696:
4431:, p. 41: "The alveo-palatal unvoiced affricate 'cʃ' = c is found only in non-initial positions and as a doubled consonant. This is an allophone of the dental affricate 'ts' = C. The alveo-palatal voiced affricate 'ɟ͡ʒ' = j, too, is found only in non-initial positions and as a doubled consonant. This is an allophone of the alveolar fricative 'z'. Same is the case with alveo-palatal unvoiced aspirated affricate 'cʃh' = ch. This is an allophone of the dental fricative 's'."
39:
839:
3883:, p. 13: "Comilla. formerly Tippera, in which we include Tripura with its immigrant speakers of nearby districts, is a meeting ground of the Groups in its three neighbouring zones ; viz. Chandpur is closer to Dacca Group, Brahmanberia to Maim. East and Sylhet West, a southern West of Comilla strip shows some Noakhali features. When mentioned separately, Comilla or Kumilla signifies
4654:
826:'western'). Within his Prācya grouping, he created the divisions of "Southeastern" and "Extreme Eastern", which approximately correspond to Chatterji's "Western and Southwestern Vaṅga" and "Eastern and Southeastern Vaṅga", respectively. The Southeastern group is spoken across the modern Bangladeshi divisions of Mymensingh, Dhaka, Barisal, and Khulna, as well as the
4249:, pp. 269–270: "A kind of bilabial , in which the lips are much more widely separated from each other than in the case of the Standard Bengali , with the acoustic effect of to the unaccustomed ear, is the East Vaŋga equivalent of a single of Standard Bengali. : the velar fricative, unvoiced, is found for in East Vaŋga, and in some forms of West Vaŋga as well."
4173:, p. 268: "The retroflex are no longer the cerebrals of OIA. (such as are still found in the Dravidian languages, and in Panjābī for instance among NIA. speeches), but they have advanced forward considerably towards the palato-alveolar region, so much so that to a Bengali there is no difference between the so-called cerebrals of his language and the
1892:, 'tea'), pronounced in Standard Bengali, is pronounced in farther western varieties and in farther eastern varieties of Eastern Bengali. is an allophone of /z/ that more frequently occurs in Southwestern Vaṅga. occurs as an allophone of /t͡s/ and /s/ while occurs as an allophone of /z/ in geminates and
1665:. Učida (1970) provides the alternative interpretation that these aspirates are allophones—, , and —of corresponding voiceless unaspirated stops—/k/, /t/, and /t̪/—which occur when followed by a suprasegmental change in pitch, i.e. tone. Furthermore, some dialects invariably aspirate initial /t̪/ to .
862:
of the
Chittagong Division. Group III or "North East Bengali" is spoken in the eastern half of the Sylhet Division as well as the bordering Barak Valley division of Assam, India. Group IV or "South East Bengali" is spoken in the Chittagong Division, notably excluding the Greater Comilla region. The
2769:
These tones are not limited to voiced aspirates, but are also present as compensation for the aspiration of consonants that were voiceless aspirates in
Standard Bengali. Tone continues to exist in words even if they are not part of a near-identical pair that requires it for the sake of contrast.
867:
and
Tripura state of India, the Bengalis in the latter chiefly being migrants from the former, sit at the confluence of all the major groupings and thus the speech of this region shares features with all the major groups classified by Haldar. Transitionary East Bengali is spoken in the Khulna
3826:, p. 11: "The Maim. East division is dialectally allied to the contiguous areas of Habiganja-Sunamganja of Sylhet West and should be taken together for study, and should include in the former (Maim. E-Sylhet W.) and a large slice (Brahmanberia) of Comilla. Group II or
3850:
of East
Bengali (may also be called 'Sylhet-Kachar' Group) includes Sylhet Central (in Bangladesh now), Sylhet southern i.e. Moulavibazar area (in Banglades as well) ; Karimganja (now in Kachar, i.e. within the Indian Union), and Kachar itself (Indian
967:, 'truth'), for example, pronounced in earlier Bengali, is pronounced in Eastern Bengali and in Standard Bengali. Metathesis also occurs in the case of consonant conjuncts which were once pronounced with as a component even if they do not contain ্য
857:
region is a member of this group, comparable to
Chatterji's "Typical East Bengali". Group II or "Central North East Bengali" is spoken in eastern areas of the Mymensingh and Dhaka divisions, the western half of the Sylhet Division, as well as the
3903:
includes Khulna (Banglades), western
Faridpur and Jessore (except for Bongaon area, Jessore is in Banglades). As a 'transitional' form it is more and more coming under the influence of the Std. Coll. Bg., though the EB dialectal traits are still
3737:, p. 12: "It stretches down the East littoral of the Bay of Bengal into Northern Burmah, its way eastwards being similarly barred by the Hill tribes of Arakan. To the South, it meets the Burmese language in the District of Akyab."
3801:
or the
Central EB Group, which may also be called 'East Bengali General', includes the dialects in general of the districts of (1) Dacca, (2) Faridpur, (3) Bakharganja, (4) Maimansing, (5) Sylhet (west) and (6) Comilla (northern and
1660:
Phonemic voiceless aspirated stops—/kʰ/, /tʰ/, and /t̪ʰ/—have been attributed to some Vaṅga dialects, only contrasting with their unaspirated counterparts in initial position. However, their phonemic status is based on analogy with
849:, in his study of Eastern Bengali, divided all East Bengali dialects into four groups. Group I or "Central East Bengali" spans the modern Bangladeshi divisions of Mymensingh, Dhaka, Faridpur, and Barisal, as well as the district of
1828:
The voiced retroflex flap found in
Standard Bengali is almost always merged with /ɾ/ in Eastern Bengali, though it may occur in a minute number of speakers. This merger of /ɽ/ and /ɾ/ also characterises the Standard Bengali of
834:
district in West Bengal. The
Extreme Eastern group is spoken across the Bangladeshi divisions Sylhet and Chittagong, including Greater Comilla and excluding Greater Noakhali, as well as the Barak Valley division of Assam.
4261:, p. 41: "There is a guttural unvoiced fricative 'x'. This occurs when the unvoiced velar stop is spirantized. There is one labio-dental fricative 'f'. It occurs when the bi-labial unvoiced stop 'p' is spirantized."
933:) 'having done' in Typical East Bengali is , having gone through the medial phase of *; by comparison, the Standard Bengali equivalent is , as the standard language has undergone the additional phonological processes of
1707:, 'ripe'), pronounced in Standard Bengali, may variably be pronounced , , or in Eastern Bengali dialects. is often deleted entirely instead of simply being spirantised, especially when in proximity of . For example,
1878:, 'cold') are respectively pronounced , , and in Standard Bengali but , , and in Typical East Bengali. /t͡s/ in tends to merge with /s/ as the areas of Eastern and Southeastern Vaṅga are approached, such that
1257:
forms of each of its vowels, nasalisation is absent in most dialects of
Eastern Bengali with the notable exception of Southeastern Vaṅga. This lack of nasalisation also characterises the Standard Bengali of
3916:, p. 379: "So far as Bengali is concerned, we see a weakening of « -i, -u » after « å, ā » in the 14th century; and the beginnings of epenthesis certainly go back to that century."
