269:, President of the Working Committee of the East Bengal Scheduled Castes Federation, was sworn in as Minister of State for Economic Affairs in the Pakistan government on September 26, 1955. A year later Rasaraj Mandal, then the general secretary of the party, was sworn in as a Minister of State for Economic Affairs in the Pakistan government. With Mandal taking a ministerial role at the Centre, whilst his inner-party rival Gour Chandra Bala was elected as leader of the Scheduled Castes Federation in the East Pakistan Provincial Assembly. At the time six of the Scheduled Castes Federation assembly members belonged to the Rasaraj Mandal group, with another 21 belonging to the Bala group. A resolution was passed in the party that Bala would not join the provincial government. However Bala soon took up ministerial post in East Pakistan. When the Suhrawardy government at the Centre fell in March 1958, Mandal was left without a ministerial berth and Bala became a minister in East Pakistan. In response Mandal went into opposition.
151:
In the wake of the 1950 Dacca riots, Mandal's discourse shifted significantly. He now positioned himself as a protector for Hindu and minority communities in East Bengal, and began downplaying the rhetorical separation between Caste Hindus and
Scheduled Castes. By April 1950, after riots in Barisal,
171:
in March 1952, which called for joint electorate and denounced Barori. Out of 500 delegates at the conference, some 300 came from the
Scheduled Castes. The Comilla conference called on the government to dismiss Barori and replace him with another representative with support from the minorities. The
288:
With the deepening of the Mandal-Bala split during the budget session in the East
Pakistan Provincial Assembly in 1958, the party organization disintegrated. With the divided party leadership fully embroiled in the legislature, the party organization outside parliament became inactive. Another key
284:
in
September 1956, part of the Scheduled Castes Federation went into opposition whilst another supported the government from outside. The party was part of the short-lived second Abu Hussain Sarkar government, in power between March 31 and April 1, 1958. When Ataur Rahman Khan again formed a
144:
on this issue. The East Bengal
Scheduled Castes Federation called for increased representation of Scheduled Castes based on 1948 population estimate. Notably the party was unhappy with the lack of Scheduled Castes representation in the East Bengal provincial government.
203:
Barori retained support in the East Bengal
Legislative Assembly group of the party, whilst the dissident group (led by Rasaraj Mandal) controlled the party organization. A second minor split occurred in the Barori group, seemingly caused by personal issues.
175:
On
December 19, 1953, the anti-Barori camp in the East Bengal Scheduled Castes Federation organized a conference in Dacca and declared Barori and his faction expelled for having violated the party line on joint electorates. The conference had been called by
124:. However, with the split of India and Pakistan into two separate entities, the Scheduled Castes Federation branches in Pakistan eventually broke their organizational links with the Indian mother party and held a party conference in
231:
The Mandal faction emerged successful, winning 27 out 38 seats reserved for
Scheduled Castes. The Barori faction didn't win a single seat, with Barori himself forefeiting his deposit after having lost his seat to
155:
East Bengal
Scheduled Castes Federation president D.N. Barori was sworn in as minister in the East Bengal provincial government in June 1950. Barori's nomination had been fiercely opposed by Jogendra Nath Mandal.
216:, claiming to be the genuine Scheduled Castes Federation - led by D.N. Barori, Rasaraj Mandal and H.C. Burmen respectively. The Barori group, which supported separate electorates, enjoyed the support of the
148:
In 1949 the
Working Committee of the East Bengal Scheduled Castes Federation passed a unimanous resolution calling a joint minority electorate but with reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes.
228:, but for Mandal's group it was important not to allow the Barori group to be able to use the party name 'Scheduled Castes Federation' alone in front of the Scheduled Castes voters.
