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President of the European Union

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5014: 5046: 4982: 4837: 4638: 454: 2832: 1944: 4890:, with the representative to the European Council of the respective member state currently occupying the Presidency of the Council of the EU chairing meetings of the European Council. However, the title and office "President of the European Council" or any analogous position, did not exist prior to the Treaty of Lisbon. The misleading shorthand tag "EU Presidency" is still used by press today to refer to the member state holding the rotating Presidency of the Council of the European Union. 2902: 4110: 3519: 2992: 2305: 4062: 3471: 2943: 2020: 2473: 1597: 93: 2512: 1649: 145: 502: 4727:(also known as the Council of Ministers or simply "the Council") containing 27 national ministers, one of each nation, rotates its presidency by country. This presidency is held by a country, not a person; meetings are chaired by the minister from the country holding the presidency (depending on the topic, or "configuration"), except for the Foreign Affairs Council (one so-called "configuration" of the Council of the EU), which is usually chaired by the 4278: 3687: 3160: 2188: 1957: 2681: 1831: 327: 4775:). Comparisons with other political system have attempted to explain the complex nature of the European institutions. As each institution has its own leader, it has been suggested that the terms "Speaker" of the European Parliament, "Governor" of the European Central Bank, "Chairman" of the Council of the European Union, "President" of the European Council and "Prime Commissioner" would give a clearer indication of their respective roles. 3277: 2806: 4254: 3663: 3136: 2164: 490: 4242: 3651: 3124: 2152: 4206: 3615: 3088: 2266: 2116: 2655: 1805: 301: 466: 4338: 4326: 4302: 4074: 3747: 3735: 3711: 3483: 3220: 3208: 3184: 2955: 2293: 2224: 2212: 2200: 2642: 1792: 288: 4314: 4194: 4146: 4134: 4122: 4086: 4050: 3723: 3603: 3555: 3543: 3531: 3495: 3459: 3196: 3076: 3028: 3016: 3004: 2967: 2931: 2353: 2329: 2317: 2068: 2056: 2032: 2008: 950: 526: 478: 442: 2746: 2733: 2707: 2486: 1896: 1883: 1857: 1610: 392: 379: 353: 106: 4230: 4182: 4098: 3639: 3591: 3507: 3264: 3112: 3064: 2980: 2889: 2793: 2720: 2603: 2551: 2538: 2525: 2499: 2460: 2140: 2104: 2044: 1870: 1753: 1740: 1688: 1675: 1662: 1623: 1584: 570: 548: 514: 366: 249: 236: 184: 171: 158: 119: 80: 4587: 4965: 3290: 2876: 2819: 2629: 2590: 1779: 1727: 1636: 275: 223: 132: 4266: 3675: 3148: 2176: 4170: 3579: 3052: 2092: 55: 2668: 1818: 314: 4362: 4290: 4158: 3771: 3699: 3567: 3244: 3172: 3040: 2577: 2365: 2341: 2080: 1977: 1714: 210: 2436: 2772: 2694: 2564: 1922: 1844: 1701: 418: 340: 197: 4350: 4218: 3759: 3627: 3232: 3100: 2236: 2128: 2759: 2616: 1909: 1766: 405: 262: 3325: 4742:
According to protocol, it is the President of the Parliament who comes first, as it is listed first in the treaties. However, on the world stage, the principal representative of the EU is considered to be the President of the European Council, but the President of the European Commission, as head of
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is considered the principal representative of the EU internationally and diplomatically. They are required to lead the council, which works to set the EU's general political direction and promote compromise and consensus within the council. They are appointed by the appropriate national leaders in
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During the height of the Commission President's powers in the late-1980s and 1990s, the Commission President was sometimes described in the media as "the Union's Prime Minister". Use of the term "President" in this sense is not unusual in Europe; for comparison, the title for the
5013: 4912:. The president, as part of this institution, is responsible for the political direction, logistics and implementation of European law and held accountable to both the European Parliament and Council of the European Union. 4728: 4009: 814: 582: 4919:
and direct the commission's civil service. The president is nominated by the European Council and appointed by the European Parliament. It is customary that the European Council uses the result of the last
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ensures proper parliamentary procedure is followed and is responsible for representing the Parliament in both legal and diplomatic settings. The president must also give final assent to the EU budget.
