291:
674:
434:
694:
235:
127:
109:
554:
540:
57:
528:
516:
568:
504:
98:
81:
616:. None of the Eagle Squadron pilots had previously served in the USAAF and did not have US pilot wings. As such, it was decided that they be awarded USAAF pilot wings upon their transfer. Due to their insistence, the Eagle Squadron pilots who transferred to the USAAF 4th Fighter Group were permitted to retain their RAF wings, reduced in size, on the opposite side of their uniform to their new USAAF pilots wings.
466:
351:. In August, 71 Squadron replaced its Hurricanes and Spitfire Mk IIs, before quickly re-equipping with the latest Spitfire Mk Vs. The unit soon established a high reputation, and numerous air kill claims were made in RAF fighter sweeps over the continent during the summer and autumn of 1941. In December, the squadron was rested back at Martlesham Heath, before a move to
596:. Only four of the 34 original Eagle pilots were still present when the squadrons joined the USAAF. Typical were the fates of the eight original pilots in the third squadron: Four died during training, one was disqualified, two died in combat, and one became a prisoner of war. About 100 Eagle pilots had been killed, were missing or were prisoners.
673:
366:
in May 1941, flying
Hurricanes on coastal convoy escort duties. On 15 September 1941, it destroyed its first German aircraft. The Hurricanes were replaced with Spitfires, and Spitfire Mk Vs arrived in November 1941. The following month, the squadron moved to RAF North Weald, replacing 71 Squadron. In
823:
had 130 sorties with the Eagle
Squadrons and became the youngest squadron commander in the RAF. When the Eagle Squadrons were transferred to the 4th Fighter Group, Peterson became the group's executive officer, succeeding to command of the group in April 1943, and becoming at 23 the youngest (at the
246:
of 20/40 correctable to 20/20, and 300 hours of certified flying time. These requirements, with the exception of the flight time, were not as strict as those required for service in the United States Army Air Corps, which was why some of the pilots joined the squadron. Most Eagle
Squadron pilots did
599:
Negotiations regarding the transfer between the Eagle
Squadrons, the USAAF and the RAF had to resolve a number of issues. The RAF wanted some compensation for losing three front-line squadrons in which they had heavily invested. Determining what rank each pilot would assume in the USAAF also had to
421:
in heavy cloud cover. Strong winds blew the unit further south than realised and, short of fuel, the squadron let down directly over Brest. Six pilots were shot down and taken prisoner, four were killed, one bailed out and evaded capture, while one crash landed in
England. One of the British pilots
462:. Six 'Eagle' Spitfires were lost, with one pilot taken prisoner and one killed. Through to the end of September 1942, the squadrons claimed to have destroyed 73½ German planes while 77 American and 5 British members were killed. 71 Squadron claimed 41 kills, 121 Squadron 18, and 133 Squadron 14½.
266:
before being ostensibly commissioned as RAF officers and posted to front-line RAF fighter squadrons. The
American pilots assigned to the Eagle Squadrons never renounced their US citizenship and although they wore the uniforms and held the rank titles of RAF officers, their dress and duty uniform
433:
331:
by June 1941. On June 21, 1941, 22 year-old
Nathaniel Maranz became the first American pilot to become a prisoner of war when he was shot down by a Bf 109 over the English Channel and picked up by a German patrol boat after swimming for an hour and a half. He was a prisoner in
445:
was the only time all three Eagle
Squadrons saw action operating together. No. 71 moved from Debden to Gravesend in mid-August in anticipation of the Dieppe action, while No. 121 operated from Southend. 133 Squadron moved with No. 401 Squadron RCAF from
625:, head of the USAAF in Europe, wanted to spread the experience of the Eagles amongst various new US fighter squadrons, but the pilots of the three Eagle Squadrons wanted to stay together. The 71, 121, and 133 Squadrons were renamed by the USAAF as the
222:, which by the time the United States entered the war, had processed and approved 6,700 applications from Americans to join the RCAF or RAF. Sweeny and his rich society contacts bore the cost (over $ 100,000) of processing and sending the men to the
833:
was a pilot in 121 and 133 Squadrons during 1942, making 120 sorties and claiming three aerial kills. He became deputy commander of the 4th
Fighter Group under Chesley Peterson, then commanded the group from January to October 1944.
