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East Valley (Phoenix metropolitan area)

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feet. The shortest is 9,301 feet. The airport currently serves Allegiant Airlines. East Valley leaders see it as an international aerospace center and a catalyst for bringing 100,000 jobs to the far East Valley in 20 years. The airport is located in Foreign Trade Zone 221. As of 2012, Gateway hosts more than 40 companies, serves 33 cities with non-stop service via Allegiant, Frontier, and Spirit Airlines as well as eight more cities with continuing service, and contributes $ 685 million annually to the Arizona economy. The airport's master plan projects more than 850,000 enplanements by 2017 and 2.2 million by 2027.
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in Scottsdale. In 2011, Falcon Field was the 5th busiest general aviation airport in the country. Located adjacent to Boeing, Falcon Field contributes over $ 2.3 billion to the local economy. With about 130,000 operations in 2010, Scottsdale Airport bills itself as one of the busiest single-runway facilities in the world. It is centrally located in Scottsdale's only industrial-zoned area. The Commerce Airpark area is headquarters to over 30 national/regional corporations and home to nearly 2,500 small and medium-sized businesses with over 48,000 jobs.
879:. Two such attempts to secede were made. The first attempt was in the early 1990s and included the cities and towns of Mesa, Chandler, Gilbert, Queen Creek, Tempe, and Guadalupe. In the early 2000s, a second attempt was made, and included the same cities and towns as the early 1990s proposal except for Tempe and Guadalupe. Under both proposals, the seat of the proposed new county would have been Mesa. Russell Pearce's tenure as a State Senator has since ended in November 2011 and the issue of county secession has not resurfaced ever since. 468:
135,000 square-foot satellite facility as one of the most advanced of its kind. In the past, Orbital ATK has focused on government satellite projects. But it is ramping up Gilbert operations for a major commercial project. It will assemble and test 81 satellites for the Iridium NEXT global communications system. In a 2011 press release, Iridium CEO Matt Desch said, "With this contract, Orbital becomes part of the most significant commercial space project in the world." Iridium satellites are to be launched starting in 2015.
241:, an organization of business, education and political leaders that continues to advocate on behalf of the East Valley and its cities. One of the founders of the partnership was the late Jack Whiteman of Empire Southwest, a heavy equipment company. "My dad and a number of East Valley businesses wanted to have the East Valley equivalent of the Phoenix 40," John Whiteman, who followed his dad as head of the prosperous dealership, told the 101: 417:(EVIT) has offered students in 10 East Valley school districts a wide range of career and technical education courses. The courses prepare students with skills for immediate entry into the local job market, but many are on career tracks that lead to higher education. More than 60 percent of the 3,000 students taking EVIT courses go on to college. EVIT is funded by a property tax levied on property owners in the 10 districts. 806: 25: 626:. By 2000, 109,697 people called Gilbert home. Nearly another 100,000 people were counted in the 2010 Census, which recorded the town's population at 208,453. While retirees have contributed to the East Valley's growth and vitality, the town of Gilbert with an average age is 31.37 demonstrates that the commonly held belief that the region is dominated by retirees is a myth. 479:. The Defense Department in 2011 turned ownership of the facility over to the city of Mesa. The lab is near Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport and Arizona State University Polytechnic campus. Alion Science and Technology manages the 97,500 square foot facility and describes it as ideally suited for hosting classified research programs. 471:
The East Valley is also home of the Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport one of the nation's most successful military base reuse projects. Formerly Williams Air Force Base, the growing reliever airport boasts a remodeled passenger terminal, convenient parking and three runways, the longest of which is 10,401
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The East Valley Aviation & Aerospace Alliance estimates aerospace accounts for 35,000 high-paying jobs and generates $ 3.5 billion a year in the East Valley. The Alliance is working with the Arizona Commerce Authority to extend the sector's reach by obtaining selections of the state of Arizona as
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is often cited along with air conditioning as the genesis of the region's population boom. With three military pilot training fields in the East Valley, military personnel along with mechanics and office workers flocked to the region. Some never left and others came back after the war. The birth of
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The East Valley also boasts three busy general aviation airports: the Chandler Municipal Airport, Falcon Field Airport in Mesa, and the Scottsdale Airport. Falcon Field and Scottsdale Airport served as World War II pilot training fields. British military pilots trained at Falcon Field and Americans
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Mesa is the home of Boeing's sixth largest site where it assembles the Apache Longbow attack helicopter and the A160 Hummingbird unmanned aerial vehicle helicopter. Boeing will test the unmanned helicopter in restricted aerospace near the town of Florence, a short distance south of the East Valley.
