425:
around the house, and one day, the animal asks the man if he can marry the youngest daughter, the one the bear fancies the most. The man agrees and gives his youngest to the bear, who takes his intended to his large house. At night, the girl senses someone come to her bed, but cannot see them. One day, she asks the bear if she can visit her relatives. The bear agrees, but warns her not to talk about her domestic life. The girl goes back home and her mother pesters her with questions. The girl eventually yields and tells her mother about the mysterious bedmate, and the woman suggests she lights a candle to better see them at night. The girl returns to the bear's house and follows through with her suggestion. After her bedmate goes to bed, she wakes up, lights the candle and checks on them: it is a handsome youth lying next to her. However, a drop of candlewax falls on his body, and he wakes up with a startle. Feeling betrayed, he admonishes the girl, and says he will depart "to the sun, in the west, and to the moon, in the east" ("к солнцу на запад, к луне на восток", in the original). The youth disappears and the girl goes after him. While walking in the forest, she finds three huts where an old woman lives inside, and gains gifts from each of them: a golden apple in the first; a golden embroidery hoop in the second, and in the third a golden spinning wheel. Finally, the girl reaches the sorceress's castle and stops by a meadow, then draws out the golden objects. The sorceress is drawn to the golden gifts, which the girl trades for three nights with her husband, the bear prince, now in human form. For two nights, the girl cannot wake him up, for the sorceress has given him a sleeping potion, but manages to wake him up on the third, since he avoided drinking the potion. Finally awakened, the bear prince plots with the girl, his true wife, a way to defeat the sorceress: whoever washes the wax stain on his shirt shall have him for husband. The girl agrees to the plan, and both she and the sorceress go to wash it. The sorceress fails, but the girl succeeds, thus marrying the human bear prince as his true wife.
408:. In this tale, a large-nosed woman wants to marry a handsome man, but he rebuffs her. The woman, then, curses him to become a bear. The bear wanders to the forest and finds a hut, where a man lives with his daughter. The animal asks for the man's daughter, in exchange for getting some financial benefits. The bear and the girl live like husband and wife, but he becomes a man at night, and disappears during the day, and she cannot light any candle at home. Eventually, the girl goes back to her father's home and returns with some candles. She lights a candle and sees her bear husband is, in fact, a handsome man. A drop of tallow falls in his shirt, he wakes up and says they must depart. The girl is given a gold spinning wheel and is sent back to her father's hut. The girl decides to go after him and finds him at the house of the large-nosed woman. She tries to sell the spinning wheel for a night with the bear (in human form), but cannot wake him up. On the third night, the girl sells it to the large-nosed woman and wakes him up. The girl and the man decide to play a trick on the large-nosed woman: he will set a challenge for his future bride to wash the tallow spot on his shirt. The large-nosed woman and her maidservants fail, but the girl washes the shirt. For her failure, the large-nosed woman bursts, and the man marries the girl.
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461:, the story is classified as tale type ATU 425A, "The Animal as Bridegroom", a subtype of ATU 425, "The Search for the Lost Husband". In this tale type, the heroine is a human maiden who marries a prince that is cursed to become an animal of some sort. She betrays his trust and he disappears, prompting a quest for him. To atone, she must wear down a numbered pair of metal shoes. On her way to her husband, she asks for the help of the Sun, the Moon and the Wind.