290:
808:
stayed with the Eagle
Squadron only a short time before requesting a transfer back to his original RAF unit. He did not appreciate the unruly behavior of many of the American pilots. He was killed in action in 1942.
318:
in Suffolk for operations over Europe. During May, it suffered its first loss when Mike Kolendorski was killed during a fighter sweep over the Netherlands. The intensity of operations stepped up with a move into
2070:
760:
together, and were transferred to 71 Squadron together in September 1940. The trio had also all been killed by the time of the transfer of the Eagle Squadrons to the USAAF in 1942 (from the database of the
2080:
904:
2085:
791:, service number 84653, was another Battle of Britain veteran. He was also killed before the USAAF took charge of the Eagle Squadrons. Pilot Officer Leckrone was killed in January 1941, age 28.
2075:
2060:
414:) and P/O W. Baker was credited with a Fw 190 destroyed. On 26 September 1942, 11 of the unit's 12 brand new Spitfire Mk IXs were lost on a mission over Morlaix while escorting
254:
and having passed basic flight training, the new pilots were sent for advanced operational training to an operational training unit (OTU) for two to four weeks to learn to fly
2065:
1572:
1042:
133 Squadron had been re-equipped in September 1942 with Spitfire IXs. These aircraft did not transfer to the USAAF and 336th Fighter Squadron formed with Spitfire Vs.
989:, The Hammond Times, Vol.XXXVI, No. 27 p 57, The Clarion Ledger July 19, 1941, p1, Albuquerque Journal June 24, 1941 Front page, The Daily Oklahoma June 24, 1941, p 9.
641:
became available in January 1943. The 4th Fighter Group flew Spitfires until its conversion to P-47s was completed in April 1943. All three units had switched to the
1592:
437:
Personnel of No. 121 Squadron look on as three Spitfire Vbs come in to land at RAF Rochford in Essex, after a fighter sweep over northern France during August 1942.
410:, France. 133 Squadron claimed three destroyed and one probable, while losing three aircraft. P/O "Jessie" Taylor accounted for two of the claims (a Bf 109F and an
778:
Mamedoff was killed in October 1941, age 29, after he had been transferred, with a promotion to be a flight commander, to another Eagle Squadron, No. 133 Squadron
816:
was a pilot with 133 Squadron, claiming two air victories, and by March 1944 had become the 4th Fighter Group's top ace in World War II, with 22 aerial kills.
1824:
1819:
1814:
207:, had been working along similar lines, recruiting American pilots to fight in France.) Sweeny's efforts were also coordinated in Canada by the World War I
1809:
1804:
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805:
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287:. Of the thousands who volunteered, only 244 Americans served with the Eagle Squadrons. Sixteen Britons also served as squadron and flight commanders.
1495:
1751:
1746:
861:
wrote a march, "Eagle Squadron", in honour of the pilots of the squadron. It is also a "thank you" to the American pilots: small sections of the
203:, a wealthy businessman living in London, persuaded the British Government to form an RAF squadron composed of Americans. (His uncle, also named
1741:
1065:
650:
193:(RCAF) to learn to fly and fight. Many early recruits had originally gone to Europe to fight for Finland against the Soviet Union in the
2029:
1840:
234:
762:
613:
567:
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followed in August, and re-equipment with the Spitfire Mk V occurred early in 1942. In May, the squadron became part of the famed
539:
943:
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1287:
654:
527:
515:
1855:
1411:
503:
275:
Three Eagle Squadrons were formed between September 1940 and July 1941. On 29 September 1942, they were turned over to the
2034:
1488:
585:
415:
1652:
1504:
1447:
267:
tunics were modified with the Eagle Squadron patch, a white bald eagle flanked by the letters "ES" for Eagle Squadron.
642:
593:
418:
1407:
909:
658:
638:
340:
2055:
1527:
1481:
889:
843:
219:
190:
294:
American pilots of No 71 'Eagle' Squadron rush to their Hawker Hurricanes at Kirton-in-Lindsey, 17 March 1941.
