1401:
1075:
1290:
17:
1128:
150:
1065:
The two rock associations in
Neoarchean are thought to be related to various tectonic settings. Rocks from around 2.7 billion years ago are related to a Large Igneous Province event. However, scholars have different ideas on the formation of rocks at around 2.5 billion years ago. Some suggested the
413:
in Luxi
Complex show records of metamorphic events 2.65, 2.5 and 1.90–1.85 billion years ago. On the other hand, those in Qixia Complex only record the younger metamorphisms. This suggests the record of the metamorphism 2.65 billion years ago was removed and overprinted by later metamorphic events.
412:
and the eruption of volcanic rocks about 2.75–2.65 billion years ago. Shortly, a metamorphic event took place 2.65 billion years ago, which altered the rocks into gneiss and metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. Nonetheless, the gneisses in both areas have slightly different geological records. Gneisses
2912:
Wan, Yusheng; Liu, Dunyi; Wang, Shijin; Yang, Enxiu; Wang, Wei; Dong, Chunyan; Zhou, Hongyin; Du, Linli; Yang, Yueheng; Diwu, Chunrong (April 2011). "~2.7Ga juvenile crust formation in the North China Craton (Taishan-Xintai area, western
Shandong Province): Further evidence of an understated event
1280:
The formation of Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt 1.9 billion years ago has been controversial. Some scholars suggest it was formed by arc-continent collision, but others believe it was related to the intra-continental rift. However, the Trans-North China Orogen was certainly formed 1.85 billion years ago under
595:
within the stratigraphy, the Belt is divided into northern and southern zones. The southern zone with anticlockwise pressure-temperature-time path contains
Jingshan, South Liaohe and Ji'an groups. On the contrary, the northern zone with clockwise pressure-temperature-time path includes Fenzishan,
1877:
Wang, Wei; Liu, Shuwen; Wilde, Simon A.; Li, Qiugen; Zhang, Jian; Bai, Xiang; Yang, Pengtao; Guo, Rongrong (December 2012). "Petrogenesis and geochronology of
Precambrian granitoid gneisses in Western Liaoning Province: Constraints on Neoarchean to early Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution of the
1118:
However, there are still some controversies about the Large
Igneous Province event. The Large Igneous Province event could take place in either continental or oceanic settings. Besides, it remains unknown if the Eastern Block was a mature continent or not during the Large Igneous Province event.
104:
of plates. The Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt joined the two small blocks (the
Longgang and Langrim blocks) together as the larger Eastern Block, whereas the Trans-North China Orogen shows the assembly of Eastern and Western Blocks, forming the North China Craton. The root of the craton was collapsed 130–120
2867:
Wu, Meiling; Zhao, Guochun; Sun, Min; Li, Sanzhong; Bao, Zhian; Tam, Pui Yuk; Eizenhöefer, Paul R.; He, Yanhong (March 2014). "Zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes of major lithologies from the
Jiaodong Terrane: Implications for the crustal evolution of the Eastern Block of the North China
3487:
Zhang, Lianchang; Zhai, Mingguo; Zhang, Xiaojing; Xiang, Peng; Dai, Yanpei; Wang, Changle; Pirajno, Franco (December 2012). "Formation age and tectonic setting of the
Shirengou Neoarchean banded iron deposit in eastern Hebei Province: Constraints from geochemistry and SIMS zircon U–Pb dating".
3285:
Grant, Matthew L.; Wilde, Simon A.; Wu, Fuyuan; Yang, Jinhui (April 2009). "The application of zircon cathodoluminescence imaging, Th–U–Pb chemistry and U–Pb ages in interpreting discrete magmatic and high-grade metamorphic events in the North China Craton at the
Archean/Proterozoic boundary".
350:
gneiss with a minority of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. Basically, there are two groups of rocks with various lithologies, metamorphic and geochemical characteristics. They were formed during two geological events 2.75–2.65 and 2.55–2.5 billion years ago. The older group of rocks is locally
4040:
Luo, Yan; Sun, Min; Zhao, Guochun; Li, Sanzhong; Ayers, John C.; Xia, Xiaoping; Zhang, Jiheng (June 2008). "A comparison of U–Pb and Hf isotopic compositions of detrital zircons from the North and South Liaohe Groups: Constraints on the evolution of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt, North China Craton".
4319:
Liu, Shuwen; Zhang, Jian; Li, Qiugen; Zhang, Lifei; Wang, Wei; Yang, Pengtao (December 2012). "Geochemistry and U–Pb zircon ages of metamorphic volcanic rocks of the Paleoproterozoic Lüliang Complex and constraints on the evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen, North China Craton".
3006:
Wan, Yusheng; Wang, Shijin; Liu, Dunyi; Wang, Wei; Kröner, Alfred; Dong, Chunyan; Yang, Enxiu; Zhou, Hongying; Hangqian, Xie; Ma, Mingzu (May 2012). "Redefinition of depositional ages of Neoarchean supracrustal rocks in western Shandong Province, China: SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating".
3148:
Meng, En; Liu, Fu-Lai; Liu, Jian-Hui; Liu, Ping-Hua; Cui, Ying; Liu, Chao-Hui; Yang, Hong; Wang, Fang; Shi, Jian-Rong; Kong, Qing-Bo; Lian, Tao (September 2013). "Zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic constraints on Archean crustal evolution in the Liaonan Complex of northeast China".
4405:
Wu, Meiling; Zhao, Guochun; Sun, Min; Yin, Changqing; Li, Sanzhong; Tam, Pui Yuk (December 2012). "Petrology and P–T path of the Yishui mafic granulites: Implications for tectonothermal evolution of the Western Shandong Complex in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton".
4091:
Tam, Pui Yuk; Zhao, Guochun; Liu, Fulai; Zhou, Xiwen; Sun, Min; Li, Sanzhong (January 2011). "Timing of metamorphism in the Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt: New SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating of granulites, gneisses and marbles of the Jiaobei massif in the North China Craton".
2423:
Wan, Yusheng; Liu, Dunyi; Song, Biao; Wu, Jishan; Yang, Chonghui; Zhang, Zongqing; Geng, Yuansheng (February 2005). "Geochemical and Nd isotopic compositions of 3.8Ga meta-quartz dioritic and trondhjemitic rocks from the Anshan area and their geological significance".
1078:
A mantle plume model showing the formation of a Large Igneous Province with ultramafic and basaltic materials. Deep Earth's materials rise, which intrudes the lithosphere and stretches the crust. A large amount of melts erupts on the Earth's surface as a Large Igneous
2959:
Jahn, B.M.; Auvray, B.; Shen, Q.H.; Liu, D.Y.; Zhang, Z.Q.; Dong, Y.J.; Ye, X.J.; Zhang, Q.Z.; Cornichet, J.; Mace, J. (April 1988). "Archean crustal evolution in China: The Taishan complex, and evidence for juvenile crustal addition from long-term depleted mantle".
1158:. Within the continental arc system, the subducting oceanic plate and lower continental crust were partially melted. As a result, there is a slight difference in the composition of tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneiss. Some have a higher content of
2738:
Wan, Yusheng; Liu, Dunyi; Nutman, Allen; Zhou, Hongying; Dong, Chunyan; Yin, Xiaoyan; Ma, Mingzhu (August 2012). "Multiple 3.8–3.1Ga tectono-magmatic events in a newly discovered area of ancient rocks (the Shengousi Complex), Anshan, North China Craton".
3873:
Lu, Xiao-Ping; Wu, Fu-Yuan; Guo, Jing-Hui; Wilde, Simon A.; Yang, Jin-Hui; Liu, Xiao-Ming; Zhang, Xiao-Ou (May 2006). "Zircon U–Pb geochronological constraints on the Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution of the Eastern block in the North China Craton".
1920:
Puchtel, I.S.; Hofmann, A.W.; Mezger, K.; Jochum, K.P.; Shchipansky, A.A.; Samsonov, A.V. (February 1998). "Oceanic plateau model for continental crustal growth in the Archaean: A case study from the Kostomuksha greenstone belt, NW Baltic Shield".
4135:
Li, Sanzhong; Zhao, Guochun; Santosh, M.; Liu, Xin; Dai, Liming; Suo, Yanhui; Tam, Pui Yuk; Song, Mingchun; Wang, Peicheng (April 2012). "Paleoproterozoic structural evolution of the southern segment of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt, North China Craton".