637:, describing the cluster as "Vaṅga Dialects", further divided it into two groups of two: "Western and Southwestern Vaṅga" and "Eastern and Southeastern Vaṅga". Eastern Vaṅga is spoken across the modern
523:'I've eaten-I've gone Bengali'), emphasising the contrast between Eastern Bengali varieties and the standard language in terms of grammar by use of the example phrases "I have eaten" (
3749:, p. 139: "In the border districts of the delta, namely, South Faridpur, East Nadiya, West Jessore, West Khulna, the Rāḍha and Vaŋga forms intermingle, where Rāḍha influences Vaŋga."
660:
of Assam and the state of Tripura in India. Southeastern Vaṅga is spoken in the remaining area of the Chittagong division, corresponding to the former colonial territories of
3952:, p. 382: "Sanskrit ক্ষ « kṣ » had in Bengali, Assamese and Oṛiyā the value of « khy » initially and « -kkhy- « in the interior of a word"
4931:
3928:, p. 137: "অভিশ্রুতি এবং স্বরসঙ্গতি নাই, সুতরাং স্বরধ্বনিতে প্রাচীনত্ব খানিকটা রক্ষিত (যেমন, রাখিয়া > *রাইখিআ > রাইখা, করিয়া > *কইরিয়া > কইরা, দেশি)"
4467:, pp. 44–45: "The tonal element in Panjabi as well as in Eastern Bengali has been noticed in respect of various new ways of treating the voiced aspirates and 'h'."
3666:
3717:
4895:
1250:, generally pronounced . A major exception to this is when the previous vowel is /i/, especially in cases of metathesis, where a fronted allophone is used instead.
4479:, p. 102: "Glottalization is often connected with tone and in the East Bengali cases seem to be related to the evolution of tone from the voiced aspirates."
4345:, p. 142: "and although rarely in some of the Vaŋga tracts « ṛ » does occur, the absence of it can be said to characterise the eastern dialects."
4309:, p. 16: " is one of the most characteristic sounds in the dialect, and, as has been noted, pronounced with the lips so open as to seem to be reduced to "
1019:, 'order'), with the earlier Bengali pronunciation of , has the Typical East Bengali pronunciation of and the Standard Bengali . There is also a tendency to
997:'), with the earlier Bengali pronunciation of , is pronounced or in Eastern Bengali and in Standard Bengali. Such is also the case for the conjunct জ্ঞ (
4640:
3964:, p. 382: "and Sanskrit জ্ঞ « jñ » similarly had the sounds of « gy-, -ggy- », with the nasalisation of the contiguous vowels."
4455:, p. 137: "ঘোষবৎ মহাপ্রাণ, অর্থাৎ চতুর্থ বর্ণ, মহাপ্রাণতা ত্যাগ করিয়া কণ্ঠনলীয়স্পর্শযুক্ত (recursive) তৃতীয় বর্ণে পরিণত হইয়াছে যেমন সিন্ধীতেও"
4391:, p. 143: "The palatals « c, ch, j, jh » are pronounced as dental affricates « t͜s, s, d͜z, z » in Vaŋga and in North Bengal."
1635:
4821:
5091:
3761:, p. 62: "আমরা ধ্বনিতত্ত্ব, রূপতত্ত্ব ও পদক্রম আলোচনা করিয়া বাঙ্গালা উপভাষাগুলিকে দুইটি ভাগে বিভক্ত করিতে পারিঃ (১) পাশ্চাত্য, (২) প্রাচ্য।"
5101:
3940:, p. 144: "« -y » in a consonant nexus brings about epenthesis in Vaŋga and North Bengali, and to some extent in Varêndra."
3988:, p. 144: "and the groups ক্ষ জ্ঞ হ্ম « kṣ, jñ, hm », pronounced like « kkhy, ggỹ, my », behave in the same way"
5060:
4831:
1609:
3976:, p. 137: "য-ফলায় ও যুক্তব্যঞ্জনে অপিনিহিতির মত স্বরাগম হয় (যেমন, সত্য > সইত্ত, ব্রাহ্ম > ব্রাইম্ম, রাক্ষস > রাইক্খস)"
5081:
4826:
4202:
1836:
the Standard Bengali palato-alveolar affricates /t͡ʃ/, /t͡ʃʰ/, as well as /d͡ʒ/ and /d͡ʒʱ/ into , , and , respectively. For example,
5086:
4816:
4356:
4114:
1049:') has the Standard Bengali pronunciation of , or, more commonly, , but may be pronounced in Eastern Bengali as if it were spelt
941:, unlike most Eastern Bengali dialects. Similar occurrences of metathesis occur in the case of consonant conjuncts containing ্য
5106:
1552:
1689:
The voiceless labial and velar plosives also undergo lenition into spirants, such that becomes and becomes or , especially
657:
4048:, p. 40: "A preference for the open vowels and thus 'e' becoming 'ae' if it is not checked by closed vowels 'i' and 'u'."
4633:
4235:,' for example, almost like English T and D without turning up the tip of the tongue much away from the region of the teeth.
1142:
457:
for the sake of broader comparison with other varieties of Bengali. Eastern Bengali is often colloquially referred to by the
1207:) 'blame' are respectively pronounced and in Standard Bengali but and in Typical East Bengali. /o/ may be considered a
5096:
4916:
1545:
1536:
1487:
1167:
1127:
129:
3814:, p. 10: "along with Dacca-Manikganja dialect, Dacca-Vik. is the main source for what is sometimes called Std. EB"
4890:
4872:
4857:
1151:
1099:
4099:, p. 142: "but in the Vaŋga dialects nasalisation is entirely dropped: only in certain Eastern Vaŋga dialects,
1809:, 'soil') is pronounced in Standard Bengali but in Eastern Bengali. However, this does not occur in geminates, so
4678:
2026:
1375:
1360:
134:
5111:
4972:
4801:
4626:
2014:
1576:
1287:
4977:
4862:
3256:
2012:, such that the Standard Bengali phonemes /bʱ/, /d̪ʱ/, /ɖʱ/, /dʒʱ/, and /ɡʱ/ would respectively correspond to /
1823:, 'latrine') remains relatively unchanged across varieties, being in Standard Bengali and in Eastern Bengali.
1590:
1368:
1108:
893:
1760:
is expanded upon in the Noakhali dialect, where all word-initial (and, by extension, ) are pronounced , e.g.
