College of Business,

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Subramanian, Girish H., and Christopher S. Hoffer. "An exploratory case study of enterprise resource planning implementation." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 1, no. 1 (2005): 23+. Gale Academic OneFile (accessed January 26, 2022).

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and highly customized ERP suites, in which all parts are heavily reliant on each other, should sooner or later be replaced by a mixture of both cloud-based and on-premises applications, which are more loosely coupled and can be easily exchanged if needed.

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and an integrated office automation system for government bodies. The software structure, modularization, core algorithms and main interfaces do not differ from other ERPs, and ERP software suppliers manage to adapt their systems to government agencies.

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Muscatello, Joseph R., and Injazz J. Chen. "Enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations: theory and practice." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 4, no. 1 (2008): 63+. Gale Academic OneFile (accessed January 26, 2022).

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Morris, Michael G., and Viswanath Venkatesh. “Job Characteristics and Job Satisfaction: Understanding the Role of Enterprise Resource Planning System Implementation.” MIS Quarterly, vol. 34, no. 1, Management Information Systems Research Center,

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McGaughey, Ronald E., and Angappa Gunasekaran. "Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): past, present and future." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 3, no. 3 (2007): 23+. Gale Academic OneFile (accessed January 26, 2022).

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The effect of configuration changes on system behavior and performance is predictable and is the responsibility of the ERP vendor. The effect of customization is less predictable. It is the customer's responsibility, and increases testing

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Wenrich, Kristi I., and Norita Ahmad. "Lessons learned during a decade of ERP experience: a case study." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 5, no. 1 (2009): 55+. Gale Academic OneFile (accessed January 26, 2022).

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Riposo, Jessie, Guy Weichenberg, Chelsea Kaihoi Duran, Bernard Fox, William Shelton, and Andreas Thorsen. “Organizational Change Management.” In Improving Air Force Enterprise Resource Planning-Enabled Business Transformation, 23–28.

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Meiryani, Erick Fernando, Setiani Putri Hendratno, Kriswanto, and Septi Wifasari. 2021. Enterprise Resource Planning Systems: The Business Backbone. 2021 The 5th International Conference on E-Commerce, E-Business and E-Government.

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Aronin, B. S., Bailey, J. W., Byun, J. S., Davis, G. A., Wolfe, C. L., Frazier, T. P., & Bronson, P. F. (2018). ERP Systems in the DoD. In Global Combat Support System – Marine Corps: Root Cause Analysis (pp. 7–18).

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ERP creates a more agile company that adapts better to change. It also makes a company more flexible and less rigidly structured so organization components operate more cohesively, enhancing the business—internally and

623:– ERP systems have connectivity (communications to plant floor equipment) as part of their product offering. This requires that the vendors offer specific support for the plant floor equipment their customers operate. 132:

and facilitates error-free transactions and production, thereby enhancing the organization's efficiency. However, developing an ERP system differs from traditional system development. ERP systems run on a variety of

638:– These devices communicate directly with plant floor equipment and with the ERP system via methods supported by the ERP system. EATM can employ a staging table, web services, or system–specific program interfaces ( 4288:

Sutduean, J., Singsa, A., Sriyakul, T., and Jermsittiparsert, K., “Supply Chain Integration, Enterprise Resource Planning, and Organizational Performance: The Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation Approach”,

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Customization can be problematic. Compared to the best-of-breed approach, ERP can be seen as meeting an organization's lowest common denominator needs, forcing the organization to find workarounds to meet unique

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The application of critical success factors can prevent organizations from making costly mistakes, and the effective usage of CSFs can ensure project success and reduce failures during project implementations.

234:. It describes web–based software that provides real–time access to ERP systems to employees and partners (such as suppliers and customers). The ERP II role expands traditional ERP resource optimization and 1873:

Shafqat Ali Shad; Chen, Enhong; Faisal Malik Faisal Azeem (2012). "Enterprise Resource Planning - Real blessing or a Blessing in Disguise : An Exploration of the Contextual Factors in Public Sector".

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Odell, Laura A.; Farrar-Foley, Brendan T.; Kinkel, John R.; Moorthy, Rama S. (1 February 2012). "Beyond Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP):: The Next Generation Enterprise Resource Planning Environment".