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and subsequently elected by the European Parliament for a 5-year, renewable term. A stronger direct link between elections and the President was attempted in the form of the
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coming to a co-decision on amendments and adoption of the law. The president of each of these organs is generally held responsible their functioning and direction.
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process, although in 2019 the European Council rejected the Spitzenkandidat of the leading party, and instead nominated their own candidate from the same party.
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The President of the European Council is elected by the heads of state/government of the 27 EU member states for a 2.5-year, once renewable term.
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leads the commission, the executive and cabinet of the European Union, and is therefore considered as the most powerful position within the
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Whilst distinct, each president is required to closely co-operate with one another in a complex political system. Under the
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All four offices have been described in the media as the President of Europe, but none are analogous to the head in a
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The President of the European Commission is officially proposed by the European Council, taking into account the
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Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community
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Organigram of the political system of the European Union, showing three presidents of the European Union
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to guide their nomination. The Commission President also delivers annual
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9.5. Administrative structure of the European Union: official titles and listing order
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The role gives the holder the right to allocate portfolios to, dismiss and reshuffle
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The Presidents of each institution are chosen in a slightly different way;
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Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations
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High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
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Official web site of La Moncloa, the Spanish Prime Minister's Office
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Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings
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The President of the European Parliament is elected from among
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List of presidents of the institutions of the European Union
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Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union
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Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council
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Winter is here for Spitzenkandidat, but he'll survive
