2026:
lowest GDP at approximately US$ 3 billion, more than 100 billion less than Kenya's GDP (US$ 115 billion). This discrepancy in wealth has impeded the less wealthy nations from conforming with some of the standards set for the EAC. For instance, South Sudan took four years to accede to the EAC and still fails to meet many of the criteria set for the
Community. The South Sudanese president has asked for aid from fellow member countries to meet these standards, citing a lack of staffing at customs, immigration, and revenue/tax collection as the main source for failure to meet the standards of the EAC integration process. Member nations have not been quick to help; nations such as Kenya and Uganda are still charging visa fees on South Sudanese citizens, something EAC countries are supposed to be exempt from as part of the Customs Union.
1761:, is the current phase of the EAC. The theoretical common market is defined by the treaty as a "single market in which there is free movement of capital, labour, goods and services." This involves the harmonization of monetary and fiscal policy including convertibility of currency, exchange rate policy, and interest rate policy. Integration and standardization in these facets of the economy under a common market makes the area more economically appealing to a multinational corporation looking to operate in the region. Rather than navigating each member states' tax and fiscal policies, they would be dealing with one unified set of rules, leading to lower operating costs in the region. Following the customs union and common market, the EAC treaty states there is to be a
771:
98:
2017:
metric system, Kenya and
Tanzania boast the highest Freedom scores of the eight nations and still only rank as partly free. Censorship of media outlets, restriction of voter rights, ballot fraud, and more instances of voter repression are present in all states. Merging nations with such corruption and anti-democratic establishments could pose a humanitarian crisis for the populations who could suffer from decreased freedoms and make cooperation amongst the different governing powers more difficult. A survey conducted in Tanzania revealed that 38% of respondents believed that the Union of EAC would make political corruption worse, while only 33% thought it would lessen political corruption.
51:
850:
1994:. Surveying in May 2015 in Uganda found that 69% support free movement across borders in the region. In Burundi, 64% supported free movement among the region. A combined 56% of Ugandans thought the EAC "helps a lot", "helps somewhat", or "helps a little" in their country. 71% of Kenyans thought the EAC helps in some capacity while 57% of Tanzanians thought the EAC helps in some capacity. Outside of these countries, little polling has been done. A possible indicator of Congolese support however is the 31 October protests in Goma demanding that the DRC leave the EAC due to Rwanda's support of the M23.
1982:
joint parliament and 77% have heard nothing or a little about a single East
African president. 70% of Tanzanians in 2012 approved of free movement of people, goods, and services, 55% approved the customs union and 54% approved of the proposed monetary union. On all three issues, share of people answering "Don't Know" has more than halved since 2008 indicating higher rates of civic engagement on EAC issues. Approval of a joint army went from 26% in 2008 to 38% in 2012, with the majority (53%) still disapproving. 32% support the formation of a unitary government, while 59% disapprove.
6242:
2137:
214:
63:
6203:
898:, plans on holding consultations in every member state to lead with local stakeholders of the county governments, private sector, civil society, political leaders, clergy, and academia. This was launched with a five-day consultation meeting in Burundi from 14 to 18 January 2020, where it announced that a confederation constitution would be drafted by the end of 2021, with establishment by 2023. This was delayed by the accession of the DRC and the Covid-19 Pandemic. In April 2021, consultations were held in Uganda.
1990:. Support for federalization stood at 44%, with 50% disapproving. 66% of people with post-Secondary education however disapproved. Those with no formal education were the most likely to approve. 52% approved free movement of people, goods, and services while 49% approved a monetary union. Awareness of EAC Organs in Kenya is low; 43% had heard nothing of the EALA, with only 29% hearing "some" or "a great deal". 47% of Kenyans said that their EALA representatives should be elected directly instead of elected by the
2263:
1212:
1223:
6266:
2195:
274:
6180:
6170:
5356:
6278:
2213:
289:
6230:
2249:
2107:
259:
199:
6191:
6290:
2227:
2177:
304:
244:
6254:
2155:
229:
1793:
1282:
627:. The idea of this federation has existed since the early 1960s but has not yet come to fruition for several reasons. In September 2018, a committee was formed to begin the process of drafting a regional constitution, and a draft constitution for the confederation was set to be written by the end of 2021 with its implementation by 2023. However, the
1271:
2025:
While the union of these nations is recognized as economically advantageous, the mechanics of conforming to the EAC's standards has posed economic issues for some countries seeking to join the EAC. The economic prosperity of the nations attempting to join here varies greatly, with
Burundi holding the
1981:
Support and awareness of EAC organs and federation plans remains low in member states. Surveying of
Tanzania in 2012 revealed that only 45% of Tanzanians have heard somewhat or a lot about an East African Federation while 55% have heard nothing or a little. 75% have heard nothing or a little about a
1778:
The population of the constituent parts of the theoretical EAC is composed of 65% under 30-year-olds. This youth bulge is anticipated to grow to 75% of the population under the age of 25 in this region by 2030. Compared to the global percentage of the population that falls under the age of 25, which
840:
It is speculated that colonial powers in Kenya, and the other nations joining the
Federation, were incentivized to block the Federation even after these countries achieved decolonization. For Instance, in 1965, when the Federation initially fell through, Britain required Kenya that all facets of the
817:
Privately, Kenyatta was more reluctant regarding the arrangement and as 1964 came around, the federation had not come to pass. In May 1964, Kenyatta rejected a back-benchers resolution calling for speedier federation. He publicly stated that talk of a federation had always been a ruse to hasten the
634:
The East
African Federation has not yet been established, but many steps have been taken to advance this eventual goal. Institutions and governing bodies already exist for the eventual union of these nations, with representatives from all of the related nations working together towards this common
2016:
to win his fourth term. In contrast, other member countries like Kenya host multi-party elections where the election is not as heavily corrupted. An even more significant concern for this Union is the unilateral lack of free governance throughout the eight nations. According to the
Freedom House
2002:
While the grouping of nations has adopted
Swahili as their national language, there is a great deal of ethnolinguistic diversity within these groups. Different regional dialects and entirely different languages are spoken within the nations themselves, joining, even more so when compared to one
947:
affirmed his commitment to regional integration saying that the east
African people are one people and economic integration is a key goal for the region to achieve so as to unlock its potential. In April 2023, Secretary General Peter Mathuki suggested the EAC should consider admitting Ethiopia
968:
joining the EAC while signing an agreement for deeper bilateral cooperation between Kenya and Comoros in July 2023. Comoros and existing member Tanzania have a maritime border. Such additional accessions would likely delay the drafting of the Confederation's constitution and further delay the
818:
pace of Kenyan independence from Britain, but Nyerere denied the truth of this statement. Around the same time, Obote came out against an East African Federation, instead supporting pan-African unity, partly because of domestic political pressures with the semi-autonomous kingdom of
2507:
1765:
under a single currency, with full federalization following. This would further induce internal trade and simplify outside economic investment. These economic advantages have been cited as a rationale for global powers such as the US not opposing the federalization of the EAC.
4203:
813:
in Nairobi. The trio discussed the possibility of merging their three nations (plus Zanzibar) into a single East African Federation, declaring that this would be accomplished by the end of the year. Subsequently, discussions on the planning for such a union were initiated.
708:
was slated for 2023. However, due to Covid-19 and the admission of new member states such as the DRC and Somalia, the date for the implementation of the monetary union has been pushed back to 2031. This would involve the creation of an East African Central Bank, called the
935:
applied for membership in the EAC in March 2012, and acceded in December 2023. Somalia ratified the agreement on 4 March 2024, thus becoming the eighth member of the EAC. As of 7 June 2024, Somalia is preparing to integrate into both the Customs Union and Common Market.
2003:
another. Tanzania achieved an ethnolinguistic score of 0.93 out of 1 by one study, ranking the highest out of 81 countries. Integrating a region where so many regional dialects are spoken will be difficult and could inhibit some of the economic benefits of the EAC.
1769:
A survey conducted in Tanzania revealed that a majority of respondents thought that the union of the EAC would lead to better trading opportunities in the region, and a majority also responded that the union would provide better job availability in the region.
928:
On 9 May 2023, the drafting process resumed with a 20-day consultation with local stakeholders in Kenya. Salva Kiir disclosed on 7 June 2024 that consultations would be held in South Sudan in July 2024 and urged expediting the founding of the confederation.
841:
settler economy be protected against neighboring countries (those attempting to conjoin with Kenya for the Federation). This posed a barrier to entry for Kenya and was one of several factors that prevented the Federation from unionizing in the 1960s.
1779:
sits at 42% currently, this reflects the youth and opportunity of this region. Providing opportunities through the economically advantageous East African Community is paramount for the region and has been expressed as a driving force for the union.