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586:. This means the software reflects the vendor's interpretation of the most effective way to perform each business process. Systems vary in how conveniently the customer can modify these practices. 793:

Customization is always optional, whereas the software must always be configured before use (e.g., setting up cost/profit center structures, organizational trees, purchase approval rules, etc.).

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Stephenson, Stephen V., and Andrew P. Sage. "Information and knowledge perspectives in systems engineering and management for innovation and productivity through enterprise resource planning."

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processes. For example, a company may define that the core ERP solution should cover those business processes that must stay behind the firewall, and therefore, choose to leave their core ERP

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Total Cost of Ownership, System Acceptance and Perceived Success of Enterprise Resource Planning Software: Simulating a Dynamic Feedback Perspective of ERP in the Higher Education Environment

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inventory system. This reduces inventory storage and increases delivery efficiency, and requires up-to-date data. Before 2014, Walmart used a system called Inforem developed by

83:. Cloud-based applications have grown in recent years due to the increased efficiencies arising from information being readily available from any location with Internet access. 605:. This is because the procedure can be readily codified within the ERP software and replicated with confidence across multiple businesses that share that business requirement. 3011:

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Installation of the system with elaborate application/data integration by the Information Technology (IT) department, provided the implementation is not done in small steps

125:, the global ERP market size is estimated at $ 35 billion in 2021. Though early ERP systems focused on large enterprises, smaller enterprises increasingly use ERP systems. 4671:

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Wingreen, Maryam and Hritik (2014) "An Investigation into Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation Success: Evidence from Private and Public Sector Organizations",

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Provides a comprehensive enterprise view (no "islands of information"), making real–time information available to management anywhere, anytime to make proper decisions

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Tsai, W.-H., Lee, K.-C., Liu, J.-Y., Lin, S.-J., and Chou, Y.-W., “The influence of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems' performance on earnings management”,

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1209: 1104:. At the same time, another company may decide to host the core ERP solution in the cloud and move only a few ERP modules as supplementary solutions to on-premises. 4879: 742:

distribution, production or sales centers, and service providers to support the main company's customers. Each independent center (or) subsidiary may have its own

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Sebayang, P., Tarigan, Z. J. H., and Panjaitan, T. W. S., “ERP compatibility on business performance through the inventory system and internal integration”, in

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Yunliang, Jiang; Xiongtao, Zhang; Qing, Shen; Jing, Fan; Ning, Zheng (2010). "Design of E-Government Information Management Platform Based on SOA Framework".

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Elsayed, N., Ammar, S., and Mardini, G. H., “The impact of ERP utilisation experience and segmental reporting on corporate performance in the UK context”,

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Technical stakes of modern ERP concern integration—hardware, applications, networking, supply chains. ERP now covers more functions and roles—including

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Alfaris, M. F., Edikuncoro, G. Y., Savitri, A. L., Yogiari, D., and Sulistio, J., “A Literature Review of Sustain Enterprise Resource Planning”, in

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Ranganathan, C., and Carol V. Brown. “ERP Investments and the Market Value of Firms: Toward an Understanding of Influential ERP Project Variables.”

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3304: 173:. Without replacing these terms, ERP came to represent a larger whole that reflected the evolution of application integration beyond manufacturing. 2032: 633: 3712:

Karimi, Jahangir, Toni M. Somers, and Anol Bhattacherjee. “The Impact of ERP Implementation on Business Process Outcomes: A Factor-Based Study.”

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Not all ERP packages are developed from a manufacturing core; ERP vendors variously began assembling their packages with finance-and-accounting,

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technologies. The large proportion of companies are pursuing a strong managerial targets in ERP system instead of acquire an ERP company.

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Yusuf, Y., A. Gunasekaran, and M. Abthorpe, "Enterprise Information Systems Project Implementation: A Case Study of ERP in Rolls-Royce,"

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in 2013, when it first appeared in the paper series "Predicts 2014". According to Gartner's definition of the postmodern ERP strategy,

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An ERP system covers the following common functional areas. In many ERP systems, these are called and grouped together as ERP modules:

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Potential for quicker, less costly ERP implementations at subsidiaries, based on selecting software more suited to smaller companies

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T. Yang, J. Choi, Z. Xi, Y. Sun, C. Ouyang and Y. Huang, "Research of Enterprise Resource Planning in a Specific Enterprise," 2006

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Harmonization of ERP systems can be a mammoth task (especially for big companies) and requires a lot of time, planning, and money.