695:
1774:) 'madman' → → , and by some speakers of the Mymensingh and Comilla dialects, who pronounce all as , e.g.
4683:
2020:
1450:
1436:
1386:
906:
809:
782:
641:
573:
506:
474:
439:
415:
391:
367:
343:
288:
264:
180:
114:
4012:, p. 142: "West Bengali « o », original or derived, often becomes « u » in Vaŋga."
4987:
4867:
2036:
2005:
1690:
1676:
1229:
720:
634:
450:
119:
4557:
5055:
5039:
4900:
4806:
3773:, p. 62: "দক্ষিণ-পূর্বঃ—জেলা ২৪ পরগণার পূর্বাংশ, যশোহর জেলা, খুলনা জেলা, ঢাকা বিভাগ এবং নোয়াখালী।"
1645:
1443:
1324:
1315:
859:
4618:
3887:
areas and is put between Group III and Group IV ; it shows features of Dacca and Maimansing also."
1179:
The vowels /e/ and /o/ in the standard language are shifted to /ɛ/ and /u/, respectively. For example,
827:
5034:
4992:
4811:
4738:
3550:
2812:
2041:
1662:
1461:
938:
769:
689:
124:
4967:
3572:
3506:
2031:
2009:
1669:
1420:
1409:
1402:
1292:
934:
821:
794:
673:
665:
653:
585:
518:
299:
202:
72:
4525:
Haldar, Gopal (1929). "A Brief Phonetic Sketch of the Noakhali Dialect of South-Eastern Bengali".
846:
838:
4882:
4852:
4716:
4210:
3332:
2045:
1757:
1335:
1282:
4000:, p. 142: "and the close « ē » of West Bengali frequently becomes open in Vaŋga"
880:
Eastern Bengali is characterised by a considerably smaller phoneme inventory when compared with
38:
4194:
4188:
5018:
5013:
4962:
4926:
4763:
4743:
4711:
4198:
3283:
3060:
Furthermore, the of Standard Bengali is most often deleted in Eastern Bengali dialects. This
2360:
1893:
1721:, 'afternoon'), pronounced in Standard Bengali, is frequently pronounced in Eastern Bengali.
1302:
1247:
1028:
850:
681:
661:
2000:
present in Standard Bengali is notably mostly if not entirely absent in Eastern Bengali. The
4783:
4758:
4728:
4690:
4668:
4653:
4649:
4371:
4333:, p. 42: "When it occurs non-initially we find it as a doubled consonant as in ThaTTa."
4214:
4129:
3479:
3381:
3305:
2044:, disputed this claim, instead describing the deaspiration as leading to the development of
1673:
1625:
1277:
1272:
1208:
1024:
897:
881:
869:
864:
800:
773:
716:
564:
497:
465:
430:
406:
382:
358:
334:
306:
279:
255:
175:
139:
68:
949:
at the end of a conjunct containing it in addition to its current standard usage of simply
590:'I'm eating-I'm going Bengali'), instead juxtaposes the examples of "I am eating" (
4941:
4936:
4778:
4733:
4695:
4673:
3457:
3435:
3408:
1942:
1297:
1116:
1020:
685:
649:
645:
302:
106:
84:
80:
2040:/ in Eastern Bengali. However, Animesh K. Pal, a native speaker of Eastern Bengali from
945:, due to the fact that it had, in earlier Bengali, also represented the addition of the
4847:
4748:
3528:
1833:
1680:
1240:
1136:
677:
166:
76:
237:
5075:
4957:
4921:
4768:
4103:, Chittagongese, nasalisation has recently developed from a Bengali intervocal «-m-»"
1997:
1973:) /uʃäʃ/ → 'breath', and be either retained or deleted in word-final position, e.g.
1725:
1081:
190:
4997:
4773:
3015:
917:
196:
97:
4193:(Repr. Calcutta, 1920. ed.). New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p.
4520:, vol. V, Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent, Government Printing, India
872:, which shares features with both Standard Bengali and Eastern Bengali dialects.
4982:
2923:
2008:
described the deaspirated voiced consonants present in Eastern Bengali as being
2001:
1959:) /ʃälä/ → 'brother-in-law', be deleted entirely in word-medial position, e.g.
1599:
1236:
1093:
1076:
831:
485:
4217:
in our speech. If we carefully notice our pronunciation of the letters of the '
4375:
4133:
3658:
3354:
3061:
1728:, and are interchangeable in most dialects of Eastern Bengali. For example,
1309:
1159:
1086:
950:
638:
310:
49:
853:
in Chittagong Division. The de facto Standard East Bengali spoken around the
3073:
2779:
2057:
1980:
1966:
1952:
1931:
1917:
1903:
1885:
1871:
1857:
1843:
1816:
1802:
1781:
1767:
1749:
1735:
1714:
1700:
1525:
1471:
1254:
1232:
1218:
1200:
1186:
1056:
1038:
1012:
998:
986:
972:
960:
946:
926:
854:
708:
230:
218:
4558:"Phonemes of a Dacca Dialect of Eastern Bengali and the Importance of Tone"
3785:, p. 63: "পূর্ব-প্রান্তিকঃ—কাছাড় হইতে চট্টগ্রাম পর্যন্ত সমস্ত স্থান।"
453:
often cited a more generalised variant of Eastern Bengali which he dubbed
4753:
1792:
994:
184:
842:
A map showing the dialects of Eastern Bengali according to Gopal Haldar.
4722:
1345:
712:
314:
93:
1795:
to a voiced allophone in most Eastern Bengali dialects. For example,
1686:
Voiceless stops—/k/, /t/, and /p/—undergo lenition in most varieties.
1046:
700:
669:
489:
458:
318:
1031:, even when there is no etymological basis to do so. For example,
837:
704:
694:
53:
4503:
Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1931). "Recursives in New Indo-Aryan".
2434:
4622:
4024:, p. 137: "এ-কার প্রায়ই অ্যা-কারে এবং ও-কার উ-কারে পরিণত"
672:. Western Vaṅga is spoken across the Bangladeshi divisions of
1211:
due to it not merging with /u/ in rare instances, such as in
916:) from an earlier stage of Bengali. Thus, the equivalent of
830:
region of the Chittagong division and eastern parts of the
4573:
Ray, Punya Sloka; Hai, Muhammad Abdul; Ray, Lila (1966),
1005:), which had the value of in earlier Bengali. Hence,
772:
divided all Bengali dialects into two groups: Prācya (
3583:
3561:
3539:
3517:
3490:
3468:
3446:
3419:
3392:
3365:
3343:
3316:
3294:
3267:
911:
814:
787:
578:
511:
479:
444:
420:
396:
372:
348:
293:
269:
5048:
5027:
5006:
4950:
4909:
4881:
4840:
4794:
4704:
4661:
1239:such as /i/ or /u/. This raising may also occur in
228:
216:
211:
163:
103:
59:
45:
21:
4496:The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language
3871:includes the dialects of Chittagong and Noakhali."
