721:
42:
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112:
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632:
87:
739:
1015:
Chesser, R.T.; Billerman, S.M.; Burns, K.J.; Cicero, C.; Dunn, J.L.; Hernández-Baños, B.E.; Jiménez, R.A.; Kratter, A.W.; Mason, N.A.; Rasmussen, P.C.; Remsen, J.V.J.; Stotz, D.F.; Winker, K. (2022). "Sixty-third supplement to the
American Ornithological Society's Check-list of North American Birds".
623:
Nesting occurs throughout the summer months. The nest is also on the ground, covered with a roof woven from grasses. There may be more than one nesting female in a male's territory. Nests are placed on the ground in depressions 1 to 3 inches deep, such as in the hoofprints of cattle, in pastures,
559:
measures 3.6–4.7 cm (1.4–1.9 in). Females are smaller in all physical dimensions. Adults have yellow underparts with a black "V" on the breast and white flanks with black streaks. The upperparts are mainly brown with black streaks. They have a long pointed bill; the head is striped with
550:
The adult eastern meadowlark measures from 19 to 28 cm (7.5 to 11.0 in) in length and spans 35–40 cm (14–16 in) across the wings. Body mass ranges from 76 to 150 g (2.7 to 5.3 oz). The extended wing bone measures 8.9–12.9 cm (3.5–5.1 in), the tail measures
684:
Eastern meadowlarks are species at risk in Nova Scotia and the subject of agricultural conservation program seeking to reduce mortality through modified practices. Allowing marginal areas of fields on farms to seed with grass can provide nesting habitat for meadowlarks and all grassland birds.
367:
but as his book predates the introduction of the binomial system, he is not acknowledged as the authority. Catesby reported that "they inhabit
Carolina, Virginia and most of the Northern continent of America." Confusingly, Linnaeus specified the habitat as "America, Africa". The
1291:
668:
The numbers of this species increased as forests were cleared in eastern North
America. This species is ideally suited to farmland areas, especially where tall grasses are allowed to grow. Their numbers are now shrinking with a decline in suitable
542:. The split was based on a study published in 2021 that showed that there were significant morphological, vocal and genomic differences between these two taxa and the other subspecies of the eastern meadowlark.
1731:
660:. In winter, they often feed in flocks. About three-quarters of the eastern meadowlark's diet is from animal sources like beetles, grasshoppers, and crickets. They also eat grain and seeds.
1736:
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62:
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1159:
Herrera, Néstor; Rivera, Roberto; Ibarra
Portillo, Ricardo & Rodríguez, Wilfredo (2006): Nuevos registros para la avifauna de El Salvador. .
1631:
954:
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61:
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41:
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Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
1746:
359:. Linnaeus based his description on the "large lark" that had been described and illustrated in 1729–1732 by the English naturalist
1771:
1478:
337:
281:
227:
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meadows, hay fields, and on the edges of marshes. The nests are made of dried grass and plant stems, and are lined with grass
372:
was restricted to South
Carolina by the American Ornithologist's Union in 1931. The eastern meadowlark is now placed with the
1558:
1218:
503:
1243:
1353:
1761:
1416:
1167:
312:. It occurs from eastern North America to northern South America, where it is also most widespread in the east. The
1756:
1197:
911:
111:
1597:
1130:
696:
563:
The song of this bird is of pure, melancholy whistles, and thus simpler than the jumbled and flutey song of the
1786:
1605:
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708:
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369:
738:
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These birds forage on the ground or in low vegetation, sometimes probing with the bill. They mainly eat
583:
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206:
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fields. This species is a permanent resident throughout much of its range, though most northern birds
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Delaying hay harvest can also improve survival, giving young meadowlarks a chance of fledging
610:, and the discovery of a breeding pair in 2004 confirmed that the species is a resident there.
1657:
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1071:
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821:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 167.
782:
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1618:
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841:(in English and French). Vol. 1. London: W. Innys and R. Manby. p. 33, Plate 33.
674:
342:
91:
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482:
473:
451:
306:
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875:. Vol. 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 177.
858:(4th ed.). Lancaster, Pennsylvania: American Ornithologist's Union. p. 301.
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1089:"Eastern Meadowlark, Life History, All About Birds – Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
607:
317:
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1222:
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of northern Mexico and the southwestern US is split off as a separate species.
1683:
1247:
639:(Wagler, 1832) is small and more streaked below, and may be a separate species
464:
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382:
302:
183:
163:
123:
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1323:
143:
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173:
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Chubb, C, 1921 – montane south
Venezuela, the Guianas and north Brazil
1377:
507:
433:
348:
133:
1532:
1300:
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apart, though plumage differences do exist, like tail pattern and
571:. In the field, the song is often the easiest way to tell the two
1636:
1470:
606:
southwards in winter. In 1993 this species was first recorded in
491:
Sclater, PL, 1861 – north-central
Colombia to northwest Venezuela
972:"Genomic and acoustic differences separate Lilian's Meadowlark (
730:
653:
153:
1304:
838:
The
Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands
510:
of east
Colombia and southeast Venezuela to Guyana and Suriname
599:
681:(western) side of the continent, in agricultural-type areas.