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in 1998 at a cost of $ 46 million. It spans 65 acres with 15 buildings. The campus's long-time culinary and automotive technologies programs are highly regarded, but EVIT also serves the East Valley job market with such course offerings as 3D animation, electronics/robotics and engineering science.
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C-4 Systems facility. ASU describes Skysong as "an innovation center designed to help companies grow by providing business services and programs offered or facilitated by Arizona State University. These services include access to new technologies, capital networks, business education and a skilled
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was one of America's fastest growing cities and in 2011 the town showed the spark was still there as it issued 1,545 single-family construction permits. That was a 46-percent increase over 2010. While a long way from the 5,070 single-family construction permits issued by the town in 2004, it was
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In 2007 and 2011 new health science buildings were opened at the main campus and quickly reached capacity. Programs offered to health and science students include biotechnology; nursing; sterile processing and distribution; and dental assisting. Many of the students are on track to enter medical
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is the East Valley's largest city and the 38th largest city in America. But in 1940, Census workers counted only 7,224 people living in Mesa. By the 1950 Census, population had more than doubled to 16,790. It doubled again by 1960 and again in 1970 and more than doubled by 1980. The torrid pace
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began exploring locating a facility in Arizona in the late 1970s. The company bought 160 acres on West Chandler Boulevard in 1978. Intel began operations in 1980. Prior to the Fab 42 announcement Intel had invested over $ 12 billion in high-tech manufacturing capability in the state since 1996.
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Virginia-based Orbital ATK has about half of its workforce in the East Valley. In Chandler, the company designs tests and manufactures space launch vehicles, including the Pegasus and Minotaur rockets. In the town of Gilbert, Orbital ATK assembles and tests satellites. Orbital ATK describes its
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The southern section of the city of Phoenix is known for its popular stucco homes with red-tile roofs. Circle roadways are the norm. The area is located next to South Mountain Park. Ahwatukee has good schools and an abundance of shopping. Considered part of the East Valley, the area draws many
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campus. Intel says that Fab 42 will be the most advanced high-volume semiconductor manufacturing plant in the world. Construction of the facility will require thousands of people to put in more than 10 million hours. The plant is scheduled to open in 2013 and permanently employ 1,000 workers.
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The East Valley is known for golf, eco-tourism and outdoor recreation enthusiasts, including hikers, bikers, birders, river rafters and floaters, fishermen, horse-back riders, climbers, hunters and four-wheel drive desert explorers. The East Valley is bounded on the north, east and south by
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The cost of living in the East Valley is quite low for such a thriving area. It has a composite score of 102 (NOTE: US average = 100), compared to 109 of Las Vegas, Nevada, 110 of Denver, Colorado, 118 of Santa Fe, New Mexico, and 147 of Los Angeles, California.
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Among the sector drivers in the East Valley are the Boeing Corporation, Orbital ATK, Honeywell Aerospace, Able Aerospace Services, Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport, Cessna, and Arizona Laboratories for Security and Defense Research (AZLabs).
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The median sales price of a single family home in the East Valley is $ 205,850. This figure is also higher than the median price of a single family home in Metropolitan Phoenix, the West Valley, all of Arizona, and the United States.