901:
In April 2020, Yoweri Museveni restated his desire for the culmination of the East African Federation in an address to the nation, reinforcing his stance that the East African Federation could provide political and economic benefits for the region.
740:
is the current Secretary General of the EAC, having been appointed on 7 June 2024 following Kenya's recall of former EAC Secretary-General Peter Mathuki for alleged misallocation of $ 6 million in funds from the Peace Fund at the Secretariat.
1113:
The East African Rift is the largest seismically active rift system on Earth today. This would make the EAF subject to many large earthquakes and volcanic activity. The EAF would include a number of active and dormant volcanoes, among them:
2596:
97:
1985:
Surveying in Kenya in 2021 revealed that only 34% of Kenyans had heard some or a great deal on the proposed East African Federation, a 9 point rise from 2008. Awareness is higher amongst men, the elderly, the wealthy, and those with
4195:
2011:
These countries also vary greatly in terms of the adoption of democracy. Rwanda practically has closed elections with Paul Kagame having served as the president for the past 24 years and garnering over 99% of the vote in the
886:
described the union as "the number one target that we should aim at". In November 2016, the EAC Council of Ministers agreed to create an East African Confederation before the East African Federation is eventually created.
6016:
2691:
2894:
2724:
3471:
857:
In the early 2010s, a federation of the current East African Community into a single state began to be discussed, with early estimates of the founding of the federation in 2013. In 2010, the EAC launched
890:
In September 2018, a committee of regional constitutional experts and drafters was formed to begin the process of drafting a regional constitution. The committee, led by retired Ugandan Chief Justice
713:. Currently, the location of Eami has not yet been decided. The GDP (PPP) estimate would be US$ 1,027.067 billion, making it the 34th largest in the world and the third largest in Africa, following
2565:
3532:
4602:
3433:
4880:
4271:
1153:
Somalia, Kenya, and Tanzania have a combined coastline of 4,985 kilometers on the Indian Ocean. If Somalia were to stabilize, the geography would be pertinent to an expansive port operation.
913:
stated the DRC joined the EAC “for regional integration and economic reasons, but also to better plead the Congo’s security cause, where Rwanda is making its voice heard,” referencing the
5989:
798:
even offered in 1960 to delay the imminent independence of Tanganyika (due in 1961) in order for all of the East African territories to achieve independence together as a federation.
2781:
5199:
4818:
909:, and has yet to align its legal instruments with the EAC as per the treaty. Additionally, EAC insiders have stated that the DRC rarely takes part in meetings. DRC Foreign Minister
2535:
4303:
4885:
3278:
6004:
905:
On 8 April 2022, the DRC officially acceded into the EAC and on 11 July 2022, DRC officially became a member. Since its accession, the DRC has failed to remit any money, owing
2996:
5102:
1753:
The Treaty for the Establishment of an East African Community created four key goals of the community, later referred to as the "integration pillars". The first pillar is a
631:
disrupted plans to draft and implement a constitution. On 9 May 2023, the drafting of the constitution resumed with a 20-day consultation with local stakeholders in Kenya.
5179:
5020:
4936:
4931:
3369:
5138:
5087:
2754:
1048:, which affect weather across large areas of East Africa. The east to west river valleys within the rift system, including the Turkana Channel in northern Kenya and the
2681:
879:
intending to draft a constitution for the East African Federation, but by December 2014, efforts for a full political federation had been pushed back to 2016 or later.
655:. With a population of 343,328,958 as of 2024, it would also be the most populous nation in Africa and third in the world. Its population would be greater than that of
4813:
398:
2957:
2886:
5174:
2387:
2714:
977:
At 5,449,717 km (2,104,147 sq mi)—including both the DRC and Somaliland—the EAF would be the largest country in Africa and seventh-largest in the world, replacing
4088:
3455:
6325:
1713:
The EAC contains 15 cities with populations of over one million (half of which are in Democratic Republic of the Congo alone), the largest being Kinshasa.
4982:
4635:
3725:
5025:
3932:
Munday, Callum; Savage, Nicholas; Jones, Richard G.; Washington, Richard (2023). "Valley formation aridifies East Africa and elevates Congo Basin rainfall".
5934:
5279:
5005:
4926:
4921:
3078:
2168:
1012:, mostly split between the DRC and Tanzania, is the third largest body of freshwater in the world. Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika comprise part of the
5035:
369:
4592:
3423:
1679:
943:
proposed expanding the EAC to include Ethiopia in 2022. Speaking at the opening of the One Stop Border post in Moyale in 2020, Ethiopian Prime Minister
643:
At 5,449,717 km (2,104,147 sq mi), the East African Federation (EAF) would be the largest country in Africa and seventh-largest in the world, replacing
3218:
921:
reports to have been militarily supported by both Uganda and Rwanda. The DRC recalled its ambassador to Kenya in December 2023 due to Kenyan President
5974:
4959:
4383:
3524:
5392:
3699:
2917:
4238:"East African Federation: Tanzanian Awareness of Economic and Political Integration Remains Poor, But There Is Growing Support for Political Links"
3248:
50:
5222:
5030:
4741:
3051:
3775:
2341:
Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Somalia and South Sudan drive on the right. Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda drive on the left.
770:
62:
6010:
5169:
4875:
953:
4564:
4024:
2416:
5888:
4992:
4974:
4838:
4801:
3137:
729:
103:
5204:
794:
were gaining independence from the United Kingdom, the political leaders of the four nations had become interested in forming a federation.
5969:
5193:
4954:
4137:
1198:
1184:
4504:
2539:
5289:
5284:
5015:
5010:
4843:
4534:
1106:. The Lobito Corridor project, with $ 250 million in U.S. financial investment, would construct around 550 km (350 miles) of railway in
4441:
6330:
6125:
5939:
4848:
4054:
3286:
1044:
in Kenya, amongst many smaller but still significant lakes. The lakes are a source of water vapour, and also lead to the formation of
478:
3830:
1647:"Africa: Population Statistics in Maps and Charts for Cities, Agglomerations and Administrative Divisions of all Countries in Africa"
6320:
5999:
4689:
4670:
4058:
3564:
3164:
1848:
948:
following Somalia's accession. On 8 April 2024, Ministry of EAC Arid and Semi-arid Lands and Regional Development Cabinet Secretary
323:
88:
1803:
5184:
5117:
5107:
5043:
4903:
3659:
2142:
1608:
1588:
1550:
1532:
1474:
1456:
1436:
1418:
1360:
1243:
952:
claimed the EAC and Ethiopia were in the final stages of negotiation for admission into the bloc. This was later contradicted by
762:, which oversaw Tanganyika (a mandated territory), opposed Amery's plan. The plan was opposed by nonwhite populations in Africa.
600:
219:
6079:
5259:
3856:
2746:
736:, the Minister for East African Community Affairs in South Sudan, is the current Chairperson of the EAC Council of Ministers.
5112:
4830:
3685:
3645:
3103:
2982:
2942:
2809:
2294:
2185:: Protestant 57.7% (includes Adventist 12.6%), Roman Catholic 38.2%, Muslim 2.1%, none 1.1%, other 1% (includes traditional,
960:
said that Ethiopia had made no request to join the EAC and that "the information is baseless." In addition, Kenyan President
440:
175:
3400:
3335:
3309:
710:
4627:
849:
6150:
5979:
5908:
5336:
5164:
5152:
4895:
4807:
2067:
2013:
759:
6220:
2377:
5964:
5949:
5385:
5251:
5214:
5189:
5000:
4853:
4758:
3361:
868:
was approved for membership of the EAC in March 2016, and acceded in September 2016. South Sudan acceded as the ongoing
721:. The GDP (PPP) per capita estimate is approximately US$ 2,991, putting the East African Federation 172nd in the world.
538:
6310:
6094:
5227:
4964:
4863:
4734:
4474:
2864:
2803:
5628:
1830:
826:
4080:
1008:, currently split between Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya, is the second largest body of freshwater in the world, while
5903:
5274:
5079:
4786:
3729:
520:
4272:"Integrating states or integrating people? Kenyans have not heard much about the proposed East African Federation"
1826:
5959:
5924:
5232:
3501:
2834:
2634:
Ikuya, James Magode (December 2017). "Why the Current Clamor for East African Federation Cannot Produce Unity".
6115:
5864:
5769:
5693:
5533:
5269:
4913:
4771:
4196:"President Uhuru Kenyatta calls for greater participation of youth in Africa in political and economic affairs"
4165:
2304:
869:
4237:
822:'s opposition to being in an East African federation as part of Uganda but rather as a unit in its own right.
3619:
2782:"National consultations for Drafting the Constitution for the EAC Political Confederation concludes in Kenya"
1067:
and the Kenyan Highlands are hotspots of higher rainfall amid the semi-arid to arid lowlands of East Africa.