1668:Like Standard Bengali, Eastern Bengali lacks true
868:division as well as Western Greater Faridpur i.e.
4364:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
4122:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
4540:A Comparative Grammar of East Bengali Dialects
979:), whose value in earlier Bengali was . Hence
492:. It may also be referred to by names such as
4634:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4213:letters are not so much cerebral as they are
3577:
3555:
3533:
3511:
3484:
3462:
3440:
3413:
3386:
3359:
3337:
3310:
3288:
3261:
1974:
1960:
1946:
1925:
1911:
1897:
1879:
1865:
1851:
1837:
1810:
1796:
1775:
1761:
1743:
1729:
1708:
1694:
1212:
1194:
1180:
1050:
1032:
1006:
980:
954:
920:
618:
609:
600:
591:
551:
542:
533:
524:
8:
2492:container of fish made from bamboo shavings
1756:, 'beggar') may often be pronounced . This
541:in Typical East Bengali) and "I have gone" (
4440:
4318:
4294:
4282:
4270:
3782:
3770:
3758:
3679:
1253:Although Western Bengali features distinct
608:in Typical East Bengali) and "I am going" (
4641:
4627:
4619:
4209:yet it is to be noted as a fact, that the
684:. Southwestern Vaṅga is spoken across the
559:in Typical East Bengali). A similar name,
37:
18:
4388:
4342:
4246:
4170:
4158:
4096:
4009:
3997:
3985:
3961:
3949:
3937:
3913:
3746:
3703:
3691:
3657:Morshed, Abul Kalam Manzur (5 May 2014).
3632:
688:, where Eastern Bengali transitions into
668:, and historically extended further into
4400:
4223:' class we will see that we articulate '
3734:
3608:
3241:
3066:
2772:
2050:
1742:, 'comb') may often be pronounced and
1266:
1070:
953:the previous consonant in the conjunct.
317:, thus covering majority of the land of
4411:, and there is no difference between চ
3601:
1235:, and , that occur when followed by a
4802:Bengali language movement (Bangladesh)
4476:
4306:
4060:
4033:
3896:
3880:
3860:
3839:
3823:
3811:
3794:
3064:has also been said to result in tone.
4146:
4084:
4056:
4054:
7:
4527:Journal of the Department of Letters
3339:য়্য়্য়ক জনের্ দুইডী ছাওয়াল্ আছিলো
1027:of vowels with if they precede any
764: Western and Southwestern Vaṅga
758: Eastern and Southeastern Vaṅga
5061:States of India by Bengali speakers
4832:Bengali language movement (Manbhum)
4611:Der Bengali Dialekte von Chittagong
4464:
4452:
4428:
4330:
4258:
4190:The history of the Bengali language
4072:
4045:
4021:
3973:
3925:
3828:Maimansing East - Sylhet West Group
3644:
3620:
1945:to in word-initial position, e.g.
5056:Bengali input methods in computers
4827:Bengali Language Movement in India
4822:Bengali Language Movement in Assam
4807:Language Movement Day (Bangladesh)
1679:stops of the standard language to
892:Eastern Bengali notably preserves
14:
4817:International Mother Language Day
4516:Grierson, George Abraham (1903),
3899:, p. 12: "'Transitional' or
2035:
2025:
2019:
2013:
1832:Eastern Bengali dialects tend to
1644:
1634:
1608:
1589:
1575:
1551:
1544:
1535:
1486:
1460:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1385:
1374:
1367:
1359:
1334:
1323:
1314:
1166:
1150:
1141:
1126:
1107:
1098:
799:'eastern') and Pāścātya (
4652:
4577:, Center for Applied Linguistics
4494:Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1926),
4357:"Bengali (Bangladeshi Standard)"
4115:"Bengali (Bangladeshi Standard)"
3669:from the original on 2021-01-29.
3513:উগ্গা মাইন্শর দুয়া ফোয়া আছিল্
3290:অ্যাক্ জোন মান্শির দুই ছওাল ছিলো
3269:kono êk bektir duṭi putrô chhilô
1672:. However it further fronts the
4602:বাংলাদেশের আঞ্চলিক ভাষার অভিধান
4187:Mazumdar, Bijaychandra (2000).
3394:êk zôn mansher dugga pola asilô
3388:এক জন মান্ষের দুগ্গা পোলা আছিল
1910:, 'child') /bat͡sːa ~ basːa/ ,
5092:Bengali language in Bangladesh
4613:(in German), Otto Harrassowitz
4600:Shahidullah, Muhammad (1965),
4591:Shahidullah, Muhammad (1958),
4562:Journal of the Asiatic Society
4355:Khan, Sameer ud Dowla (2010).
4113:Khan, Sameer ud Dowla (2010).
3716:Esh, Dhruba (3 October 2019).
3535:একজন মাইন্সের দুগা হোলা আছিল্
3464:একজন মানুষর দুগুয়া পুয়া আছিল
3263:কোন এক ব্যক্তির দুটি পুত্র ছিল
1:
4917:Bangla Academy Literary Award
4873:Pôshchim Bônggô Natyô Akademi
4858:PôshchimBônggô Bangla Akademi
4595:(in Bengali), মাওলা ব্রাদার্স
4586:(in Bengali), পাঁচুগোপাল রায়
4177:of English, alveolar sounds."
3541:êkzôn mainsher duga hola asil
3470:êkzôn manushôr dugua ṗua asil
3296:êk zon manshir dui sôwal silo
5102:Eastern Indo-Aryan languages
4551:, Cambridge University Press
3842:, p. 12: "Group III or
1924:, 'inch') /int͡si ~ insi/ ,
488:due to its association with
16:Group of dialects of Bengali
4604:(in Bengali), বাংলা একাডেমী
4498:, Calcutta University Press
4407:is pronounced like English
3863:, p. 12: "Group IV or
3584:
3562:
3540:
3518:
3491:
3469:
3447:
3420:
3393:
3366:
3345:êk zôner duid̹i sawal asilo
3344:
3317:
3295:
3268:
912:
815:
788:
579:
512:
480:
445:
421:
397:
373:
349:
294:
270:
5128:
4518:Linguistic Survey of India
3797:, p. 10: "Group I or
3519:ugga mainshor dua füa asil
3448:küno manushôr dui ṗua asil
3442:কোন মানুষর দুই পুয়া আছিল্
3421:êk shôksher dui bêṭa asilô
2869:young ones of the animals
2510:bending from side to side
1023:, leading to the frequent
626:in Typical East Bengali).