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374:, so that he cannot be woken up. These events recur the next night, after the girl gives the princess the gold carding comb. This time, the girl's weeping and plaintive utterances, as she attempts to awaken the prince, are overheard by imprisoned townspeople within the castle. They report to him what they had overheard. On the
906:
334:. She asks the old woman if she knows the way to the castle that lies east of the Sun and west of the Moon. The old woman cannot tell her the way, but lends her a horse to ride to a neighbor who might be able to, and gives her the apple. The neighbor is sitting outside another mountain, with a golden
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and asks if he will give him his prettiest and youngest daughter; in return, the bear will make the man rich. The girl is reluctant, so the peasant asks the bear to return, and in the meantime, persuades her to marry the bear. The White Bear takes her off to a magnificent enchanted castle. At night,
424:
with the title "Муж-медведь" ("Bear
Husband"), a poor man has five children, two sons and three daughters, all equally beautiful, but the youngest the most beautiful of the three. Some time later, the father decides to move the family to a hut in another forest. However, a white bear begins to roam
382:
The prince tells her how she can save him: He will declare that he will marry anyone who can wash out the tallow stains from his shirt, since his stepmother and her daughter cannot do it. He would call on the girl for this purpose. When she succeeds, he would claim her for his bride. The plan works
349:
The East Wind has never been to the castle that lies east of the Sun and west of the Moon, but believes his stronger brother, the West Wind might have been there. He takes her to the West Wind, who brings her to the South Wind for the same reason. The South Wind brings her to the North Wind, again,
275:
When she grows homesick, the bear agrees that she might go home as long as she agrees that she will never speak with her mother alone, but only when other people are around. At home, her family welcomes her, and her mother makes persistent attempts to speak with her alone. She finally persuades her
763:
features the episode "The True Bride", which was directly based on a German folktale of the same name, but references this story in its ending. The heroine's love is bewitched by a female troll into forgetting her, but the prince is told the truth by the troll's prisoners. In the episode "Hans My
369:
The morning after her arrival at the queen's castle, the girl starts to play with the golden apple. The queen's daughter, who is betrothed to the prince, sees the golden plaything, and says to the girl that she would like to buy it. The girl agrees to part with it in exchange for a night with the
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out, and rage causes the two witches to explode. The spell is broken, and the prince no longer needs to assume his bear form during the day. He and his bride free the prisoners within the castle, and leave it far behind them with all the gold and silver that had been housed within it.
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day, the princess agrees to another night in the prince's bedchamber in exchange for the girl's golden spinning wheel. That night, the prince does not drink the potion that the princess brings him, and so, he is awake for the girl's visit.
1117:
A similar assessment was made by scholar
Andreas John: "The episode of 'buying three nights' in order to recover a spouse is more commonly developed in tales about female heroines who search for their husbands (AT 425, 430, and 432)
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daughter to disclose the entire account about the strange man who sleeps beside her in the dark each night, and leaves before daybreak. In response to the girl's story, she insists that the White Bear must really be a
307:. Falling in love with him at first sight, she kisses him, and spills three drops of tallow on him. Waking him, thus, she is told that if she had waited for a year, he would have been free, but now he must go to his
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626:. Adapted by Anthony Ravenhall for the stage: Cleveland Theatre Company (CTC) in 1994. Directed by Anthony Ravenhall, toured Christmas 1994/5. Also toured 1996/97 Northumberland Theatre Company (NTC).
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he discards his bear form, and comes to her bed as a man. She never sees him, however, because he enters her bedroom after she extinguishes the light, and leaves before daybreak.
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leaf to her desired destination, but would take her there if she was absolutely determined to go there. The girl says she is determined to go there, and so, he takes her there.
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338:. She, also, does not know the way to the castle, but lends the girl another horse to ride to another neighbor who might know, and gives her the carding comb. That
2181:
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1979:
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1984:
1812:
1238:". Издание подготовили М.Н. Власова, В.И. Жекулина. Раздел "Предания" подготовлен А.А. Панченко, С.А. Штырковым. СПб.: Алетейя, 2001. pp. 82–84. (In Russian)
741:. Ultimately, the film was never made due to a loss of financial backing, even though the film was heavily into production at the time of its cancellation.
487:'s study on some 1,100 variants of Cupid and Psyche and related types, he concluded that the bear is the "most usual" form of the supernatural husband in
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Hurbánková, Šárka. (2018). "G. B. Basile and
Apuleius: First literary tales. morphological analysis of three fairytales". In:
280:, gives her a candle, and tells her to light it at night, to see who is sharing her bed, warning her not to spill any tallow.
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In the morning, the girl finds that the palace has vanished. She sets out in search of the prince. Coming to a great
223:
1405:
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Hood, Gwyneth (Winter 1988). "Husbands and Gods as
Shadowbrutes: Beauty and the Beast from Apuleius to C. S. Lewis".