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457: 456: 445: 444: 421: 420: 419: 408: 407: 406: 395: 394: 393: 382: 381: 380: 369: 368: 367: 356: 355: 354: 343: 342: 341: 330: 329: 328: 317: 316: 315: 304: 303: 302: 291: 290: 289: 278: 277: 276: 265: 264: 263: 252: 251: 250: 239: 238: 237: 226: 225: 224: 213: 212: 211: 200: 199: 198: 187: 186: 185: 174: 173: 172: 161: 160: 159: 148: 147: 146: 135: 134: 133: 122: 121: 120: 109: 108: 107: 96: 95: 94: 83: 82: 81: 57: 32: 21: 5391: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5381: 5380: 5366: 5365: 5357: 5352: 5351: 5343: 5339: 5335:, 2nd ed.(2001) 5327: 5323: 5315: 5311: 5301: 5299: 5298:on 6 April 2001 5285: 5284: 5280: 5270: 5268: 5254: 5253: 5249: 5228:Richard Corbett 5225: 5221: 5213: 5206: 5198: 5194: 5184: 5182: 5173: 5172: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5103: 5100: 5098:Further reading 5083: 5078: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5058: 5057: 5054:Roberta Metsola 5049: 5040: 5038: 5034: 5026: 5025: 5017: 5008: 5006: 5002: 4994: 4993: 4985: 4974: 4973: 4964: 4962: 4956: 4944: 4938: 4928:address to the 4902: 4896: 4872: 4866: 4834: 4828: 4819:spitzenkandidat 4797: 4757: 4717:Roberta Metsola 4631: 4602: 4598:Other countries 4586: 4584: 4579: 4578: 4541: 4533: 4532: 4519: 4491: 4371: 4359: 4347: 4335: 4323: 4311: 4299: 4287: 4275: 4263: 4251: 4239: 4227: 4215: 4203: 4191: 4179: 4167: 4155: 4143: 4131: 4119: 4107: 4095: 4083: 4071: 4059: 4047: 4044: 4039: 4021: 4013: 4005: 3995: 3994: 3925:Pro-Europeanism 3851: 3843: 3842: 3791: 3781: 3780: 3768: 3756: 3744: 3732: 3720: 3708: 3696: 3684: 3672: 3660: 3648: 3636: 3624: 3612: 3600: 3588: 3576: 3564: 3552: 3540: 3528: 3516: 3504: 3492: 3480: 3468: 3456: 3453: 3448: 3447: 3446: 3391: 3386: 3367:Spitzenkandidat 3342: 3332: 3331: 3305: 3300: 3289: 3287: 3276: 3274: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3253: 3241: 3229: 3217: 3205: 3193: 3181: 3169: 3157: 3145: 3133: 3121: 3109: 3097: 3085: 3073: 3061: 3049: 3037: 3025: 3013: 3001: 2989: 2977: 2964: 2952: 2940: 2928: 2925: 2919: 2909: 2908: 2888: 2886: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2865: 2846:Prüm Convention 2842: 2831: 2829: 2818: 2816: 2805: 2803: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2782: 2771: 2769: 2758: 2756: 2745: 2743: 2732: 2730: 2719: 2717: 2706: 2704: 2693: 2691: 2680: 2678: 2667: 2665: 2654: 2652: 2641: 2639: 2628: 2626: 2615: 2613: 2602: 2600: 2589: 2587: 2576: 2574: 2563: 2561: 2550: 2548: 2537: 2535: 2524: 2522: 2511: 2509: 2498: 2496: 2485: 2483: 2472: 2470: 2459: 2457: 2453: 2443: 2442: 2433: 2432: 2392: 2387: 2374: 2362: 2350: 2338: 2326: 2314: 2302: 2290: 2287: 2280: 2278: 2271:Paschal Donohoe 2263: 2255: 2248: 2246: 2233: 2221: 2209: 2197: 2185: 2173: 2161: 2149: 2137: 2125: 2113: 2101: 2089: 2077: 2065: 2053: 2041: 2029: 2017: 2005: 2002: 1994: 1984: 1983: 1967: 1956: 1954: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1933: 1932: 1921: 1919: 1908: 1906: 1895: 1893: 1882: 1880: 1869: 1867: 1856: 1854: 1843: 1841: 1830: 1828: 1817: 1815: 1804: 1802: 1791: 1789: 1778: 1776: 1765: 1763: 1752: 1750: 1739: 1737: 1726: 1724: 1713: 1711: 1700: 1698: 1687: 1685: 1674: 1672: 1661: 1659: 1648: 1646: 1635: 1633: 1622: 1620: 1609: 1607: 1596: 1594: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1575:Euratom members 1571: 1561: 1560: 1532: 1527: 1497: 1494:Advisory bodies 1490: 1477: 1472: 1401: 1394: 1386: 1381: 1373: 1368: 1360: 1355: 1348:Investment Fund 1343:Investment Bank 1339: 1333: 1325: 1324: 1290: 1280: 1279: 1251: 1246: 1238: 1230: 1222: 1221: 1191: 1183: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1166: 1150:Vice Presidents 1094: 1088: 1081: 1037: 1036: 1035: 973: 968: 967: 966: 959: 947: 945: 938: 931: 922: 912: 911: 888:Vice Presidents 869: 862: 837: 829: 821: 820: 805: 800: 785: 780: 779: 770: 765: 764: 735: 730: 729: 724: 635:Treaty of Paris 624: 614: 613: 612: 579: 567: 564: 557: 545: 542: 535: 523: 511: 507:North Macedonia 499: 487: 475: 463: 451: 439: 436: 429: 428: 417: 415: 404: 402: 391: 389: 378: 376: 365: 363: 352: 350: 339: 337: 326: 324: 313: 311: 300: 298: 287: 285: 274: 272: 261: 259: 248: 246: 235: 233: 222: 220: 209: 207: 196: 194: 183: 181: 170: 168: 157: 155: 144: 142: 131: 129: 118: 116: 105: 103: 92: 90: 79: 77: 72: 48: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5389: 5387: 5379: 5378: 5368: 5367: 5364: 5363: 5356: 5355:External links 5353: 5350: 5349: 5337: 5321: 5309: 5278: 5247: 5219: 5204: 5192: 5181:. 