5082:Bengali language in India
4973:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
4863:Bônggiyô Sahityô Pôrishôd
4575:Bengali Language Handbook
4547:Masica, Colin P. (1991),
4376:10.1017/S0025100310000071
4231:
4225:
4219:
4134:10.1017/S0025100310000071
3578:
3556:
3534:
3512:
3500:
3485:
3463:
3441:
3429:
3414:
3387:
3360:
3338:
3326:
3311:
3289:
3277:
3262:
1975:
1961:
1947:
1926:
1912:
1898:
1880:
1866:
1852:
1838:
1811:
1797:
1776:
1762:
1744:
1730:
1709:
1695:
1624:
1598:
1565:
1529:
1524:
1503:
1475:
1470:
1429:
1349:
1344:
1308:
1269:
1213:
1195:
1181:
1051:
1033:
1007:
981:
955:
921:
901:
804:
777:
630:Geographical distribution
619:
610:
601:
592:
568:
552:
543:
534:
525:
501:
469:
434:
410:
386:
362:
338:
283:
259:
36:
31:
26:
5087:Languages of West Bengal
4978:Nathaniel Brassey Halhed
4609:Učida, Norihiko (1970),
4556:Pal, Animesh K. (1965).
4549:The Indo-Aryan Languages
3415:এক শক্সের দুই বেটা আছিল
2004:linguists Chatterji and
770:Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah
734: Southwestern Rāḍha
690:Central Standard Bengali
617:in Standard Bengali but
599:in Standard Bengali but
550:in Standard Bengali but
532:in Standard Bengali but
5107:Languages of Bangladesh
4593:বাঙ্গালা ভাষার ইতিবৃত্ত
4403:, p. 224: "Then চ
3318:êk zoner duṭô sôl silô'
703:(and some districts of
561:Khaitesi-Zaitesi Bangla
321:and surrounding areas.
4988:Suniti Kumar Chatterji
4538:Haldar, Gopal (1986),
3869:'South-Eastern Group'
3848:'North-Eastern Group'
3492:êk bêd̹ar dui ṗut asil
3486:এক বেডার দুই পুৎ আচিল্
1987:) /mänuʃ/ → 'people'.
1941:/ʃ/ has a tendency to
1938:, 'honour') /izːɔt̪/ .
843:
766:
721:Suniti Kumar Chatterji
635:Suniti Kumar Chatterji
580:khaitesi-zaitesi baṅla
5040:Cinema of West Bengal
4932:Sahitya Akademi Award
4868:Bishwô Sahityô Kendrô
4841:Language institutions
4582:Sen, Sukumar (1957),
3579:একজনের দুই হুত্ আছিল্
3563:êkzôner dui hola asil
3557:একজনের দুই হোলা আছিল্
3367:êk zôner dui ṗut asil
3361:এক জনের দুই পুৎ আছিল্
3078:Standard Bengali IPA
2784:Standard Bengali IPA
2062:Standard Bengali IPA
971:itself, such as ক্ষ (
860:Brahmanbaria District
841:
698:
658:Barak Valley Division
569:খাইতেছি-যাইতেছি বাংলা
5097:Languages of Tripura
5035:Cinema of Bangladesh
4993:Muhammad Shahidullah
3901:Khulna-Jessore Group
3585:êkzôner dui hut asil
3248:A man had two sons.
3081:Eastern Bengali IPA
2813:Eutropiichthys vacha
2787:Eastern Bengali IPA
2065:Eastern Bengali IPA
2010:implosive consonants
455:Typical East Bengali
329:It is also known as
4968:Rabindranath Tagore
3865:Chittagong-Noakhali
3501:Southeastern Vaṅga
3312:এক জোনের দুট ছল ছিল
3278:Southwestern Vaṅga
2416:container of paddy
1996:The aspiration and
1724:When followed by a
740: Eastern Rāḍha
728: Western Rāḍha
666:Chittagong District
73:Chittagong Division
4853:Shilpakala Academy
4795:Language movements
4679:consonant clusters
4505:Indian Linguistics
2636:a kind of earring
1894:consonant clusters
844:
767:
711:) which shows the
494:Khaisi-Gesi Bangla
309:spoken in most of
5069:
5068:
5019:Kolkata Book Fair
5014:Ekushey Book Fair
4963:Kazi Nazrul Islam
4927:Rabindra Puraskar
4441:Shahidullah (1965
4319:Shahidullah (1965
4295:Shahidullah (1965
4283:Shahidullah (1965
4271:Shahidullah (1965
3680:Shahidullah (1958
3593:
3592:
3235:
3234:
3058:
3057:
2961:to cut in pieces
2767:
2766:
1791:Intervocalic /t/
1657:
1656:
1568:
1532:
1506:
1478:
1432:
1352:
1228:/ɛ/ and /ɔ/ have
1176:
1175:
1029:consonant cluster
910:
825:
813:
798:
786:
662:Noakhali District
589:
577:
522:
513:khaisi-gesi baṅla
510:
478:
443:
419:
395:
371:
347:
292:
268:
245:
244:
32:Bangali (বঙ্গালী)
5119:
5112:Bengali dialects
4656:
4650:Bengali language
4643:
4636:
4629:
4620:
4614:
4605:
4596:
4587:
4578:
4569:
4552:
4543:
4534:
4521:
4512:
4499:
4480:
4474:
4468:
4462:
4456:
4450:
4444:
4443::155, 851, 1025)
4438:
4432:
4426:
4420:
4398:
4392:
4386:
4380:
4379:
4361:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4322:
4316:
4310:
4304:
4298:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4221:
4184:
4178:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4119:
4110:
4104:
4094:
4088:
4087:, pp. 16–17
4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4049:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3894:
3888:
3878:
3872:
3858:
3852:
3837:
3831:
3821:
3815:
3809:
3803:
3792:
3786:
3783:Shahidullah 1958
3780:
3774:
3771:Shahidullah 1958
3768:
3762:
3759:Shahidullah 1958
3756:
3750:
3744:
3738:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3654:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3242:
3067:
2773:
2287:vitrified brick
2051:
2039:
2029:
2023:
2017:
1978:
1977:
1964:
1963:
1950:
1949:
1929:
1928:
1915:
1914:
1901:
1900:
1883:
1882:
1869:
1868:
1855:
1854:
1841:
1840:
1814:
1813:
1800:
1799:
1788:) → → 'dove'.
