732:
anode image converter, consisting of a micro-channel plate, a wedge and strip anode, and detector amplifiers designed to produce images of sky fields in selected wavelength ranges. Three telescopes are designed to operate at right angles to the spin axis and to carry out the sky survey, with bandpass filters (tentatively) for the wavelength ranges 80 to 190 Å, 170 to 330 Å, and 500 to 750 Å. These three telescopes point perpendicular to the Earth-Sun line and sweep out a great circle in the sky with each spacecraft's revolution. As the Earth moves around the Sun, the great circle is shifted by 1° each day and so the entire celestial sphere is surveyed in 6 months. The fourth telescope points in the anti-solar direction, within the Earth's shadow cone. In this limited direction, the He II 304 Å background is almost completely absent, and thus higher sensitivity can be obtained for observing selected interesting objects. Spectroscopic observations of the brightest EUV sources are carried out with a resolving power of 100 from 80 to 800 Å.
3940:
630:
front aperture, which was an annulus divided into six segments. Each of the spectrometer channels receives a beam of light from one of three alternating segments. This division gives each channel a geometric area of 75 cm (11.6 sq in). After the mirror, each converging beam then strikes one of three gratings which focus the spectra onto three detectors, arranged in a circle around the central Deep Survey detector. The throughput of the EUVE Spectrometer was determined by the combined effects of the mirrors' and gratings' coating reflectivities, which were functions of both wavelength and grazing angle, the filter transmissions, and the quantum efficiency functions of the detector photocathode materials.
655:
uniformly spaced rulings, variable line space gratings can produce nearly stigmatic spectra using straight, conventionally ruled grooves. The gratings are blazed for use in the first inside order. "Inside" was used to mean diffracted orders at angles between the surface normal and the specular direction, and was referred to with a minus sign when represented numerically, e.g. −1st order. The gratings cover three overlapping bandpasses; short wavelengths from 70 to 190 A, medium wavelengths from 140 to 380 A, and long wavelengths from 280 to 760 Å. The groove densities range from 415 to 3550 grooves/mm. The gratings were ruled by
646:. The transmission of each collimator assembly was tested in visible light. The collimator relative transmissions were measured in the EUV by comparing the Spectrometer throughputs, measured as a function of off-axis angle, before and after installation of the collimators in the medium and long wavelength channels. Alignment to the boresight of the instrument was also determined. Both collimators functioned as designed, with peak transmissions of 64.2% and 65.4% in the medium and long wavelength channels, respectively.
97:
474:(Å). This spacecraft's objective was to carry out a full-sky survey, and subsequently, a deep survey and pointed observations. Science objectives included discovering and studying UV sources radiating in this spectral region, and analyzing effects of the interstellar medium on the radiation from these sources.The proposal for the craft originated with the Space Astrophysics Group at the University of Berkeley who had previously been involved with the EUV telescope on the Apollo element of the
723:
about 29×29 mc. This resulted in a pixel size of roughly 4.25 seconds when remapped to the sky. All the detectors were equipped with four stimpulser, or "stim" pins, which periodically excite the anode at standard positions, and are used to monitor position stability. The detectors have been placed at the sagittal intersection to produce good imaging over the whole detector, rather than optimized spectral focus at one point.
3125:
689:
would normally lie in the shorter channel's range appear in the longer wavelength channel in second order (n=−2), and are passed by the alternate filter. Wavelengths from parts of the shorter bandpass that overlap the longer channel also appear in first order. These off-axis locations are configured to be used as backups to duplicate the short and medium channels, should either of these detectors fail.
760:
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952:
911:
854:
815:
558:
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angles of the incident light to exclude some of the sky background. They consist of 15 etched molybdenum grids, spaced exponentially and held in a thermally stable claw structure, also of molybdenum. The transmission profile of the stack is triangular in the dispersion direction and limits the beam to 20
731:
This investigation is designed to perform a full-sky survey, searching for EUV sources. The instrument package contains four Wolter-Schwarzschild grazing-incidence telescopes (with EUV thin-film filters) to collect and to isolate radiation. The detector system for each telescope was a wedge and strip
638:
In order to achieve good spectral resolution, any EUV spectrometer must be designed to limit the effect of diffuse sky radiation. The medium and long wavelength channels of the EUVE Spectrometer have wire-grid collimators placed directly after the aperture before the mirror, which limit the grazing
743:
The EUVE mission was extended twice, but cost and scientific merit issues led NASA to a decision to terminate the mission in 2000. EUVE satellite operations ended on 31 January 2001 when the spacecraft was placed in a safehold. Transmitters were commanded off on 2 February 2001. EUVE re-entered in
722:
10 electrons, which then strikes the divided anode. Event positions (X, Y) are calculated by onboard instrument software (ISW) from the division of the charge cloud among the wedge, strip, and zigzag areas of the anode. The detectors record positions 0–2047 in each dimension, and a single pixel is
688:
in the medium, and aluminum in the long wavelength channel. The two longer wavelength filters have an off-axis quadrant of material which covered the same bandpass as one of the shorter channels. At these positions, which correspond to off-axis angles of approximately 0.5°, some wavelengths that
629:
images are accumulated simultaneously in three bandpasses with effective spectral resolutions of 200–400 in 3 bandpasses from 70 to 760 Å. The
Spectrometer and Deep Survey instruments share the DS/S mirror. The regions of the mirror devoted to the spectrometer and Deep Survey were defined at the
481:
The full-sky survey was accomplished by three Wolter-Schwarzschild grazing-incidence telescopes. During the sky survey, the satellite was spun three times per orbit to image a 2° wide band of sky in each of four EUV passbands. The deep survey was accomplished with a fourth Wolter-Schwarzschild
654:
The EUVE Spectrometer incorporated plane diffraction gratings with continuously varying line spacing, placed in the converging beam of the telescope to diffract the light as it approached the focus. Like concave gratings, they obviate the use of other focusing optics after dispersion. Unlike
469:
The
Extreme-Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) was a spinning spacecraft designed to rotate about the Earth/Sun line. EUVE was a part of NASA's Explorer spacecraft series and designed to operate in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) range of the spectrum, from 70 to 760
671:
Thin film filters, a few thousand Å thick, completely covered each detector. They define broad bandpasses while screening out bright geocoronal and interplanetary lines such as Lyman alpha radiation and some higher orders of diffraction. The materials were
3986:
709:
MCPs with a channel length-to-diameter ratio of approximately 80:1. The stack acts as an electron multiplier, and is backed by a conducting anode, partitioned into a graduated "wedge, strip, and zigzag" pattern. The top plate has an applied
2042:
1540:
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in energy), the EUVE was the first satellite mission especially for the short-wave ultraviolet range. The satellite compiled an all-sky survey of 801 astronomical targets before being decommissioned on 31 January 2001.