16 June 2016 5179:European Union 5148: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5136: 5135: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5094: 5089: 5082: 5079: 5074: 5073: 5051: 5050: 5043: 5041: 5019: 5018: 5011: 5009: 4990:Charles Michel 4987: 4986: 4979: 4976: 4975: 4971:European Union 4960: 4959: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4940:Main article: 4937: 4934: 4898:Main article: 4895: 4892: 4868:Main article: 4865: 4862: 4827: 4824: 4823: 4822: 4811: 4808: 4796: 4793: 4756: 4753: 4721: 4720: 4709: 4698: 4695:Charles Michel 4633: 4632: 4630: 4629: 4622: 4615: 4607: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4600: 4594: 4581: 4580: 4577: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4560: 4559: 4554: 4542: 4540:Defunct bodies 4539: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4483: 4482: 4477: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4370: 4369: 4357: 4345: 4333: 4321: 4309: 4297: 4285: 4273: 4261: 4249: 4237: 4225: 4213: 4201: 4189: 4177: 4165: 4153: 4141: 4129: 4117: 4115:Czech Republic 4105: 4093: 4081: 4069: 4057: 4040: 4038: 4037: 4035:Defence Policy 4032: 4030:Foreign Policy 4027: 4020: 4019: 4007: 4006: 4001: 4000: 3997: 3996: 3993: 3992: 3991: 3990: 3989: 3988: 3978: 3973: 3963: 3962: 3961: 3951: 3950: 3949: 3944: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3930:Euroscepticism 3927: 3922: 3917: 3907: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3882: 3881: 3880: 3870: 3869: 3868: 3858: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3845: 3844: 3841: 3840: 3835: 3833:Recommendation 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3792: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3779: 3778: 3766: 3754: 3742: 3730: 3718: 3706: 3694: 3682: 3670: 3658: 3646: 3634: 3622: 3610: 3598: 3586: 3574: 3562: 3550: 3538: 3526: 3524:Czech Republic 3514: 3502: 3490: 3478: 3466: 3449: 3445: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3387: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3372:Constituencies 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3343: 3338: 3337: 3334: 3333: 3322: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3301: 3299: 3298: 3285: 3272: 3256:Non-EU members 3254: 3252: 3251: 3239: 3227: 3215: 3203: 3191: 3179: 3167: 3155: 3143: 3131: 3119: 3107: 3095: 3083: 3071: 3059: 3047: 3035: 3023: 3011: 2999: 2997:Czech Republic 2987: 2975: 2962: 2950: 2938: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2914: 2911: 2910: 2899: 2898: 2884: 2866: 2864: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2841: 2840: 2827: 2814: 2801: 2785:Non-EU members 2783: 2781: 2780: 2767: 2754: 2741: 2728: 2715: 2702: 2689: 2676: 2663: 2650: 2637: 2624: 2611: 2598: 2585: 2572: 2559: 2546: 2533: 2520: 2518:Czech Republic 2507: 2494: 2481: 2468: 2454: 2449: 2448: 2445: 2444: 2431: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2388: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2373: 2372: 2360: 2348: 2336: 2324: 2312: 2300: 2281: 2276: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2249: 2244: 2243: 2231: 2219: 2207: 2195: 2183: 2171: 2159: 2147: 2135: 2123: 2111: 2099: 2087: 2075: 2063: 2051: 2039: 2027: 2015: 1996: 1995: 1990: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1974: 1973: 1966: 1965: 1963:United Kingdom 1952: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1917: 1904: 1891: 1878: 1865: 1852: 1839: 1826: 1813: 1800: 1787: 1774: 1761: 1748: 1735: 1722: 