6173:
6145:
6140:
5984:
5944:
5678:
5573:
5519:
5378:
5331:
5069:
3226:
1091:
993:
would be the most populous city within the current member states by city limits and metropolitan area, with
496:
422:
2442:
2221:: Christian 63.1%, Muslim 34.1%, folk religion 1.1%, other 0.1%, unaffiliated 1.6% (2020 Pew research est.)
5954:
5593:
5442:
5359:
5326:
5237:
4946:
4791:
4727:
4375:
4199:
4031:
3428:
3055:
2786:
2186:
2035:
1738:
859:
787:
783:
698:
588:
458:
416:
341:
182:
150:
3256:
6195:
5859:
5092:
5064:
3463:
2659:
1139:
791:
2171:
7%, other Christian 4.1%), Muslim 10.9%, other 1.8%, none 1.6%, don't know/no answer 0.2% (2019 census)
1757:, introduced in 2005, which in theory allows for free trade within the community. The second pillar, a
1056:. This leaves East Africa drier than it otherwise would be, and also supports the high rainfall in the
2997:"East African Community continues on a trajectory of expansion as Summit admits Somalia into the bloc"
6315:
6041:
5994:
5724:
5648:
5613:
5059:
3996:
3941:
3896:
1033:
910:
862:
within the region, with the goal of a common currency by 2013 and full political federation in 2015.
1816:
737:
6084:
6058:
5779:
5422:
4556:
4328:
2409:
1064:
1013:
758:
sought to create a white-ruled East African Dominion composed of Kenya, Uganda and Tanganyika. The
725:
592:
526:
3803:
3129:
6110:
6089:
5814:
5764:
5739:
5729:
5714:
5668:
5653:
5310:
4357:
3965:
3914:
3679:
3639:
3097:
2976:
2936:
2651:
2588:
1987:
957:
5734:
4496:
1110:
along the Zambia-DRC border, with feeder roads connecting DRC copper mines to the new railway.
697:, a city in Tanzania close to the Kenyan border, which is also the current headquarters of the
6047:
5578:
5563:
5506:
5447:
5427:
5097:
4796:
4685:
4666:
4349:
4304:"Regional integration for Africa: Could stronger public support turn 'rhetoric into reality'?"
3957:
3160:
3154:
3133:
2382:
2203:: Christianity 60.5%, Islam 6.2%, Folk religions 32.9%, Others 0.5%. (2020 Pew research est.)
1991:
1115:
1087:
1017:
914:
628:
4526:
6063:
5839:
5774:
5754:
5749:
5568:
5437:
4776:
4708:
4433:
4341:
4004:
3949:
3904:
3780:
3125:
2643:
2580:
1147:
1135:
686:
573:
530:
155:
143:
135:
36:
3362:"Ahead of election, Museveni says he wants to build East African superstate #UgandaDecides"
1222:
1211:
1070:
The eastern region of the DRC has plentiful mining operations, in particular the mining of
6282:
6270:
6183:
5874:
5854:
5784:
5618:
5583:
5488:
4597:
3861:
2719:
2686:
2116:
1131:
1009:
949:
883:
584:
139:
5603:
4000:
3945:
3900:
1680:"2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County"
917:, a successionist militia operating in the Eastern DRC which has been found by multiple
875:
On 14 October 2013, the leaders of Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda and Burundi began a meeting in
6234:
6155:
6120:
5869:
5829:
5819:
5688:
5683:
5673:
5663:
5598:
5558:
5467:
5401:
4781:
4766:
3726:"Kenya's Uhuru & Ethiopia's Abiy Open Moyale One-Stop Border Post – Taarifa Rwanda"
2299:
2164:
1812:
1762:
1123:
1053:
986:
940:
918:
891:
806:
795:
733:
705:
652:
6265:
2271:: Christianity 79.80%, Islam 15.97%, Folk religions 2.48%, Unaffiliated 1.49%, Other (
6304:
6294:
6207:
6053:
5929:
5849:
5844:
5824:
5804:
5789:
5744:
5658:
5643:
5623:
5608:
5588:
5263:
4750:
4311:
4279:
4245:
3969:
3918:
2592:
2289:
2120:
1808:
1758:
1754:
1718:
1298:
1227:
1005:
994:
802:
779:
690:
676:
3885:"African Low-Level Jets and Their Importance for Water Vapor Transport and Rainfall"
2655:
106:
of the world, highlighting the proposed East African Federation's territory (green).
6258:
5834:
5759:
5548:
5432:
4406:
3569:
3310:"Uganda hosts meeting of experts to fast-track political federation of East Africa"
1041:
982:
961:
922:
825:
By late 1964, the prospects for a wider East African federation had died, although
810:
648:
6021:
5499:
3392:
701:. Currently, 22% of the population within these territories lives in urban areas.
4682:
African Political Leadership: Jomo Kenyatta, Kwame Nkrumah, and Julius K. Nyerere
3592:
3467:
3339:
3313:
2663:
5709:
5633:
5493:
3219:"The Benefits of the East Africa Federation to the Youth. The African Executive"
2236:
2200:
2146:
1143:
1119:
1090:. Currently, the copper is majority exported via road with the exception of the
1057:
1029:
865:
616:
279:
6190:
3953:
3456:"Towards an East African Federation: Realising Mwalimu Julius Nyerere's vision"
1052:
river valley, concentrate low-level easterly winds and accelerate them towards
6246:
5809:
5719:
5305:
4712:
3751:
2647:
2584:
2329:
2243:.3%), Roman Catholic 39.3%, Muslim 13.7%, other 1.6%, none 0.2%. (2014 census)
1450:
1412:
1281:
1083:
1060:
1045:
1037:
944:
581:
4353:
4009:
3985:"Deep Convection over Africa: Annual Cycle, ENSO, and Trends in the Hotspots"
3984:
2239:
32.0%, Pentecostal/Born Again/Evangelical 11.1%, Seventh-day Adventist 1.7%,
1074:. The mining sector of the EAC contributes around 2.3% of national GDP, with
5799:
5794:
5638:
5462:
5457:
5452:
4345:
3393:"East Africa: Finally, East African Nations Agree to Disagree on Federation"
2124:
1602:
1488:
1392:
1079:
1025:
895:
755:
672:
4466:
3961:
3021:
2856:
4109:
2682:"Ready for a United States of East Africa? The wheels are already turning"
2475:
5553:
4411:
3909:
3884:
2276:
2272:
2240:
2218:
2149:
2.8%, Muslim 1.3%, none 1.3%, other 1.2%, unspecified .2% (2014 CIA est.)
2091:
2087:
1958:
1626:
1512:
1506:
1430:
1304:
1261:
1237:
1216:
1127:
990:
834:
830:
620:
294:
125:
3052:"New EAC Secretary General sworn in at State House in Juba, South Sudan"
6135:
4361:
3831:"Ethiopia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs Refutes Reports of Joining EAC"
3565:"Dealing with DRC, seeming reluctant partner of East African Community"
2443:"East African Community to add Kiswahili, French as official languages"
2254:
2112:
2071:
1714:
1646:
1564:
1526:
1494:
1398:
1374:
1336:
1286:
1275:
1103:
1049:
998:
965:
932:
876:
819:
714:
612:
596:
264:
204:
162:
6017:
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
3493:
2958:"Kenya sells a political solution to bloc's row on monetary institute"
2826:
2566:"THE POLITICS OF REGIONALISM AND FEDERATION IN EAST AFRICA, 1958–1964"
5513:
5472:
2232:
2182:
1914:
1726:
1722:
1693:
1380:
1354:
1322:
1316:
1255:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1071:
1024:
zone that bisects Tanzania, Kenya, and Ethiopia. These lakes include
694:
668:
664:
656:
624:
608:
309:
249:
115:
4302:
Olapade, Markus; Selormey, Edem E.; Gninafon, Horace (25 May 2016).
2145:: Other Christian 36.5%, Roman Catholic 29.9%, Protestantism 26.7%,
1833:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
2100:
Data comes from CIA World Factbook or 2020 Pew Research estimates.
5122:
2160:
2128:
1936:
1620:
1582:
1570:
1468:
1342:
978:
848:
769:
732:, serves as the East African Communities lead Summit Chairperson.
718:
680:
660:
644:
604:
234:
5370:
4699:
Kyle, Keith (1997). "The Politics of the Independence of Kenya".
3983:
Washington, Richard; Hart, Neil C. G.; Maidment, Ross I. (2019).