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2007:
3971:
3981:
1932:
659:
at the Naka
Optical Works in Japan. The short wavelength grating is coated with rhodium to optimize the reflectivity between 70 and 190 Å. The medium and long wavelength gratings have
4404:
3961:
3728:
3703:
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2695:
2671:
417:
748:
over central Egypt at approximately 04:15 UTC on 31 January 2002. The mission is considered a success since it accomplished its scientific, technological, and outreach goals.
718:(KBr), to enhanced the photoelectric response at EUV wavelengths. When a photon excited the front surface, a bias of 4–5 kV causes cascading electrons to form a cloud of 2–3
4052:
2012:
2159:
4926:
3924:
3781:
1888:
705:-amplification devices that provided two-dimensional imaging and time-tagging of individual EUV photon events. Each detector employs a biased stack of three porous
592:
1 Wolter-Schwarzschild Type II grazing incidence mirror, with an imaging Micro-Channel Plate (MCP detector) FoV ~4° diameter; two passbands 520–750 Å and 400–600 Å;
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3939:
1067:
4936:
4921:
3976:
3161:
1982:
3876:
2528:
1604:
1596:
3910:
2079:
1705:
1302:
4916:
4045:
3890:
3718:
3605:
2814:
2320:
1628:
625:
The EUVE Spectrometer was a three-fold symmetric slitless objective design based on variable line space grazing incidence reflection gratings.
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3648:
3620:
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1411:
1350:
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3615:
2783:
1909:
3641:
2560:
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1184:
3773:
3525:
3179:
2480:
2208:
1896:
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1427:
1326:
246:
1379:
4038:
3738:
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1776:
1060:
1010:
880:
40:
4889:
are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
1947:
1620:
546:
250:
3795:
3655:
3535:
3154:
3004:
2488:
2448:
1997:
1977:
1962:
1800:
1681:
1532:
1516:
1484:
3837:
3822:
3745:
3708:
3627:
2889:
2552:
2432:
1697:
1572:
1564:
1459:
1342:
1246:
1230:
3827:
3766:
3598:
3530:
3105:
2994:
2232:
2191:
2180:
1689:
1665:
1500:
4503:
3917:
3903:
3723:
3049:
3039:
3034:
2897:
1952:
1053:
4884:
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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3565:
3495:
3470:
3085:
2967:
2955:
2711:
2703:
2687:
1673:
578:
574:
4462:
4906:
3570:
3147:
2873:
2857:
2586:
2576:
2544:
2472:
2392:
2256:
2175:
1419:
1318:
1160:
800:
643:
411:
225:
482:
grazing-incidence telescope, within a 2 × 180° region of sky. This telescope was also used for three-EUV bandpass
4911:
3560:
3128:
3059:
3009:
1492:
1139:
508:
182:
3670:
3090:
3029:
1028:
640:
260:
105:
84:
4707:
2735:
2631:
2623:
2017:
1123:
969:
937:
4645:
4529:
3695:
2978:
2496:
2151:
1987:
1880:
1580:
1286:
839:
90:
2037:
2027:
1967:
1588:
1363:
445:
67:
2751:
1922:
448:. EUVE was a part of NASA's Explorer spacecraft series. Launched on 7 June 1992. With instruments for
4810:
4784:
4662:
4562:
4453:
4366:
4230:
3110:
2999:
2416:
2400:
2143:
4733:
4269:
4139:
4570:
4566:
4423:
4254:
4077:
4066:
4062:
2961:
2940:
2913:
2655:
2200:
2047:
1824:
1476:
1254:
778:
745:
606:
526:
490:
365:
4805:
4524:
4185:
4165:
519:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4833:
4759:
4754:
4728:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4654:
4624:
4547:
4492:
4487:
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4479:
4467:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4394:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4307:
4274:
4245:
4235:
4225:
4190:
4155:
4122:
4118:
4114:
3871:
3859:
3610:
3044:
2921:
2905:
2743:
2408:
2002:
1942:
1784:
1403:
1395:
1294:
1152:
765:
735:
The full-sky survey was completed in August 1993 by which time 801 UV sources had been observed.
698:
4749:
4250:
3677:
549:(MMS). The MMS was 3-axis stabilized, with a stellar reference control system and solar arrays.
4612:
4582:
4723:
4717:
4703:
4649:
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570:
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To determine whether it would be beneficial to create another, more sensitive EUV telescope.