1709: 1696: 1683: 1670: 1657: 1655:Czech Republic 1644: 1631: 1618: 1605: 1592: 1578: 1573: 1572: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1528: 1526: 1525: 1520: 1519: 1518: 1508: 1503: 1491: 1489: 1488: 1483: 1473: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1468: 1467:of the Euratom 1465: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1423: 1420: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1395: 1393: 1392: 1382: 1380: 1379: 1369: 1367: 1366: 1356: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1345: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1313:Euro banknotes 1310: 1305: 1291: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1247: 1245: 1244: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1167: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1158: 1157: 1152: 1142: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1129: 1119: 1107:Largest groups 1104: 1082: 1080: 1079: 1078: 1077: 1072: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1057: 1043: 1034: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 997: 996: 986: 981: 975: 974: 971:Configurations 969: 960: 946: 939: 932: 930: 929: 923: 918: 917: 914: 913: 910: 909: 900: 895: 890: 885: 875: 863: 861: 860: 859: 858: 853: 831: 830: 827: 826: 823: 822: 819: 818: 812: 801: 799: 798: 792: 783:Other treaties 781: 771: 766: 736: 731: 725: 723: 722: 721: 720: 715: 704: 698: 695:Treaty of Nice 692: 686: 680: 674: 668: 662: 659:Euratom Treaty 656: 653:Treaty of Rome 650: 644: 638: 632: 625: 620: 619: 616: 615: 611: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 578: 577: 558: 556: 555: 536: 534: 533: 521: 509: 497: 485: 473: 461: 449: 430: 427: 426: 413: 400: 387: 374: 361: 348: 335: 322: 309: 296: 283: 270: 257: 244: 231: 218: 205: 192: 179: 166: 153: 151:Czech Republic 140: 127: 114: 101: 88: 74: 73: 67: 66: 63: 62: 59: 58: 50: 49: 44: 41: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5388: 5377: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5362: 5359: 5358: 5354: 5346: 5341: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5325: 5322: 5318: 5313: 5310: 5297: 5293: 5292:Business Week 5289: 5282: 5279: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5251: 5248: 5245: 5244:0-19-957080-9 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5220: 5217:, Article 9 B 5216: 5211: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5196: 5193: 5180: 5176: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5150: 5143: 5138: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5111: 5106: 5102: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5080: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5056: 5055: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5024: 5023: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4992: 4991: 4983: 4978: 4972: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4943: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4901: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4882:Prior to the 4880: 4877: 4871: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4838: 4833: 4825: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4802: 4801: 4800: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4776: 4774: 4770: 4769:head of state 4767:(who is both 4766: 4762: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4746: 4740: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4686: 4685:, including: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4639: 4628: 4623: 4621: 4616: 4614: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4605: 4599: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4583: 4582: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4537: 4536: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4520: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4017:Josep