3753:
Ethiopia PM Abiy Ahmed speech at the new Lamu Port in Lamu County
2918:""EAC to revise economic targets to attain monetary union dream""
1665:
4719:
4138:"The Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community"
1544:
1082:
in the fourth quarter of 2023. In the southeastern DRC lies the
1075:
1021:
5374:
4723:
4055:"The Lobito Corridor: Building Africa's Most Important Railway"
1270:
3700:"Kenyatta's EAC agenda: Admit more countries to regional bloc"
3597:
3336:"East Africa: Further Delays for the EAC Political Federation"
1786:
4081:"State of Eight: Challenges Facing the East Africa Community"
28:
4166:"Tanzania Round 5 summary of results (2012) | Afrobarometer"
4025:"EAC Quarterly Statistics Bulletin: October – December 2023"
3776:"Peter Mathuki: Why we want Addis to join EAC after Somalia"
3424:"EAC must raise $ 3.5m to keep confederation plan on course"
3156:
The Lion's Share: A History of British Imperialism 1850–2011
2410:"TREATY FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY"
3857:"Ruto woos Comoros to join EAC in quest for expanded bloc"
4593:"South Sudan struggles to meet the EAC integration rules"
3120:
Pedersen, Susan (2015). "The Struggle over Sovereignty".
5990:
Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa
4329:"Africa's Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions"
3883:
Munday, Callum; Washington, Richard; Hart, Neil (2021).
3593:"Two armies accused of backing DR Congo's feared rebels"
3200:
3198:
3196:
1165:
Largest population centres of the East African Community
3525:"DRC now officially a member of East African Community"
2675:
2673:
2257:: Islam 99.8%, Other or Unaffiliated 0.2% (2022 census)
1822:
3660:"Somalia Deposits Ratification Instrument With EAC SG"
2887:"East African trade bloc approves monetary union deal"
2538:. Sundayvision.co.ug. 28 November 2004. Archived from
1721:, the second largest freshwater lake in the world and
6218:
2747:"East African Federation Looks Set for Further Delay"
2163:: Christian 85.5% (Protestant 33.4%, Catholic 20.6%,
1004:
The EAF would have significant fresh water reserves.
554:
6005:
Popular and Social League of the Great Sahara Tribes
4497:"Tanzania: Freedom in the World 2022 Country Report"
4407:"Rwanda's president smashes his own election record"
4143:. East African Legislative Assembly. 20 August 2007
2530:
2528:
1078:
being the second highest exported product following
925:
denial of Rwandan involvement in the M23 offensive.
833:
did form a union in April 1964, eventually becoming
6103:
6072:
6034:
5917:
5896:
5887:
5702:
5541:
5532:
5481:
5415:
5408:
5319:
5298:
5250:
5213:
5151:
5131:
5078:
5052:
4991:
4973:
4945:
4912:
4894:
4862:
4829:
4757:
2715:"Regional experts draft confederation constitution"
2378:"Swahili to become East Africa's official language"
1169:
According to the most recent Censuses and Estimates
537:
515:
495:
485:
471:
457:
447:
433:
415:
405:
391:
386:
376:
368:
5,449,717 km (2,104,147 sq mi) (
362:
357:
338:
329:
319:
181:
171:
161:
149:
131:
121:
111:
23:
4527:"Rwanda: Freedom in the World 2022 Country Report"
4327:
4079:Kambale, Pascal; Ochieng, Beverly (4 April 2024).
2207:: Last conducted census is a 2008 Sudanese census.
1666:"2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Results"
5139:Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
4434:"Kenya: Freedom in the World 2022 Country Report"
4326:Easterly, William; Levine, Ross (November 1997).
4087:(podcast). Interviewed by Mvemba Phezo Dizolele.
3591:Fleming, Lucy; Bikorimana, Didier (9 July 2024).
4684:. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company.
4622:
4620:
4557:"GDP (current US$ ) – Sub-Saharan Africa | Data"
4270:Kaburu, Mercy; Logan, Carolyn (23 August 2022).
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
894:and deputized by former Kenyan Attorney General
5180:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
4297:
4295:
4293:
4291:
1001:second by population in the metropolitan area.
989:, with a population of 343,328,958 as of 2024.
4089:Center for Strategic and International Studies
2445:. Xinhuanet. Xinhua News Agency. 28 April 2022
2371:
2369:
2367:
2350:Survey does not include option for "EAC harms"
2131:3.4%, other 1.3%, none 1.3% (2016-17 CIA est.)
5386:
4735:
4628:"Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050"
4265:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4221:
3563:Anami, Luke; Ilunga, Patrick (22 June 2024).
2559:
2557:
2508:"World Economic Outlook database: April 2024"
1063:. Regions of higher elevation, including the
853:Proposed East African Federation in the 2010s
774:Proposed East African Federation in the 1960s
8:
5175:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
3249:"FACTBOX: East African common market begins"
2324:
2322:
2320:
997:second by population within city limits and
981:. The EAF would span the continent from the
3804:"Ethiopia set to join EAC, CS Malonza says"
3784:(Interview). Interviewed by Jackson Mutinda
5893:
5538:
5412:
5393:
5379:
5371:
5157:
4983:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
4868:
4742:
4728:
4720:
2036:East African Community § Demographics
1865:
704:According to a 2013 published report, the
20:
5975:Organisation of African Trade Union Unity
4008:
3908:
3130:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199570485.003.0010
1849:Learn how and when to remove this message
587:consisting of the eight member states of
5935:All-African People's Revolutionary Party
3183:
3115:
3113:
2680:Havyarimana, Moses (29 September 2018).
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
1739:East African Community § EAC Organs
6225:
5694:I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson
4461:
4459:
3225:. The African Executive. Archived from
2363:
2316:
2279:, etc.) 0.27%. (2020 Pew Research est.)
1862:Support and Awareness of Federalization
1717:is the largest urban centre located on
1638:
647:. It would span the continent from the
484:
456:
446:
414:
404:
385:
375:
356:
328:
193:
130:
120:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4376:"Rwanda: Politically Closed Elections"
4190:
4188:
4186:
4160:
4158:
4053:Ellington, Arnold (15 February 2024).
3677:
3637:
3535:from the original on 13 September 2022
3204:
3179:
3095:
2974:
2934:
2821:
2819:
2801:
2713:Havyarimana, Moses (18 January 2020).
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2390:from the original on 28 September 2020
969:implementation of the monetary union.
711:East African Monetary Institute (Eami)
5132:Specialised agencies and institutions
4638:from the original on 21 December 2019
4477:from the original on 20 December 2020
4405:Kupemba, Danai Nesta (18 July 2024).
4386:from the original on 22 February 2019
4132:
4130:
4110:"Pillars of EAC Regional Integration"
3391:Ubwani, Zephania (30 November 2016).
3046:
3044:
3042:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
954:Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
470:
432:
390:
361:
337:
333:
7:
6326:Proposed international organizations
5970:International African Service Bureau
4881:Permanent Representatives' Committee
4206:from the original on 2 February 2023
3504:from the original on 1 November 2022
3372:from the original on 23 October 2016
3187:
2897:from the original on 2 February 2023
2867:from the original on 1 November 2022
2837:from the original on 1 November 2022
2694:from the original on 29 January 2021
2602:from the original on 2 February 2023
1664:Trizer, Mwanyika (4 November 2019).
882:In February 2016, Ugandan President
801:In June 1963, Kenyan Prime Minister
778:In the early 1960s, around the time
6011:Rassemblement DĂ©mocratique Africain
5290:Single African Air Transport Market
5285:African Continental Free Trade Area
3474:from the original on 2 January 2023
3403:from the original on 21 August 2017
2916:Owino, Vincent (22 November 2023).
2757:from the original on 15 August 2022
2376:Olukya, Godfrey (25 October 2013).
2006:
5940:All-African Trade Union Federation
4663:Kenyatta and the Politics of Kenya
4605:from the original on 30 April 2022
4537:from the original on 29 April 2022
4507:from the original on 29 April 2022
4444:from the original on 29 April 2022
4334:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
3620:"Somalia Applies To Join EAC Bloc"
3436:from the original on 12 April 2022
3338:. 20 December 2014. Archived from
3312:. SudanTribune.com. Archived from
2127:2.7% and other Protestant 32.6%),
805:met with the Tanganyika President
14:
6000:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
4059:United States Chamber of Commerce
3728:. 9 December 2020. Archived from
3308:Sudan Tribune (15 October 2013).
2727:from the original on 6 March 2020
1998:Ethnic and linguistic differences
1867:EAC Helpfulness (2014-15 Survey)
754:In the 1920s, Colonial Secretary
689:has been proposed as an official
89:Wimbo wa Jumuiya Afrika Mashariki
6288:
6276:
6264:
6252:
6240:
6228:
6201:
6189:
6179:
6178:
6169:
6168:
5355:
5354:
5205:African Union–Ethiopia relations
4886:Specialized Technical Committees
4567:from the original on 23 May 2022
3829:Barden, Andrew (12 April 2024).