827:
605:
306:, and became operational for defensive duties on 5 February 1941. 71 Squadron commenced operations based at
126:
1473:
1582:
634:
630:
626:
573:
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and offered their services to the United States. The pilots from 71 Squadron decided they wanted to go to
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200:
913:
1957:
1690:
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1626:
1610:
851:
749:
609:
363:
311:
39:
242:
The basic requirements for joining the Eagle Squadron were a high school diploma, age 20 to 31 years,
238:
Miles Masters of No. 5 Service Flying Training School, flown by volunteers for No. 71 (Eagle) Squadron
2024:
1962:
1942:
1850:
895:
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753:
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403:
375:
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344:
315:
280:
263:
155:
1993:
1937:
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820:
662:
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Wing. On 31 July 1942, during a bomber escort mission to Abbeville, 133's Spitfires fought 52-kill
299:
171:
1902:
1680:
1631:
1464:
Eagle Squadron pilots buried at Brookwood Military Cemetery & Charles Sweeny's grave marker
1058:
American Eagles: US Fighter Pilots in the RAF 1939-1945: Rare Photographs from Wartime Archives
1879:
1532:
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307:
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With the United States still neutral, many Americans simply crossed the border and joined the
31:
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969:
1998:
1947:
1918:
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847:
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646:
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320:
276:
259:
151:
142:
35:
56:
1988:
1910:
1698:
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1522:
727:
678:
588:, with the American pilots becoming officers in the USAAF. The Eagle pilots had earned 12
580:
On 29 September 1942, the three squadrons were officially transferred from the RAF to the
447:
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423:
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368:
333:
328:
324:
175:
130:
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be negotiated, with most being given a rank equivalent to their RAF rank. For example, a
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in combat; after shooting down one, Pflanz was himself shot down and killed in his
255:
211:
183:
147:
1443:
Peter Provenzano: A Digital Memoir of World War II as a Pilot in the RAF and USAAF
481:, most of the Eagle Squadron pilots wanted to immediately join the fight against
1203:. Same as the 1943 edition, except it has an epilogue of the members as of 1982.
899:
813:
802:
706:
622:
442:
383:
465:
2002:
1733:
1587:
1452:
1402:
Spitfire RCW: The Wartime Exploits of Wing Commander Royce Clifford Wilkinson
1247:
Immigrants of War: Americans Serving With the RAF and RCAF During World War II
352:
194:
17:
2008:
1884:
1468:
490:
485:. Representatives from 71 and 121 Squadrons went to the American embassy in
391:
649:, along with the 334th, 335th and 336th Fighter Squadrons, exist today as
1542:
752:(RAFVR) together (receiving consecutive service numbers), were posted to
186:(1940), prior to the United States' entry into the war in December 1941.
458:
shot down, 121 an Fw 190, while 133 claimed four Fw 190s, a Ju 88 and a
1469:
Eagle Squadrons became the USAAF 4th Fighter Group on 29 September 1942
302:, was formed in September 1940 as part of the RAF's buildup during the
208:
486:
451:
336:. The squadron's first confirmed victory came on 21 July 1941 when
986:
637:
and transferred as complete units, retaining their Spitfires until
888:– American volunteers who fought for the Republic of China in the
692:
672:
464:
432:
348:
289:
233:
1442:
1329:
The Eagles' War: The Saga of the Eagle Squadron Pilots, 1940–1945
1060:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Aviation. p. 57.
677:
The first three members of the Eagle Squadrons (left to right):
399:
1477:
1403:
1357:
American Eagles: American Volunteers in the R.A.F., 1937–1943
905:
Non-British personnel in the RAF during the Battle of Britain
247:
not have a college education or prior military experience.
2071:
Fighter squadrons of the Royal Air Force in World War II
1021:'Aces High', Shores and Williams, 1994, pages 31, 38, 40
898:– American volunteers in the French Air Service during
794:
The lives of these four pilots have been described in
1350:, with all the photos different from the 1st edition.
1322:, with all the photos different from the 1st edition.
1294:
Caged Eagles: Downed American Fighter Pilots, 1940–45
1217:
Fighter Pilot: The First American Ace of World War II
879:– Germans who fought for the Nationalists during the
717:
The first three members of the Eagle Squadrons were:
382:
in July 1941, flying the Hurricane Mk IIb. A move to
2081:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1942
1175:
American Pilots in the RAF: The WWII Eagle Squadrons
2017:
1981:
1930:
1868:
1833:
1760:
1732:
1689:
1651:
1644:
1619:
1601:
1558:
1551:
1515:
473:, 4th Fighter Group, previously of No. 71 Squadron.