Borrell 4015: 4014: 4012: 4011: 4004: 3999: 3998: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3957: 3956: 3955: 3952: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3935: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3911: 3908: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3879: 3876: 3875: 3874: 3871: 3867: 3864: 3863: 3862: 3861:Customs Union 3859: 3857: 3854: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3805:ECJ Case 6/64 3802: 3799: 3798: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3790: 3785: 3784: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3377:Apportionment 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3341: 3336: 3335: 3326: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3297: 3286: 3284: 3283:Liechtenstein 3273: 3271: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2926: 2924: 2918: 2913: 2912: 2903: 2896: 2885: 2883: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2828: 2826: 2815: 2813: 2812:Liechtenstein 2802: 2800: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2779: 2768: 2766: 2755: 2753: 2742: 2740: 2729: 2727: 2716: 2714: 2703: 2701: 2690: 2688: 2677: 2675: 2664: 2662: 2651: 2649: 2638: 2636: 2625: 2623: 2612: 2610: 2599: 2597: 2586: 2584: 2573: 2571: 2560: 2558: 2547: 2545: 2534: 2532: 2521: 2519: 2508: 2506: 2495: 2493: 2482: 2480: 2469: 2467: 2456: 2455: 2452: 2451:Schengen Area 2447: 2446: 2437: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2391: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2375: 2371: 2370:Swedish krona 2366: 2361: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2299: 2298:Bulgarian lev 2294: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2285: 2279: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2261: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2254: 2253: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2014: 2009: 2004: 2003: 2001: 2000: 1993: 1988: 1987: 1978: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1964: 1953: 1951: 1940: 1939: 1937: 1929: 1918: 1916: 1905: 1903: 1892: 1890: 1879: 1877: 1866: 1864: 1853: 1851: 1840: 1838: 1827: 1825: 1814: 1812: 1801: 1799: 1788: 1786: 1775: 1773: 1762: 1760: 1749: 1747: 1736: 1734: 1723: 1721: 1710: 1708: 1697: 1695: 1684: 1682: 1671: 1669: 1658: 1656: 1645: 1643: 1632: 1630: 1619: 1617: 1606: 1604: 1593: 1591: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1570: 1565: 1564: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1531: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1514: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1496: 1495: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1476: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1413:AFSC agencies 1412: 1410:CFSP agencies 1409: 1406: 1405: 1403: 1402: 1400: 1399: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1385: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1359: 1352:EIB Institute 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1329: 1328: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1289: 1284: 1283: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1250: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1237: 1236: 1226: 1225: 1218: 1217:General Court 1215: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1190: 1189: 1179: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1163: 1160: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1126:Iratxe García 1123: 1120: 1117: 1116:Manfred Weber 1113: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1087: 1086: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 995: 992: 991: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 976: 972: 964: 958: 957: 951: 944: 943: 937: 936: 928: 925: 924: 