1779:
1778:
1765:
1764:
1747:
1746:
1733:
1732:
1712:
1711:
1698:
1697:
1691:intervocalically
1648:
1638:
1612:
1593:
1579:
1566:
1555:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1504:
1490:
1476:
1464:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1430:
1389:
1378:
1371:
1363:
1350:
1338:
1327:
1318:
1267:
1216:
1215:
1209:marginal phoneme
1198:
1197:
1193:) 'country' and
1184:
1183:
1170:
1154:
1145:
1130:
1111:
1102:
1071:
1054:
1053:
1036:
1035:
1025:diphthongisation
1010:
1009:
984:
983:
958:
957:
924:
923:
915:
905:
903:
882:Standard Bengali
870:Rajbari District
865:Comilla District
828:Greater Noakhali
820:
818:
808:
806:
793:
791:
781:
779:
763:
757:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
717:Bengali Language
622:
621:
613:
612:
604:
603:
595:
594:
584:
582:
572:
570:
555:
554:
546:
545:
537:
536:
528:
527:
517:
515:
505:
503:
502:খাইছি-গেছি বাংলা
483:
473:
471:
448:
438:
436:
424:
414:
412:
400:
390:
388:
376:
366:
364:
352:
342:
340:
297:
287:
285:
273:
263:
261:
240:
221:
176:Bengali alphabet
169:
135:Bengali-Assamese
109:
69:Barisal Division
41:
19:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5044:
5023:
5002:
4946:
4942:Ananda Puraskar
4937:Bankim Puraskar
4910:Literary awards
4905:
4891:Folk literature
4877:
4836:
4790:
4700:
4662:Written Bengali
4657:
4647:
4617:
4608:
4599:
4590:
4581:
4572:
4555:
4546:
4537:
4524:
4515:
4502:
4493:
4489:
4484:
4483:
4475:
4471:
4463:
4459:
4451:
4447:
4439:
4435:
4427:
4423:
4399:
4395:
4387:
4383:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4341:
4337:
4329:
4325:
4317:
4313:
4305:
4301:
4293:
4289:
4281:
4277:
4269:
4265:
4257:
4253:
4245:
4241:
4205:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4169:
4165:
4159:Chatterji (1931
4157:
4153:
4145:
4141:
4117:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4095:
4091:
4083:
4079:
4071:
4067:
4059:
4052:
4044:
4040:
4032:
4028:
4020:
4016:
4008:
4004:
3996:
3992:
3984:
3980:
3972:
3968:
3960:
3956:
3948:
3944:
3936:
3932:
3924:
3920:
3912:
3908:
3895:
3891:
3879:
3875:
3859:
3855:
3838:
3834:
3822:
3818:
3810:
3806:
3793:
3789:
3781:
3777:
3769:
3765:
3757:
3753:
3745:
3741:
3733:
3729:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3704:Chatterji (1926
3702:
3698:
3692:Chatterji (1926
3690:
3686:
3678:
3674:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3643:
3639:
3633:Chatterji (1926
3631:
3627:
3619:
3615:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3582:
3560:
3538:
3516:
3489:
3467:
3445:
3418:
3403:
3399:
3391:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3342:
3315:
3293:
3266:
3240:
3213:two and a half
2324:of maidservant
1994:
1663:Western Bengali
1288:Palato-alveolar
1265:
1069:
890:
878:
765:
761:
759:
755:
753:
749:
747:
743:
741:
737:
735:
731:
729:
725:
686:Khulna Division
656:along with the
650:Greater Comilla
632:
327:
303:dialect cluster
248:Eastern Bengali
236:
217:
170:
165:
159:
145:Eastern Bengali
110:
107:Language family
105:
92:
87:
85:Sylhet Division
81:Khulna Division
66:
52:
22:Eastern Bengali
17:
12:
11:
5:
5125:
5123:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5074:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5058:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5010:
5008:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4887:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4848:Bangla Academy
4844:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4749:Dhakaiya Kutti
4746:
4741:
4736:
4726:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4705:Spoken Bengali
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4623:
4616:
4615:
4606:
4597:
4588:
4584:ভাষার ইতিবৃত্ত
4579:
4570:
4553:
4544:
4535:
4522:
4513:
4500:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4469:
4457:
4445:
4433:
4421:
4393:
4389:Chatterji 1926
4381:
4370:(2): 221–225.
4347:
4343:Chatterji 1926
4335:
4323:
4311:
4299:
4287:
4275:
4263:
4251:
4247:Chatterji 1926
4239:
4204:978-8120614529
4203:
4179:
4171:Chatterji 1926
4163:
4151:
4139:
4128:(2): 221–225.
4105:
4097:Chatterji 1926
4089:
4077:
4065:
4050:
4038:
4026:
4014:
4010:Chatterji 1926
4002:
3998:Chatterji 1926
3990:
3986:Chatterji 1926
3978:
3966:
3962:Chatterji 1926
3954:
3950:Chatterji 1926
3942:
3938:Chatterji 1926
3930:
3918:
3914:Chatterji 1926
3906:
3889:
3873:
3853:
3832:
3816:
3804:
3787:
3775:
3763:
3751:
3747:Chatterji 1926
3739:
3727:
3718:"তোমার যে ফুল"
3708:
3696:
3684:
3672:
3649:
3637:
3625:
3613:
3609:Grierson (1903
3600:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3430:Eastern Vaṅga
3427:
3426:
3424:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3397:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3370:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3327:Western Vaṅga
3324:
3323:
3321:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3123:sleeve, ladle
3121:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3071:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2833:selected fish
2831:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2777:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2055:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1939:
1864:, 'six'), and
1830:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1789:
1722:
1684:
1681:apico-alveolar
1666:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1641:
1639:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1540:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1321:
1319:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1244:
1241:open syllables
1226:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1164:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1146:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1105:
1103:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1065:
889:
886:
877:
874:
760:
754:
752: Kāmarūpa
748:
746: Varendra
742:
736:
730:
724:
631:
628:
326:
323:
243:
242:
234:
226:
225:
222:
214:
213:
212:Language codes
209:
208:
207:
206:
200:
194:
188:
178:
171:
167:Writing system
164:
161:
160:
158:
157:
156:
155:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
149:
148:
147:
113:
111:
104:
101:
100:
77:Dhaka Division
61:
57:
56:
47:
46:Native to
43:
42:
34:
33:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5124:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5026:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5005:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4958:Ram Mohan Roy
4956:
4955:
4953:
4951:Personalities
4949:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4922:Ekushey Padak
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4812:Shoheed Minar