140:
Mandal was the president of the East Bengal Scheduled Castes Federation in 1948. The party argued for separate electorate for Scheduled Castes, and had tense relations with the
798:
213:
120:
government as Minister of Law and Labour after having received approval from Ambedkar to do so. In parallel Ambedkar held the post of Minister of Law in the
60:
in 1950, the party suffered a number of divisions. In the mid-1950s the party participated in different coalition governments at Pakistan Centre level and
793:
193:
116:
championed maintaining the province united, a position the party shared with the Muslim League. When Pakistan was formed, Mandal joined the first
48:. In the first years after the independence of Pakistan, the party was one of the two main political parties of the Hindu minority population in
803:
152:
Mandal told his followers that he would no longer advise them to stay in Pakistan. Other leaders of the party rejected Mandal's statement.
503:
788:
105:
240:
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The issue of separate or joint electorate would split the party. Barori supported a separate electorate for Scheduled Castes.
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issue that forced the party into quick decline was the introduction of unified geographic constituencies across Pakistan.
221:
73:
141:
53:
280:
provincial cabinet between June 1955 and August 1956. When the Awami League formed a provincial government led by
256:
189:
220:. The Mandal group, which supported joint electorates, had tacit support from the Minority United Front. The
172:
resolution of the Comilla conference stated that separate representation on communal basis is anti-national.
783:
305:. Rasaraj Mandal revived the party after the promulgation of the Political Parties Regulation in July 1976.
97:
217:
197:
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provincial government in April 1958 the Bala group joined it but the Mandal group went into opposition.
252:
225:
426:
The Legislative Process in Bangladesh: Politics and Functioning of the East Bengal Legislature, 1947-58
117:
113:
57:
568:
224:(formerly Gana Samity) had sought appealed to the Mandal group to contest under the banner of the
277:
259:, September 12, 1956 – October 17, 1957) and the fourth coalition government of Pakistan (led by
93:
550:
Eclipse of East Pakistan: Chronicles of Events Since Birth of East Pakistan Till October, 1963
281:
233:
121:
255:, August 11, 1955 – September 12, 1956), the second coalition government of Pakistan (led by
463:
266:
185:
85:
33:
21:
464:
ROLE OF PAKISTAN NATIONAL CONGRESS IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN, 1947-1958
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181:
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385:. Human Relations Area Files, South Asia Project, University of California, 1956. p. 161
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180:, and Raj Kumar Mandal chaired the event. Invited speakers at the event included
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in 1948. Overwhelmingly the Scheduled Castes Federation in Pakistan was based in
129:
49:
81:
239:
In 1955 the Scheduled Castes Federation obtained three seats in the second
251:
The party was part of the first coalition government of Pakistan (led by
45:
168:
125:
746:
History of Freedom Movement in Bangladesh, 1943-1973: Some Involvement
690:
Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib
526:
Caste and Partition in Bengal: The Story of Dalit Refugees, 1946-1961
504:
Jogendranath Mandal and the Politics of Dalit Recognition in Pakistan
101:
84:
in 1942, as a political organization striving for the upliftment of
344:
From Raj to Republic: Sovereignty, Violence, and Democracy in India
676:
89:
598:. Northern Book Centre, New Delhi, 1990. pp. 164, 171, 210, 213
595:
Politics in Bangladesh (A Study of Awami League : 1949-58)
429:. University of Dacca, 1980. pp. 133, 136, 137-138, 172, 206
112:. In Bengal the Scheduled Castes Federation chapter led by
64:
provincial level. After 1958 the party went into oblivion.
729:, Volume 4. P.C. Kapoor at the Citizen Press, 1956.,p. 108
613:. South Asian Institute, Punjab University, 1976. p. 15
243:(with Rasaraj Mandal being one of the three members).
764:
Political Parties of Asia and the Pacific, Volume 1
324:The Evolution of Politics in Bangladesh, 1947-1978
523:Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, Anasua Basu Ray Chaudhury.
347:. Stanford University Press, 2021. pp. 139-140
214:1954 East Bengal Legislative Assembly election
167:An East Bengal Minorities Conference held at
8:
247:Coalition government period and party split
212:Three different groups participated in the
509:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
739:
737:
735:
367:. Renaissance Bookshop, 1952. pp. 79, 117
364:Pakistan: The Birth of a New Muslim State
30:East Pakistan Scheduled Castes Federation
757:
755:
621:
619:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
457:
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263:, December 16, 1957 – October 7, 1958).