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1957:
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988:
956:
915:
858:
819:
673:
582:
169:
896:
1992:
1816:
1034:
711:
596:
530:
489:
The goals of the mission included several different areas of observation using the
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457:
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1435:
1334:
1176:
515:
449:
3255:
3245:
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3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
2775:
2087:
1927:
1644:
755:
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4297:
4169:
3450:
2440:
1848:
1556:
1371:
1262:
681:
453:
4021:
Symbol indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned
1003:
Discovering the Cosmos with Small
Spacecraft The American Explorer Program
873:
Discovering the Cosmos with Small
Spacecraft The American Explorer Program
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2504:
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1972:
1872:
1864:
1768:
1713:
1524:
1387:
1213:
1205:
702:
660:
501:
235:
4458:
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2881:
2719:
2368:
2328:
2224:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2095:
1808:
1792:
1760:
656:
39:
4843:
4816:
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4698:
4618:
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4409:
4372:
4291:
4240:
4208:
4160:
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2187:
2167:
2022:
1737:
1636:
1612:
1451:
1278:
1238:
1115:
706:
685:
626:
3139:
595:
1 Wolter-Schwarzschild Type II grazing incidence mirror Deep Survey/
122:
17:
1045:
4507:
3864:
3854:
3733:
3713:
3325:
3275:
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3019:
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1221:
677:
556:
355:
345:
1039:
987:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
955:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
914:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
857:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
818:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3684:
3064:
3014:
2972:
2945:
2865:
2456:
1856:
1548:
609:
and MCP detector: SW (70–190 Å), MW (140–380 Å), LW (280–760 Å).
441:
201:
77:
4034:
3143:
1049:
557:
599:
Telescope. The light is split, with half of the light fed to:
486:
of individual sources, providing ~ 1–2 Å resolution spectra.
561:
The
Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer spacecraft prior to launch
497:
To make an all-sky survey in the extreme ultraviolet band;
500:
To make a deep survey in the EUV range on two separate
605:
Three spectrometers which are each combinations of a
418:
Solar
Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer
4798:
4742:
4638:
4591:
4517:
4387:
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4283:
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4085:
3954:
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1908:
1753:
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1471:
1362:
1196:
1151:
1090:
1083:
388:
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129:
117:
104:
83:
73:
63:
49:
3806:
970:"Experiment: Extreme Ultraviolet Full-Sky Survey"
938:"Experiment: Extreme Ultraviolet Deep-Sky Survey"
511:observations of targets found by other missions;
3810:
452:(UV) radiation between wavelengths of 7 and 76
3814:
3585:
1031:(links to science highlights and publications)
4046:
3155:
1061:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
8:
795:
793:
32:
545:The science instruments were attached to a
4053:
4039:
4031:
3951:
3190:
3162:
3148:
3140:
1087:
1068:
1054:
1046:
801:"Trajectory: EUVE (Explorer 67) 1992-031A"
95:
31:
834:
832:
830:
828:
602:An imaging deep survey MCP detector, and
4927:Spacecraft launched by Delta II rockets
840:"Display: EUVE (Explorer 67) 1992-031A"
789:
1042:(has stellar map of EUVE observations)
261:McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company
174:Multi-mission Modular Spacecraft (MMS)
27:NASA satellite of the Explorer program
1005:. Springer Praxis. pp. 171–172.
875:. Springer Praxis. pp. 168–169.
7:
727:Extreme Ultraviolet Full-Sky Survey
701:(MCP) detectors. MCP detectors are
621:Extreme Ultraviolet Deep-Sky Survey
585:~5° diameter; two passbands 44–220
581:(MCP detector) (Scanner A & B)
514:To observe EUV sources such as hot
396:Extreme Ultraviolet Full-Sky Survey
394:Extreme Ultraviolet Deep-Sky Survey
4937:Spacecraft which reentered in 2002
4922:Satellites formerly orbiting Earth
3180:List of Explorers Program missions
565:NASA described these instruments:
25:
4006:indicates active current missions
3096:List of proposed space telescopes
1777:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
3938:
3124:
3123:
982:
950:
909:
852:
813:
758:
547:Multi-mission Modular Spacecraft
525:To study the composition of the
38:
4018:indicate missions yet to launch
1998:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
1029:EUVE page at Space Sciences Lab
4917:Extreme ultraviolet telescopes
1040:EUVE page at NASA-STScI (MAST)
634:Collimators and Sky Background
107:
1:
3106:List of heliophysics missions
693:Micro-Channel Plate Detectors
192:3,275 kg (7,220 lb)
4012:indicates cancelled missions
697:All the EUVE detectors were
650:Variable Line Space Gratings
493:(EUV) range of frequencies:
430:Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer
164:Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer
33:Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer
4932:Spacecraft launched in 1992
3086:Great Observatories program
456:(equivalent to 0.016–0.163
4953:
2577:Orbiting Solar Observatory
579:imaging microchannel plate
420:(Explorer 68) →
412:Cosmic Background Explorer
4882:
3999:
3936:
3177:
3129:Category:Space telescopes
3119:
899:. NASA. 24 September 2020
680:in the short wavelength,
400:
393:
384:
360:527 km (327 mi)
350:515 km (320 mi)
315:
311:
278:
274:
211:
207:
183:Space Sciences Laboratory
143:
139:
59:
37:
3091:List of space telescopes
972:. NASA. 28 October 2021
940:. NASA. 28 October 2021
842:. NASA. 28 October 2021
803:. NASA. 28 October 2021
2417:HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.)
1035:EUVE page at NASA GSFC
1001:Harvey, Brian (2018).
897:"The EUVE Observatory"
871:Harvey, Brian (2018).
562:
224:7 June 1992, 16:40:00
2038:Space Solar Telescope
577:mirror, each with an
560:
446:ultraviolet astronomy
325:Reference system
148:Spacecraft properties
123:ssl.berkeley.edu/euve
68:Ultraviolet astronomy
4069:Orbital launches in
3111:List of planetariums
2008:NRO donation to NASA
667:Spectrometer Filters
571:Wolter-Schwarzschild
444:space telescope for
135:8.5 years (achieved)
2807:(Mission completed)
1092:Radio and Microwave
779:1992 in spaceflight
746:atmosphere of Earth
553:Payload instruments
527:interstellar medium
491:extreme ultraviolet
34:
3356:25 (Injun 4, IE-B)
2744:Suzaku (Astro-EII)
2569:OAO-3 (Copernicus)
2553:Mikhailo Lomonosov
2401:Hinotori (Astro-A)
2003:New Worlds Mission
766:Spaceflight portal
699:microchannel plate
663:surface coatings.