719:. While this has happened, losses in one area are often offset by gains in other areas, increasing overall competitive advantage. 114:, etc.) that provide the data. ERP facilitates information flow between all business functions and manages connections to outside 4969: 4959: 3983:. Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing. Vol. 133. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 1141–1148. 2849: 1624:

Ruhi, Umar (1 July 2016). "An experiential learning pedagogical framework for enterprise systems education in business schools".

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ERP systems can be extended with third-party software, often via vendor-supplied interfaces. Extensions offer features such as:

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Chang, Gable, Smythe and Timbrell (2000) "A Delphi examination of public sector ERP implementation issues" Proceedings of ICIS.

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system, 12% were at that time rolling out a system and 26% had an existing ERP system which they were extending or upgrading.

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delaying implementation to work through the necessary changes for each unit, possibly reducing integration (e.g., linking via

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Kraemmerand, P.; et al. (2003). "ERP implementation: an integrated process of radical change and continuous learning".

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ERP systems connect to real–time data and transaction data in a variety of ways. These systems are typically configured by

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can increase the ERP vendor's negotiating power, which can increase support, maintenance, and upgrade expenses.

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The software is designed to handle various configurations and behaves predictably in any allowed configuration.

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Hinder seamless interfacing/integration between suppliers and customers due to the differences between systems

2341:"A planning and management infrastructure for large, complex, distributed projects — beyond ERP and SCM" 1360: 668:

Besides that, information processing influences various business functions e.g. some large corporations like

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Create overreliance on customization, undermining the principles of ERP as a standardizing software platform

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Overcoming resistance to sharing sensitive information between departments can divert management attention.