1165:
Yet, some scholars rejected this model since it only explains the formation of tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneiss but not other characteristics of the magmatic event 2.5 billion years ago. They proposed the following mantle plume model.
84:. Due to the sparse exposure of pre-Neoarchean rocks, only the tectonic settings of the rocks generated from 2.7 to 1.85 billion years ago (during the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic Era) are thought to be understood. These settings include a
3527:
Wan, Yusheng; Dong, Chunyan; Liu, Dunyi; Kröner, Alfred; Yang, Conghui; Wang, Wei; Du, Lilin; Xie, Hangqian; Ma, Mingzhu (December 2012). "Zircon ages and geochemistry of late Neoarchean syenogranites in the North China Craton: A review".
4362:
Peng, Touping; Fan, Weiming; Peng, Bingxia (July 2012). "Geochronology and geochemistry of late Archean adakitic plutons from the Taishan granite–greenstone Terrain: Implications for tectonic evolution of the eastern North China Craton".
59:
Geologists are able to deduce the past environments and tectonic events by studying geological records like rocks and geological structures. The oldest components of the Eastern Block were first formed more than 4 billion years ago (the
2549:
Nutman, Allen P.; Wan, Yusheng; Du, Lilin; Friend, Clark R.L.; Dong, Chunyan; Xie, Hangqiang; Wang, Wei; Sun, Huiyi; Liu, Dunyi (August 2011). "Multistage late Neoarchaean crustal evolution of the North China Craton, eastern Hebei".
1400:
3192:
Peng, Touping; Wilde, Simon A.; Fan, Weiming; Peng, Bingxia (May 2013). "Neoarchean siliceous high-Mg basalt (SHMB) from the Taishan granite–greenstone terrane, Eastern North China Craton: Petrogenesis and tectonic implications".
3236:
Peng, Touping; Wilde, Simon A.; Fan, Weiming; Peng, Bingxia (April 2013). "Late Neoarchean potassic high Ba–Sr granites in the Taishan granite–greenstone terrane: Petrogenesis and implications for continental crustal evolution".
3926:
Li, Sanzhong; Zhao, Guochun (September 2007). "SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of the Liaoji granitoids: Constraints on the evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji belt in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton".
4794:
Zhao, Guochun; Wilde, Simon A.; Cawood, Peter A.; Sun, Min (March 2001). "Archean blocks and their boundaries in the North China Craton: lithological, geochemical, structural and P–T path constraints and tectonic evolution".
1822:
Polat, A.; Li, J.; Fryer, B.; Kusky, T.; Gagnon, J.; Zhang, S. (June 2006). "Geochemical characteristics of the Neoarchean (2800–2700 Ma) Taishan greenstone belt, North China Craton: Evidence for plume–craton interaction".
1459:. Eventually, the whole ocean sank under the Eastern Block. The Eastern and Western Blocks were brought together at approximately 1.8 billion years ago. It formed the Trans-North China Orogen and led to the assembly of the
4892:
Liu, Fu; Guo, Jing-Hui; Peng, Peng; Qian, Qing (August 2012). "Zircon U–Pb ages and geochemistry of the Huai'an TTG gneisses terrane: Petrogenesis and implications for ~2.5Ga crustal growth in the North China Craton".
3727:
Ge, Wenchun; Zhao, Guochun; Sun, Deyou; Wu, Fuyuan; Lin, Qiang (November 2003). "Metamorphic P-T Path of the Southern Jilin Complex: Implications for Tectonic Evolution of the Eastern Block of the North China Craton".
2600:
Jahn, B.M.; Auvray, B.; Cornichet, J.; Bai, Y. L.; Shen, Q. H.; Liu, D. Y. (1987). "3.5 Ga old amphibolites from eastern Hebei Province, China: Field occurrence, petrography, Sm-Nd isochron age and REE geochemistry".
508:. The anti-clockwise path indicates the metamorphism is related to the intrusion of magma within the Earth's crust. During prograde and peak metamorphism, temperature and pressure are increased and a large amount of
5019:
Kröner, A.; Wilde, S.A.; Li, J.H.; Wang, K.Y. (February 2005). "Age and evolution of a late Archean to Paleoproterozoic upper to lower crustal section in the Wutaishan/Hengshan/Fuping terrain of northern China".
3829:
Li, Sanzhong; Zhao, Guochun; Sun, Min; Han, Zongzhu; Zhao, Guangtao; Hao, Defeng (January 2006). "Are the South and North Liaohe Groups of North China Craton different exotic terranes? Nd isotope constraints".
1515:(130–120 million years ago). Due to the weight loss of the lower crust, the upper crust popped up and pulled apart. Therefore, the Eastern Block has a thinner crust and extensional structure, such as Bohai Bay
548:
The Eastern Block consists of two sub-blocks, which are linked by the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt. On the northwest of the Belt, there is the Longgang (Yanliao) Block, while on the southeast, there is the Langrim Block.
1769:
Wu, Fu-Yuan; Zhang, Yan-Bin; Yang, Jin-Hui; Xie, Lie-Wen; Yang, Yue-Heng (December 2008). "Zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopic constraints on the Early Archean crustal evolution in Anshan of the North China Craton".
3979:
Zhou, X.; Zhao, G.; Wei, C.; Geng, Y.; Sun, M. (2008-03-01). "EPMA U-Th-Pb monazite and SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology of high-pressure pelitic granulites in the Jiaobei massif of the North China Craton".
3628:
Zhao, Guochun; Wilde, Simon A; A. Cawood, Peter; Lu, Liangzhao (September 1999). "Tectonothermal history of the basement rocks in the western zone of the North China Craton and its tectonic implications".
1404:
A series of evolutionary diagrams demonstrates the subduction and continent-continent collision of Eastern Block and Western Block. Trans-North China Orogen was formed and North China Craton was assembled.
3675:
Zhao, Guochun; Wilde, S. A.; Cawood, P. A.; Lu, Liangzhao (August 1998). "Thermal Evolution of Archean Basement Rocks from the Eastern Part of the North China Craton and Its Bearing on Tectonic Setting".
4932:
Liu, Fu; Guo, JingHui; Lu, XiaoPing; Diwu, ChunRong (2009-06-22). "Crustal growth at ~2.5 Ga in the North China Craton: evidence from whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopes in the Huai'an gneiss terrane".
1385:
deposits imply the presence of an ocean basin. About 1.9 billion years ago, the ocean was closed and two blocks collided. The Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt was formed and underwent metamorphism, evidenced by the
1134:
with mafic and felsic materials at the magmatic arc system is shown. The partial melting of the subducting oceanic plate and lower continental crust led to the difference in the composition of gneiss.
1074:
4592:
Brown, Michael (2008), "Characteristic thermal regimes of plate tectonics and their metamorphic imprint throughout Earth history: When did Earth first adopt a plate tectonics mode of behavior",
1416:
on the eastern side of the Eastern Block, subduction also happened at the western margin. The subduction lasted from 2.55 to 1.85 billion years ago. It closed the ocean between the Eastern and
604:
From the geological formations and the textures, the past geological events can be deduced. The Eastern Block underwent a number of volcanic eruptions, emplacements and metamorphic events.
1057:
Due to the low exposure of pre-Neoarchean rocks, it is difficult to conclude the tectonic setting at that time. Therefore, only the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic setting can be deduced.
2280:"SHRIMP U-Pb and CAMECA 1280 oxygen isotope results from ancient detrital zircons in the Caozhuang quartzite, Eastern Hebei, North China Craton: Evidence for crustal reworking 3.8 Ga ago"
3794:
Li, S.; Zhao, G.; Sun, M.; Han, Z.; Luo, Y.; Hao, D.; Xia, X. (2005). "Deformation history of the Paleoproterozoic Liaohe assemblage in the eastern block of the North China Craton".
552:
Within the Belt, there are granitic intrusions and metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic rock sequences. The emplacement of granitoids happened 2.22 billion years ago and generated
173:. It was emplaced in two phases: Phase I took place at around 3.8 billion years ago, while Phase II at approximately 3.6 billion years ago. The phases are evidenced by the older
2176:
Cui, Pei-Long; Sun, Jing-Gui; Sha, De-Ming; Wang, Xi-Jing; Zhang, Peng; Gu, A-Lei; Wang, Zhong-Yu (2013-06-14). "Oldest zircon xenocryst (4.17 Ga) from the North China Craton".