3217:Shikwati, James (14 June 2006).
2956:Anami, Luke (11 December 2023).
2422:from the original on 15 May 2022
2261:
2247:
2225:
2211:
2193:
2175:
2153:
2143:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2135:
2105:
1791:
1609:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1589:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1551:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1533:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1475:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1457:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1437:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1419:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1361:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1280:
1269:
1244:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1221:
1210:
601:Democratic Republic of the Congo
302:
287:
272:
257:
242:
227:
212:
197:
96:
61:
49:
6126:All-African Peoples' Conference
3774:Mathuki, Peter (1 April 2023).
3422:Ubwani, Zephania (6 May 2021).
3279:"South Sudan admitted into EAC"
1815:directly to make claims about "
679:, and be behind only India and
3855:Aggrey Mutambo (8 July 2023).
3285:. 2 March 2016. Archived from
3159:. Routledge. pp. 223–42.
2536:"One president for EA by 2010"
2295:List of proposed state mergers
578:Shirikisho la Afrika Mashariki
30:Shirikisho la Afrika Mashariki
1:
6151:United States of Latin Africa
5980:Organisation of African Unity
5909:African Leadership University
5337:United States of Latin Africa
5031:Rural Economy and Agriculture
4808:Organisation of African Unity
3255:. 1 July 2010. Archived from
3077:Anami, Luke (19 March 2024).
2068:Traditional African religions
2007:Members' existing governments
760:Permanent Mandates Commission
675:, barely surpass that of the
5965:First Pan-African Conference
5194:United States military bases
5190:United States Africa Command
4701:Contemporary British History
4591:Anami, Luke (14 July 2021).
4236:Knowles, Josie (July 2014).
3889:Geophysical Research Letters
2790:(Press release). 30 May 2023
2564:Vaughan, Chris (June 2019).
1615:
1597:
1577:
1559:
1539:
1521:
1501:
1483:
1463:
1445:
1425:
1407:
1387:
1369:
1349:
1331:
1311:
1293:
1250:
1232:
439:Int$ 1,027.067 billion (
5021:HR, Sciences and Technology
3397:The Citizen (Dar es Salaam)
2169:African Instituted Churches
2054: Christianity (79.80%)
1829:the claims made and adding
1630:
1612:
1592:
1574:
1554:
1536:
1516:
1498:
1478:
1460:
1440:
1422:
1402:
1384:
1364:
1346:
1326:
1308:
1265:
1247:
809:and Ugandan Prime Minister
6347:
5904:African Leadership Academy
5275:African Economic Community
5080:Peace and Security Council
4787:African and Malagasy Union
3954:10.1038/s41586-022-05662-5
3684:: CS1 maint: url-status (
3644:: CS1 maint: url-status (
3102:: CS1 maint: url-status (
2981:: CS1 maint: url-status (
2941:: CS1 maint: url-status (
2808:: CS1 maint: url-status (
2080: Unaffiliated (1.49%)
2033:
1736:
1694:"Africa Population (2022)"
1625:
1618:
1607:
1600:
1587:
1580:
1569:
1562:
1549:
1542:
1531:
1524:
1511:
1504:
1493:
1486:
1473:
1466:
1455:
1448:
1435:
1428:
1417:
1410:
1397:
1390:
1379:
1372:
1359:
1352:
1341:
1334:
1321:
1314:
1303:
1296:
1268:
1260:
1253:
1242:
1235:
1209:
1159:
1036:on the Uganda-DRC border,
693:. The proposed capital is
6331:Proposed political unions
6196:Pan-Africanism portal
6164:
5960:Economic Freedom Fighters
5950:Convention People's Party
5925:African Unification Front
5350:
5200:United States ambassadors
5160:
5016:Social Affairs and Health
5011:Infrastructure and Energy
4871:
4713:10.1080/13619469708581458
2648:10.1057/s41301-018-0163-8
2585:10.1017/s0018246x18000407
1635:
547:
477:US$ 349.774 billion (
353:
334:
95:
83:
79:"One People, One Destiny"
75:
45:
6321:Pan-Africanism in Africa
6116:African-American leftism
5865:Henry Sylvester Williams
5629:Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo
4975:African Court of Justice
4772:Decolonisation of Africa
4680:Assensoh, A. B. (1998).
4010:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0274.1
3079:"Peter Mathuki recalled"
1988:post-secondary education
872:was still being fought.
870:South Sudanese Civil War
730:President of South Sudan
595:region –
411:63/km (163.2/sq mi)
16:Proposed African country
6174:Pan-Africanism category
6146:United States of Africa
6141:Union of African States
6131:East African Federation
6080:Ethnic groups of Africa
5985:Pan African Association
5574:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
5520:United States of Africa
5342:East African Federation
5332:United States of Africa
5070:African Investment Bank
4346:10.1162/003355300555466
3153:Bernard Porter (2014).
2305:The Sahel Confederation
2269:East African Federation
1094:, which stretches from
1092:Lobito Atlantic Railway
570:East African Federation
132:Official languages
104:orthographic projection
25:East African Federation
5955:East African Community
5594:Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof
5443:Anti-Western sentiment
5053:Financial institutions
5044:Cross-Cutting Programs
4947:Pan-African Parliament
4200:East African Community
4114:East African Community
4032:East African Community
3835:The Kenyan Wall Street
3056:East African Community
2787:East African Community
2573:The Historical Journal
854:
775:
699:East African Community
589:East African Community
577:
342:East African Community
29:
5860:Frances Cress Welsing
5093:African Standby Force
5065:African Monetary Fund
2048:Religions of the EAF
2014:2024 general election
1725:coming in second and
860:its own common market
852:
773:
378:• Water (%)
6042:Black Star of Africa
5995:Pan-African Congress
5945:Conseil de l'Entente
5725:Edward Wilmot Blyden
5649:Abdias do Nascimento
5614:Toussaint Louverture
5060:African Central Bank
4661:Arnold, Guy (1974).
4634:. 21 December 2022.
3910:10.1029/2020GL090999
3223:Africanexecutive.com
3124:. pp. 204–232.
2893:. 30 November 2013.
2751:Global Risk Insights
2476:"The World Factbook"
2235:: Protestant 45.1% (
2189:) (2019-20 CIA est.)
2060: Islam (15.97%)
911:Christophe Lutundula
845:2010s–2020s proposal
393:• 2024 estimate
6095:Conflicts in Africa
6085:Languages of Africa
6059:Pan-African colours
5780:Yosef Ben-Jochannan
5423:African nationalism
4202:. 9 November 2021.
4001:2019JCli...32.8791H
3946:2023Natur.615..276M
3901:2021GeoRL..4890999M
3462:. 31 October 2020.
3316:on 24 February 2021
2021:Economic challenges
1868:
1819:" challenges faced.
1749:Markets and trading
1065:Ethiopian Highlands
1046:lake breeze systems
1014:African Great Lakes
964:raised the idea of
726:Salva Kiir Mayardit
724:As of 7 June 2024,
593:African Great Lakes
176:Proposed federation
6311:2018 introductions
6111:African philosophy
6090:Religion in Africa
5815:Zephania Mothopeng
5765:Amy Ashwood Garvey
5740:John Henrik Clarke
5730:Stokely Carmichael
5715:Molefi Kete Asante
5669:John Nyathi Pokela
5654:Gamal Abdel Nasser
5311:African Border Day
5026:Trade and Industry
5001:Peace and Security
4993:ECOSOCC Committees
4927:Deputy Chairperson
4561:data.worldbank.org
4382:. 18 August 2017.
4380:Human Rights Watch
4034:. 31 December 2023
3989:Journal of Climate
3706:. 6 September 2021
3259:on 18 January 2012
2804:cite press release
2542:on 31 October 2012
1866:
1802:possibly contains
1698:populationstat.com
1028:bordering Rwanda,
908:
855:
776:
467:2024 estimate
429:2024 estimate
6216:
6215:
6208:Africa portal
6048:Le Marron Inconnu
6030:
6029:
5883:
5882:
5679:Ahmed Sékou Touré
5528:
5527:
5448:Black nationalism
5428:African socialism
5368:
5367:
5246:
5245:
5170:Foreign relations
5147:
5146:
5098:Panel of the Wise
5006:Political Affairs
4876:Executive Council
4819:Secretary General
4797:Sirte Declaration
4467:"Explore the Map"
4198:(Press release).
4170:afrobarometer.org
4057:(Press release).
4030:(Press release).
3995:(24): 8791–8811.
3940:(7951): 276–279.
3756:, 9 December 2020
3523:Maringa, George.
3494:"EAC Quick Facts"
3139:978-0-19-957048-5
3054:(Press release).