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1236:Традиционный фольклор Новгородской области. Сказки, легенды, предания, былички, заговоры (по записям 1963-1999 г.)
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and lives in a castle that lies "east of the Sun and west of the Moon", and marry her daughter, a witch-princess.
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473:, the main feature of tale type ATU 425A is "bribing the false bride for three nights with the husband".
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to ride to the East Wind, and gives her the golden spinning wheel with which she had been working.
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as tale type ATU 425A, "The Animal (Monster) as
Bridegroom". Other tales of this type include "
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The princess holds up the lamp to take a glimpse at the mysterious prince. Illustration by
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1454:"SurLaLune Fairy Tales: Modern Interpretations of East of the Sun and West of the Moon"
288:
232:
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Asbjørnsen, Peter
Christen; Moe, Jørgen (1899). "41 Østenfor Sol og vestenfor Manne".
448:
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The tale is classified - and gives its name - to the more general tale type ATU 425,
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2135:
1920:
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331:
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old woman does not know the way to the castle either, but lends the girl another
1776:
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751:' version of "East of the Sun and West of the Moon" to musical accompaniment by
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1720:
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1008:
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for the same reason. The North Wind says he once exhausted himself blowing an
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The themes of "East of the Sun and West of the Moon" appear in the 1991 film
405:
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The North Wind carries the maiden across the stormy sea. Illustration from
40:
By candlelight, the heroine discovers the identity of her sleeping husband.
1802:
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indicates a previous tale type extant until 2004. "AaTh" refers to the
256:
777:. The story of the film is almost an exact parallel to the fairy tale.
417:
145:
83:
1307:
Ursache, Otilia. "Chipul tăinuit în basmele populare europene". In:
370:
prince. The princess agrees to the exchange, but gives the prince a
267:
The white bear carries his intended on his back. Illustration from
356:
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343:
282:
277:
262:
1342:
Baba Yaga: The
Ambiguous Mother and Witch of the Russian Folktale
335:
1538:
1225:. Helsingfors. 1917. p. 152 (entry 70.3); 520 (classification).
1042: – 1634 Italian literary fairy tale by Giambattista Basile
2234:
The Tale of the Queen Who Sought a Drink From a
Certain Well
1848:
The
Padisah's Youngest Daughter and Her Donkey-Skull Husband
1223:
Skrifter / utgivna av
Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland
737:
Productions began work on an animated feature film entitled
764:
Hedgehog" the husband also turns from a beast into a human.
303:
The girl obeys, and discovers that the bear is actually an
555:, 1914, translated by G. W. Dasent (1910), illustrated by
1234:Власова, Марина Никитична; Валентина Ивановна Жекулина. "
1172:
Amor and Psyche: The Psychic Development of the Feminine
1060: – Icelandic fairy tale about an animal bridegroom.
535:
and illustrated by the brothers Reginald L. Knowles and
164:"East of the Sun and West of the Moon" was collected by
1062:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
2260:
The Hedgehog, the Merchant, the King and the Poor Man
606:, by D. J. MacHale, illustrated by Vivienne Flesher (
21:
East of the Sun and West of the Moon (disambiguation)
545:, translated by G. W. Dasent (1910), illustrated by
2268:
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2009:
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East of the Sun and West of the Moon: Related Tales
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1417:"Newswatch: Bluth animation film goes bankrupt",
1331:. 23: 81 (footnote nr. 37). 10.5817/GLB2018-2-6.
1054: – Walking songs from The Lord of the Rings
226:". It was likely an offspring from the tale of "
2297:pre-2004; "ATU" refers to the system post-2004.
2048:The Man and the Girl at the Underground Mansion
1187:. New York University Press, 1995. pp. 101–155.
75:ATU 425A, "The Animal (Monster) as Bridegroom"
1980:The Story of Princess Zeineb and King Leopard
1550:
1291:. University of California Press. pp. 97–98.
1058:Sigurd, the King's Son (Icelandic fairy tale)
525:. New York: Moffat, Yard & Company, 1908.