96:there were formal alliances between the
677:الیکشن کہانی: قیامِ پاکستان سے 2013ء تک
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100:and the Scheduled Castes Federation in
18:East Bengal Scheduled Castes Federation
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529:. Oxford University Press, 2022. p. 64
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56:). After departure of its main leader
799:Political parties established in 1948
461:DR. KAUSAR PARVEEN, DR. SAMINA AWAN.
357:
355:
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337:
335:
333:
74:All India Scheduled Castes Federation
7:
657:Alan John Day, Henry W. Degenhardt.
38:পূর্ব পাকিস্তান তফসিলি জাতি ফেডারেশন
303:Bangladesh Tafsili Jati Federation
14:
489:. Allen & Unwin, 1957. p. 248
382:Pakistan: Government and Politics
92:. In the years running up to the
610:Pakistan General Elections, 1970
241:Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
794:1948 establishments in Pakistan
628:Minority Politics in Bangladesh
574:Economic & Political Weekly
767:. Greenwood Press, 1985. p. 57
660:Political Parties of the World
26:পূর্ববঙ্গ তফসিলি জাতি ফেডারেশন
1:
804:Political parties in Pakistan
749:. Naya Prokash, 1974. p. 137
276:, the party was part of the
693:. Penguin Books India, 2011
553:. RENCO, 1963. pp. 171, 273
486:Pakistan, a Political Study
467:. J.P.H.S., Vol. LXX, No. 2
136:First years after Partition
820:
511:43.1 (2020): 119–135. Web.
142:Pakistan National Congress
54:Pakistan National Congress
52:(with the other being the
789:Politics of East Pakistan
327:. Associated, 1978. p. 71
297:In 1971 the party led by
257:Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
190:Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
37:
25:
711:, October 10, 1955. p. 3
644:', Volume 7, 2002. p. 27
631:. Vikas, 1980. p. 19, 43
293:Bangladeshi independence
222:United Progressive Party
722:Non-Muslims in Ministry
625:Muhammad Ghulam Kabir.
98:All India Muslim League
663:. Longman, 1984. p. 16
361:James Heyworth-Dunne.
218:Pakistan Muslim League
160:Electorate issue split
642:Pakistan Perspectives
253:Chaudhry Muhammad Ali
226:Minority United Front
687:Nitish K. Sengupta.
118:Dominion of Pakistan
114:Jogendra Nath Mandal
76:had been founded by
58:Jogendra Nath Mandal
576:, February 13, 1954
341:Sunil Purushotham.
321:S. K. Chakrabarti.
483:Keith B. Callard.
278:Abu Hussain Sarkar
94:Partition of India
743:Jyoti Sen Gupta.
547:Jyoti Sen Gupta.
423:Najma Chowdhury.
379:William S. Metz.
282:Ataur Rahman Khan
234:Gour Chandra Bala
194:Basanta Kumar Das
122:Dominion of India
811:
768:
761:Haruhiro Fukui.
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709:Pakistan Affairs
704:Cabinet Expanded
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607:Iftikhar Ahmad.
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267:Akshay Kumar Das
186:A. K. Fazlul Huq
106:United Provinces
86:Scheduled Castes
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42:political party
12:
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5:
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501:Asif, Ghazal.
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301:took the name
299:Rasaraj Mandal
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208:1954 elections
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178:Rasaraj Mandal
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137:
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69:
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10:
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62:East Pakistan
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28:), later the
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29:
17:
15:
592:M.B. Nair.
130:East Bengal
50:East Bengal
778:Categories
673:Daily Jang
309:References
198:Mahmud Ali
68:Background
82:Allahabad
40:), was a
46:Pakistan
169:Comilla
126:Karachi
34:Bengali
22:Bengali
110:Punjab
102:Bengal
90:Dalits
196:and
108:and
72:The
16:The
272:In
80:in
44:in
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675:.
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