2827:"Overview of EAC"
2753:. 20 March 2021.
2383:The Africa Report
2187:Jehovah's Witness
1992:Kenyan Parliament
1979:
1978:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1804:original research
1710:
1709:
1651:citypopulation.de
1146:, as well as the
1116:Mount Kilimanjaro
1040:in Tanzania, and
1018:East African Rift
939:Kenyan President
915:March 23 Movement
906:
629:COVID-19 pandemic
566:
565:
487:• Per capita
449:• Per capita
397:343,328,958 (
6338:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6269:
6268:
6257:
6256:
6255:
6245:
6244:
6243:
6233:
6232:
6231:
6224:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6194:
6193:
6182:
6181:
6172:
6171:
6064:Pan-African flag
5894:
5840:Randall Robinson
5775:Leonard Jeffries
5755:W. E. B. Du Bois
5750:Cheikh Anta Diop
5745:Martin R. Delany
5569:David Comissiong
5539:
5438:Anti-imperialism
5413:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5372:
5358:
5357:
5270:Development Bank
5158:
5040:Women and Gender
5036:Economic Affairs
4965:Gallagher Estate
4869:
4777:Casablanca Group
4744:
4737:
4730:
4721:
4716:
4695:
4676:
4665:. London: Dent.
4648:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4624:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4588:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4523:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4340:(4): 1203–1250.
4331:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4308:
4299:
4286:
4284:
4276:
4267:
4252:
4250:
4242:
4233:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4192:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4162:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4142:
4134:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4029:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3912:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3781:The East African
3771:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3704:The East African
3696:
3690:
3689:
3683:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3643:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3560:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3289:on 26 March 2016
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3191:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3101:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3048:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3022:"EAC Leadership"
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2980:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2962:The East African
2953:
2947:
2946:
2940:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2922:The East African
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2857:"EAC Leadership"
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2823:
2814:
2813:
2807:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2778:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2677:
2668:
2667:
2642:(3–4): 197–200.
2631:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2601:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2504:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2472:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2421:
2414:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2373:
2351:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2333:
2326:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2123:35.3% (includes
2111:
2109:
2108:
2085:
2079:
2065:
2059:
2053:
1869:
1854:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1831:inline citations
1795:
1794:
1787:
1702:
1701:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1643:
1284:
1273:
1225:
1214:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1148:Crater Highlands
1136:Mount Nyiragongo
1086:, known for its
1020:, a continental
1016:, caused by the
907:US$ 14.7 million
580:) is a proposed
561:
558:
556:
524:
523:+2 / +3
511:
510:
502:
464:
426:
349:
312:
308:
306:
305:
297:
293:
291:
290:
282:
278:
276:
275:
267:
263:
261:
260:
252:
248:
246:
245:
237:
233:
231:
230:
222:
218:
216:
215:
207:
203:
201:
200:
112:Proposed Capital
100:
65:
53:
40:
32:
21:
6346:
6345:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6336:
6335:
6301:
6300:
6299:
6289:
6287:
6277:
6275:
6263:
6253:
6251:
6241:
6239:
6229:
6227:
6219:
6217:
6212:
6202:
6200:
6188:
6184:Africa category
6160:
6099:
6068:
6026:
5913:
5879:
5875:Omali Yeshitela
5855:Issa Laye Thiaw
5785:Maulana Karenga
5770:John G. Jackson
5698:
5619:Patrice Lumumba
5584:Muammar Gaddafi
5524:
5489:African century
5477:
5404:
5399:
5369:
5364:
5346:
5315:
5294:
5242:
5209:
5143:
5127:
5074:
5048:
4987:
4969:
4941:
4908:
4890:
4858:
4825:
4753:
4748:
4698:
4692:
4679:
4673:
4660:
4657:
4652:
4651:
4641:
4639:
4626:
4625:
4618:
4608:
4606:
4598:The EastAfrican
4590:
4589:
4580:
4570:
4568:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4540:
4538:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4510:
4508:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4480:
4478:
4465:
4464:
4457:
4447:
4445:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4417:
4415:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4389:
4387:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4306:
4301:
4300:
4289:
4274:
4269:
4268:
4255:
4240:
4235:
4234:
4219:
4209:
4207:
4194:
4193:
4184:
4174:
4172:
4164:
4163:
4156:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4118:
4116:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4093:
4091:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4063:
4061:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4037:
4035:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4018:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3862:The EastAfrican
3854:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3837:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3813:
3811:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3787:
3785:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3759:
3757:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3709:
3707:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3676:
3669:
3667:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3636:
3629:
3627:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3603:
3601:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3562:
3561:
3548:
3538:
3536:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3477:
3475:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3375:
3373:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3319:
3317:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3292:
3290:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3262:
3260:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3203:
3194:
3182:, p. 173;
3178:
3174:
3167:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3119:
3118:
3111:
3094:
3087:
3085:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3040:
3030:
3028:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2973:
2966:
2964:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2933:
2926:
2924:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2800:
2793:
2791:
2780:
2779:
2770:
2760:
2758:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2730:
2728:
2720:The EastAfrican
2712:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2687:The EastAfrican
2679:
2678:
2671:
2633:
2632:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2568:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2526:
2516:
2514:
2506:
2505:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2474:
2473:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2393:
2391:
2375:
2374:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2327:
2318:
2313:
2286:
2262:
2260:
2248:
2246:
2226:
2224:
2212:
2210:
2194:
2192:
2176:
2174:
2154:
2152:
2136:
2134:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2094:, etc.) (0.27%)
2083:
2081:
2077:
2075:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2023:
2009:
2000:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1864:
1855:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1820:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1776:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1285:
1278:
1274:
1226:
1219:
1215:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1132:Mount Karisimbi
1010:Lake Tanganyika
975:
950:Peninah Malonza
884:Yoweri Museveni
847:
768:
752:
747:
641:
585:sovereign state
562:
553:
552:
519:
508:
507:
506:
500:
488:
474:
462:
450:
436:
420:
408:
394:
379:
365:
347:
344:
315:
303:
301:
300:
288:
286:
285:
273:
271:
270:
258:
256:
255:
243:
241:
240:
228:
226:
225:
213:
211:
210:
198:
196:
195:
192:
191:
107:
71:
70:
69:
66:
58:
57:
54:
41:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6344:
6342:
6334:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6303:
6302:
6298:
6297:
6285:
6273:
6261:
6249:
6237:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6198:
6186:
6176:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6158:
6156:Year of Africa
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6121:Africanization
6118:
6113:
6107:
6105:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6076:
6074:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6044:
6038:
6036:
6032:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5921:
5919:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5900:
5898:
5891:
5885:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5870:Amos N. Wilson
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5830:Runoko Rashidi
5827:
5822:
5820:George Padmore
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5691:
5689:Robert Sobukwe
5686:
5684:Haile Selassie
5681:
5676:
5674:Thomas Sankara
5671:
5666:
5664:Julius Nyerere
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5599:Kenneth Kaunda
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5579:Anténor Firmin
5576:
5571:
5566:
5564:AmĂlcar Cabral
5561:
5559:Nnamdi Azikiwe
5556:
5551:
5545:
5543:
5536:
5530:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5522:
5517:
5510:
5503:
5496:
5491:
5485:
5483:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5475:
5470:
5468:Uhuru Movement
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5419:
5417:
5410:
5406:
5405:
5402:Pan-Africanism
5400:
5398:
5397:
5390:
5383:
5375:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5308:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5256:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5219:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5161:
5155:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5084:
5082:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4997:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4979:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4951:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4918:
4916:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4900:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4872:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4844:Extreme points
4841:
4835:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4782:Monrovia Group
4779:
4774:
4769:
4767:Pan-Africanism
4763:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4696:
4690:
4677:
4671:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4616:
4578:
4548:
4518:
4488:
4455:
4425:
4397:
4367:
4318:
4287:
4253:
4217:
4182:
4154:
4126:
4101:
4071:
4045:
4016:
3975:
3924:
3875:
3847:
3821:
3810:. 8 April 2024
3795:
3766:
3743:
3732:on 31 May 2022
3717:
3691:
3666:. 4 March 2024
3651:
3626:. 6 March 2012
3611:
3583:
3546:
3515:
3485:
3447:
3414:
3383:
3353:
3342:on 5 July 2015
3327:
3300:
3270:
3240:
3229:on 15 May 2012
3209:
3207:, p. 174.
3192:
3186:, p. 55;
3172:
3165:
3145:
3138:
3109:
3069:
3038:
3013:
2988:
2948:
2908:
2878:
2848:
2815:
2768:
2738:
2705:
2669:
2613:
2579:(2): 519–540.