5063:
Jianghai, LI; KRONER, Alfred; Xianglin, QIAN; BRIEN, P.O. (2010-09-07). "Tectonic Evolution of an Early Precambrian High-Pressure Granulite Belt in the North China Craton".
1507:
moved under the eastern North China Craton. All these subductions brought fluids like water to the lower crust. It got denser and weaker. Eventually, it collapsed to the
199:
and paragneiss recorded an isotopic age of 3.88–3.55 billion years. This further reinforces the existence of a Hadean-Eoarchean crust, which later became the sedimentary
3390:
Kröner, A; Cui, W.Y; Wang, S.Q; Wang, C.Q; Nemchin, A.A (October 1998). "Single zircon ages from high-grade rocks of the Jianping Complex, Liaoning Province, NE China".
1256:
by a mantle plume. Nonetheless, it is rather impossible to generate a large volume of melts from a subducting plate. The volume should be three times the exposed gneiss.
1178:
model was proposed against the magmatic arc model. It can explain the following features of the 2.5 billion-year-old rock, which cannot be explained by the arc system:
4721:
1696:
1713:
Zhao, Guochun; Sun, Min; Wilde, Simon A.; Sanzhong, Li (January 2005). "Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic evolution of the North China Craton: key issues revisited".
4976:
Wilde, Simon A.; Cawood, Peter A.; Wang, Kaiyi; Nemchin, Alexander A. (February 2005). "Granitoid evolution in the Late Archean Wutai Complex, North China Craton".
4183:
Zhao, Guochun (October 2016). "Assembly, Accretion and Break-up of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Columbia (Nuna) Supercontinent: Records in the North China Craton".
3349:
2386:
Liu, Dunyi Y.; Wan, Y.S.; Wu, J.S.; Wilde, S.A.; Zhou, H.Y.; Dong, C.Y.; Yin, X.Y. (2007), "Chapter 3.5 Eoarchean Rocks and Zircons in the North China Craton",
4841:
S.A., Wilde (2004). "First SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages for Hutuo Group in Wutaishan: Further evidence for Palaeoproterozoic amalgamation of North China Craton".
2227:
Wu, Fuyuan (2005). "Hf isotopes of the 3.8 Ga zircons in eastern Hebei Province, China: Implications for early crustal evolution of the North China Craton".
3779:
Sun, D. Y.; Liu, Z.H.; Zheng, C.Q. (1993). "Metamorphism and Tectonic Evolution of Early Precambrian Rocks in Fushun Area, the Northern Liaoning Province".
1289:
4228:
He, G. P., & Ye, H. W. (1998). Two type of Early Proterozoic metamorphism in the eastern Liaoning to southern Jilin and their tectonic implication.
4248:
Li, S. Z., Han, Z. Z., Liu, Y. J., Yang, Z. S., & Ma, R. (2001). Regional metamorphism of the Liaohe Group: implications for continental dynamics.
2647:
Zhao, Guochun; Zhai, Mingguo (May 2013). "Lithotectonic elements of Precambrian basement in the North China Craton: Review and tectonic implications".
20:
A location map of the Eastern Block of the North China Craton. Shaded area represents the Eastern Block. Generated from GeoMapApp (Ryan et al., 2009).
4544:
Bédard, Jean H. (March 2006). "A catalytic delamination-driven model for coupled genesis of Archaean crust and sub-continental lithospheric mantle".
3436:; Zhang, Zong-qing (March 1984). "Archean granulite gneisses from eastern Hebei Province, China: rare earth geochemistry and tectonic implications".
2503:
Liu, D. Y.; Nutman, A. P.; Compston, W.; Wu, J. S.; Shen, Q. H. (1992). "Remnants of ≥3800 Ma crust in the Chinese part of the Sino-Korean craton".
310:. They were emplaced and crystallized at around 3 billion years ago. Meanwhile, the parent rocks of the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, including
3052:"U–Th–Pb behavior of zircons under high-grade metamorphic conditions: A case study of zircon dating of meta-diorite near Qixia, eastern Shandong"
1361:
melts intruded the crust 2.2–2 billion years ago and sedimentary and volcanic rock sequences were formed 2–1.95 billion years ago. For example,
2799:"Archean crustal evolution of the Jiaodong Peninsula, China, as revealed by zircon SHRIMP geochronology, elemental and Nd-isotope geochemistry"
3350:"The petro-geochemical characters and SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages of meta-mafic rocks from the Yishui Complex. Yishui County, Shandong Province"
527:
and granites can be found in the core. Their formation remains controversial that some suggest they were formed from the superimposition of
2340:
Zheng, Jian Ping; et al. (March 2004). "3.6 Ga lower crust in central China: new evidence on the assembly of the North China Craton".
267:
at 3.5 billion years ago, after the metamorphic event. In Anshan, stripes and lenses of trondhjemitic gneiss were observed in granitic and
149:
2476:
Song, Biao; Nutman, A. P.; Liu, D.; Wu, J. (1996). "3800 to 2500 Ma crust in the Anshan area of Liaoning Province, northeastern China".
1534:
1417:
1033:
428:
37:
1183:
1139:
675:
520:
416:
On top of that, the formation of greenstone and gneiss in Luxi and Qixia are considered to be linked to a wider geological event, the
347:
331:
4751:
Peng, Q.M.; Palmer, M.R. (April 1995). "The Palaeoproterozoic boron deposits in eastern Liaoning, China: a metamorphosed evaporite".
2695:
Huang, Xuan; Ziwei, Bi; DePaolo, Donald J (April 1986). "Sm-Nd isotope study of early Archean rocks, Qianan, Hebei Province, China".
4609:
2403:
1659:
3102:
Cheng, Suhua; Kusky, Timothy (August 2007). "Komatiites from west Shandong, North China craton: Implications for plume tectonics".
2059:
Kusky, T. M.; Windley, B. F.; Zhai, M.-G. (2007). "Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen".
512:
material is added to the crust, whereas after the peak metamorphism, the intrusion of magma stops, resulting in isobaric cooling.
5173:
3329:
Liu, J.H. (2001). "Discovery of komatiites in the Helong area (southern Jilin) in the eastern part of the North China Craton".
1329:). Later, the Langrim block moved over the lower Longgang block and brought the South Liaohe group to the Belt. Unfortunately,
1202:
melts can only be generated at high temperature (1650º) but the modern arc system does not have such high eruption temperature.
408:, 2.75–2.7 billion-year-old gneiss of Qixia Complex was seen. The rocks in both areas imply an early Neoarchean emplacement of
404:
texture. Such texture is interpreted to be associated with a basaltic volcanic activity 2.74 billion years ago. Similarly, in
16:
1260:
1249:
to heavy rare-earth elements. It can be generated from the partial melting of a subducting oceanic crust or the melting of a
592:
501:
153:
A map showing the distribution of exposed Archean basement rocks and location of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt in the Eastern Block.
334:
gneisses. Besides, other than Anshan and eastern Hebei area, a Mesoarchean crust is confirmed to be existed in Qixia area.
278:(Phase III). Similar emplacement (Phase IV) at 3.33 billion years ago created granitoids. It also led to the formation of
259:
and more. In eastern Hebei, minor amphibolites were discovered within the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. It suggests an
166:
are very rare in Anshan, covering an area smaller than 20 km. The basement rock was made of 3.8–3.6 billion-year-old
564:. They later became some of the parent rocks of the 2–1.95 billion-year-old sedimentary and volcanic rock sequences. The
1193:
No age progression is shown in rocks. It does not support the idea of migrating magmatic arc but a sudden flux of magma.
260:
178:
481:
areas. All rocks were formed in a geologically brief period, between 2.55 and 2.5 billion years ago. In this period,
1330:
1151:
52:
and the Neoarchean Era). It serves as an ideal place to study how the crust was formed in the past and the related
1993:
Kusky, Timothy M.; Li, Jianghai (December 2003). "Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the North China Craton".