921: 916: 915: 908: 904: 901: 899: 898:Civil Service 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 883: 882:Von der Leyen 879: 876: 874: 871: 870: 868: 867: 857: 854: 852: 849: 848: 846: 842: 839: 838: 836: 835: 825: 824: 816: 813: 810: 807: 806: 804: 796: 793: 790: 787: 786: 784: 778: 774: 769: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 734: 728: 719: 716: 714: 711: 710: 708: 705: 702: 699: 696: 693: 690: 687: 684: 681: 678: 675: 672: 669: 666: 665:Merger Treaty 663: 660: 657: 654: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 630: 627: 626: 623: 618: 617: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 580: 576: 571: 566: 565: 563: 562: 554: 549: 544: 543: 541: 540: 532: 527: 522: 520: 515: 510: 508: 503: 498: 496: 491: 486: 484: 479: 474: 472: 467: 462: 460: 455: 450: 448: 443: 438: 437: 435: 434: 425: 414: 412: 401: 399: 388: 386: 375: 373: 362: 360: 349: 347: 336: 334: 323: 321: 310: 308: 297: 295: 284: 282: 271: 269: 258: 256: 245: 243: 232: 230: 219: 217: 206: 204: 193: 191: 180: 178: 167: 165: 154: 152: 141: 139: 128: 126: 115: 113: 102: 100: 89: 87: 76: 75: 70: 69:Member states 65: 64: 61: 60: 56: 52: 51: 47: 42: 38: 34: 33: 30: 19: 5340: 5332: 5331:, ed. C.Lea 5328: 5324: 5312: 5300:. Retrieved 5296:the original 5291: 5281: 5269:. Retrieved 5265:the original 5260: 5250: 5222: 5195: 5183:. Retrieved 5178: 5114: 5108: 5052: 5020: 4988: 4945: 4914: 4903: 4881: 4873: 4843: 4798: 4788: 4777: 4763:such as the 4758: 4741: 4722: 4678: 4674: 4672: 4655:José Barroso 4548:(1958–1993) 4041: 4008: 3888:Agricultural 3811:Subsidiarity 3450: 3388: 3302: 3255: 2922: 2867: 2784: 2389: 2358:Romanian leu 2346:Polish złoty 2322:Danish krone 2310:Czech koruna 2282: 2277: 2258: 2250: 2245: 1997: 1935: 1574: 1529: 1492: 1474: 1396: 1383: 1370: 1357: 1336: 1332:Other bodies 1248: 1233: 1186: 1168: 1083: 970: 955: 940: 933: 864: 832: 802: 782: 767: 732: 647:Spaak Report 559: 537: 431: 29: 18:EU President 5185:14 November 4647:Jerzy Buzek 4283:Netherlands 3966:Integration 3910:Citizenship 3692:Netherlands 3165:Netherlands 2923:EEA members 2838:Switzerland 2687:Netherlands 2193:Netherlands 1950:Switzerland 1837:Netherlands 1141:(2019–2024) 1139:9th session 1046:Secretariat 817:(2015–2016) 333:Netherlands 5144:References 4854:Parliament 4850:Commission 4830:See also: 4667:Berlaymont 4259:Luxembourg 3818:Regulation 3668:Luxembourg 3141:Luxembourg 2661:Luxembourg 2169:Luxembourg 1811:Luxembourg 1422:SRM bodies 1318:Euro coins 1162:Conference 942:Presidency 718:Article 50 495:Montenegro 307:Luxembourg 5131:154961315 4247:Lithuania 3898:Fisheries 3884:Policies 3823:Directive 3656:Lithuania 3340:Elections 3129:Lithuania 2897:(Opt-out) 2648:Lithuania 2259:President 2252:Eurogroup 2157:Lithuania 1798:Lithuania 1464:of the EU 1295:President 1098:President 994:Eurogroup 907:Juhansone 878:President 841:President 713:Article 7 294:Lithuania 5370:Category 5081:See also 4795:Election 4755:In media 4343:Slovenia 4331:Slovakia 4307:Portugal 4079:Bulgaria 3920:Identity 3903:Regional 3828:Decision 3752:Slovenia 3740:Slovakia 3716:Portugal 3488:Bulgaria 3225:Slovenia 3213:Slovakia 3189:Portugal 2960:Bulgaria 2752:Slovenia 2739:Slovakia 2713:Portugal 2492:Bulgaria 2398:Bulgaria 2229:Slovenia 2217:Slovakia 2205:Portugal 1902:Slovenia 1889:Slovakia 1863:Portugal 1616:Bulgaria 1155:Quaestor 1001:AGRIFISH 727:Opt-outs 398:Slovenia 385:Slovakia 359:Portugal 112:Bulgaria 37:a series 5302:17 June 5271:17 June 4954:Gallery 4787:is the 4785:Spanish 4737:Hungary 4657:), and 4499:Ireland 4469:History 4319:Romania 4211:Ireland 4199:Hungary 4175:Germany 4151:Finland 4139:Estonia 4127:Denmark 4091:Croatia 4067:Belgium 4055:Austria 3801:Primacy 3728:Romania 3620:Ireland 3608:Hungary 3584:Germany 3560:Finland 3548:Estonia 3536:Denmark 3500:Croatia 