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main campus in Tempe serves more than 49,000 undergraduate students and more than 10,000 graduate students. The ASU Polytechnic Campus in East Mesa serves more than 9,500 undergraduate students and nearly 1,000 graduate students.
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has at times proposed bills which would ease county splits, as part of his effort to split off the East Valley portion of Maricopa County. Such proposed names for a new county for the East Valley included but were not limited to
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Perhaps equally as ironic, the grouping of newspapers that Wahlheim had assembled did not incorporate East Valley into its nameplate until new owners had combined the newspaper's community editions into a single newspaper called
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is currently expanding its Ocotillo campus in Chandler by building a new chip manufacturing facility, called Fab. 42. Intel announced the $ 5 billion investment in its Chandler operation during a 2011 presidential visit to its
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that marked its beginning at the end of 2007, phenomenal population growth was a powerful driver of the East Valley's economy. Even today, construction and maintenance comprises 12.59 percent of the workforce. Like many
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Each of the East Valley's major cities has performing arts centers and museums. The performing arts attractions range from community theater performances to such nationally acclaimed celebrities and performers as
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with a population of 106,919. A group called the Phoenix 40 heavily influenced the region's politics and business matters affecting the entire region. Wahlheim approached Chandler grocery-chain owner
345:). One measure of the academic quality of East Valley schools is that the region qualified 12 schools to compete in the 2012 Arizona Academic Decathlon competition - more than any other region. 212:- newspapers purchased by the Cox newspaper chain out of Atlanta - as a marketing device aimed at giving his company's newspapers creditability as alternatives to the powerful Phoenix-based 361:
The Aerospace and Defense Research Collaboratory, which support aerospace and defense industries is housed at the Polytechnic Campus in the College of Technology and Innovation adjacent to
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regions, the recession took a tremendous toll on home construction and ownership in the East Valley. But there are signs in early 2012 that the housing market is regaining strength.
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presidential debate. The architecturally stunning center in downtown Mesa is the largest arts center in Arizona. It features four theaters, five art galleries, and 14 art studios.
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is on the eastern edge of the East Valley. There are three metropolitan parks—one bordering Scottsdale, one bordering Mesa and one on the south nestled in the San Tan Mountains.
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Private colleges serve another 11,000 students in the East Valley. The community college system has enrolled 160,000 students at five East Valley colleges. They include the
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The 2011 median household income in the East Valley was reported $ 64,659, up from $ 52,100 in 2000. The 2011 median household income is also higher in the East Valley than
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A variety of forces combined to strengthen the East Valley region's identity and political parity, but none was more important than a 30-year surge in population that saw
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Arizona is home to two high volume manufacturing facilities, Fab 12 and Fab 32. Fab 12 began operations in 1996. The $ 3 billion Fab 32 was opened in 2007.
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in East Mesa. The airport and campus are on the grounds of what was Williams Air Force Base and in an area focused on aerospace industry development.
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in a March A1 story focused on metro Phoenix's improving housing market under the headline "Rise in Phoenix Housing Shows Plath for Other Cities."
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is another story of blazing growth. The outgrowth of a railroad crossing that serviced nearby farms, Gilbert numbered only 837 people in the 1940
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According to the East Valley Partnership, the 2011 population of the entire East Valley is 1,324,922. With a population of 439,041 as of the 2010
599:’s Cactus League and marketing drives to attract tourists and retirees to the region also played roles in boosting permanent population growth. 1465: 866:
In the past, there have been some attempts for the East Valley to secede from Maricopa County and form a new county. Former State Senator
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Ten years after the regional concept was introduced, it was politically institutionalized with the state legislature's creation of the
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reported that median March home prices in the Phoenix area climbed by 7 percent over February. Prior to the recession, the "town" of
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has been a major contributor to the community. A fact sheet on the company's website said employees contributed $ 6.6 million to the
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The Gilbert Riparian preserve is well known to birders and is listed in the American Auto Club's 100 sites to see in Arizona. The
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market had increased by 22 percent over February, according to the Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service as reported in the
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The East Valley experienced a population increase of 41 percent, going from 937,638 in 2000 to 1,324,922 in 2011, according to
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with its collection of desert and riparian plants and wildlife is less than 45 minutes from most East Valley locations. The
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East Valley K-12 students are served by 14 school districts, 125 charter schools and one regional career-focused district (
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outpacing in raw numbers the much larger city of Phoenix, which by November had issued less than 1,000 such permits. And
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and asked him to help create a business group to be the East Valley's answer to the Phoenix 40. That group was named the
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Boeing has a workforce in Mesa of 4,700 employees. It utilizes 576 Arizona suppliers and annually spends $ 1.2 billion.