563:
320:Orbital parameters
133:6 months (planned)
4907:Explorers Program
4894:
4893:
4028:
4027:
3995:
3994:
3934:
3933:
3441:42 (Uhuru, SAS-A)
3171:Explorers Program
3137:
3136:
3035:SIM & SIMlite
2409:Hisaki (SPRINT-A)
2369:Hakucho (CORSA-b)
1923:Astro-1 Telescope
1749:
1748:
739:Atmospheric entry
716:potassium bromide
575:grazing incidence
426:
425:
16:(Redirected from
4944:
4912:Space telescopes
4659:DFS-Kopernikus 3
4074:
4073:
4072:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4032:
4011:
4005:
3952:
3942:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3867:
3845:
3816:
3812:
3808:
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3637:
3630:
3623:
3601:
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3191:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3141:
3127:
3126:
2926:
2922:Hitomi (Astro-H)
2918:
2910:
2902:
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2878:
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2405:
2397:
2389:
2381:
2373:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2341:
2333:
2325:
2317:
2309:
2301:
2293:
2285:
2277:
2269:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2100:
2092:
2084:
2076:
2068:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1877:
1869:
1861:
1853:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1742:
1734:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1686:
1678:
1670:
1659:or unclassified)
1649:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1617:
1609:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1561:
1553:
1545:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1497:
1489:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1404:Hinode (Solar-B)
1400:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1355:
1347:
1339:
1331:
1323:
1315:
1307:
1299:
1295:Hinode (Solar-B)
1291:
1283:
1275:
1267:
1259:
1251:
1243:
1235:
1227:
1218:
1210:
1189:
1181:
1173:
1165:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1104:
1088:
1077:Space telescopes
1070:
1063:
1056:
1047:
1017:
1016:
998:
992:
986:
985:
981:
979:
977:
966:
960:
954:
953:
949:
947:
945:
934:
919:
913:
912:
908:
906:
904:
893:
887:
886:
868:
862:
856:
855:
851:
849:
847:
836:
823:
817:
816:
812:
810:
808:
797:
774:Explorer program
768:
763:
762:
761:
721:
404:Explorer program
346:Perigee altitude
329:Geocentric orbit
216:Start of mission
130:Mission duration
125:
109:
100:
99:
93:
42:
35:
21:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4878:
4811:Molniya-3 No.56
4794:
4785:Gorizont No.38L
4738:
4663:Molniya-3 No.50
4634:
4587:
4563:Resurs-F1 No.54
4513:
4454:Gorizont No.37L
4383:
4367:Resurs-F1 No.55
4312:
4279:
4231:Gorizont No.36L
4214:
4174:
4127:
4081:
4080:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4059:
4029:
4024:
4009:
4003:
3991:
3943:
3930:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3865:
3843:
3801:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3690:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3599:
3580:
3182:
3173:
3168:
3138:
3133:
3115:
3101:X-ray telescope
3074:
2956:Constellation-X
2929:
2924:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2830:
2825:
2817:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2794:
2792:Yokoh (Solar-A)
2786:
2778:
2770:
2762:
2760:Tenma (Astro-B)
2754:
2746:
2738:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2547:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2521:LISA Pathfinder
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2377:HALCA (MUSES-B)
2371:
2363:
2355:
2353:Ginga (Astro-C)
2347:
2339:
2331:
2323:
2315:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2259:
2251:
2243:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2203:
2195:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2114:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2072:Akari (Astro-F)
2066:
2052:
1904:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1875:
1867:
1859:
1851:
1843:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1745:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1676:
1668:
1658:
1657:Other (particle
1652:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1543:
1535:
1527:
1519:
1511:
1503:
1495:
1487:
1467:
1462:
1454:
1446:
1438:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1374:
1358:
1353:
1345:
1337:
1329:
1321:
1313:
1305:
1297:
1289:
1281:
1273:
1265:
1257:
1249:
1241:
1233:
1225:
1216:
1208:
1192:
1187:
1179:
1171:
1163:
1147:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1118:
1110:
1102:
1079:
1074:
1025:
1020:
1013:
1000:
999:
995:
983:
975:
973:
968:
967:
963:
951:
943:
941:
936:
935:
922:
910:
902:
900:
895:
894:
890:
883:
870:
869:
865:
853:
845:
843:
838:
837:
826:
814:
806:
804:
799:
798:
791:
787:
764:
759:
757:
754:
741:
729:
719:
695:
669:
652:
636:
623:
618:
555:
543:
467:
422:
421:
415:
407:
395:
356:Apogee altitude
339:Low Earth orbit
307:31 January 2002
299:2 February 2001
291:31 January 2001
267:Entered service
161:Spacecraft type
134:
121:
94:
89:
54:
45:
44:EUVE spacecraft
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4950:
4948:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4899:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4887:Crewed flights
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4813:
4808:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4734:Ekran-M No.15L
4731:
4726:
4721:
4711:
4695:
4690:
4665:
4660:
4657:
4652:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4615:
4606:
4601:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4573:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4535:TOPEX/Poseidon
4532:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4495:
4490:
4477:
4470:
4465:
4456:
4451:
4426:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4270:Resurs-F2 No.8
4267:
4262:
4257:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4076:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4035:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3958:
3956:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3869:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3819:
3817:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3636:85–89 (THEMIS)
3632:
3625:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3491:52 (Hawkeye 1)
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3451:44 (Solrad 10)
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3197:
3195:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2919:
2911:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2879:
2871:
2863:
2855:
2847:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2820:
2811:
2809:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2669:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2438:
2430:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2233:Compton (CGRO)
2230:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2165:
2160:ASCA (Astro-D)
2157:
2149:
2141:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2085:
2077:
2069:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1958:Hypertelescope
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1938:Fresnel Imager
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1870:
1862:
1854:
1846:
1838:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1774:
1766:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1662:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1594:
1586:
1581:Max Valier Sat
1578:
1570:
1562:
1554:
1546:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1517:HXMT (Insight)
1514:
1509:Einstein Probe
1506:
1498:
1493:Chandra (AXAF)
1490:
1481:
1479:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1377:
1368:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1348:
1340:
1332:
1324:
1316:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1236:
1228:
1224:constellation
1219:
1211:
1202:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1174:
1166:
1157:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1121:
1113:
1105:
1096:
1094:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1032:
1024:
1023:External links
1021:
1019:
1018:
1011:
993:
961:
920:
888:
881:
863:
824:
788:
786:
783:
782:
781:
776:
770:
769:
753:
750:
740:
737:
728:
725:
694:
691:
668:
665:
651:
648:
635:
632:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
612:
611:
610:
603:
593:
590:
554:
551:
542:
539:
538:
537:
534:
523:
512:
505:
498:
466:
463:
424:
423:
416:
409:
408:
401:
398:
397:
391:
390:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
372:
371:
368:
362:
361:
358:
352:
351:
348:
342:
341:
336:
332:
331:
326:
322:
321:
317:
316:
313:
312:
309:
308:
305:
301:
300:
297:
293:
292:
289:
285:
284:
283:End of mission
280:
279:
276:
275:
272:
271:
268:
264:
263:
258:
254:
253:
247:Cape Canaveral
244:
240:
239:
233:
229:
228:
222:
218:
217:
213:
212:
209:
208:
205:
204:
198:
194:
193:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
172:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
156:Explorer LXVII
154:
150:
149:
145:
144:
141:
140:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
119:
115:
114:
111:
102:
101:
87:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4949:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4888:
4881:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4819:
4818:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4714:Progress M-15
4712:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4631:
4630:Mars Observer
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4572:
4571:Pion-Germes 2
4568:
4567:Pion-Germes 1
4564:
4561:
4559:
4558:Progress M-14
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
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4424:Eutelsat-2 F4
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4379:Progress M-13
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4260:Progress M-12
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4255:Inmarsat-2 F4
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4110:Progress M-11
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3833:76 (TERRIERS)
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3416:37 (Solrad 9)
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3381:30 (Solrad 8)
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2752:Taiyo (SRATS)
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2014:
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1833:Solar-C EUVST
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1730:Solar Orbiter
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1444:Solar Orbiter
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1108:Solar Orbiter
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1014:
1012:9783319681382
1008:
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989:public domain
971:
965:
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957:public domain
939:
933:
931:
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916:public domain
898:
892:
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882:9783319681382
878:
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859:public domain
841:
835:
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820:public domain
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713:
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664:
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657:Hitachi, Inc.
649:
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594:
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552:
550:
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521:
520:coronal stars
517:
513:
510:
509:spectroscopic
506:
503:
499:
496:
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494:
492:
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485:
479:
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455:
451:
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439:
435:
431:
419:
414:(Explorer 66)
413:
410:←
406:
405:
399:
392:
387:
383:
380:94.80 minutes
379:
377:
373:
369:
367:
363:
359:
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349:
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286:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:
259:
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252:
248:
245:
241:
237:
236:Delta 6920-10
234:
230:
227:
223:
219:
214:
210:
206:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
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181:
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66:
62:
58:
52:
48:
41:
36:
30:
19:
4886:
4825:
4815:
4806:Superbird A1
4697:
4617:
4575:
4525:Molniya 1-84
4497:
4472:
4371:
4356:
4290:
4207:
4200:
4186:Molniya 1-83
4166:Superbird B1
4138:
4097:
4015:
4004:Green titles
3923:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3850:82 (CHIPSat)
3794:
3787:
3780:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3575:
3431:40 (Injun 5)
3326:S-66A (BE-A)
2977:
2960:
2804:Hibernating
2556:(2016–2019?)