426:, 1897 – south Texas (south-central USA) and northeast Mexico
538:. These are now considered to be a separate species, the
497:
Bangs, 1901 – north Colombia and north, central Venezuela
408:(Linnaeus, 1758) – southeast Canada and central, east USA
1184:
The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds
1131:"A preliminary list of the birds of Seneca County, Ohio"
673:. On the other hand, its range is expanding in parts of
386:
that was introduced in 1816 by the French ornithologist
346:. He placed it with the larks and pipits in the genus
852:
Committee on Classification and Nomenclature (1931).
1313:
1219:"Eastern Meadowlark - Biodiversity Landowner Guide"
1070:by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992),
555:measures 2.8–3.7 cm (1.1–1.5 in) and the
1732:Native birds of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
1155:
1153:
788:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22735434A179984605.en
454:, 1861 – southeast Mexico to Belize and Guatemala
1161:Boletín de la Sociedad Antioqueña de Ornitología
895:(in French). Paris: Deterville/self. p. 34.
892:Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire
432:Dickerman & Phillips, AR, 1970 – southeast
1737:Native birds of the Southwestern United States
1244:"Delay Haying - Biodiversity Landowner Guide"
970:Beam, J.K.; Funk, E.R.; Taylor, S.A. (2021).
8:
947:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1301:
1108:Jaramillo, Alvaro and Burke, Peter (1999)
807:
805:
236:
85:
58:
40:
31:
1727:Native birds of the Eastern United States
1186:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 941.
1177:
1175:
999:
949:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 368.
786:
594:Their breeding habitat is grasslands and
530:The list of subspecies formerly included
476:, 1888 – Honduras and northeast Nicaragua
755:
692:
551:5.3–8.6 cm (2.1–3.4 in), the
301:) is a medium-sized blackbird (family:
567:; their ranges overlap across central
1712:IUCN Red List near threatened species
1198:"All About Birds: Eastern Meadowlark"
926:. International Ornithologists' Union
906:
904:
902:
417:, 1899 – south-central, southeast USA
401:Fourteen subspecies are recognised:
7:
1288:at Florida Museum of Natural History
869:Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1968).
1200:. Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
774:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
445:, 1900 – south Mexico to Costa Rica
1520:eastern-meadowlark-sturnella-magna
1110:New World Blackbirds: The Icterids
920:"Oropendolas, orioles, blackbirds"
855:Check-list of North American Birds
25:
1068:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
305:), very similar in appearance to
1292:Eastern meadowlark photo gallery
924:IOC World Bird List Version 12.2
872:Check-List of Birds of the World
737:
719:
707:
695:
110:
1742:Birds of the Rio Grande valleys
1112:, Christopher Helm Publishing,
763:BirdLife International (2020).
628:, pine needles, or horse hair.
1782:Birds of the Amazon rainforest
1722:Native birds of Eastern Canada
363:. Catesby also used the Latin
316:was formerly considered to be
1:
1286:Eastern meadowlark Bird Sound
1044:"FieldGuides: Species Detail"
463:& Trautman, 1941 – north
394:is a diminutive of the Latin
320:with the eastern meadowlark.
1294:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1777:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1030:10.1093/ornithology/ukac020
1001:10.1093/ornithology/ukab004
328:The eastern meadowlark was
1803:
1767:Birds of the Guiana Shield
1273:"Eastern meadowlark media"
945:Jobling, James A. (2010).
744:Juvenile and adult – Maine
332:by the Swedish naturalist
1046:. eNature. Archived from
781:: e.T22735434A179984605.
271:
264:
244:
235:
212:
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107:Scientific classification
105:
83:
74:
69:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1747:Birds of Central America
1278:Internet Bird Collection
1182:Terres, John K. (1980).
1129:Henninger, W.F. (1906).
974:Sturnella magna lilianae
590:Distribution and habitat
1772:Birds described in 1758
560:light brown and black.
918:, eds. (August 2022).
887:Vieillot, Louis Pierre
640:
259: Year-round range
1671:Paleobiology Database
635:The Cuban subspecies
634:
584:Chihuahuan meadowlark
540:Chihuahuan meadowlark
388:Louis Pierre Vieillot
378:Chihuahuan meadowlark
314:Chihuahuan meadowlark
614:Behavior and ecology
598:, also pastures and
536:S. m. auropectoralis
398:meaning "starling".