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grew, too, but not at the same rate as it didn't quite double its population in the 30-year span ending in 2010.
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With 33 percent of its population age 25 and above holding bachelor's degrees, higher education is a priority.
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The Phoenix Metropolitan Area (Metro Phoenix) consists of a valley that has multiple city regions in it. The
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contributed to the East Valley's separate identity in the mid-1990s by publishing a Sunday section called
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http://www.defensecommunities.org/headlines/mesa-lab-is-now-azlabs-as-city-creates-new-tech-center/#
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skyrocket from 5,717 to 208,453. The cities in the East Valley literally grew together. The city of
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In 2011 EVIT opened a 10-acre, $ 17 million campus in east Mesa that is clustered with the
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In 1980, Phoenix dwarfed other cities in the region with a population of 789,704.
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east of the city of Phoenix emerged in the early 1980s. Metro Phoenix is in the
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defines its East Valley service area for its ADA Paratransit service to include
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a center of excellence for development and testing of unmanned aerial systems.
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No single company has had a more profound impact on the East Valley than the
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families and people who want to be closer in but still live a suburban life.
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Reagor, Catherine; VanDenburgh, Barbara; Hansen, Ronald J. (15 April 2016).
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One of the crown jewels of the East Valley's performing arts venues is the
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Another promising military facility reuse project is AZLabs, formerly the
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is within a half hour of most East Valley locations and the 21,000 acre
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and the Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area is a 90-minute drive.
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Corporation. The company has 10,300 employees working in the city of
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EVIT also offers tuition-based career education programs for adults.
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was the next biggest city with a population of 152,404, followed by
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during those months, though an occasional bass is also caught.
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PHX East Valley, a project with an area coalition known as the
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http://www.evp-az.org/documents/2012Profile-FINAL_000.pdf
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http://www.azaerospace.com/az_advantage/sucess_stories/
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The main campus opened in 1112:"District - East Valley Institute of Technology" 192:The term "East Valley" to describe that part of 143:, a newspaper that serves the region, considers 685:in Mesa, the Gilbert Historical Museum and the 372:Center in Scottsdale, located not far from the 1545: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1704: 151:as well, but pulled out of the city in 2009. 8: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1236:"Home - East Valley Institute of Technology" 1077:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 796:Past attempts to secede from Maricopa County 300:grow from 29,173 to 236,123 and the town of 1441: 1439: 834:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 533:In addition to its economic contributions, 1711: 1697: 1689: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1303: 665:, the Scottsdale Center for the Arts, the 2031:Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community 854:Learn how and when to remove this message 73:Learn how and when to remove this message 1257: 1255: 1143: 1141: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1055:"The East Valley: 30 years and counting" 615:continued in the following two decades. 