2312:
2099:(1962, 1964)
1993:Nano-JASMINE
1817:NEO Surveyor
1741:(since 2006)
1733:(since 2020)
1725:(since 1995)
1717:(since 2019)
1709:(since 2017)
1701:(since 2008)
1693:(since 2015)
1685:(since 2015)
1677:(since 2011)
1669:(since 1997)
1648:(since 1999)
1640:(since 2024)
1632:(since 2023)
1624:(since 2022)
1616:(since 2012)
1608:(since 2017)
1600:(since 2018)
1592:(since 2009)
1584:(since 2017)
1576:(since 2004)
1568:(since 2024)
1560:(since 2019)
1552:(since 2021)
1544:(since 2020)
1536:(since 2008)
1528:(since 2002)
1520:(since 2017)
1512:(since 2024)
1504:(since 2015)
1496:(since 1999)
1488:(since 2015)
1463:(since 2004)
1455:(since 2006)
1447:(since 2020)
1439:(since 2008)
1431:(since 1995)
1423:(since 2010)
1415:(since 2013)
1407:(since 2006)
1399:(since 2021)
1391:(since 2015)
1383:(since 2022)
1375:(since 2023)
1354:(since 2018)
1346:(since 2004)
1338:(since 2008)
1330:(since 1995)
1322:(since 2010)
1314:(since 2001)
1306:(since 2013)
1298:(since 2006)
1290:(since 1990)
1282:(since 2005)
1274:(since 2013)
1266:(since 2021)
1258:(since 2023)
1250:(since 2015)
1242:(since 2019)
1234:(since 2021)
1226:(since 2013)
1217:(since 2015)
1209:(since 2018)
1188:(since 2009)
1180:(since 2008)
1172:(since 2001)
1164:(since 2022)
1143:(since 2024)
1135:(since 1994)
1127:(since 2018)
1119:(since 2006)
1111:(since 2020)
1103:(since 2018)
1002:
996:
974:. Retrieved
964:
942:. Retrieved
901:. Retrieved
891:
872:
866:
844:. Retrieved
805:. Retrieved
742:
734:
730:
712:photocathode
696:
670:
653:
637:
624:
597:Spectrometer
564:
544:
531:spectroscopy
516:white dwarfs
488:
484:spectroscopy
480:
476:Apollo–Soyuz
468:
437:
433:
429:
427:
402:
296:Last contact
179:Manufacturer
64:Mission type
29:
4874:Kosmos 2229
4869:Kosmos 2228
4864:Kosmos 2227
4859:Kosmos 2225
4854:Kosmos 2226
4839:Kosmos 2224
4834:Kosmos 2223
4780:Kosmos 2222
4775:Kosmos 2221
4760:Kosmos 2220
4755:Kosmos 2219
4729:Kosmos 2218
4693:Kosmos 2217
4688:Kosmos 2216
4684:Kosmos 2215
4680:Kosmos 2214
4676:Kosmos 2213
4672:Kosmos 2212
4668:Kosmos 2211
4655:Foton No.8L
4625:Kosmos 2210
4609:Hispasat 1A
4604:Kosmos 2209
4548:Kosmos 2208
4493:Kosmos 2207
4488:Kosmos 2206
4484:Kosmos 2205
4480:Kosmos 2204
4474:Soyuz TM-15
4468:Kosmos 2203
4449:Kosmos 2202
4445:Kosmos 2201
4441:Kosmos 2200
4437:Kosmos 2199
4433:Kosmos 2198
4429:Kosmos 2197
4415:Kosmos 2196
4395:Kosmos 2195
4352:Kosmos 2194
4348:Kosmos 2193
4344:Kosmos 2192
4340:Kosmos 2191
4336:Kosmos 2190
4332:Kosmos 2189
4328:Kosmos 2188
4324:Kosmos 2187
4308:Kosmos 2186
4275:Kosmos 2185
4246:Kosmos 2184
4236:Kosmos 2183
4226:Kosmos 2182
4202:Soyuz TM-14
4191:Kosmos 2181
4156:Kosmos 2180
4123:Kosmos 2179
4119:Kosmos 2178
4115:Kosmos 2177
4105:Kosmos 2176
4093:Kosmos 2175
4010:Grey titles
3838:79 (HETE-2)
3754:93 (NuSTAR)
3729:81 (RHESSI)
3704:68 (SAMPEX)
3546:61 (Magsat)
3521:56 (ISEE-1)
3411:36 (GEOS-B)
3376:29 (GEOS-A)
2917:(2014–2015)
2869:(2012–2013)
2835:Lost/Failed
2826:(1998–2010)
2818:(1998–2005)
2795:(1991–2001)
2787:(2001–2010)
2771:(1970–1973)
2763:(1983–1985)
2755:(1975–1980)
2747:(2005–2015)
2739:(2003–2020)
2731:(2011–2019)
2723:(1979–1985)
2715:(1975–1979)
2707:(1972–1973)
2699:(1992–2004)
2691:(1995–2012)
2683:(1990–1999)
2675:(2002–2018)
2667:(1983–1984)
2659:(2009–2013)
2643:(2006–2016)
2572:(1972–1981)
2564:(1968–1973)
2548:(1996–1997)
2540:(2003–2019)
2532:(2015–2017)
2524:(2015–2017)
2516:(1997–2002)
2508:(1990–2001)
2500:(2009–2018)
2492:(1996–2004)
2484:(1978–1996)
2476:(1996–1998)
2468:(1995–1996)
2444:(1989–1993)
2436:(2000–2008)
2428:(1979–1981)
2420:(1978–1982)
2412:(2013–2023)
2404:(1981–1991)
2396:(2009–2013)
2388:(1977–1979)
2380:(1997–2005)
2372:(1979–1985)
2364:(1989–1998)
2356:(1987–1991)
2348:(1990–1992)
2340:(2003–2013)
2332:(1987–2001)
2324:(1999–2007)
2316:(1992–2001)
2308:(1983–1986)
2297:Explorer 11
2268:(2017–2019)
2260:(1989–1993)
2252:(1975–1982)
2244:(2006–2013)
2236:(1991–2000)
2228:(2003–2008)
2220:(1996–2003)
2212:(1974–1976)
2204:(1983–1991)
2163:(1993–2000)
2155:(1973–1974)
2147:(2017–2019)
2139:(1979–1982)
2131:(1974–1980)
2123:(1971–1972)
2115:(1967–1969)
2091:(1962–1972)
2083:(1993–2005)
2075:(2006–2011)
2067:(2007–2024)
1364:Ultraviolet
976:27 November
944:27 November
903:27 November
846:27 November
807:27 November
616:Experiments
450:ultraviolet
438:Explorer 67
389:Instruments
366:Inclination
288:Deactivated
270:7 June 1992
243:Launch site
238:(Delta 210)
221:Launch date
189:Launch mass
53:Explorer 67
4901:Categories
4750:Resurs 500
4362:Intelsat K
4251:Telecom 2B
4170:Arabsat 1C
3734:83 (GALEX)
3714:73 (TRACE)
3678:HelioSwarm
3629:84 (Swift)
3611:78 (IMAGE)
3496:53 (SAS-C)
3481:50 (IMP-J)
3476:49 (RAE-B)
3471:48 (SAS-B)
3466:47 (IMP-H)
3456:45 (SSS-A)
3446:43 (IMP-I)
3436:41 (IMP-G)
3421:38 (RAE-A)
3406:35 (IMP-E)
3401:34 (IMP-F)
3396:33 (IMP-D)
3386:31 (DME-A)
3371:28 (IMP-C)
3361:26 (EPE-D)
3346:23 (S-55C)
3336:21 (IMP-B)
3316:18 (IMP-A)
3306:16 (S-55B)
3301:15 (EPE-C)
3296:14 (EPE-B)
3291:13 (S-55A)
3286:12 (EPE-A)
3201:Explorer 1
2776:Vanguard 3
2088:Alouette 1
1928:AstroSat-2
1645:XMM-Newton
1161:James Webb
785:References
641:arcminutes
589:140–360 Å;
541:Spacecraft
529:using EUV
502:bandpasses
478:mission.