141:
136:
121:
91:
74:
66:
49:
454:on the English south coast. 71 Squadron claimed a
2076:Military units and formations established in 1940
912:– American volunteers fighting for Poland in the
426:, was later to be shot as one of the escapees in
1309:The Eagle Squadrons: Yanks in the RAF, 1940–1942
1124:"Pilot Officer (Pilot): Leckrone, Philip Howard"
1096:"Flight Lieutenant (Pilot): Mamedoff, Andrew B."
964:
962:
960:
493:to fight the Japanese and a proposal was put to
2086:United Kingdom–United States military relations
2061:American Royal Air Force pilots of World War II
1232:The Greatest Air Battle: Dieppe, 19 August 1942
867:can be heard in the low brass during the trio.
1419:Sweeny, Charles and Colonel James A. Goodson.
1110:"Flying Officer (Pilot): Tobin, Eugene Quimby"
1489:
8:
999:
997:
995:
371:included bomber escorts and fighter sweeps.
178:(RAF) formed with volunteer pilots from the
1421:Sweeny: The autobiography of Charles Sweeny
1190:War Eagles: The Story of the Eagle Squadron
1147:"Flight Lieutenant: Donahue, Arthur Gerald"
1648:
1555:
1496:
1482:
1474:
784:Tobin was killed in September 1941, age 24
772:Keough was killed in February 1941, age 29
1195:Republished by Eagle Publishing in 1983,
2066:Expatriate military units and formations
689:, Church Fenton, Yorkshire, October 1940
367:1942, its offensive activities over the
314:. In April, the squadron transferred to
1082:"Pilot Officer: Keough, Vernon Charles"
931:
499:
1459:Eagle Squadrons at RAF North Weald, UK
1219:. University of Kentucky Press, 1982.
1003:'Aces High', Shores and Williams, 1994
645:by the second half of March 1944. The
46:
30:For the "Aztec Eagle Squadron" of the
1149:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission.
1126:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission.
1112:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission.
1084:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission.
937:
935:
70:19 September 1940 – 29 September 1942
7:
374:The third and final Eagle Squadron,
1265:Over-Paid, Over-Sexed and Over-Here
1098:Commonwealth War Graves Commission.
1342:Republished by TAB Books in 1992,
1314:Republished by TAB Books in 1992,
942:Mehuron, Tamar A. (October 2007).
801:It is reported that Pilot Officer
763:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
422:taken prisoner, Flight Lieutenant
25:
1311:. Ziff-Davis Flying Books, 1979.
740:All three had served together in
987:http://www.americanairmuseum.com
566:
552:
538:
526:
514:
502:
310:in early 1941, before a move to
125:
107:
96:
79:
55:
2030:RAF strategic bombing offensive
1212:. McMillan & Company, 1942.
61:RAF Eagle Squadron Emblem, 1940
1416:. Hignall Printing Ltd., 1994.
1389:. Mulberry River Press, 1999.
1387:The Lives of an American Eagle
1359:. Classic Publications, 2001.
1210:Tally-Ho! Yankee in a Spitfire
976:. 2 November 1942. p. 37.
722:Vernon Charles "Shorty" Keough
655:Seymour Johnson Air Force Base
430:from Stalag Luft III in 1944.
1:
2035:United States Army Air Forces
1331:. Jason Aronson, Inc., 1982.
1234:. London: Grub Street, 1992.
970:"Eagles Switch to U. S. Army"
586:United States Army Air Forces
419:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses
1505:Air Defence of Great Britain
1267:. Wingham Press Ltd., 1991.
1167:General and cited references
824:time) colonel in the USAAF.
590:Distinguished Flying Crosses
1856:Women's Auxiliary Air Force
1841:Battle of Britain airfields
1448:List of Eagle Squadron Aces
1423:. Harrop Press Ltd., 1990.
1400:Nelson, Kenneth James, CD.
703:Distinguished Service Cross
594:Distinguished Service Order
358:The second Eagle Squadron,
27:World War II military units
2102:
1249:. WPF Publications, 2005.