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4655:
4651:
4644:
4639:
4637:
4632:
4630:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4612:
4607:
4603:
4598:
4594:
4589:
4585:
4580:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4554:
4550:
4545:
4541:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4523:
4519:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4501:
4497:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4478:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4449:
4446:
4442:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4401:Grierson 1903
4397:
4394:
4390:
4385:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4339:
4336:
4332:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4264:
4260:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4216:
4212:
4206:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4191:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4143:
4140:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4090:
4086:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3931:
3927:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3907:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3854:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3735:Grierson 1903
3731:
3728:
3723:
3719:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3676:
3673:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3605:
3602:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3237:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1998:breathy voice
1991:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1845:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1737:
1727:
1726:rounded vowel
1723:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
919:
914:
908:
899:
895:
887:
885:
883:
875:
873:
871:
866:
861:
856:
852:
848:
840:
836:
833:
829:
823:
817:
811:
802:
796:
790:
784:
775:
771:
722:
719:according to
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
640:
636:
629:
627:
625:
616:
607:
598:
587:
581:
575:
566:
562:
558:
549:
540:
531:
520:
514:
508:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
481:bangal bhasha
476:
467:
463:
462:Bangal Bhasha
460:
456:
452:
447:
441:
432:
428:
423:
417:
408:
404:
399:
393:
384:
380:
375:
369:
360:
356:
351:
345:
336:
332:
324:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
301:
296:
290:
281:
277:
272:
266:
257:
253:
249:
239:
235:
233:
232:
227:
223:
220:
215:
210:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:Sylhet Nagari
189:
186:
182:
179:
177:
174:
173:
172:
168:
162:
146:
143:
142:
141:
138:
137:
136:
133:
132:
131:
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
121:
118:
117:
116:
115:Indo-European
112:
108:
102:
99:
95:
91:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
65:
62:
58:
55:
51:
48:
44:
40:
35:
30:
25:
20:
4998:Humayun Azad
4774:Sadhu bhasha
4739:Chittagonian
4721:
4684:Romanization
4610:
4601:
4592:
4583:
4574:
4565:
4561:
4548:
4542:, Puthipatra
4539:
4530:
4526:
4517:
4508:
4504:
4495:
4487:Bibliography
4472:
4460:
4448:
4436:
4424:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4396:
4384:
4367:
4363:
4350:
4338:
4326:
4314:
4302:
4290:
4278:
4266:
4254:
4242:
4208:
4189:
4182:
4174:
4166:
4154:
4142:
4125:
4121:
4108:
4100:
4092:
4080:
4075:, p. 40
4068:
4061:Haldar (1986
4041:
4036:, p. 17
4029:
4017:
4005:
3993:
3981:
3969:
3957:
3945:
3933:
3921:
3909:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3876:
3868:
3864:
3856:
3847:
3844:Sylhet Group
3843:
3835:
3827:
3819:
3807:
3798:
3790:
3778:
3766:
3754:
3742:
3730:
3722:Bhorer Kagoj
3721:
3711:
3699:
3687:
3675:
3663:বাংলাপিডিয়া
3662:
3652:
3640:
3628:
3616:
3604:
3551:Chhagalnaiya
3400:
3373:
3105:sugar apple
3059:
2823:bāchā mācha
2811:
2768:
2690:boiled rice
2002:West Bengali
1995:
1984:
1970:
1956:
1935:
1921:
1907:
1889:
1875:
1861:
1850:, 'thief'),
1847:
1820:
1806:
1785:
1771:
1753:
1739:
1718:
1704:
1677:postalveolar
1355:unaspirated
1222:
1204:
1190:
1060:
1042:
1021:hypercorrect
1016:
1002:
990:
976:
968:
964:
942:
930:
891:
879:
847:Gopal Haldar
845:
768:
633:
623:
614:
605:
596:
560:
556:
547:
538:
529:
493:
461:
454:
426:
402:
378:
374:pūrbôbôṅgīẏô
363:পূর্ববঙ্গীয়
355:Pūrvavaṅgīẏa
354:
330:
328:
275:
251:
247:
246:
241: Vanga
229:
205:(historical)
199:(historical)
197:Perso-Arabic
193:(historical)
144:
130:Eastern Zone
120:Indo-Iranian
98:Barak Valley
89:
67:
63:
5007:Mega-events
4983:John Beames
4477:Masica 1991
4307:Haldar 1929
4147:Učida (1970
4034:Haldar 1986
3897:Haldar 1986
3881:Haldar 1986
3861:Haldar 1986
3840:Haldar 1986
3824:Haldar 1986
3812:Haldar 1986
3799:Dacca Group
3795:Haldar 1986
3257:Sādhu Bhāṣā
3054:do lift up
3036:front step
2801:bācā mācha
2672:rheumatism
2444:ḍima, ḍimā
2042:Narayanganj
1943:debuccalise
1829:Bangladesh.
1670:retroflexes
1600:Approximant
1258:Bangladesh.
1248:centralized
1237:close vowel
918:Sādhu Bhāṣā
832:24 Parganas
639:Bangladeshi
486:West Bengal
300:nonstandard
181:Latin-Roman
5076:Categories
4883:Literature
4717:Vocabulary
4297::51, 1003)
4273::648, 695)
4085:Učida 1970
3802:western)."
3596:References
3573:Lakshmipur
3507:Chittagong
3355:Mymensingh
3238:Comparison
3062:h-dropping
2441:ডিম, ডিমা
2306:earthworm
1834:spirantise
1396:aspirated
1263:Consonants
1233:allophones
951:geminating
894:metathesis
888:Metathesis
816:pashchatyô
674:Mymensingh
654:Chittagong
652:region of
470:বাঙাল ভাষা
311:Bangladesh
203:Portuguese
125:Indo-Aryan
64:Bangladesh
50:Bangladesh
4744:Christian
4712:Phonology
3645:Sen (1957
3621:Sen (1957
3333:Manikganj
3074:ISO 15919
2887:of glass
2877:kām̐cēra
2851:you want
2820:বাছা মাছ
2798:বাচা মাছ
2780:ISO 15919
2564:donation
2546:do catch
2058:ISO 15919
1981:ISO-15919
1967:ISO-15919
1953:ISO-15919
1932:ISO-15919
1918:ISO-15919
1904:ISO-15919
1886:ISO-15919
1872:ISO-15919
1858:ISO-15919
1844:ISO-15919
1817:ISO-15919
1803:ISO-15919
1782:ISO-15919
1768:ISO-15919
1750:ISO-15919
1736:ISO-15919
1715:ISO-15919
1701:ISO-15919
1531:voiceless
1526:Fricative
1477:voiceless
1472:Affricate
1351:voiceless
1293:Retroflex
1255:nasalised
1225:) 'wash'.
1219:ISO-15919
1201:ISO-15919
1187:ISO-15919
1117:Close-mid
1057:ISO-15919
1039:ISO-15919
1013:ISO-15919
999:ISO-15919
987:ISO-15919
973:ISO-15919
961:ISO-15919
947:semivowel
927:ISO-15919
913:ôpinihiti
907:romanized
902:অপিনিহিতি
876:Phonology
855:Bikrampur
810:romanized
805:পাশ্চাত্য
783:romanized
709:Jharkhand
699:A map of
574:romanized
530:kheẏechhi
507:romanized
475:romanized
451:Chatterji
440:romanized
416:romanized
392:romanized
368:romanized
344:romanized
289:romanized
265:romanized
231:Glottolog
219:ISO 639-3
4784:Varendri
4764:Rangpuri
4759:Manbhumi
4754:Dobhashi
4729:Dialects
4691:Numerals
4669:Alphabet
4568:: 39–48.