5168:
1970:
Bai, J. (1993). The Precambrian geology and Pb–Zn mineralization in the northern margin of North China Platform.
1464:
174:
2524:
5178:
5119:
Zhu, Ri-Xiang; Yang, Jin-Hui; Wu, Fu-Yuan (September 2012). "Timing of destruction of the North China Craton".
4638:
1217:
1127:
216:
were found. It implies that the Eoarchean crust might be present in the western part of Eastern Block as well.
1381:
facies were formed. The rocks of similar age on both sides of the Belt support the idea of rifting. Moreover,
1107:
rocks in Luxi granite-greenstone terrane. The axis of the plume consisted of hot ultramafic material with low
4498:
Hamilton, Warren B. (August 1998). "Archean magmatism and deformation were not products of plate tectonics".
1492:
1423:
The subduction took place 2.55–2.47 billion years ago. It led to the partial melting of the lower crust and
256:
1084:
855:
519:-shaped, for example, the Jinzhou dome in southern Liaoning and the Huadian dome in southern Jilin. These
417:
85:
2121:"New U-Pb and Hf isotopic data confirm Anshan as the oldest preserved segment of the North China Craton"
1496:
1264:
93:
1491:(324–236 million years ago). Thus, the Paleo-Asian Ocean was closed. The North China Craton joined the
1091:
activity, which led to the stretching of the crust, the intrusion of magma and thus the melting of the
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2002:
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975:
279:
4449:; Campbell, Ian H.; O'Neill, Hugh St.C.; Van Kranendonk, Martin; Davies, D. Rhodri (January 2016).
1483:(324 million years ago). Subduction occurred at the northern margin of the North China Craton from
342:
Other than the sparse distribution of pre-Neoarchean rocks in the northeastern Eastern Block, the
64:
Eon). It later experienced numerous geological events between 3.8 and 1.85 billion years ago (the
5088:
4874:
4715:
4677:
4615:
4298:
4208:
4165:
4013:
3761:
3709:
3610:
3469:
2836:
2317:
2260:
2209:
2158:
2092:
1677:
1549:
1539:
1523:
1476:
1460:
1246:
1037:
894:
363:
131:
29:
3050:
Wan, Yusheng; Liu, Dunyi; Dong, Chunyan; Liu, Shoujie; Wang, Shijin; Yang, Enxiu (April 2011).
5144:
5080:
5045:
5001:
4958:
4914:
4866:
4820:
4776:
4703:
4669:
4605:
4569:
4523:
4480:
4427:
4384:
4341:
4290:
4200:
4157:
4117:
4066:
4005:
3952:
3899:
3855:
3753:
3701:
3654:
3602:
3549:
3509:
3461:
3415:
3311:
3262:
3218:
3174:
3127:
3073:
3032:
2985:
2938:
2889:
2828:
2760:
2720:
2672:
2575:
2528:
2449:
2399:
2309:
2252:
2201:
2150:
2084:
2018:
1946:
1899:
1848:
1795:
1738:
1665:
1655:
1544:
1205:
1131:
701:
163:
81:
206:
In Xinyang, at the southwestern edge of the Eastern Block, 3.6 billion-year-old zircons from
5136:
5072:
5037:
4993:
4950:
4906:
4858:
4812:
4768:
4661:
4597:
4561:
4515:
4470:
4419:
4376:
4333:
4282:
4192:
4149:
4109:
4058:
3997:
3944:
3891:
3847:
3811:
3745:
3693:
3646:
3592:
3584:
3541:
3501:
3453:
3407:
3303:
3254:
3210:
3166:
3119:
3063:
3024:
2977:
2930:
2881:
2818:
2752:
2712:
2664:
2618:
2567:
2520:
2485:
2441:
2391:
2357:
2299:
2244:
2193:
2140:
2076:
2010:
1938:
1934:
1891:
1840:
1787:
1730:
1508:
1350:
1302:
1268:
957:
561:
505:
299:
240:
69:
188:
were reported from the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks in eastern Hebei and few in Anshan.
126:
Although there has not been any evidence of Hadean rocks in the Eastern Block, a number of
1689:
1451:
intrusions 2.35–1.92 billion years ago. The mafic dykes were later metamorphosed as mafic
1432:
1382:
1314:
1298:
1196:
1155:
1096:
865:
474:
447:
401:
386:
375:
4273:
Campbell, I. H. (2005-12-01). "Large Igneous Provinces and the Mantle Plume Hypothesis".
5132:
5033:
4989:
4946:
4902:
4854:
4808:
4764:
4657:
4639:"Palaeoproterozoic arc magmatism and collision in Liaodong Peninsula (north-east China)"
4557:
4511:
4466:
4415:
4372:
4329:
4145:
4105:
4054:
3993:
3940:
3887:
3843:
3807:
3741:
3689:
3642:
3580:
3537:
3497:
3449:
3403:
3299:
3250:
3206:
3162:
3115:
3020:
2973:
2926:
2877:
2814:
2748:
2708:
2660:
2614:
2563:
2516:
2437:
2353:
2295:
2240:
2189:
2136:
2072:
2006:
1887:
1836:
1783:
1726:
1443:
volcanic rocks. As subduction continued, the region next to the arc spread and formed a
5076:
3371:
Chen, G.Y. (1983). "Komattites in the second mining area of the Gongchangling region".
1448:
1444:
1362:
1326:
1231:
971:
837:
553:
528:
516:
450:
405:
330:, a local magmatic event 2.9–2.85 billion years ago formed the igneous parent rocks of
323:
4816:
4519:
3650:
3567:
ZHAO, GUOCHUN (January 2001). "Palaeoproterozoic assembly of the North China Craton".
3411:
2395:
2014:
1942:
1495:(Yangtze Craton) in the Late Triassic (240–210 million years ago). It resulted in the
1293:
Cross-sections showing the arc-continent collision which formed the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt.
76:. Therefore, most of the rocks were reworked and highly metamorphosed with changes in
5162:
5092:
4878:
4772:
4665:
4302:
4212:
4169:
4017:
3765:
3713:
3614:
3433:
2981:
2840:
2716:
2622:
2489:
2264:
2213:
2162:
2096:
1524:
North China Craton § Phanerozoic history (541 million years ago to present time)
1504:
1484:
883:
641:
382:
127:
4910:
4681:
4619:
4423:
4380:
4337:
4153:
4062:
3948:
3895:
3545:
3505:
3473:
3214:
2934:
2571:
2321:
1895:
1791:
1734:
1424:
1333:, which are commonly generated in magmatic arc system, were not found in the area.
1175:
1147:
1088:
722:
711:
669:
494:
394:
346:
rocks predominantly cover 90% of the exposed Block's basement. They are made up of
244:
237:
225:
167:
89:
73:
3307:
3258:
2119:
Liu, D.; Wilde, S. A.; Wan, Y.; Wu, J.; Zhou, H.; Dong, C.; Yin, X. (2008-03-01).
1844:
1349:
Eastern Block. It was separated into the Longgang and the Langrim blocks in early
243:
and granitoids were metamorphosed 3.55 billion years ago. They were discovered as
5140:
5041:
4997:
4698:
Zhao, G. Cawood, P. Li, S. Wilde, Simon Sun, M. Zhang, J. He, Y. Yin, C. (2012).
3815:
3749:
3170:
2885:
2756:
2445:
2197:
4446:
2278:
Wilde, S. A.; Valley, J. W.; Kita, N. T.; Cavosie, A. J.; Liu, D. (2008-03-01).