497:, but it was turned down.
298:The first Eagle Squadron,
29:
734:Eugene Quimby "Red" Tobin
659:Goldsboro, North Carolina
182:during the early days of
54:
38:. For the 1942 film, see
1528:Royal Canadian Air Force
1208:Donahue, Arthur Gerald.
1192:. Windmill Press, 1943.
844:Eagle Squadrons Memorial
756:together, fought in the
533:133 Eagle Squadron crest
521:121 Eagle Squadron crest
220:Clayton Knight Committee
191:Royal Canadian Air Force
1374:. Da Capo Press, 2006.
1188:Childers, James Saxon.
821:Chesley "Pete" Peterson
509:71 Eagle Squadron crest
271:Formation and evolution
1583:Trafford Leigh-Mallory
1030:Tumult in the Clouds:
748:. They had joined the
736:, service number 81622
730:, service number 81621
724:, service number 81620
714:
690:
574:336th Fighter Squadron
560:335th Fighter Squadron
546:334th Fighter Squadron
479:attack on Pearl Harbor
474:
471:334th Fighter Squadron
469:Spitfire Mk Vb of the
438:
295:
239:
1676:Anti-Aircraft Command
1245:Fydenchuk, W. Peter.
1052:Holmes, Tony (2015).
944:"The Eagle Squadrons"
852:Franklin D. Roosevelt
850:opposite a statue of
750:RAF Volunteer Reserve
696:
676:
477:When informed of the
468:
436:
364:RAF Kirton-in-Lindsey
312:RAF Kirton-in-Lindsey
293:
264:Supermarine Spitfires
237:
40:Eagle Squadron (film)
2025:Air Raid Precautions
1851:Royal Observer Corps
1280:Tumult in the Clouds
896:Lafayette Escadrille
864:Star Spangled Banner
754:No. 609 Squadron RAF
742:No. 609 Squadron RAF
699:Dwight D. Eisenhower
661:and are part of the
404:Messerschmitt Bf 109
345:Messerschmitt Bf 109
316:RAF Martlesham Heath
281:U.S. Army Air Forces
156:Supermarine Spitfire
1994:Battle of the Beams
1671:RAF Coastal Command
1666:RAF Balloon Command
1661:RAF Fighter Command
1296:. TAB Books, 1992.
1282:. NAL Trade, 2004.
1263:and Norman Franks.
1177:. Brassey's, 1993.
910:Kościuszko Squadron
709:(left) and Colonel
663:Fifteenth Air Force
495:RAF Fighter Command
170:were three fighter
1681:RAF Bomber Command
1632:Robert Watson-Watt
1543:Big Wing formation
1453:RAF Eagle Squadron
1278:Goodson, James A.
951:Air Force Magazine
728:Andrew B. Mamedoff
715:
691:
651:F-15E Strike Eagle
614:lieutenant colonel
475:
439:
296:
240:
2043:
2042:
1880:Battle of Britain
1864:
1863:
1640:
1639:
1533:Strategic bombing
1327:Haughland, Vern.
1307:Haughland, Vern.
1292:Haughland, Vern.
1261:Goodson, James A.
1215:Dunn, William R.
1173:Caine, Philip D.
1067:978-1-4738-3566-5
1054:"2. Early action"
914:Polish–Soviet War
890:Sino-Japanese War
881:Spanish Civil War
859:Kenneth J. Alford
857:British composer
798:by Alex Kershaw.
776:Flight Lieutenant
758:Battle of Britain
746:RAF Middle Wallop
713:on 11 April 1944.
669:Individual pilots
639:P-47 Thunderbolts
602:flight lieutenant
412:Focke-Wulf Fw 190
327:, being based at
308:RAF Church Fenton
304:Battle of Britain
285:4th Fighter Group
260:Hawker Hurricanes
218:, who formed the
161:
160:
32:Mexican Air Force
16:(Redirected from
2093:
2009:German V weapons
1724:No. 14 Group RAF
1719:No. 13 Group RAF
1714:No. 12 Group RAF
1709:No. 11 Group RAF
1704:No. 10 Group RAF
1649:
1556:
1509:Second World War
1498:
1491:
1484:
1475:
1455:(historic video)
1385:Morris, John T.
1230:Franks, Norman.