4511:: 15–44.
4465:Pal 1965
4453:Sen 1957
4429:Pal 1965
4331:Pal 1965
4259:Pal 1965
4211:cerebral
4073:Pal 1965
4046:Pal 1965
4022:Sen 1957
3974:Sen 1957
3926:Sen 1957
3851:Union)."
3667:Archived
3659:"উপভাষা"
3284:Bagerhat
3245:Dialect
3195:to walk
3159:sneezes
3087:Meaning
2933:chim̐ṛā
2905:of near
2895:kāchēra
2793:Meaning
2618:to wash
2600:to milk
2380:to call
2342:do call
2089:village
2071:Meaning
2034:/, and /
1693:. Hence
1283:Alveolar
1137:Open-mid
995:rakshasa
851:Chandpur
713:dialects
648:and the
642:division
606:khaitesi
597:khacchhi
548:giẏechhi
238:vang1242
185:Banglish
4896:Authors
4779:Sylheti
4734:Bangali
4723:tôtsômô
4696:Braille
4674:grammar
4533:: 1–40.
4229:' and '
4063::16-17)
3904:there."
3480:Comilla
3409:Sandwip
3382:Barisal
3306:Jessore
3231:I lose
3185:hām̐ṭā
3149:hām̐cē
2987:kām̐ṭā
2930:ছিঁড়া
2913:cim̐ṛā
2910:চিঁড়া
2874:কাঁচের
2745:father
2708:bangle
1896:, e.g.
1793:lenites
1754:phakīra
1740:kām̐kai
1346:Plosive
1303:Glottal
1246:/a/ is
1082:Central
1052:ব্রাম্য
1034:ব্রাহ্ম
991:rākṣasa
969:jôphôla
943:jôphôla
935:syncope
909::
898:Bengali
824:
812::
801:Bengali
797:
789:prachyô
785::
778:প্রাচ্য
774:Bengali
715:of the
682:Barisal
624:zaitesi
620:যাইতেছি
615:jacchhi
602:খাইতেছি
588:
576::
565:Bengali
544:গিয়েছি
526:খেয়েছি
521:
509::
498:Bengali
490:Bangals
477::
466:Bengali
446:bôṅgīẏô
442::
435:বঙ্গীয়
431:Bengali
427:Vaṅgīẏa
418::
407:Bengali
398:prachyô
394::
387:প্রাচ্য
383:Bengali
370::
359:Bengali
350:bôṅgalī
346::
339:বঙ্গালী
335:Bengali
331:Baṅgālī
315:Tripura
307:Bengali
298:) is a
291::
280:Bengali
271:bôṅgalī
267::
260:বঙ্গালী
256:Bengali
252:Baṅgālī
140:Bengali
94:Tripura
5028:Cinema
4415:and ছ
4215:dental
4201:
3529:Hatiya
3458:Cachar
3436:Sylhet
3221:hārāi
3218:হারাই
3210:level
3200:আড়াই
3182:হাঁটা
3174:level
3146:হাঁচে
3138:level
3102:level
3033:level
3005:kāṭhā
2997:thorn
2994:level
2984:কাঁটা
2969:kōṭhā
2958:level
2920:level
2892:কাছের
2884:level
2848:level
2808:level
2763:steam
2753:bhāpa
2742:level
2716:bhālā
2705:level
2680:bhāta
2669:level
2644:dhula
2633:level
2608:dhōẏā
2605:ধোয়া
2597:level
2587:দোয়া
2582:paddy
2572:dhāna
2561:level
2536:dhara
2528:price
2525:level
2500:ḍhōlā
2489:level
2464:ḍhimā
2453:level
2424:ḍhōla
2413:level
2398:Dhaka
2388:ḍhākā
2377:level
2350:ḍhāka
2339:level
2314:jhira
2303:level
2277:jhāmā
2269:shirt
2266:level
2241:jhāla
2230:level
2215:storm
2205:jhaṛa
2197:fever
2194:level
2187:jvara
2179:horse
2169:ghōṛā
2166:ঘোড়া
2161:ditch
2158:level
2148:গোড়া
2133:ghara
2125:ditch
2122:level
2107:wound
2086:level
2079:gām̐ō
1985:mānuṣa
1899:বাচ্চা
1812:টাট্টি
1772:pāgala
1758:merger
1719:bikāla
1674:apical
1626:Rhotic
1567:voiced
1505:voiced
1431:voiced
1278:Dental
1273:Labial
1230:raised
1067:Vowels
1061:brāmya
1047:Brahmo
1043:brāhma
982:রাক্ষস
939:umlaut
931:kariẏā
922:করিয়া
762:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
701:Bengal
680:, and
670:Sittwe
646:Sylhet
611:যাচ্ছি
593:খাচ্ছি
539:khaisi
459:exonym
425:), or
379:Prācya
319:Bengal
60:Region
5049:Other
4901:Poets
4769:Rarhi
4360:(PDF)
4321::848)
4285::772)
4118:(PDF)
3885:sadar
3706::141)
3694::138)
3647::136)
3635::138)
3623::136)
3228:high
3203:āṛāi
3192:high
3177:glue
3167:āṭhā
3156:high
3131:āchē
3120:high
3113:hātā
3110:হাতা
3084:Tone
3070:Word
3051:high
3044:uṭhā
3016:katha
3012:high
3002:কাঠা
2979:room
2976:high
2966:কোঠা
2951:kuṭā
2948:কুটা
2943:torn
2940:high
2924:chira
2902:high
2866:high
2859:chāō
2830:high
2790:Tone
2776:Word
2760:high
2735:bāpa
2727:good
2724:high
2713:ভালা
2698:bālā
2695:বালা
2687:high
2662:bāta
2654:dust
2651:high
2641:ধুলা
2626:dula
2615:high
2590:dōẏā
2579:high
2554:dāna
2543:high
2518:dara
2507:high
2497:ঢোলা
2482:ḍōlā
2479:ডোলা
2474:slow
2471:high
2461:ঢিমা
2431:high
2406:ḍōla
2395:high
2385:ঢাকা
2370:ḍākā
2367:ডাকা
2357:high
2332:ḍāka
2321:high
2295:jīra
2284:high
2274:ঝামা
2259:jāmā
2256:জামা
2248:high
2223:jāla
2212:high
2184:জ্বর
2176:high
2151:gōṛā
2143:room
2140:high
2115:gaṛa
2104:high
2097:ghāō
2076:গাঁও
2068:Tone
2054:Word
2046:tones
1976:মানুষ
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