304:Decay date
257:Contractor
153:Spacecraft
4613:Satcom C3
4592:September
4583:Satcom C4
4577:Galaxy 1R
4539:Uribyol 1
4298:Palapa B4
3955:Proposals
3948:Proposals
3828:72 (SNOE)
3775:97 (IXPE)
3761:94 (IRIS)
3747:91 (IBEX)
3724:75 (WIRE)
3719:74 (SWAS)
3709:70 (FAST)
3657:96 (ICON)
3650:95 (TESS)
3643:92 (WISE)
3616:80 (WMAP)
3606:77 (FUSE)
3594:69 (RXTE)
3576:67 (EUVE)
3571:66 (COBE)
3556:63 (DE-2)
3551:62 (DE-1)
3541:60 (SAGE)
3531:58 (HCMM)
3506:55 (AE-E)
3501:54 (AE-D)
3486:51 (AE-C)
3426:39 (AD-C)
3391:32 (AE-B)
3366:27 (BE-C)
3351:24 (AD-B)
3341:22 (BE-B)
3331:20 (IE-A)
3321:19 (AD-A)
3311:17 (AE-A)
3271:11 (S-15)
3256:9 (S-56A)
3194:1958–1992
2979:Eddington
2934:Cancelled
2441:Hipparcos
1849:Spektr-UV
1714:Mini-EUSO
1706:ISS-CREAM
1557:Spektr-RG
1477:Gamma-ray
1372:Aditya-L1
1263:Hayabusa2
1140:Queqiao 2
1084:Operating
91:1992-031A
85:COSPAR ID
4849:Optus B2
4799:December
4743:November
4724:Galaxy 7
4718:Znamya-2
4704:LAGEOS-2
4553:Optus B1
4420:INSAT-2A
4196:Galaxy 5
4132:February
3844:INTEGRAL
3740:90 (AIM)
3600:71 (ACE)
3566:65 (CCE)
3561:64 (SME)
3536:59 (ICE)
3526:57 (IUE)
3461:46 (MTS)
3236:7 (S-1A)
3187:Missions
3030:Sentinel
2728:Spektr-R
2664:RELIKT-1
2505:Kristall
2393:Herschel
2217:BeppoSAX
1973:JEM-EUSO
1968:iWF-MAXI
1910:Proposed
1873:LiteBIRD
1865:Spektr-M
1597:MinXSS-2
1525:INTEGRAL
1388:Astrosat
1214:Astrosat
1153:Infrared
752:See also
703:electron
682:aluminum
661:platinum
507:To make
472:Ångström
440:) was a
74:Operator
4827:ODERACS
4639:October
4459:Geotail
4303:SROSS-C
4140:Unnamed
4086:January
4016:Italics
3962:FINESSE
3911:SunRISE
3789:TRACERS
3664:SPHEREx
3231:6 (S-2)
3079:Related
2990:FINESSE
2968:Destiny
2951:Astro-G
2914:Tsubame
2906:Astro-E
2882:ABRIXAS
2736:Spitzer
2720:Solwind
2672:R/HESSI
2632:Orion 2
2624:Orion 1
2329:Kvant-1
2225:CHIPSat
2188:Astro-2
2168:Astro-1
2144:ASTERIA
2136:Ariel 6
2128:Ariel 5
2120:Ariel 4
2112:Ariel 3
2104:Ariel 2
2096:Ariel 1
2057:Retired
2048:THESEUS
2033:Solar-D
2028:PhoENiX
1868:(2030+)
1825:JASMINE
1793:Xuntian
1761:SPHEREx
1754:Planned
1303:NEOSSat
1198:Optical
1124:Queqiao
607:grating
573:Type I
465:Mission
118:Website
106:SATCAT
4844:USA-87
4822:USA-89
4817:STS-53
4790:USA-86
4770:USA-85
4765:MSTI-1
4699:STS-52
4646:FSW-14
4619:STS-47
4599:USA-84
4530:FSW-13
4518:August
4504:EURECA
4499:STS-46
4410:USA-83
4405:SAMPEX
4400:USA-82
4373:STS-50
4292:STS-49
4265:USA-81
4241:USA-80
4209:STS-45
4161:USA-79
4151:Fuyo 1
4146:USA-78
4099:STS-42
4078:1993 →
4063:← 1991
3987:ESCAPE
3982:EXCEDE
3872:Hitomi
3860:Suzaku
3823:HETE-1
3516:DADE-B
3511:DADE-A
3055:TAUVEX
2962:Darwin
2941:Aelita
2925:(2016)
2909:(2000)
2901:(1999)
2893:(1996)
2890:HETE-1
2885:(1999)
2877:(1965)
2861:(1976)
2853:(1970)
2845:(1966)
2779:(1959)
2696:SAMPEX
2656:Planck
2651:(2018)
2648:PicSat
2640:PAMELA
2635:(1973)
2627:(1971)
2529:MinXSS
2497:Kepler
2460:(1983)
2452:(2024)
2433:HETE-2
2425:HEAO-3
2385:HEAO-1
2361:Granat
2305:EXOSAT
2300:(1961)
2292:(2010)
2284:(2008)
2276:(1993)
2265:CXBN-2
2201:Astron
2196:(1995)
2171:(1990)
2107:(1964)
2080:ALEXIS
2023:PETREL
1983:LUVOIR