1160:
1157:
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1150:
1143:
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1128:
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1032:James A. Goodson
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1022:
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1010:
1004:
1001:
990:
984:
978:
977:
966:
955:
954:
948:
939:
848:Grosvenor Square
831:Donald Blakeslee
789:Phillip Leckrone
711:Donald Blakeslee
647:4th Fighter Wing
582:Eighth Air Force
570:
556:
542:
530:
518:
506:
428:The Great Escape
378:, was formed at
376:No. 133 Squadron
362:, was formed at
360:No. 121 Squadron
277:Eighth Air Force
152:Hawker Hurricane
129:
117:(September 1942)
113:
111:
110:
101:
100:
84:
83:
59:
47:
21:
2101:
2100:
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2056:Eagle Squadrons
2046:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2013:
1989:Barrage balloon
1977:
1926:
1873:
1871:
1860:
1846:Eagle Squadrons
1829:
1756:
1728:
1699:No. 9 Group RAF
1685:
1636:
1615:
1597:
1547:
1523:Royal Air Force
1511:
1502:
1439:
1434:
1370:Kershaw, Alex.
1169:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1145:
1144:
1140:
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967:
958:
946:
941:
940:
933:
928:
923:
873:
840:
679:Andrew Mamedoff
671:
604:became a USAAF
576:
571:
562:
557:
548:
543:
534:
531:
522:
519:
510:
507:
448:RAF Biggin Hill
424:Gordon Brettell
388:RAF Biggin Hill
369:English Channel
341:William R. Dunn
334:Stalag Luft III
329:RAF North Weald
325:Fighter Command
300:No. 71 Squadron
283:and became the
273:
232:
214:and the artist
176:Royal Air Force
168:Eagle Squadrons
164:
154:
150:
131:Royal Air Force
108:
106:
105:
95:
78:
62:
50:Eagle Squadrons
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1645:Organisation
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1568:Hugh Dowding
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184:World War II
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148:Miles Master
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1938:Beaufighter
1834:Other units
1747:II AA Corps
1627:R. V. Jones
1507:during the
1410:& Bar,
916:(1919–1921)
900:World War I
892:(1937–1945)
814:Don Gentile
803:Art Donahue
707:Don Gentile
705:to Captain
701:awards the
623:Carl Spaatz
443:Dieppe Raid
384:RAF Duxford
321:No 11 Group
2050:Categories
2003:Chain Home
1982:Technology
1919:Operation
1911:Operation
1903:Operation
1895:Operation
1872:operations
1742:I AA Corps
1620:Scientists
1588:Keith Park
1288:0451211987
921:References
608:, while a
258:trainers,
195:Winter War
92:Allegiance
1948:Hurricane
1897:Steinbock
1885:The Blitz
926:Citations
653:units at
612:became a
491:Singapore
406:G-1 over
392:Luftwaffe
172:squadrons
1963:Spitfire
1958:Mosquito
1931:Aircraft
1905:Crossbow
1734:AA Corps
1653:Commands
1516:Overview
1414:(France)
871:See also
819:Colonel
812:Captain
765:(CWGC):
697:General
592:and one
250:Once in
230:Training
1973:Typhoon
1968:Tempest
1943:Defiant
1412:C.de G.
1372:The Few
838:Honours
828:Colonel
796:The Few
606:captain
584:of the
398:of 11./
347:F over
279:of the
252:Britain
209:air ace
174:of the
143:Fighter
75:Country
1953:Meteor
1921:Gisela
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452:Lympne
353:Debden
262:, and
122:Branch
112:
67:Active
34:, see
1999:Radar
1913:Diver
947:(PDF)
744:, at
635:336th
631:335th
627:334th
456:Ju 88
416:USAAF
349:Lille
1603:Army
1425:ISBN
1391:ISBN
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1344:ISBN
1333:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1298:ISBN
1284:ISBN
1269:ISBN
1251:ISBN
1236:ISBN
1221:ISBN
1197:ISBN
1179:ISBN
1062:ISBN
974:Life
842:The
685:and
633:and
441:The
400:JG 2
166:The
1560:RAF
1408:DFM
1404:OBE
806:DFC
657:in
450:to
338:P/O
323:of
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2005:)
2001:(
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