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(2015). 1905:10.1145/2757401.2757405 1733:10.1145/2501654.2501669 1493:10.1023/A:1026595923192 960:Eliminates the need to 937:Revenue tracking, from 846:product data management 474:Supply chain management 361:financial consolidation 240:supply chain management 4975:Management cybernetics 4659:Cite journal requires 4607:Cite journal requires 4555:Cite journal requires 4503:Cite journal requires 4451:Cite journal requires 4299:10.1166/jctn.2019.8204 3496:10.7249/j.ctt5hhvgh.13 3289:Cite journal requires 3134:MCIS 2010 Proceedings. 3064:ERP from the Frontline 2259:Turban et al. (2008). 2144:Turban et al. (2008). 923:inventory optimization 710:master data management 378:activity based costing 236:transaction processing 147:information repository 79:can be local-based or 37: 4840:10.1145/332051.332063 4830:10.1145/332051.332073 2548:Bradford, M. (2015). 2518:Fryling, Meg (2010). 2348:Computers in Industry 1773:10.1109/ICNDC.2010.42 1721:ACM Computing Surveys 1538:. projectauditors.com 976:product naming/coding 974:Facilitates standard 717:competitive advantage 496:(receiving, putaway, 366:Management accounting 248:business intelligence 169:(MRP II), as well as 165:(MRP), and the later 35: 4950:Financial management 4890:Computer occupations 4861:at Wikimedia Commons 3944:. pp. 331–337. 3641:. Epub 2009 Sep 10. 3246:Taylor & Francis 3040:Head, Simon (2005). 2868:Logistics Management 1767:. pp. 165–169. 1570:on 12 September 2012 941:through cash receipt 627:Database integration 554:electronic signature 492:, claim processing, 478:product configurator 412:diversity management 337:Financial accounting 301:An integrated system 4930:Production planning 4915:Automation software 4792:2019JPhCS1333g2009K 4767:2012EntIS...6..491T 4691:2021JPhCS1836a2032S 4636:2006cs........7129Z 4584:2016arXiv160601431N 4532:2017arXiv170108329E 4480:2019arXiv190605220G 4428:2019arXiv191111309Z 4307:2019JCTN...16.2975S 4283:2021EntIS..15...61E 4073:2018JCPro.190..778C 3542:10.7312/lied16356.9 2681:Meer, K.H. (2005). 2470:2010EntIS...4..391F 2250:, July–August 1998. 1985:. MetricStream, Inc 1212:. Blogs.gartner.com 893:Freeze the toolset. 684:Process preparation 615:systems integrators 542:Contract Management 442:workflow management 320:, cloud hosted, or 252:electronic business 207:functions, such as 100:production capacity 3858:Internet of Things 3731:, vol. 17, no. 2, 3697:, vol. 36, no. 5, 3439:. pp. 30–36. 2662:on 30 October 2007 2501:Educause Quarterly 2316:, 93(5), 35-40, 1. 2043:on January 3, 2013 1407:. pp. 494–500 1334:Anderegg, Travis. 752:business processes 621:Direct integration 508:Project management 454:Order processing: 49:business processes 38: 4935:Business planning 4857:Media related to 4163:978-3-642-37021-2 4144:978-3-642-27711-5 4125:978-1-4020-0612-8 3998:978-3-642-27552-4 3959:978-0-12-813196-1 3255:978-1-42-004906-0 3232:978-0-521-81902-2 3213:978-3-64-231573-2 3194:978-0-52-179152-6 3171:978-0-471-93450-9 3152:978-2-04-019820-6 3107:(17): 3433–3455. 3091:978-2-212-54094-9 3072:978-1-898822-05-9 3055:978-0-19-517983-5 2936:. 27 January 2020 2826:. The EvoLLLution 2624:Leon, A. (2008). 2529:978-1-109-74428-6 2314:Strategic Finance 2269:978-0-471-78712-9 2154:978-0-471-78712-9 1964:978-3-642-24605-0 1782:978-1-4244-8382-2 1700:. 14 October 2021 1465:978-1-4239-0179-2 1439:978-1-59140-262-6 430:bill of materials 355:and collections, 190:year 2000 problem 135:computer hardware 16:(Redirected from 4982: 4940:Business process 4856: 4668: 4662: 4657: 4655: 4647: 4629: 4616: 4610: 4605: 4603: 4595: 4577: 4564: 4558: 4553: 4551: 4543: 4525: 4512: 4506: 4501: 4499: 4491: 4473: 4460: 4454: 4449: 4447: 4439: 4421: 4181: 4175: 4167: 4148: 4129: 4100: 4049: 4016: 4010: 4002: 3971: 3930: 3889: 3581:Int J Med Inform 3558:10.2307/20721418 3488:RAND Corporation 3470:Allan O’Connor, 3466: 3425: 3404: 3381: 3356: 3325: 3298: 3292: 3287: 3285: 3277: 3259: 3236: 3217: 3198: 3175: 3156: 3137: 3124: 3095: 3059: 3036: 3007: 3005: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2882: 2871: 2860: 2854: 2853: 2852:on 27 July 2012. 2842: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2819: 2813: 2812: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2651: 2642: 2641: 2621: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2579: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2545: 2534: 2533: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2496: 2490: 2489: 2453: 2444: 2443: 2415: 2409: 2408: 2380: 2374: 2373: 2363: 2345: 2336: 2330: 2323: 2317: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2257: 2251: 2244: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2227: 2220: 2207: 2201: 2194: 2188: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2162: 2156: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2093: 2087: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2059: 2053: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2029: 2020: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2004: 1995: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1975: 1969: 1968: 1942: 1936: 1933: 1927: 1926: 1892: 1886: 1885: 1883: 1870: 1864: 1857: 1851: 1850: 1840: 1820: 1814: 1811: 1805: 1801: 1795: 1794: 1760: 1754: 1751: 1745: 1744: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1690: 1681: 1680: 1648: 1642: 1641: 1621: 1615: 1614: 1586: 1580: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1569: 1562: 1554: 1548: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1532: 1526: 1525: 1523: 1521: 1511: 1505: 1504: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1449: 1443: 1442: 1423: 1417: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1394: 1388: 1387: 1379: 1373: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1359:. Archived from 1353: 1347: 1346: 1344: 1342: 1331: 1325: 1322: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1300: 1294: 1291: 1285: 1284: 1264: 1258: 1254: 1248: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1231:Louis Columbus. 