1480:
1456:
1378:
1374:
1225:
1092:
1010:
997:
930:
795:
745:
585:
569:
565:
524:
311:
295:
283:
233:
110:
45:
4475:
4450:
4286:
420:
event 2.7 billion years ago. Magma was extracted and led to the formation of a
4954:
4707:
4601:
4565:
3697:
3588:
3068:
3051:
1512:
1409:
1306:
1143:
844:
727:
Tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneiss, metamorphosed sedimentary rocks
493:
intruded the whole Eastern Block, followed by a 2.5 billion-year-old regional
439:
397:
343:
106:
101:
49:
5148:
5084:
5049:
5005:
4962:
4918:
4870:
4824:
4780:
4673:
4573:
4527:
4484:
4431:
4388:
4345:
4294:
4204:
4161:
4121:
4113:
4070:
4009:
3956:
3903:
3859:
3851:
3757:
3705:
3658:
3606:
3553:
3513:
3465:
3419:
3315:
3266:
3222:
3178:
3131:
3123:
3077:
3036:
3028:
2989:
2942:
2893:
2832:
2764:
2724:
2676:
2668:
2579:
2532:
2453:
2313:
2256:
2205:
2154:
2088:
2022:
1950:
1903:
1852:
1799:
1742:
1669:
4196:
1452:
1428:
1413:
1389:
1301:
collision model, the Eastern Block was not assembled as one block until the
1199:
1187:
1159:
1108:
1100:
949:
861:
657:
490:
454:
409:
390:
319:
275:
271:
268:
248:
229:
210:
200:
196:
65:
53:
33:
588:. All these rocks were metamorphosed 1.93–1.90 and 1.87 billion years ago.
1234:
structures of tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneiss are related to
1150:
of tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneiss is similar to that of the
4637:
Faure, Michel; Lin, Wei; Monié, Patrick; Bruguier, Olivier (2004-03-08).
1500:
1488:
1322:
1221:
993:
985:
870:
tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneiss in Luxi and Qixia Complexes
581:
577:
466:
462:
367:
352:
327:
213:
4445:
Sossi, Paolo A.; Eggins, Stephen M.; Nesbitt, Robert W.; Nebel, Oliver;
1190:
emplacement occurred within a short period (around 5 billion years ago).
274:. They were crystallised 3.45 billion years ago during the trondhjemite
4001:
3597:
3457:
2823:
2798:
2304:
2279:
2248:
2145:
2120:
1463:. The collision of blocks may be related to the global assembly of the
1358:
1346:
1310:
1253:
978:
809:
Lishan, Tiejiashan, Eastern and Western Anshan and Yangyashan granites
773:
557:
302:
with the age of 3.2–2.8 billion years. Granites are mainly situated in
189:
143:
77:
1447:. Thus, magma flowed upward. There were granitic intrusions and mafic
523:
gneiss domes are circular or oval and around 10–50 km wide. Some
366:
Complex, also known as the Luxi granite-greenstone terrane in western
48:. The Block contains rock exposures older than 2.5 billion years (pre-
4862:
2361:
1440:
1386:
1370:
1250:
1242:
1235:
1209:
1112:
921:
739:
646:
627:
532:
486:
478:
443:
371:
315:
303:
264:
252:
207:
192:
185:
170:
135:
61:
2080:
1066:
magmatic arc model, whereas others proposed the mantle plume model.
1420:
of the North China Craton and formed the Trans-North China Orogen.
1142:
gneiss is associated with the formation of the magmatic arc during
761:
Tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneiss in Shengousi Complex
4594:
Special Paper 440: When Did Plate Tectonics Begin on Planet Earth?
1436:
1366:
1354:
1318:
1213:
1104:
989:
917:
882:
Emplacement of tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite and eruption of
779:
Tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneiss in Dongshan Complex,
650:
573:
509:
482:
470:
458:
421:
379:
307:
139:
41:
4700:
Amalgamation of the North China Craton: Key issues and discussion
4596:, vol. 440, Geological Society of America, pp. 97–128,
1313:
Longgang block collided, resulting in the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt. The
429:
Eastern Block of North China Craton § Large Igneous Province
1342:
442:
rocks spread over the whole Eastern Block. High to medium-grade
177:
of gneiss in younger tronhjemite and younger tronhjemitic veins
97:
40:
by the Trans-North China Orogen. It is situated in northeastern
2797:
Jahn, B.-m.; Liu, D.; Wan, Y.; Song, B.; Wu, J. (2008-03-01).
908:
Tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneiss in Luxi Complex
890:
tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneiss in Qixia Complex
4739:
Early crust and mineral deposits of Liaodong peninsula, China
477:
terranes are seen in western Shandong, southern Liaoning and
1353:
with an ocean in between. As the block started to separate,
1087:
event with massive magmatism took place. It was caused by a
2525:
10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0339:romcit>2.3.co;2
924:
lava and emplacement of tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite
228:
rocks are located in Anshan and eastern Hebei, composed of
2913:
from U–Pb dating and Hf isotopic composition of zircon".
146:, suggesting the presence of a Hadean crust in the area.
1650:
Zhao, Guochun (Geologist), author. (22 November 2013).
834:
Huangyadi tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneiss
247:
gneiss and metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, including
4451:"Petrogenesis and Geochemistry of Archean Komatiites"
1115:
material. Therefore, rocks have different chemistry.
1007:
Formation of sedimentary and volcanic rock sequences
184:
Other than the plutons, plentiful Eoarchean detrital
1427:. It produced a large amount of magma, which formed
948:
Tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneiss, mafic
1325:
were formed behind the arc where the crust spread (
1972:Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese)
72:Era), including recurring volcanic eruptions and
2061:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
1021:Formation of Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt and metamorphism
355:, while the younger one spreads over the Block.
3670:
3668:
3143:
3141:
1652:Precambrian evolution of the North China craton
134:as >4 billion years ago. They were found in
3001:
2999:
1341:Unlike the arc-continent collision model, the
1281:subduction and continent-continent collision.
1263:were recorded. Metamorphism was caused by the
1043:Gneiss, upper amphibolite to granulite facies
929:tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneiss,
692:Tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneiss
515:Structurally, these Late Neoarchean rocks are
282:, which are composed of amphibolites, biotite-
1111:, while the head of the plume brought cooler
817:Formation of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks
787:Formation of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks
531:, while others think they were caused by the
8:
4720:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1345:closure model suggests there was a coherent
1499:in southern North China Craton. During the
1321:rocks in the North Liaohe group in eastern
1095:. Such a model can explain the eruption of
500:The metamorphic event has an anticlockwise
473:areas, whereas low to medium-grade granite-
1271:cooling. It was not related to subduction.
1040:and formation of Trans-North China Orogen
600:Summary of lithology and geological events
4474:
3596:
3438:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
3067:
2822:
2303:
2144:
1695:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1399:
1288:
1126:
1073:
1024:Greenschist to lower amphibolite facies
758:Emplacement of trondhjemite (Phase III)
606:
203:of the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks.
148:
15:
5065:Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition
4185:Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition
1561:
1267:and the intrusion of mantle magma with
820:Qianan metamorphosed sedimentary rocks
689:Emplacement of trondhjemite (Phase II)
374:and sheets and lenses of metamorphosed
32:is one of the Earth's oldest pieces of
5114:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5102:
4836:
4834:
4733:
4731:
4713:
4693:
4691:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4539:
4537:
4400:
4398:
4357:
4355:
4314:
4312:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4244:
4242:
4224:
4222:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
2954:
2952:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2544:
2542:
2054:
2052:
1685:
1675:
1241:Tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic
232:, metamorphosed sedimentary rocks and
2690:
2688:
2686:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1915:
1913:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1708:
1706:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1503:(200–100 million years ago), the old
1140:tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic
676:Tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic
521:tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic
348:tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic
332:tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic
7:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1923:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
1535:Western Block of North China Craton
1083:At around 2.7 billion years ago, a
5077:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2000.tb00458.x
1305:. It was formed when the volcanic
1184:tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite
1154:in a continental arc under modern
117:Lithology and geological formation
14:
1099:melts and thus the generation of
888:Luxi granite-greenstone terrane,
790:Chentaigou metasedimentary rocks
596:North Liaohe and Laoling groups.
4666:10.1111/j.1365-3121.2004.00533.x
3373:Chengdu Journal of Earth Science
772:Emplacement of trondhjemite and
706:Metamorphosed sedimentary rocks
661:(3.8–3.6 Ga billion years ago)
572:facies can be found in southern
298:rocks are generally igneous and
109:Period), resulting in a thinner
5022:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
4978:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
4911:10.1016/j.precamres.2012.06.006
4546:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
4424:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.08.008
4381:10.1016/j.precamres.2012.03.008
4338:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.07.006
4154:10.1016/j.precamres.2012.01.007
4063:10.1016/j.precamres.2008.01.002
3949:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.001
3896:10.1016/j.precamres.2006.01.009
3796:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
3546:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.05.001
3506:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.09.007
3392:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
3215:10.1016/j.precamres.2013.01.017
2935:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.01.015
2741:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
2697:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
2572:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.04.005
2426:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
1995:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
1896:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.10.023
1792:10.1016/j.precamres.2008.10.002
1735:10.1016/j.precamres.2004.10.002
1261:pressure-temperature-time paths
702:metamorphosed sedimentary rocks
593:pressure-temperature-time paths
351:existed in western and eastern
2390:, Elsevier, pp. 251–273,
502:pressure-temperature-time path
1:
4817:10.1016/s0301-9268(00)00154-6
4741:. Beijing: Geol. publ. house.