3476:Belgium 3464:Austria 3270:Iceland 3201:Romania 3093:Ireland 3081:Hungary 3057:Germany 3033:Finland 3021:Estonia 3009:Denmark 2972:Croatia 2948:Belgium 2936:Austria 2895:Ireland 2799:Iceland 2726:Romania 2609:Hungary 2583:Germany 2557:Finland 2544:Estonia 2531:Denmark 2505:Croatia 2479:Belgium 2466:Austria 2428:Romania 2413:Hungary 2408:Denmark 2403:Czechia 2121:Ireland 2097:Germany 2073:Finland 2061:Estonia 2037:Croatia 2025:Belgium 2013:Austria 1876:Romania 1759:Ireland 1746:Hungary 1720:Germany 1694:Finland 1681:Estonia 1668:Denmark 1629:Croatia 1603:Belgium 1590:Austria 1569:Euratom 1298:Lagarde 1210:Rulings 1200:Members 1122:S&D 1102:Metsola 1091:Members 1070:COREPER 956:Hungary 851:Parties 847:(ALDE) 709:(2007) 531:Ukraine 483:Moldova 471:Georgia 447:Albania 372:Romania 255:Ireland 242:Hungary 216:Germany 190:Finland 177:Estonia 164:Denmark 125:Croatia 99:Belgium 86:Austria 5333:et al. 5242:  5234:  5129:  4968:  4731:. The 4480:Brexit 4367:Sweden 4295:Poland 4235:Latvia 4187:Greece 4163:France 4103:Cyprus 3893:Energy 3856:Budget 3796:Acquis 3776:Sweden 3704:Poland 3644:Latvia 3596:Greece 3572:France 3512:Cyprus 3303:Topics 3296:Norway 3294:  3281:  3268:  3249:Sweden 3177:Poland 3117:Latvia 3069:Greece 3045:France 2985:Cyprus 2893:  2882:Cyprus 2880:  2836:  2825:Norway 2823:  2810:  2797:  2778:Sweden 2776:  2763:  2750:  2737:  2724:  2711:  2700:Poland 2698:  2685:  2672:  2659:  2646:  2635:Latvia 2633:  2620:  2607:  2596:Greece 2594:  2581:  2570:France 2568:  2555:  2542:  2529:  2516:  2503:  2490:  2477:  2464:  2423:Sweden 2418:Poland 2378:ERM II 2145:Latvia 2109:Greece 2085:France 2049:Cyprus 1961:  1948:  1928:Sweden 1926:  1913:  1900:  1887:  1874:  1861:  1850:Poland 1848:  1835:  1822:  1809:  1796:  1785:Latvia 1783:  1770:  1757:  1744:  1733:Greece 1731:  1718:  1707:France 1705:  1692:  1679:  1666:  1653:  1642:Cyprus 1640:  1627:  1614:  1601:  1588:  1145:Bureau 1041:Voting 1011:COMPET 989:ECOFIN 845:Michel 811:(2004) 797:(1992) 791:(1985) 703:(2007) 697:(2001) 691:(1997) 685:(1992) 679:(1986) 673:(1983) 667:(1965) 661:(1957) 655:(1957) 649:(1956) 643:(1951) 637:(1951) 631:(1950) 575:Kosovo 553:Turkey 519:Serbia 424:Sweden 422:  409:  396:  383:  370:  357:  346:Poland 344:  331:  318:  305:  292:  281:Latvia 279:  266:  253:  240:  229:Greece 227:  214:  203:France 201:  188:  175:  162:  149:  138:Cyprus 136:  123:  110:  97:  84:  5139:Notes 5127:S2CID 4826:Roles 4355:Spain 4271:Malta 4223:Italy 3764:Spain 3680:Malta 3632:Italy 3237:Spain 3153:Malta 3105:Italy 2765:Spain 2674:Malta 2622:Italy 2241:Spain 2181:Malta 2133:Italy 1915:Spain 1824:Malta 1772:Italy 1416:ESFS 1006:EPSCO 884:(EPP) 411:Spain 320:Malta 268:Italy 5304:2007 5273:2007 5240:ISBN 5238:and 5232:ISBN 5187:2017 4996:ALDE 4856:and 4805:MEPs 4771:and 4743:the 4711:the 4700:the 4689:the 4677:(or 3437:2019 3432:2014 3427:2009 3422:2004 3417:1999 3412:1994 3407:1989 3402:1984 3397:1979 1303:ESCB 1021:ENVI 777:2020 773:1984 762:2011 758:2005 754:2003 750:1994 746:1985 742:1979 738:1972 603:EU 3 71:(27) 5119:doi 5060:EPP 5028:EPP 4783:in 4649:), 4528:G20 3789:Law 1308:EMU 1112:EPP 1031:EYC 1026:JHA 1016:TTE 984:FAC 979:GAC 5372:: 5290:. 5259:. 5207:^ 5177:. 5152:^ 5125:. 5115:52 5113:. 5064:MT 5032:DE 5000:BE 4932:. 4910:EU 4749:G7 4523:G7 4471:) 1100:: 1053:: 965:) 905:: 880:: 843:: 775:, 760:, 756:, 752:, 748:, 744:, 740:, 39:on 5306:. 5275:. 5189:. 5133:. 5121:: 5062:– 5030:– 4998:– 4719:) 4708:) 4697:) 4669:. 4661:( 4653:( 4645:( 4626:e 4619:t 4612:v 4501:) 4497:( 4467:( 3807:) 3803:( 1128:) 1124:( 1118:) 1114:( 1093:) 1089:( 961:( 20:)

Index

EU President
a series
Politics of the European Union

Member states
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia

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