1228: 1222: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1205: 1199: 1198: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1147: 328:Functional areas 215:systems such as 203:and the public. 90:maintained by a 55:and mediated by 21: 4990: 4989: 4985: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4920:Business models 4865: 4864: 4849: 4844: 4658: 4648: 4619: 4606: 4596: 4567: 4554: 4544: 4515: 4502: 4492: 4463: 4450: 4440: 4411: 4168: 4164: 4151: 4145: 4132: 4126: 4103: 4052: 4019: 4003: 3999: 3974: 3960: 3933: 3892: 3851: 3455: 3428: 3407: 3384: 3359: 3328: 3301: 3288: 3278: 3262: 3256: 3248:. p. 424. 3239: 3233: 3220: 3214: 3201: 3195: 3187:. p. 232. 3178: 3172: 3159: 3153: 3140: 3127: 3098: 3092: 3079: 3075:Making ERP Work 3062:Henderson, Ian 3056: 3039: 3010: 2983: 2979: 2974: 2964: 2962: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2939: 2937: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2913: 2911: 2910:. Gartner Group 2906: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2888:. Gartner Group 2884: 2883: 2874: 2861: 2857: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2829: 2827: 2821: 2820: 2816: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2764: 2763: 2759: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2734: 2732: 2725:CXO Media, Inc. 2714: 2713: 2709: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2665: 2663: 2653: 2652: 2645: 2638: 2627:ERP Demystified 2623: 2622: 2613: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2547: 2546: 2537: 2530: 2522:. p. 403. 2517: 2516: 2512: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2455: 2454: 2447: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2361:10.1.1.474.6993 2343: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2324: 2320: 2311: 2307: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2278: 2274: 2258: 2254: 2245: 2241: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2218: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2195: 2191: 2182: 2178: 2164: 2163: 2159: 2143: 2139: 2129: 2127: 2122: 2121: 2117: 2110: 2095: 2094: 2090: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2061: 2060: 2056: 2046: 2044: 2031: 2030: 2023: 2013: 2011: 2006: 2005: 1998: 1988: 1986: 1977: 1976: 1972: 1965: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1930: 1915: 1899:. p. 140. 1894: 1893: 1889: 1872: 1871: 1867: 1858: 1854: 1822: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1808: 1802: 1798: 1783: 1762: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1718: 1717: 1713: 1703: 1701: 1692: 1691: 1684: 1650: 1649: 1645: 1623: 1622: 1618: 1588: 1587: 1583: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1551: 1541: 1539: 1534: 1533: 1529: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1466: 1451: 1450: 1446: 1440: 1425: 1424: 1420: 1410: 1408: 1396: 1395: 1391: 1381: 1380: 1376: 1366: 1364: 1363:on 10 July 2011 1355: 1354: 1350: 1340: 1338: 1333: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1319: 1309: 1307: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1292: 1288: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1255: 1251: 1241: 1239: 1230: 1229: 1225: 1215: 1213: 1207: 1206: 1202: 1195: 1180: 1179: 1175: 1149: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1118: 1077: 1068: 1059: 1038:switching costs 1020: 990: 946:purchase orders 914: 874: 839: 782: 739: 725: 686: 658: 611: 580: 563: 446:quality control 432:, work orders, 424:Manufacturing: 384:Human resources 374:cost management 357:cash management 330: 295: 293:Characteristics 279:standardization 275:decision making 186: 155: 104:purchase orders 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4988: 4986: 4978: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4925:Business terms 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4867: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4848: 4847:External links 4845: 4843: 4842: 4832: 4818: 4795: 4770: 4747: 4724: 4709: 4694: 4669: 4661:|journal= 4617: 4609:|journal= 4565: 4557:|journal= 4513: 4505:|journal= 4461: 4453:|journal= 4409: 4386: 4363: 4348: 4333: 4310: 4286: 4263: 4251: 4236: 4221: 4206: 4194: 4182: 4162: 4149: 4143: 4130: 4124: 4101: 4050: 4032:(6): 446–452. 4017: 3997: 3972: 3958: 3931: 3890: 3849: 3837: 3825: 3810: 3798: 3786: 3774: 3759: 3744: 3725: 3710: 3691: 3672: 3661: 3650: 3631: 3600: 3577: 3561: 3545: 3530: 3515: 3499: 3483: 3467: 3453: 3426: 3416:(1): 149–157. 3405: 3382: 3357: 3326: 3299: 3291:|journal= 3260: 3254: 3237: 3231: 3218: 3212: 3199: 3193: 3176: 3170: 3157: 3151: 3138: 3125: 3096: 3090: 3077: 3060: 3054: 3037: 3008: 2996:(3): 131–136. 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2972: 2947: 2921: 2899: 2872: 2855: 2837: 2814: 2792: 2773:(3): 152–163. 2757: 2742: 2727:Archived from 2707: 2694:978-0595345137 2693: 2673: 2643: 2636: 2611: 2597: 2574: 2560: 2535: 2528: 2510: 2491: 2464:(4): 391–421. 