1933:EXCEDE
1900:(2035)
1892:(2035)
1889:Athena
1884:(2033)
1876:(2032)
1860:(2030)
1852:(2030)
1844:(2029)
1836:(2028)
1828:(2028)
1820:(2027)
1812:(2027)
1804:(2027)
1796:(2026)
1788:(2026)
1780:(2026)
1772:(2026)
1769:K-EUSO
1764:(2025)
1738:STEREO
1674:AMS-02
1637:XPoSat
1613:NuSTAR
1452:STEREO
1396:Hibari
1287:Hubble
1279:HiRISE
1255:Euclid
1247:DSCOVR
1239:CHEOPS
1116:STEREO
1009:
879:
707:quartz
686:carbon
627:Photon
376:Period
370:28.40°
335:Regime
251:LC-17A
232:Rocket
4650:Freja
4543:S80/T
4508:TSS-1
4219:April
4179:March
3977:ASTRE
3972:OHMIC
3967:Arcus
3898:GUSTO
3892:XRISM
3878:NICER
3866:TWINS
3855:CINDI
3782:PUNCH
3586:MIDEX
3276:S-45A
3241:S-46A
3050:SPOrt
3045:SPICA
3025:OSO K
3020:OSO J
2874:OSO C
2858:CORSA
2850:OAO-B
2842:OAO-1
2823:TRACE
2768:Uhuru
2712:SAS-C
2704:SAS-B
2680:ROSAT
2617:OSO 8
2612:OSO 7
2607:OSO 6
2602:OSO 5
2597:OSO 4
2592:OSO 3
2587:OSO B
2582:OSO 1
2561:OAO-2
2513:LEGRI
2449:ILO-X
2345:Gamma
2337:GALEX
2289:EPOXI
2281:EPOCh
2249:Cos-B
2241:CoRoT
2176:BBXRT
2064:AGILE
2043:THEIA
2013:ORBIS
1963:ILO-1
1948:HabEx
1943:FOCAL
1918:Arcus
1881:Taiji
1841:ARIEL
1785:PLATO
1690:DAMPE
1682:CALET
1629:XRISM
1605:NICER
1573:Swift
1541:GECAM
1533:Fermi
1501:DAMPE
1485:CALET
1473:X-ray
1460:Swift
1436:SOLAR
1380:ASO-S
1343:Swift
1335:SOLAR
1231:CHASE
1222:BRITE
1177:SOLAR
678:boron
674:Lexan
202:watts
200:1100
197:Power
113:21987
50:Names
4463:DUVE
4388:July
4357:EUVE
4317:June
4071:1992
3925:CASE
3918:EZIE
3885:GOLD
3807:UNEX
3796:COSI
3768:GEMS
3696:SMEX
3685:UVEX
3671:MUSE
3622:FAME
3281:S-55
3261:S-45
3251:S-56
3070:XIPE
3065:XEUS
3040:SNAP
3015:LOFT
3010:JDEM
2995:GEMS
2985:FAME
2973:EChO
2946:AOSO
2898:WIRE
2866:CXBN
2815:SWAS
2784:WMAP
2688:RXTE
2537:MOST
2489:IXAE
2465:IRTS
2457:IRAS
2321:FUSE
2313:EUVE
2257:COBE
1988:Lynx
1978:LUCI
1897:LISA
1857:UVEX
1809:LORD
1801:COSI
1722:SOHO
1698:IBEX
1621:LEIA
1589:MAXI
1565:SVOM
1549:IXPE
1475:and
1428:SOHO
1412:IRIS
1351:TESS
1327:SOHO
1311:Odin
1271:Gaia
1185:WISE
1169:Odin
1132:Wind
1100:NCLE
1007:ISBN
978:2021
946:2021
905:2021
877:ISBN
848:2021
809:2021
744:the
684:and
676:and
644:FWHM
518:and
442:NASA
434:EUVE
428:The
78:NASA
55:EUVE
18:EUVE
4708:CTA
4284:May
3904:AWE
3226:S-1
3060:TPF
3005:IXO
3000:HOP
2545:MSX
2481:IUE
2473:ISO
2273:DXS
2209:ANS
2192:HUT
2181:HUT
2152:ATM
2018:OST
1953:HWO
1666:ACE
1420:SDO
1319:SDO
1206:Aoi
714:of
583:FoV
458:keV
436:or
226:UTC
170:Bus
108:no.
4903::
4824:,
4706:,
4686:,
4682:,
4678:,
4674:,
4670:,
4648:,
4611:,
4569:,
4565:,
4541:,
4537:,
4506:,
4486:,
4482:,
4461:,
4447:,
4443:,
4439:,
4435:,
4431:,
4422:,
4350:,
4346:,
4342:,
4338:,
4334:,
4330:,
4326:,
4253:,
4168:,
4121:,
4117:,
3811:MO
3266:10
2194:)
923:^
827:^
792:^
569:2
454:nm
249:,
4830:)
4820:(
4720:)
4716:(
4710:)
4702:(
4510:)
4502:(
4054:e
4047:t
4040:v
3815:I
3813:/
3809:/
3246:8
3221:5
3216:4
3211:3
3206:2
3163:e
3156:t
3149:v
2190:(
1069:e
1062:t
1055:v
1015:.
991:.
980:.
959:.
948:.
918:.
907:.
885:.
861:.
850:.
822:.
811:.
720:×
587:Å
533:;
522:;
504:;
432:(
20:)
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