505:Eastward of the Sun, and Westward of the Moon
8:
1813:The Tale of the Woodcutter and his Daughters
1477:SurLaLune Fairy Tales, annotated version of
668:Enchanted: East of the sun, West of the moon
1030: – Classical story of Cupid and Psyche
2006:
1937:
1594:
1557:
1543:
1535:
1267:. Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia. p. 249.
34:
1183:Leavy, Barbara Fass. "The Animal Groom".
182:, and is classified in the international
1406:Special Effects Are Revolutionizing Film
562:"East of the Sun and West of the Moon",
521:, 1908, by Wilbur Herschel Williams, in
499:Retellings and translations into English
330:, she finds an old woman playing with a
1344:. New York: Peter Lang. 2010 . p. 148.
1130:
1110:
785:
442:("The Search for the Lost Husband") of
1143:"East of the Sun and West of the Moon"
614:East of the Sun & West of the Moon
595:East of the Sun & West of the Moon
553:East of the Sun & West of the Moon
543:East o' the Sun & West o' the Moon
529:East o' the Sun & West o' the Moon
25:
1497:. Vol. 2. Kristiania: Aschehoug.
1433:anatisfairywheel (28 November 1991).
1366:. Lund, C.W.K. Gleerup. 1955. p. 228.
1052:J. R. R. Tolkien's use of this phrase
7:
2208:The Dead Prince and the Talking Doll
2172:The Dragon-Prince and the Stepmother
1681:East of the Sun and West of the Moon
1520:East of the Sun and West of the Moon
1508:East of the Sun and West of the Moon
1485:East of the Sun and West of the Moon
1479:East of the Sun and West of the Moon
1253:. Universitetsforlaget, 1984. p. 97.
739:East of the Sun and West of the Moon
573:East of the Sun and West of the Moon
172:. It is related to the cycle of the
134:East of the Sun and West of the Moon
54:East of the Sun and West of the Moon
29:East of the Sun and West of the Moon
2038:The Little Girl Sold with the Pears
1833:The Story of the Abandoned Princess
1250:The Types of the Norwegian Folktale
1073:The Story of the Abandoned Princess
782:Illustrations by Kay Nielsen (1914)
698:, 2019, novel by Joanna Ruth Meyer.
676:, 2013, written and illustrated by
597:, 1980, written and illustrated by
455:The Types of the Norwegian Folktale
1793:Tulisa, the Wood-Cutter's Daughter
1746:About the astonishing husband Horu
1656:The Three Daughters of King O'Hara
1311:, XI (1). 2015. pp. 269, 271-273.
1097:Tulisa, the Wood-Cutter's Daughter
1079:The Three Daughters of King O'Hara
715:(2023), short story collection by
664:, 2009, novel by Sarah Beth Durst.
579:and illustrated by Michael Hague (
222:". The Swedish version is called "
14:
1452:Heiner, Heidi Anne (2020-08-13).
1085:The Three Princesses of Whiteland
674:East of the Sun, West of the Moon
624:East of the Sun, West of the Moon
604:East of the Sun, West of the Moon
515:. London: Chapman and Hall, 1849.
2131:The Feather of Finist the Falcon
1501:
1435:"Kvitebjørn Kong Valemon (1991)"
1046:The Feather of Finist the Falcon
1011:
995:
986:
977:
968:
959:
950:
941:
932:
923:
914:
905:
896:
887:
878:
869:
860:
851:
842:
833:
824:
815:
806:
797:
788:
1661:The White Hound of the Mountain
1522:from Leonora and Andrew Lang's
180:The Search for the Lost Husband
2355:Polar bears in popular culture
440:Østenfor sol og vestenfor måne
142:Østenfor sol og vestenfor måne
63:Østenfor sol og vestenfor måne
1:
1818:Yasmin and the Serpent Prince
1788:The Horse-Devil and the Witch
1219:Finlands svenska folkdiktning
711:"Prince Hat Underground," in
236:, which gave rise to similar
1843:The Snake-Prince Sleepy-Head
1610:Master Semolina/Mr Simigdáli
1363:The Tale of Cupid and Psyche
1185:In Search of the Swan Maiden
1087: – Norwegian fairy tale
513:Fairy Tales From all Nations
2330:Fiction about shapeshifting
2229:The Well of the World's End
1869:The Singing, Springing Lark
1726:Again, The Snake Bridegroom
1686:Prince Hat Under the Ground
1511:public domain audiobook at
1174:. Vol. 24. Routledge, 2013.