486:With over 350 VFR flying days per year. 1230: 1228: 1226: 1224: 887: 728:hugs the East Valley as does the lower 16:Part of Metropolitan Phoenix in Arizona 1205:"The ASU Scottsdale Innovation Center" 1070: 34:contains content that is written like 2088:Geography of Maricopa County, Arizona 1093:http://www.evp-az.org/e-v-profile.php 1053:columnist, Jim Ripley, contributing. 541:and 127,000 volunteer hours in 2009. 7: 1490:"Jobs at Intel in the United States" 832:adding citations to reliable sources 561:As of March 2012, home sales in the 296:nearly triple in its population and 782:Boyce Thompson Arboretum State Park 675:Arizona Historical Society's Museum 415:East Valley Institute of Technology 409:East Valley Institute of Technology 343:East Valley Institute of Technology 252:East Valley Institute of Technology 2093:Geography of Pinal County, Arizona 441:Chandler-Gilbert Community College 387:Chandler-Gilbert Community College 89:is a multi-city region within the 14: 1647:Arizona State University homepage 1642:East Valley Tribune.com newspaper 948:"What Killed East Valley Tribune" 671:Arizona Museum of Natural History 1006:"ADA Paratransit | Valley Metro" 804: 756:Arizona Game and Fish Department 23: 1637:Evp-az.org: East Valley Profile 1161:http://azacadec.org/results.php 1361:"Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport" 1319:"Northrop Grumman Corporation" 754:in the winter and spring. The 700:selected to host the February 1: 1574:Timiraos, Nick (2012-03-14). 477:Air Force Research Laboratory 2024:Native American reservations 659:Chandler Center for the Arts 445:Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport 413:For more than 20 years, the 399:Scottsdale Community College 363:Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport 2036:Gila River Indian Community 2109: 1745:(over 100,000 inhabitants) 769:and just minutes from the 355:Arizona State University's 2083:Phoenix metropolitan area 1894:Smaller suburbs and towns 1798:(over 10,000 inhabitants) 1720:Phoenix metropolitan area 663:Tempe Center for the Arts 657:. The venues include the 368:Another example is ASU's 91:Phoenix Metropolitan Area 1896:(over 5,000 inhabitants) 775:Lost Dutchman State Park 683:Arizona Museum for Youth 603:numbers tell the story. 439:Polytechnic campus, the 437:Arizona State University 349:Arizona State University 1796:Other suburbs and towns 786:Desert Botanical Garden 771:Red Mountain Expressway 702:2012 Republican primary 585:The Wall Street Journal 403:Central Arizona College 238:East Valley Partnership 110:East Valley Partnership 1615:www.mesaartscenter.com 1516:Tribune, Garin Groff. 1365:www.phxmesagateway.org 708:Outdoor and recreation 687:Mesa Historical Museum 641:Earth, Wind & Fire 451:Aviation and aerospace 391:Mesa Community College 105: 1263:http://www.evaaa.org/ 1209:www.skysongcenter.com 896:"Community Close-Ups" 758:stock the river with 726:Tonto National Forest 597:Major League Baseball 104:Superstition Mountain 103: 55:neutral point of view 980:The Arizona Republic 828:improve this section 717:, the San Tans, and 574:The Arizona Republic 443:Williams campus and 313:The Arizona Republic 271:Metropolitan Phoenix 194:Metropolitan Phoenix 1845:Luke Air Force Base 1671: /  1580:Wall Street Journal 1522:East Valley Tribune 1059:East Valley Tribune 1010:www.valleymetro.org 926:East Valley Tribune 873:Red Mountain County 568:East Valley Tribune 330:East Valley Tribune 244:East Valley Tribune 156:Ahwatukee Foothills 141:East Valley Tribune 47:promotional content 1611:"Mesa Arts Center" 1397:2015-10-11 at the 1294:2012-09-15 at the 1268:2013-01-17 at the 1166:2014-11-08 at the 1098:2012-02-13 at the 954:. 10 November 2009 719:McDowell Mountains 395:Rio Salado College 381:Community Colleges 106: 49:and inappropriate 2070: 2069: 1979:Black Canyon City 1470:www.azcentral.com 1424:www.azcentral.com 1012:. 