4520:10.1016/s0301-9268(98)00042-4
3651:10.1016/s0040-1951(99)00152-3
3412:10.1016/s0743-9547(98)00033-6
3308:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.11.002
3259:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.02.012
2396:10.1016/s0166-2635(07)15035-0
2015:10.1016/s1367-9120(03)00071-3
1943:10.1016/s0012-821x(97)00202-1
1845:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.012
1162:, whereas others have lower.
961:(2.2–1.85 billion years ago)
5141:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.05.013
5042:10.1016/j.jseaes.2004.01.001
4998:10.1016/j.jseaes.2003.11.006
4773:10.1016/0301-9268(94)00087-8
3816:10.1016/j.jseaes.2003.11.008
3750:10.2747/0020-6814.45.11.1029
3730:International Geology Review
3678:International Geology Review
3171:10.1016/j.lithos.2013.06.020
2982:10.1016/0301-9268(88)90035-6
2886:10.1016/j.lithos.2013.12.004
2757:10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.03.007
2717:10.1016/0016-7037(86)90111-0
2623:10.1016/0301-9268(87)90006-4
2490:10.1016/0301-9268(95)00070-4
2446:10.1016/j.jseaes.2004.02.009
2198:10.1080/00206814.2013.805925
2178:International Geology Review
1224:, which is prevalent in the
1013:to lower amphibolite facies
848:(2.8–2.5 billion years ago)
831:Emplacement of trondhjemite
799:(3.2–2.8 billion years ago)
715:(3.6–3.2 billion years ago)
286:gneiss, quartzite and more.
3982:American Journal of Science
2803:American Journal of Science
2284:American Journal of Science
2125:American Journal of Science
631:(>4 billion years ago)
591:Due to their difference in
36:. It is separated from the
5195:
4287:10.2113/gselements.1.5.265
1521:
1479:remained stable until the
1245:has a high ratio of light
927:Granite-greenstone belts,
638:Formation of Hadean crust
426:
4955:10.1007/s11434-009-0288-y
4566:10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.008
3698:10.1080/00206819809465233
3589:10.1017/s0016756801005040
3069:10.1016/j.gsf.2011.02.004
1309:of Langrim block and the
1046:Trans-North China Orogen
983:
956:
936:
893:
843:
802:
794:
768:
763:
710:
680:
656:
613:Time (billion years ago)
4843:Chinese Science Bulletin
4476:10.1093/petrology/egw004
4114:10.1016/j.gr.2010.05.007
3852:10.1016/j.gr.2005.06.011
3124:10.1016/j.gr.2006.10.015
3029:10.1016/j.gr.2011.05.017
2669:10.1016/j.gr.2012.08.016
2229:Chinese Science Bulletin
1373:igneous parent rocks of
1032:Assembly of Eastern and
968:Emplacement of granites
806:Emplacement of granites
4230:Acta Petrologica Sinica
4197:10.1111/1755-6724.12881
3781:Seismol. Press, Beijing
1935:1998E&PSL.155...57P
1465:Columbia supercontinent
1285:Arc-continent collision
105:million years ago (the
5174:Geology of North Korea
1405:
1294:
1135:
1085:Large Igneous Province
1080:
1070:Large igneous province
945:Regional metamorphism
856:Large Igneous Province
812:Anshan, eastern Hebei
730:Anshan, eastern Hebei
619:Lithological evidence
418:Large Igneous Province
154:
94:continental collisions
86:Large Igneous Province
21:
4737:Zhang, Q. S. (1988).
4602:10.1130/2008.2440(05)
1878:North China Craton".
1403:
1292:
1130:
1077:
916:Volcanic eruption of
322:, were deposited. In
280:metasedimentary rocks
152:
19:
4897:. 212–213: 225–244.
4895:Precambrian Research
4797:Precambrian Research
4753:Precambrian Research
4500:Precambrian Research
4455:Journal of Petrology
4410:. 222–223: 312–324.
4408:Precambrian Research
4365:Precambrian Research
4324:. 222–223: 173–190.
4322:Precambrian Research
4138:Precambrian Research
4043:Precambrian Research
3929:Precambrian Research
3876:Precambrian Research
3532:. 222–223: 265–289.
3530:Precambrian Research
3492:. 222–223: 325–338.
3490:Precambrian Research
3348:Zhao, Z. R. (2009).
3195:Precambrian Research
3056:Geoscience Frontiers
2962:Precambrian Research
2915:Precambrian Research
2603:Precambrian Research
2552:Precambrian Research
2478:Precambrian Research
2388:Earth's Oldest Rocks
1882:. 222–223: 290–311.
1880:Precambrian Research
1772:Precambrian Research
1715:Precambrian Research
1497:Qinling-Dabie Orogen
1208:is evidenced by the
937:Whole Eastern Block
874:Whole Eastern Block
535:of granitoid magma.
236:. Pre-existing, pre-
5133:2012Litho.149...51Z
5034:2005JAESc..24..577K
4990:2005JAESc..24..597W
4947:2009SciBu..54.4704L
4903:2012PreR..212..225L
4855:2004ChSBu..49...83W
4809:2001PreR..107...45Z
4765:1995PreR...72..185P
4658:2004TeNov..16...75F
4558:2006GeCoA..70.1188B
4512:1998PreR...91..143H
4467:2016JPet...57..147S
4416:2012PreR..222..312W
4373:2012PreR..208...53P
4330:2012PreR..222..173L
4146:2012PreR..200...59L
4106:2011GondR..19..150T
4055:2008PreR..163..279L
3994:2008AmJS..308..328Z
3941:2007PreR..158....1L
3888:2006PreR..146..138L
3844:2006GondR...9..198L
3808:2005JAESc..24..659L
3742:2003IGRv...45.1029G
3690:1998IGRv...40..706Z
3643:1999Tectp.310...37Z
3581:2001GeoM..138...87Z
3569:Geological Magazine
3538:2012PreR..222..265W
3498:2012PreR..222..325Z
3450:1984CoMP...85..224J
3404:1998JAESc..16..519K
3300:2009ChGeo.261..155G
3251:2013ChGeo.344...23P
3207:2013PreR..228..233P
3163:2013Litho.177..164M
3116:2007GondR..12...77C
3021:2012GondR..21..768W
2974:1988PreR...38..381J
2927:2011PreR..186..169W
2878:2014Litho.190...71W
2815:2008AmJS..308..232J
2749:2012JAESc..54...18W
2709:1986GeCoA..50..625H
2661:2013GondR..23.1207Z
2615:1987PreR...34..311J
2564:2011PreR..189...43N
2517:1992Geo....20..339L
2438:2005JAESc..24..563W
2354:2004Geo....32..229Z
2296:2008AmJS..308..185W
2241:2005ChSBu..50.2473W
2190:2013IGRv...55.1902C
2137:2008AmJS..308..200L
2073:2007GSLSP.280....1K
2007:2003JAESc..22..383K
1888:2012PreR..222..290W
1837:2006ChGeo.230...60P
1784:2008PreR..167..339W
1727:2005PreR..136..177Z
1331:calc-alkaline rocks
1259:Only anticlockwise
1247:rare-earth elements
1182:A massive scale of
1152:calc-alkaline rocks
981:, rapakivi granite
781:Chentaigou granite
257:calc-silicate rocks
4367:. 208–211: 53–71.
4140:. 200–203: 59–73.
4002:10.2475/03.2008.06
3458:10.1007/bf00378102
2872:. 190–191: 71–84.