1067:The Singing, Springing Lark
1036: – Lithuanian folktale
685:A Court of Thorns and Roses
224:Prince Hat Under the Ground
2371:
2295:Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
2192:The Story of the Hamadryad
2182:Dragon-Child and Sun-Child
2177:The Girl with Two Husbands
1964:Eglė the Queen of Serpents
1798:Khastakhumar and Bibinagar
1741:The Tale of the Little Dog
1263:Fellows, Folklore (2004).
1048: – Russian fairy tale
1034:Eglė the Queen of Serpents
651:Sun and Moon, Ice and Snow
630:Once Upon a Winter's Night
531:, 1910, translated by Sir
523:Fairy Tales From Folk Lore
459:Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index
184:Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index
18:
2325:Witchcraft in fairy tales
2288:
2276:The Old Woman in the Wood
1646:The Daughter of the Skies
1456:. surlalunefairytales.com
1093: – German fairy tale
1069: – German fairy tale
581:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
196:The Daughter of the Skies
166:Peter Christen Asbjørnsen
100:Peter Christen Asbjørnsen
33:
2350:Bears in popular culture
2058:The Tale About Baba-Yaga
1641:The Brown Bear of Norway
1287:Thompson, Stith (1977).
1081: – Irish fairy tale
321:turned him into his form
192:The Brown Bear of Norway
2017:Snow-White and Rose-Red
1676:White-Bear-King-Valemon
1329:Graeco-Latina Brunensia
1091:The Two Kings' Children
775:Kvitebjørn Kong Valemon
749:Rabbit Ears Productions
608:Rabbit Ears Productions
575:retold by Kathleen and
457:. In the international
220:White-Bear-King-Valemon
1711:Sigurd, the King's Son
1651:The Tale of the Hoodie
1636:Black Bull of Norroway
1423:#98 (May 1985), p. 19.
1309:Philologica Jassyensia
1075:- Norwegian fairy tale
392:Finnish-Swedish people
366:
365:by Henry Justice Ford.
300:
272:
271:by Henry Justice Ford.
204:The Tale of the Hoodie
188:Black Bull of Norroway
141:
2320:Scandinavian folklore
2315:Norwegian fairy tales
2090:The Hut in the Forest
1808:The Son of the Ogress
1762:Graciosa and Percinet
1701:Whitebear Whittington
1666:The Sprig of Rosemary
704:, 2019, audiobook by
519:The Mysterious Prince
360:
286:
266:
212:The Sprig of Rosemary
151:. It was included by
2151:The Falcon Pipiristi
1985:María, manos blancas
1864:Beauty and the Beast
1567:Animal as Bridegroom
1494:Norske folke-eventyr
1386:Masters of Animation
733:In the early 1980s,
713:White Cat, Black Dog
242:Beauty and the Beast
175:Animal as Bridegroom
122:Beauty and the Beast
19:For other uses, see
16:Norwegian fairy tale
2141:The Fan of Patience
2053:The Girl as Soldier
1948:The Sleeping Prince
1874:The Small-tooth Dog
1671:The Enchanted Snake
1615:Fairer-than-a-Fairy
1524:The Blue Fairy Book
1384:John Grant, p. 35,
1360:Swahn, Jan Öjvind.
1139:The Blue Fairy Book
770:The Polar Bear King
634:Dennis L. McKiernan
533:George Webbe Dasent
509:Anthony R. Montalba
396:Finnish folklorist
363:The Blue Fairy Book
297:Europa's Fairy Book
269:The Blue Fairy Book
216:The Enchanted Snake
158:The Blue Fairy Book
95:Norske folkeeventyr
2340:Asbjørnsen and Moe
2106:The Prince as Bird
1990:Feather O' My Wing
1879:The Scarlet Flower
1706:The Serpent Prince
1420:The Comics Journal
1200:15.2 (56): 33–60.