253: Breeding range
1091:. Allaboutbirds.org
664:Conservation status
77:Conservation status
35:Eastern meadowlark
1762:Birds of Venezuela
1650:eastern-meadowlark
1507:eastern-meadowlark
914:; Donsker, David;
641:
565:western meadowlark
489:S. m. meridionalis
471:S. m. inexspectata
467:(southeast Mexico)
374:western meadowlark
330:formally described
310:western meadowlark
293:eastern meadowlark
18:Eastern Meadowlark
1757:Birds of Colombia
1699:
1698:
1658:Open Tree of Life
1307:Taxon identifiers
956:978-1-4081-2501-4
916:Rasmussen, Pamela
702:Juvenile – Panama
637:S. m. hippocrepis
520:S. m. hippocrepis
289:
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16:(Redirected from
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352:and adopted the
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1383:sturnella-magna
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1370:Sturnella_magna
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1345:Sturnella magna
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728:Sturnella magna
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675:Central America
666:
646:
621:
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592:
548:
514:S. m. monticola
501:S. m. praticola
485:, 1934 – Panama
430:S. m. saundersi
343:Systema Naturae
336:in 1758 in the
326:
298:Sturnella magna
260:
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216:Sturnella magna
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92:Near Threatened
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27:Species of bird
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1266:External links
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1118:978-0713643336
1101:
1080:
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1024:(3): ukac020.
1007:
994:(2): ukab004.
984:) meadowlarks"
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526:, 1832) – Cuba
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495:S. m. paralios
492:
486:
480:S. m. subulata
477:
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458:S. m. griscomi
455:
449:S. m. mexicana
446:
440:S. m. alticola
437:
436:(south Mexico)
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412:S. m. argutula
409:
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307:sister species
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370:type location
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338:tenth edition
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1252:. Retrieved
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1213:
1202:. Retrieved
1192:
1183:
1168:PDF fulltext
1166:(2): 1–19.
1163:
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365:Alauda magna
364:
361:Mark Catesby
357:Alauda magna
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274:Alauda magna
273:
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184:
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29:
1606:Neotropical
1580:NatureServe
1528:iNaturalist
1339:Wikispecies
1146:(2): 47–60.
1018:Ornithology
988:Ornithology
982:S. neglecta
912:Gill, Frank
794:11 November
677:toward the
652:, but also
608:El Salvador
546:Description
452:Sclater, PL
406:S. m. magna
390:. The name
318:conspecific
1706:Categories
1684:Xeno-canto
1254:2015-07-16
1229:2015-07-16
1204:2008-08-13
1095:2013-04-01
1054:2013-04-01
750:References
650:arthropods
626:lespedezas
1717:Sturnella
930:27 August
582:The pale
506:, 1921 –
392:Sturnella
383:Sturnella
303:Icteridae
192:Species:
185:Sturnella
174:Icteridae
130:Kingdom:
124:Eukaryota
1585:2.104171
1572:22735434
1546:10197472
1471:45511136
1409:22735434
1404:BirdLife
1330:Q1589550
1324:Wikidata
978:S. magna
889:(1816).
815:(1758).
726:Eggs of
619:Breeding
504:Chubb, C
461:Van Tyne
324:Taxonomy
278:Linnaeus
266:Synonyms
246:S. magna
224:Linnaeus
170:Family:
144:Chordata
140:Phylum:
134:Animalia
120:Domain:
97:IUCN 3.1
1637:1484598
1497:2484254
1391:Avibase
689:Gallery
679:Pacific
671:habitat
658:berries
604:migrate
596:prairie
573:species
483:Griscom
474:Ridgway
465:Yucatán
396:sturnus
340:of his
180:Genus:
160:Order:
150:Class:
95: (
53:Belize
1676:368580
1663:489144
1611:easmea
1559:179034
1504:GNAB:
1479:EURING
1458:easmea
1432:easmea
1378:ARKive
1358:easmea
1116:
1074:
953:
557:tarsus
553:culmen
524:Wagler
508:llanos
443:Nelson
434:Oaxaca
349:Alauda
257:
251:
248:range
1624:79146
1598:56329
1541:IRMNG
1484:19070
1453:eBird
1445:537YX
1429:BOW:
1422:71958
1134:(PDF)
654:seeds
577:malar
424:Stone
415:Bangs
70:Song
1645:ODNR
1632:OBIS
1593:NCBI
1567:IUCN
1554:ITIS
1533:9528
1492:GBIF
1417:BOLD
1114:ISBN
1072:ISBN
951:ISBN
932:2022
796:2021
779:2020
731:MHNT
656:and
534:and
376:and
291:The
282:1758
228:1758
154:Aves
1515:IBC
1466:EoL
1440:CoL
1365:ADW
1354:ABA
1026:doi
1022:139
996:doi
992:138
783:doi
600:hay
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