12 October 2017 877:Rio Salado County 864: 863: 856: 792:’s western edge. 730:Salt River valley 277:, and the entire 206:Chandler Arizonan 198:Salt River Valley 83: 82: 75: 2100: 1713: 1706: 1699: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1683: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1675:33.38°N 111.73°W 1672: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1652:Mesa Arts Center 1625: 1624: 1622: 1621: 1607: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1594: 1571: 1565: 1564: 1562: 1561: 1547: 1532: 1531: 1529: 1528: 1513: 1504: 1503: 1501: 1500: 1486: 1480: 1479: 1477: 1476: 1462: 1451: 1450: 1443: 1434: 1433: 1431: 1430: 1416: 1401: 1388: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1357: 1336: 1335: 1333: 1332: 1326:Northrop Grumman 1323: 1315: 1298: 1285: 1272: 1259: 1250: 1249: 1247: 1246: 1232: 1219: 1218: 1216: 1215: 1201: 1195: 1194: 1192: 1191: 1182:. 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-111.73 1655: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1632: 1631:External links 1629: 1627: 1626: 1599: 1566: 1533: 1505: 1481: 1452: 1435: 1402: 1376: 1337: 1299: 1273: 1251: 1220: 1196: 1171: 1152: 1127: 1103: 1084: 1022: 997: 965: 939: 912: 886: 884: 881: 868:Russell Pearce 862: 861: 812: 810: 803: 797: 794: 788:is located on 745:Lake Roosevelt 734:Sonoran Desert 732:basin and the 713:mountains—the 709: 706: 681:in Tempe, the 649:Jane Krakowski 631: 628: 546: 543: 496: 493: 491: 488: 452: 449: 410: 407: 382: 379: 350: 347: 338: 335: 259: 256: 189: 186: 81: 80: 51:external links 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2105: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2078: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2047: 2043: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1892: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1875:Sun City West 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1802: 1800: 1794: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1747: 1741: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1714: 1709: 1707: 1702: 1700: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1616: 1612: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1570: 1567: 1556: 1555:azcentral.com 1552: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1523: 1519: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1495: 1491: 1485: 1482: 1471: 1467: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1425: 1421: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1366: 1362: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1327: 1320: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1241: 1237: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1210: 1206: 1200: 1197: 1186:on 2012-01-10 1185: 1181: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1165: 1162: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1144: 1142: 1140: 1138: 1136: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1117: 1113: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1088: 1085: 1080: 1074: 1060: 1056: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1043: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1035: 1033: 1031: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1011: 1007: 1001: 998: 994: 982: 981: 976: 969: 966: 953: 949: 943: 940: 928: 927: 922: 916: 913: 901: 897: 891: 888: 882: 880: 878: 874: 869: 858: 855: 847: 837: 833: 829: 823: 822: 818: 813:This section 811: 807: 802: 801: 795: 793: 791: 787: 783: 778: 776: 772: 768: 763: 761: 760:Rainbow trout 757: 753: 748: 746: 742: 739:For boaters, 737: 735: 731: 727: 722: 720: 716: 715:Superstitions 707: 705: 703: 699: 695: 690: 688: 684: 680: 676: 673:in Mesa, the 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 655: 650: 646: 642: 638: 629: 627: 625: 621: 616: 613: 609: 604: 602: 598: 593: 589: 587: 586: 580: 576: 575: 570: 569: 564: 559: 557: 552: 549:Prior to the 544: 542: 540: 536: 531: 528: 524: 521: 516: 512: 510: 506: 502: 494: 489: 487: 484: 480: 478: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 450: 448: 446: 442: 438: 433: 430: 426: 423: 418: 416: 408: 406: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 380: 378: 375: 371: 366: 364: 359: 356: 348: 346: 344: 336: 334: 332: 331: 326: 320: 318: 314: 309: 307: 303: 299: 295: 290: 286: 282: 280: 279:United States 276: 272: 267: 265: 257: 255: 253: 248: 246: 245: 240: 239: 234: 230: 226: 221: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 187: 185: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 158: 157: 152: 150: 146: 142: 137: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 102: 98: 96: 92: 88: 77: 74: 66: 56: 52: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 21: 20: 2057:North Valley 2051: 1656: 1618:. 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