670:, by Nancy Madore.
655:Jessica Day George
367:
301:
273:
255:approaches a poor
2302:
2301:
2284:
2283:
2146:The Greenish Bird
2121:The Three Sisters
2116:The Canary Prince
1998:
1997:
1929:
1928:
1900:The Donkey's Head
1767:The Green Serpent
1696:The Enchanted Pig
1350:978-0-8204-6769-6
1274:978-951-41-0963-8
1265:FF Communications
1154:Heidi Anne Heiner
1099:(Indian folktale)
719:, illustrated by
643:, 2003, novel by
564:The Dancing Bears
537:Horace J. Knowles
309:wicked stepmother
305:attractive prince
238:animal bridegroom
200:The Enchanted Pig
130:
129:
2362:
2250:Hans My Hedgehog
2126:The Green Knight
2007:
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1934:Other tale types
1772:The King of Love
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1994:
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1895:The Golden Crab
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1783:The Golden Root
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1731:Prince Crawfish
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2003:Related tales
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2255:The Pig King
2136:Prince Sobur
1921:Filek-Zelebi
1828:Pájaro Verde
1680:
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1478:
1458:. Retrieved
1447:
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1289:The Folktale
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568:W. S. Merwin
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444:Ørnulf Hodne
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336:carding comb
332:golden apple
325:
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133:
131:
93:
90:Published in
62:
2335:ATU 400-459
1916:The Padlock
1777:Prince Wolf
1605:Pintosmalto
1040:Pintosmalto
688:, 2015, by
653:, 2009, by
632:, 2001, by
566:, 1954, by
557:Kay Nielsen
547:P. J. Lynch
507:, 1849, by
481: [
447: [
289:John Batten
153:Andrew Lang
2345:False hero
2309:Categories
2187:Champavati
2074:The Donkey
1721:Trandafiru
1460:2020-08-13
1126:References
717:Kelly Link
696:Echo North
420:tale from
404:tale from
170:Jørgen Moe
149:fairy-tale
124:(ATU 425C)
118:(ATU 425B)
104:Jørgen Moe
1973:AaTh 425N
1941:AaTh 425G
1838:Grünkappe
1736:King Crin
1317:2247-8353
1105:Footnotes
753:Lyle Mays
735:Don Bluth
721:Shaun Tan
702:Beautiful
618:Tina Howe
434:Tale type
146:Norwegian
138:Norwegian
46:Folk tale
2201:AaTh 437
2033:Prunella
2026:AaTh 428
1957:ATU 425M
1909:ATU 425E
1888:ATU 425D
1857:ATU 425C
1803:Habrmani
1755:ATU 425B
1629:ATU 425A
1513:LibriVox
1206:26812032
1198:Mythlore
1005:See also
583:, 1980)
493:Slavonic
489:Germanic
429:Analysis
387:Variants
328:mountain
248:Synopsis
218:", and "
161:(1889).
72:grouping
2269:ATU 442
2243:ATU 441
2217:ATU 440
2160:ATU 433
2099:ATU 432
2083:ATU 431
2067:ATU 430
2010:ATU 426
1620:The Ram
1598:ATU 425
1530:YouTube
495:areas.
418:Russian
299:(1916).
257:peasant
144:) is a
110:Related
2291:Notes:
1392:
1348:
1315:
1295:
1271:
1204:
587:
465:Motifs
412:Russia
84:Norway
80:Region
1202:JSTOR
511:, in
485:]
451:]
416:In a
376:third
352:aspen
344:horse
340:third
317:queen
313:witch
278:troll
230:" in
98:, by
1439:IMDb
1390:ISBN
1346:ISBN
1313:ISSN
1293:ISBN
1269:ISBN
1118:..."
640:East
585:ISBN
491:and
406:Vörå
319:who
311:, a
291:for
214:", "
210:", "
206:", "
202:", "
198:", "
194:", "
190:", "
168:and
102:and
51:Name
1528:on
1221:".
661:Ice
453:'s
295:'s
244:".
178:or
155:in
136:" (
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