2824:10.2475/03.2008.03
2305:10.2475/03.2008.01
2249:10.1360/982005-629
2146:10.2475/03.2008.02
1688:has generic name (
1550:Archean subduction
1540:North China Craton
1493:South China Craton
1477:North China Craton
1461:North China Craton
1406:
1337:Rift closure model
1295:
1218:intermediate rocks
1170:Mantle plume model
1138:The generation of
1136:
1123:Magmatic arc model
1081:
1053:Tectonic evolution
1038:North China Craton
393:was discovered as
181:the older gneiss.
155:
74:metamorphic events
30:North China Craton
22:
4941:(24): 4704–4713.
4250:Geological Review
4094:Gondwana Research
3832:Gondwana Research
3736:(11): 1029–1043.
3354:Geological Review
3331:Geological Review
3104:Gondwana Research
3009:Gondwana Research
2649:Gondwana Research
2184:(15): 1902–1908.
1545:Eoarchean geology
1206:Bimodal volcanism
1132:Bimodal volcanism
1050:
1049:
616:Geological event
544:Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt
489:lava erupted and
457:occur in eastern
389:). Metamorphosed
300:metamorphic rocks
241:sedimentary rocks
5186:
5169:Geology of China
5153:
5152:
5116:
5097:
5096:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5016:
5010:
5009:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4935:Science Bulletin
4929:
4923:
4922:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4863:10.1360/03wd0220
4838:
4829:
4828:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4759:(3–4): 185–197.
4748:
4742:
4735:
4726:
4725:
4719:
4711:
4695:
4686:
4685:
4643:
4634:
4623:
4622:
4589:
4578:
4577:
4552:(5): 1188–1214.
4541:
4532:
4531:
4506:(1–2): 143–179.
4495:
4489:
4488:
4478:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4402:
4393:
4392:
4359:
4350:
4349:
4316:
4307:
4306:
4270:
4257:
4246:
4237:
4226:
4217:
4216:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4088:
4075:
4074:
4049:(3–4): 279–306.
4037:
4022:
4021:
3976:
3961:
3960:
3923:
3908:
3907:
3882:(3–4): 138–164.
3870:
3864:
3863:
3838:(1–2): 198–208.
3826:
3820:
3819:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3672:
3663:
3662:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3600:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3398:(5–6): 519–532.
3387:
3381:
3380:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3294:(1–2): 155–171.
3288:Chemical Geology
3282:
3271:
3270:
3239:Chemical Geology
3233:
3227:
3226:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3145:
3136:
3135:
3099:
3082:
3081:
3071:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2921:(1–4): 169–180.
2909:
2898:
2897:
2864:
2845:
2844:
2826:
2794:
2769:
2768:
2743:. 54–55: 18–30.
2735:
2729:
2728:
2692:
2681:
2680:
2655:(4): 1207–1240.
2644:
2627:
2626:
2597:
2584:
2583:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2473:
2458:
2457:
2420:
2409:
2408:
2383:
2366:
2365:
2362:10.1130/G20133.1
2337:
2326:
2325:
2307:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2148:
2116:
2101:
2100:
2056:
2027:
2026:
1990:
1975:
1968:
1955:
1954:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1874:
1857:
1856:
1825:Chemical Geology
1819:
1804:
1803:
1778:(3–4): 339–362.
1766:
1747:
1746:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1673:
1647:
1351:Paleoproterozoic
1303:Paleoproterozoic
1276:Paleoproterozoic
958:Paleoproterozoic
607:
562:rapakivi granite
539:Paleoproterozoic
506:isobaric cooling
400:and schist with
359:Early Neoarchean
70:Paleoproterozoic
5194:
5193:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5179:Northeast China
5159:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5118:
5117:
5100:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5018:
5017:
5013:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4840:
4839:
4832:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4736:
4729:
4712:
4702:. Elsevier BV.
4697:
4696:
4689:
4641:
4636:
4635:
4626:
4612:
4591:
4590:
4581:
4543:
4542:
4535:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4447:Hergt, Janet M.
4444:
4443:
4439:
4404:
4403:
4396:
4361:
4360:
4353:
4318:
4317:
4310:
4272:
4271:
4260:
4247:
4240:
4227:
4220:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4090:
4089:
4078:
4039:
4038:
4025:
3978:
3977:
3964:
3925:
3924:
3911:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3674:
3673:
3666:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3284:
3283:
3274:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3101:
3100:
3085:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3005:
3004:
2997:
2958:
2957:
2950:
2911:
2910:
2901:
2866:
2865:
2848:
2796:
2795:
2772:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2694:
2693:
2684:
2646:
2645:
2630:
2599:
2598:
2587:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2475:
2474:
2461:
2422:
2421:
2412:
2406:
2385:
2384:
2369:
2339:
2338:
2329:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2118:
2117:
2104:
2081:10.1144/sp280.1
2058:
2057:
2030:
1992:
1991:
1978:
1969:
1958:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1876:
1875:
1860:
1821:
1820:
1807:
1768:
1767:
1750:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1694:
1684:
1674:
1662:
1649:
1648:
1563:
1558:
1531:
1526:
1481:Phanerozoic Eon
1473:
1408:Other than the
1398:
1363:A-type granites
1339:
1287:
1278:
1172:
1156:plate tectonics
1125:
1072:
1063:
1055:
952:, amphibolites
668:Emplacement of
602:
546:
541:
451:extrusive rocks
436:
434:Late Neoarchean
431:
361:
340:
292:
222:
164:Eoarchean rocks
160:
124:
119:
12:
11:
5:
5192:
5190:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5154:
5098:
5071:(2): 246–258.
5055:
5028:(5): 577–595.
5011:
4984:(5): 597–613.
4968:
4924:
4884:
4830:
4803:(1–2): 45–73.
4786:
4743:
4727:
4687:
4624:
4610:
4579:
4533:
4490:
4461:(1): 147–184.
4437:
4394:
4351:
4308:
4281:(5): 265–269.
4258:
4238:
4218:
4175:
4127:
4100:(1): 150–162.
4076:
4023:
3988:(3): 328–350.
3962:
3909:
3865:
3821:
3802:(5): 659–674.
3786:
3771:
3719:
3684:(8): 706–721.
3664:
3637:(1–4): 37–53.
3631:Tectonophysics
3620:
3559:
3519:
3479:
3444:(3): 224–243.
3434:Jahn, Bor-ming
3425:
3382:
3363:
3340:
3321:
3272:
3228:
3184:
3137:
3110:(1–2): 77–83.
3083:
3062:(2): 137–146.
3042:
3015:(4): 768–784.
2995:
2968:(4): 381–403.
2948:
2899:
2846:
2809:(3): 232–269.
2770:
2730:
2703:(4): 625–631.
2682:
2628:
2609:(3): 311–346.
2585:
2558:(1–2): 43–65.
2538:
2495:
2459:
2432:(5): 563–575.
2410:
2404:
2367:
2348:(3): 229–232.
2327:
2290:(3): 185–199.
2270:
2219:
2168:
2131:(3): 200–231.
2102:
2028:
2001:(4): 383–397.
1976:
1956:
1929:(1–2): 57–74.
1909:
1858:
1831:(1–2): 60–87.
1805:
1748:
1721:(2): 177–202.
1702:
1660:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1530:
1527:
1472:
1469:
1445:back-arc basin
1418:Western Blocks
1397:
1394:
1338:
1335:
1327:back-arc basin
1286:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1257:
1239:
1229:
1216:rocks but not
1203:
1194:
1191:
1171:
1168:
1124:
1121:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:
982:
972:A-type granite
969:
966:
963:
954:
953:
946:
943:
939:
938:
935:
925:
914:
910:
909:
906:
903:
899:
898:
892:
886:
884:volcanic rocks
880:
876:
875:
872:
859:
853:
850:
841:
840:
835:
832:
829:
825:
824:
823:Eastern Hebei
821:
818:
814:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
792:
791:
788:
784:
783:
777:
770:
766:
765:
762:
759:
756:
752:
751:
750:Eastern Hebei
748:
742:
736:
732:
731:
728:
725:
720:
717:
708:
707:
704:
698:
694:
693:
690:
687:
683:
682:
679:
673:
666:
663:
654:
653:
644:
642:Hadean zircons
639:
636:
633:
624:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
601:
598:
554:A-type granite
545:
542:
540:
537:
435:
432:
383:volcanic rocks
360:
357:
339:
336:
291:
288:
221:
218:
159:
156:
128:Hadean zircons
123:
120:
118:
115:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5191:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5059:
5056:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5015:
5012:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4972:
4969:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4928:
4925:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4888:
4885:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4790:
4787:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4723:
4717:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4611:9780813724409
4607:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4494:
4491:
4486:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4441:
4438:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4236:(2), 152–162.