2445: 2410: 2391:(4): 228–248. 2375: 2331: 2318: 2305: 2284: 2272: 2252: 2239: 2228:on 5 July 2010 2210:Daneva, Maya; 2202: 2189: 2187:, Summer 2005. 2176: 2157: 2137: 2115: 2108: 2088: 2074: 2054: 2021: 1996: 1970: 1963: 1937: 1928: 1913: 1887: 1865: 1861:PACIS 2014/339 1852: 1831:(5): 589–611. 1815: 1806: 1796: 1781: 1755: 1746: 1711: 1682: 1663:(4): 305–316. 1643: 1632:(2): 198–211. 1616: 1597:(4): 483–497. 1581: 1549: 1527: 1506: 1487:(2): 137–139. 1471: 1464: 1444: 1438: 1418: 1389: 1374: 1348: 1326: 1317: 1295: 1286: 1275:(3): 360–384. 1259: 1249: 1223: 1200: 1193: 1173: 1162:(4): 549–565. 1141: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1117: 1114: 1076: 1075:Postmodern ERP 1073: 1067: 1066:Adoption rates 1064: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1034: 1031: 1025: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1014: 1010: 999: 995: 989: 986: 985: 984: 981: 978: 972: 969: 954: 953: 942: 935: 932:Order tracking 929: 926: 913: 910: 905: 904: 901:data archiving 897: 894: 891: 888: 885: 877:Data migration 873: 872:Data migration 870: 869: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 838: 835: 834: 833: 830: 827: 824: 817: 816: 813: 806: 805: 801: 797: 794: 781: 778: 777: 776: 769: 766: 738: 735: 724: 721: 705: 704: 701: 698: 685: 682: 657: 656:Implementation 654: 610: 607: 595:Sarbanes-Oxley 584:best practices 579: 578:Best practices 576: 562: 559: 558: 557: 539: 536: 533: 530: 519: 505: 471: 452: 422: 381: 363: 341:general ledger 329: 326: 325: 324: 314: 311: 308: 305: 302: 294: 291: 185: 182: 154: 151: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4987: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4860: 4855: 4851: 4850: 4846: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4776: 4771: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4695: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4666: 4653: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4614: 4601: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4549: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4510: 4497: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4458: 4445: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4287: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4261: 4257: 4252: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4204: 4200: 4195: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4179: 4173: 4165: 4159: 4155: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4136: 4131: 4127: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4108: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4018: 4014: 4008: 4000: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3938: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3850: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3835: 3831: 3826: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3808: 3804: 3799: 3796: 3792: 3787: 3784: 3780: 3775: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3676:MIS Quarterly 3673: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3546: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3513: 3512:resrep22788.5 3509: 3505: 3500: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3454:0-7695-0001-3 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3433: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3389: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3306: 3300: 3296: 3283: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3261: 3257: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3234: 3228: 3224: 3219: 3215: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3196: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3163: 3158: 3154: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3097: 3093: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2981: 2976: 2961: 2957: 2951: 2948: 2935: 2934:Debbie Wilson 2931: 2925: 2922: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2887: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2859: 2856: 2851: 2847: 2841: 2838: 2825: 2818: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2796: 2793: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2761: 2758: 2753: 2746: 2743: 2731:on 4 May 2009 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2711: 2708: 2696: 2690: 2686: 2685: 2677: 2674: 2661: 2657: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2637:9780070656642 2633: 2629: 2628: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2600: 2598:9780804750981 2594: 2590: 2589: 2584: 2578: 2575: 2563: 2561:9781312665989 2557: 2553: 2552: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2525: 2521: 2514: 2511: 2506: 2502: 2495: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2414: 2411: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2379: 2376: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2342: 2335: 2332: 2328: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2309: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2288: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2256: 2253: 2249: 2243: 2240: 2224: 2217: 2213: 2212:Roel Wieringa 2206: 2203: 2199: 2193: 2190: 2186: 2180: 2177: 2172: 2168: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2141: 2138: 2125: 2119: 2116: 2111: 2109:9781482248425 2105: 2101: 2100: 2092: 2089: 2077: 2075:9781591407782 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