2553:
2524:
2492:
2456:
2434:
2401:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2343:
2334:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2300:Pan-Africanism
2297:
2292:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2258:
2244:
2222:
2208:
2190:
2172:
2150:
2132:
2117:Roman Catholic
2082:
2076:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2034:Main article:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2008:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1873:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1813:The World Bank
1799:
1797:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1763:monetary union
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1737:Main article:
1734:
1731:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1685:
1671:
1656:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1416:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1231:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1124:Mount Longonot
1054:Central Africa
987:Atlantic Ocean
974:
971:
941:Uhuru Kenyatta
919:United Nations
892:Benjamin Odoki
846:
843:
807:Julius Nyerere
796:Julius Nyerere
767:
766:1960s proposal
764:
751:
748:
746:
743:
738:Veronica Nduva
734:Deng Alor Kuol
706:monetary union
653:Atlantic Ocean
640:
637:
564:
563:
548:
545:
544:
541:
535:
534:
517:
513:
512:
503:
493:
492:
489:
486:
483:
482:
475:
472:
469:
468:
465:
455:
454:
451:
448:
445:
444:
437:
434:
431:
430:
427:
413:
412:
409:
407:• Density
406:
403:
402:
395:
392:
389:
388:
384:
383:
380:
377:
374:
373:
366:
363:
360:
359:
355:
354:
351:
350:
345:
339:
336:
335:
332:
331:
327:
326:
321:
317:
316:
314:
313:
298:
283:
268:
253:
238:
223:
208:
189:
188:
187:
185:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
165:
159:
158:
153:
147:
146:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
101:
93:
92:
81:
80:
73:
72:
67:
60:
59:
55:
48:
47:
46:
43:
42:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6343:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6296:
6286:
6284:
6274:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6260:
6250:
6248:
6238:
6236:
6226:
6222:
6209:
6199:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6185:
6177:
6175:
6167:
6166:
6163:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6102:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6071:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6054:Lion of Judah
6052:
6050:
6049:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5930:African Union
5928:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5916:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5889:Organizations
5886:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5850:Burning Spear
5848:
5846:
5845:Walter Rodney
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5825:Motsoko Pheko
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5805:Archie Mafeje
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5790:Alice Kinloch
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5659:Kwame Nkrumah
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5644:Robert Mugabe
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5624:Samora Machel
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5609:Jomo Kenyatta
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5589:Marcus Garvey
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5531:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5480:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5414:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5396:
5391:
5389:
5384:
5382:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5361:
5353:
5352:
5349:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5265:
5264:Gold standard
5261:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5249:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5077:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4938:
4937:2025 election
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4849:Member states
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4751:African Union
4745:
4740:
4738:
4733:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4697:
4693:
4691:9780894649110
4687:
4683:
4678:
4674:
4672:0-460-07878-X
4668:
4664:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4536:
4532:
4531:Freedom House
4528:
4522:
4519:
4506:
4502:
4501:Freedom House
4498:
4492:
4489:
4476:
4472:
4471:Freedom House
4468:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4443:
4439:
4438:Freedom House
4435:
4429:
4426:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4401:
4398:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4368:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4330:
4322:
4319:
4314:
4313:
4312:Afrobarometer
4305:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4280:Afrobarometer
4273:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4248:
4247:
4246:Afrobarometer
4239:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4115:
4111:
4105:
4102:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4075:
4072:
4060:
4056:
4049:
4046:
4033:
4026:
4020:
4017:
4011:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3979:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3928:
3925:
3920:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3879:
3876:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3851:
3848:
3836:
3832:
3825:
3822:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3770:
3767:
3755:
3754:
3747:
3744:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3718:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3587:
3584:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3519:
3516:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3418:
3415:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3387:
3384:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3315:
3311:
3304:
3301:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3241:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3190:, p. 58.
3189:
3185:
3184:Assensoh 1998
3181:
3176:
3173:
3168:
3166:9781317860396
3162:
3158:
3157:
3149:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3122:The Guardians
3116:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3058:. 7 June 2024
3057:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2909:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2709:
2706:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2418:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2347:
2344:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2290:African Union
2288:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2259:
2256:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2223:
2220:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2086: Other (
2073:
2069:
2049:
2040:
2037:
2029:
2027:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2004:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1906:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1861:
1853:
1850:
1842:
1839:November 2023
1832:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:Freedom House
1806:
1805:
1800:This section
1798:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1759:common market
1756:
1755:customs union
1748:
1743:
1740:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1719:Lake Victoria
1716:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1667:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1596:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1558:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1520:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1482:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1444:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1406:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1368:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1330:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1299:Dar es Salaam
1292:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1272:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1228:Dar es Salaam
1224:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1150:in Tanzania.
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:copper mining
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:Lake Victoria
1002:
1000:
996:
995:Dar es Salaam
992:
988:
984:
980:
972:
970:
967:
963:
959:
956:spokesperson
955:
951:
946:
942:
937:
934:
930:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
903:
899:
897:
893:
888:
885:
880:
878:
873:
871:
867:
863:
861:
851:
844:
842:
838:
836:
832:
828:
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803:Jomo Kenyatta
799:
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765:
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744:
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691:lingua franca
688:
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677:United States
674:
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330:Establishment
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254:
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151:Lingua franca
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5760:Frantz Fanon
5735:Aimé Césaire
5604:Modibo KeĂŻta
5549:Dennis Akumu
5512:
5505:
5498:
5433:Afrocentrism
5341:
4806:
4792:Abuja Treaty
4707:(4): 42–65.
4704:
4700:
4681:
4662:
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4632:Pew Research
4631:
4607:. Retrieved
4596:
4569:. Retrieved
4560:
4551:
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4530:
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3730:the original
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3703:
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3664:Capital News
3663:
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3624:Capital News
3623:
3614:
3602:. Retrieved
3596:
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3570:Daily Nation
3568:
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3529:The Standard
3528:
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3283:Daily Nation
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3257:the original
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2860:
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2785:
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2750:
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2511:
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2479:
2447:. Retrieved
2437:
2424:. Retrieved
2404:
2392:. Retrieved
2381:
2346:
2337:
2268:
2204:
2099:
2047:
2030:Demographics
2024:
2010:
2001:
1984:
1980:
1845:
1836:
1801:
1777:
1768:
1752:
1712:
1697:
1688:
1674:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1619:
1601:
1581:
1563:
1543:
1525:
1505:
1487:
1467:
1449:
1429:
1411:
1391:
1373:
1353:
1335:
1315:
1297:
1279:
1254:
1236:
1220:
1152:
1112:
1069:
1042:Lake Turkana
1003:
983:Indian Ocean
976:
962:William Ruto
938:
931:
927:
923:William Ruto
904:
900:
889:
881:
874:
864:
856:
839:
824:
816:
811:Milton Obote
800:
777:
753:
723:
703:
685:
649:Indian Ocean
642:
633:
569:
567:
549:
529: /
473:• Total
435:• Total
364:• Total
167:East African
122:Largest city
84:
77:Motto:
76:
18:
6316:East Africa
5897:Educational
5710:Marimba Ani
5634:Thabo Mbeki
5542:Politicians
5494:Black power
5185:Enlargement
4960:Secretariat
4922:Chairperson
4904:Chairperson
4814:Chairperson
4802:Lome Summit
4085:Into Africa
3460:The Citizen
3429:The Citizen
3205:Arnold 1974
3180:Arnold 1974
2761:31 December
2731:24 February
2636:Development
2201:South Sudan
2165:Evangelical
2147:Kimbanguist
1807:. It cites
1774:Youth bulge
1144:Mount Elgon
1120:Mount Kenya
1058:Congo Basin
1034:Lake Albert
1030:Lake Edward
958:Nebiu Tedla
866:South Sudan
617:South Sudan
348:7 July 2000
320:Legislature
280:South Sudan
6305:Categories
5810:Ali Mazrui
5720:Steve Biko
5534:Proponents
5306:Africa Day
5260:Currencies
4914:Commission
3468:2396880936
3376:22 October
3320:20 October
3031:2 December
3006:2 December
2901:19 January
2698:23 January
2664:2086486348
2358:References
2330:Somaliland
2121:Protestant
1823:improve it
1783:Challenges
1733:Leadership
1451:Lubumbashi
1441:1,024,000
1413:Mbuji-Mayi
1403:1,139,000
1365:1,190,000
1327:1,208,000
1266:1,245,000
1248:15,628,000
1195:City name
1181:City name
1140:Mount Meru
1084:Copperbelt
1061:rainforest
1038:Lake Rukwa
945:Abiy Ahmed
827:Tanganyika
784:Tanganyika
750:Background
453:Int$ 2,991
387:Population
163:Demonym(s)
5918:Political
5800:Malcolm X
5795:Fela Kuti
5639:Tom Mboya
5500:NĂ©gritude
5463:Sankarism
5458:Nkrumaism
5453:Garveyism
4831:Geography
4354:0033-5533
3970:257282295
3919:230529018
3680:cite news
3640:cite news
3630:20 August
3478:2 January
3407:24 August
3188:Kyle 1997
3098:cite news
2977:cite news
2937:cite news
2606:2 January
2593:158221888
2328:Includes
2125:Adventist
1827:verifying
1613:1,366,000
1603:Kisangani
1575:1,389,000
1537:1,593,000
1499:2,610,000
1489:Mogadishu
1461:2,695,000
1423:2,765,000
1393:Bujumbura
1385:3,652,000
1347:5,119,000
1309:7,405,000
1080:petroleum
1026:Lake Kivu
973:Geography
896:Amos Wako
756:Leo Amery
673:Indonesia
539:Drives on
516:Time zone
491:US$ 1,019
463:(nominal)
6283:Tanzania
6271:Politics
6073:Dynamics
5554:Idi Amin
5482:Concepts
5416:Variants
5409:Ideology
5360:Category
5238:Passport
5153:Politics
4896:Assembly
4642:29 April
4636:Archived
4609:30 April
4603:Archived
4571:30 April
4565:Archived
4541:29 April
4535:Archived
4511:29 April
4505:Archived
4481:29 April
4475:Archived
4448:29 April
4442:Archived
4412:BBC News
4390:29 April
4384:Archived
4210:29 April
4204:Archived
4175:29 April
3962:36859546
3710:25 March
3533:Archived
3508:29 April
3502:Archived
3472:Archived
3464:ProQuest
3434:Archived
3401:Archived
3370:Archived
3366:Newsweek
2895:Archived
2871:29 April
2865:Archived
2841:28 April
2835:Archived
2755:Archived
2725:Archived
2692:Archived
2660:ProQuest
2656:89891054
2597:Archived
2426:22 April
2417:Archived
2388:Archived
2284:See also
2277:Buddhism
2273:Hinduism
2237:Anglican
2219:Tanzania
2092:Buddhism
2088:Hinduism
2041:Religion
1959:Tanzania
1904:nothing
1897:little"
1872:Country
1817:possible
1744:Benefits
1631:620,000
1627:Tanzania
1593:657,000
1555:707,000
1517:766,000
1513:Tanzania
1507:Zanzibar
1479:768,000
1431:Tshikapa
1305:Tanzania
1262:Tanzania
1238:Kinshasa
1217:Kinshasa
1130:Crater,
1128:Menengai
991:Kinshasa
835:Tanzania
831:Zanzibar
792:Zanzibar
745:Timeline
639:Features
621:Tanzania
295:Tanzania
220:DR Congo
190:8 states
126:Kinshasa
6235:Burundi
6221:Portals
6136:Kwanzaa
6104:Related
6035:Symbols
6022:ZANU–PF
5299:Culture
5252:Economy
5215:Symbols
4854:Regions
4839:Borders
4759:History
4655:Sources
4362:2951270
4064:10 June
3997:Bibcode
3942:Bibcode
3897:Bibcode
3868:12 July
3840:12 July
3814:15 June
3788:12 July
3760:8 April
3736:8 April
3670:4 March
3604:13 July
3576:24 June
3539:26 July
3498:eac.int
3293:4 March
3263:6 April
3253:Reuters
3233:15 July
3026:eac.int
3001:eac.int
2891:Reuters
2861:eac.int
2831:eac.int
2546:15 July
2517:13 June
2512:imf.org
2480:cia.gov
2394:19 July
2255:Somalia
2241:Baptist
2167:20.4%,
2119:58.6%,
2113:Burundi
2074:(2.48%)
2072:Animism
1884:"helps
1879:a lot"
1821:Please
1729:third.
1715:Kampala
1565:Mombasa
1527:Kananga
1495:Somalia
1399:Burundi
1375:Kampala
1337:Nairobi
1287:Kampala
1276:Nairobi
1104:Kolwezi
1050:Zambezi
999:Nairobi
985:to the
966:Comoros
933:Somalia
877:Kampala
820:Buganda
715:Nigeria
687:Swahili
651:to the
613:Somalia
597:Burundi
591:in the
582:federal
574:Swahili
550:Website
340:•
265:Somalia
205:Burundi
156:Swahili
144:Swahili
136:English
87: "
85:Anthem:
37:Swahili
6295:Uganda
5703:Others
5514:Ujamaa
5507:Ubuntu
5473:Zikism
5320:Theory
5228:Emblem
5223:Anthem
5118:AMISOM
5103:UNAMID
4955:Bureau
4864:Organs
4688:
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4360:
4352:
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4249:(146).
4147:7 June
4119:7 June
4094:8 June
4038:8 June
3968:
3960:
3934:Nature
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3466:
3440:31 May
3163:
3136:
3088:7 June
3083:Nation
3062:8 June
2967:7 June
2927:7 June
2794:9 June
2662:
2654:
2591:
2485:7 June
2449:28 May
2266:
2252:
2233:Uganda
2230:
2216:
2198:
2183:Rwanda
2180:
2158:
2140:
2129:Muslim
2110:
2084:
2078:
2066:
2064:
2058:
2052:
1915:Uganda
1893:"helps
1888:what"
1877:"helps
1727:Kisumu
1723:Mwanza
1381:Uganda
1355:Bukavu
1323:Rwanda
1317:Kigali
1256:Mwanza
1161:
1108:Zambia
1100:Angola
1096:Lobito
1072:cobalt
788:Uganda
728:, the
695:Arusha
671:, and
669:Mexico
665:Brazil
657:Russia
635:goal.
625:Uganda
609:Rwanda
599:, the
501:(2022)
499:
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310:Uganda
307:
292:
277:
262:
250:Rwanda
247:
232:
217:
202:
183:States
140:French
116:Arusha
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6259:Kenya
5280:NEPAD
5123:MISCA
5088:ACIRC
4358:JSTOR
4315:(91).
4307:(PDF)
4275:(PDF)
4241:(PDF)
4141:(PDF)
4028:(PDF)
3966:S2CID
3915:S2CID
3895:(1).
3346:4 May
2652:S2CID
2600:(PDF)
2589:S2CID
2569:(PDF)
2420:(PDF)
2413:(PDF)
2311:Notes
2161:Kenya
1937:Kenya
1909:know
1907:Don't
1886:some-
1621:Mbeya
1583:Uvira
1571:Kenya
1469:Bunia
1343:Kenya
1203:Pop.
1199:State
1192:Rank
1189:Pop.
1185:State
1178:Rank
979:India
780:Kenya
719:Egypt
681:China
661:Japan
645:India
605:Kenya
505:0.515
235:Kenya
5327:Afro
5233:Flag
5165:APRM
5113:AMIS
5108:AMIB
4932:AUCC
4686:ISBN
4667:ISBN
4644:2024
4611:2022
4573:2022
4543:2022
4513:2022
4483:2022
4450:2022
4420:2024
4392:2022
4350:ISSN
4212:2022
4177:2022
4149:2024
4121:2024
4096:2024
4066:2024
4040:2024
3958:PMID
3870:2023
3842:2024
3816:2024
3790:2024
3762:2022
3738:2022
3712:2022
3686:link
3672:2024
3646:link
3632:2023
3606:2024
3578:2024
3541:2022
3510:2022
3480:2023
3442:2021
3409:2017
3378:2016
3348:2015
3322:2013
3295:2016
3265:2019
3235:2012
3161:ISBN
3134:ISBN
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3090:2024
3064:2024
3033:2023
3008:2023
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2903:2019
2873:2022
2843:2022
2810:link
2796:2024
2763:2021
2733:2020
2700:2021
2608:2023
2548:2012
2519:2024
2487:2024
2451:2023
2428:2022
2396:2021
2205:Note
1975:28%
1972:16%
1969:13%
1966:28%
1963:16%
1953:20%
1947:27%
1944:28%
1941:16%
1931:37%
1925:15%
1922:21%
1919:20%
1902:does
1811:and
1545:Goma
1142:and
1076:gold
1032:and
1022:rift
829:and
790:and
717:and
623:and
568:The
559:.int
557:.eac
543:both
479:42nd
441:34th
382:3.83
358:Area
324:EALA
172:Type
68:Logo
56:Flag
6247:DRC
4709:doi
4342:doi
4338:112
4005:doi
3950:doi
3938:615
3905:doi
3808:KBC
3598:BBC
3126:doi
2644:doi
2581:doi
1950:8%
1928:7%
1900:EAC
1891:EAC
1882:EAC
1875:EAC
1825:by
1102:to
555:www
531:EAT
527:CAT
521:UTC
509:low
497:HDI
459:GDP
423:PPP
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