4235:
4231:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4179:
4176:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4131:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3935:(1–2): 1–16.
3934:
3930:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3825:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3790:
3787:
3782:
3775:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3723:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3624:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3563:
3560:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3523:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3483:
3480:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3386:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3364:
3360:(2): 286–299.
3359:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3322:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3188:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3046:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2734:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2405:9780444528100
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1691:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1661:9780124072275
1657:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:Pacific Plate
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1485:Carboniferous
1482:
1478:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1402:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1299:arc-continent
1291:
1284:
1282:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1060:
1058:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1034:Western Block
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
995:
991:
987:
980:
977:
973:
970:
967:
964:
962:
959:
955:
951:
947:
944:
941:
940:
934:
932:
926:
923:
919:
915:
912:
911:
907:
905:Metamorphism
904:
901:
900:
896:
891:
887:
885:
881:
878:
877:
873:
871:
867:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
849:
846:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
826:
822:
819:
816:
815:
811:
808:
805:
800:
797:
793:
789:
786:
785:
782:
778:
775:
771:
767:
760:
757:
754:
753:
749:
747:
743:
741:
737:
734:
733:
729:
726:
724:
721:
718:
716:
713:
709:
705:
703:
700:Formation of
699:
696:
695:
691:
688:
685:
684:
677:
674:
671:
667:
664:
662:
659:
655:
652:
648:
645:
643:
640:
637:
634:
632:
629:
626:
625:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
608:
605:
599:
597:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
543:
538:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
469:and southern
468:
464:
460:
456:
453:, especially
452:
449:
445:
441:
433:
430:
425:
423:
419:
414:
411:
407:
403:
399:
396:
395:serpentinized
392:
388:
384:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
358:
356:
354:
349:
345:
337:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
289:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
245:trondhjemitic
242:
239:
235:
231:
227:
219:
217:
215:
212:
209:
204:
202:
198:
194:
191:
187:
182:
180:
179:cross-cutting
176:
172:
169:
168:trondhjemitic
165:
157:
151:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
121:
116:
114:
112:
108:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
38:Western Block
35:
31:
27:
26:Eastern Block
18:
5124:
5120:
5068:
5064:
5058:
5025:
5021:
5014:
4981:
4977:
4971:
4938:
4934:
4927:
4894:
4887:
4846:
4842:
4800:
4796:
4789:
4756:
4752:
4746:
4738:
4699:
4652:(2): 75–80.
4649:
4645:
4593:
4549:
4545:
4503:
4499:
4493:
4458:
4454:
4440:
4407:
4364:
4321:
4278:
4274:
4253:
4249:
4233:
4229:
4188:
4184:
4178:
4137:
4130:
4097:
4093:
4046:
4042:
3985:
3981:
3932:
3928:
3879:
3875:
3868:
3835:
3831:
3824:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3780:
3774:
3733:
3729:
3722:
3681:
3677:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3575:(1): 87–91.
3572:
3568:
3562:
3529:
3522:
3489:
3482:
3441:
3437:
3428:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3357:
3353:
3343:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3291:
3287:
3242:
3238:
3231:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3154:
3150:
3107:
3103:
3059:
3055:
3045:
3012:
3008:
2965:
2961:
2918:
2914:
2869:
2806:
2802:
2740:
2733:
2700:
2696:
2652:
2648:
2606:
2602:
2555:
2551:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2484:(1): 79–94.
2481:
2477:
2429:
2425:
2387:
2345:
2341:
2287:
2283:
2273:
2235:(21): 2473.
2232:
2228:
2222:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2128:
2124:
2064:
2060:
1998:
1994:
1971:
1926:
1922:
1879:
1828:
1824:
1775:
1771:
1718:
1714:
1651:
1474:
1457:amphibolites
1425:mantle wedge
1422:
1407:
1340:
1296:
1279:
1265:underplating
1176:mantle plume
1173:
1164:
1148:geochemistry
1137:
1117:
1089:mantle plume
1082:
1064:
1056:
960:
928:
889:
869:
847:
798:
780:
746:amphibolites
738:Eruption of
723:Metamorphism
714:
712:Paleoarchean
670:trondhjemite
660:
630:
603:
590:
551:
547:
525:charnockites
514:
504:with nearly
499:
495:metamorphism
437:
415:
362:
341:
306:and eastern
293:
238:Paleoarchean
226:Paleoarchean
223:
220:Paleoarchean
205:
183:
161:
125:
90:mantle plume
58:
25:
23:
3598:10722/42377
3201:: 233–249.
3157:: 164–183.
2067:(1): 1–34.
1686:|last=
1511:during the
1471:Phanerozoic
1379:amphibolite
1375:greenschist
1228:arc system.
1226:Phanerozoic
1093:lithosphere
1011:Greenschist
998:North Korea
988:, southern
931:charnockite
796:Mesoarchean
776:(Phase IV)
586:North Korea
570:amphibolite
566:greenschist
556:, alkaline
465:, northern
370:, contains
326:of eastern
312:amphibolite
296:Mesoarchean
294:The scarce
290:Mesoarchean
284:plagioclase
234:amphibolite
195:, fuchsite
111:lithosphere
102:subductions
46:North Korea
5163:Categories
4708:1033943530
4646:Terra Nova
4256:(1), 9–18.
4191:(s1): 50.
3337:: 420–425.
2511:(4): 339.
1556:References
1522:See also:
1513:Cretaceous
1487:to Middle
1453:granulites
1433:greenstone
1429:granitoids
1410:subduction
1396:Subduction
1377:and lower
1315:ultramafic
1307:island arc
1220:, such as
1200:komatiitic
1197:Ultramafic
1144:subduction
1101:komatiites
1097:ultramafic
1061:Neoarchean
992:, eastern
950:granulites
933:, granite
897:and Qixia
879:2.75–2.65
866:greenstone
845:Neoarchean
744:Caozhuang
672:(Phase I)
649:, eastern
580:, eastern
576:, eastern
491:granitoids
475:greenstone
461:, eastern
455:komatiites
448:ultramafic
440:Neoarchean
427:See also:
398:peridotite
387:greenstone
376:ultramafic
344:Neoarchean
338:Neoarchean
316:paragneiss
272:migmatites
269:pegmatitic
253:paragneiss
230:granitoids
175:inclusions
138:, eastern
107:Cretaceous
92:activity,
56:settings.
50:Neoarchean
5149:0024-4937
5127:: 51–60.
5093:128417969
5085:1000-9515
5050:1367-9120
5006:1367-9120
4963:2095-9273
4919:0301-9268
4879:129570911
4871:1001-6538
4849:(1): 83.
4825:0301-9268
4781:0301-9268
4716:cite book
4674:0954-4879
4574:0016-7037
4528:0301-9268
4485:0022-3530
4432:0301-9268
4389:0301-9268
4346:0301-9268
4303:129116215
4295:1811-5209
4213:133039888
4205:1000-9515
4170:129914875
4162:0301-9268
4122:1342-937X
4071:0301-9268
4018:130359516
4010:0002-9599
3957:0301-9268
3904:0301-9268
3860:1342-937X
3783:: 90–120.
3766:128681475
3758:0020-6814
3714:129322912
3706:0020-6814
3659:0040-1951
3615:140691013
3607:0016-7568
3554:0301-9268
3514:0301-9268
3466:0010-7999
3420:1367-9120
3316:0009-2541
3267:0009-2541
3245:: 23–41.
3223:0301-9268
3179:0024-4937
3132:1342-937X
3078:1674-9871
3037:1342-937X
2990:0301-9268
2943:0301-9268
2894:0024-4937
2868:Craton".
2841:128830492
2833:0002-9599
2765:1367-9120
2725:0016-7037
2677:1342-937X
2580:0301-9268
2533:0091-7613
2454:1367-9120
2314:0002-9599
2265:129558435
2257:1001-6538
2214:131663533
2206:0020-6814
2163:130623676
2155:0002-9599
2097:129902429
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