40:
475:, with a mild, rainy winter and hot dry summer. Rainfall varies across the ecoregion. It is generally higher on coastal-facing slopes, ranging from 1,000-1,250 mm annually near Antalya to 650-850 mm in Mersin, Adana, Iskendurun, and coastal Syria and Lebanon. Rainfall is lowest in the eastern and southernmost parts of the ecoregion, with less than 450 mm annually in eastern Anatolia, the interior of Syria, southern Israel and Palestinian territories, and the Jordanian Highlands.
60:
920:
39:
759:
Eric
Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b.
679:
A 2017 assessment found that 1,147 km², or less than 1%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Another 1% of the ecoregion had relatively intact habitat but is outside protected areas.
389:
130:
523:
Maquis is found on coastal slopes in southern
Anatolia and along the Levantine coast. Maquis is an open-canopied evergreen woodland, with an understory of shrubs, herbs, grasses, and
333:
plain in between. It then extends eastwards through southern Turkey to where the borders of Iraq, Syria, and Turkey meet, and southwards along the eastern
Mediterranean through the
910:
520:
Turkish pine is more common in the
Turkish coastal region, and Aleppo pine in the Levant. Neither pine is found naturally in the eastern Mesopotamian part of the ecoregion.
905:
725:
299:
92:
135:
787:
890:
115:
125:
313:
The ecoregion covers an area of 143,800 square kilometers (55,500 sq mi). In southern Turkey, it occupies the coastal
17:
915:
885:
865:
140:
588:
The eastern and southernmost portions of the ecoregion are mostly low shrubland and grassland with a semi-desert character.
900:
880:
875:
377:
224:
930:
895:
925:
870:
686:
733:
120:
794:
the
Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forest ecoregion, which extends slightly into Iraq
779:
280:
194:
385:
472:
295:
252:
698:
560:
338:
256:
75:
783:
648:
620:) in woodlands and forests. The eastern portion of the ecoregion has scattered populations of
581:
488:
381:
432:
373:
350:
80:
629:
354:
621:
342:
110:
859:
597:
544:
369:
346:
318:
500:
358:
288:
199:
828:
712:
773:
692:
671:) have been mostly or completely extirpated from over-hunting and habitat loss.
507:
484:
330:
59:
326:
613:
448:
440:
400:
585:. Much of the maquis has been degraded by frequent fires and over-grazing.
524:
492:
436:
365:
314:
761:
664:
605:
572:
424:
404:
322:
272:
189:
810:
456:
452:
428:
412:
408:
372:, low mountains, and interior plateaus. The higher elevations in the
334:
284:
276:
260:
209:
184:
179:
49:
536:
528:
460:
444:
396:
388:
which run parallel to the
Eastern Mediterranean coast, are in the
302:
264:
204:
87:
829:"Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests"
726:"Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests"
713:"Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests"
656:
640:
496:
420:
416:
268:
174:
345:
in central Syria are an outlier. Isolated mountaintop pockets (
921:
364:
The ecoregion is bounded by forest ecoregions to the north in
33:
18:
604:) has become the top predator in most of the ecoregion. The
772:
Hegazy, Ahmad; Lovett-Doust, Jonathan (2016). "2.18 Iraq".
483:
Major plant communities in the ecoregion include broadleaf
368:, and deserts to the east and south. The ecoregion covers
390:
Southern
Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests
131:
Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests
395:
Several large cities are in the ecoregion, including
612:) can be found in the shrublands and mountains, and
245:
Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-forests
805:"Eastern Mediterranean conifer-broadleaf forests".
233:
223:
218:
162:
154:
149:
98:
86:
74:
69:
32:
732:. National Geographic Society. Archived from
337:– western Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, and the
8:
755:
753:
751:
27:Ecoregion in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin
911:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
300:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
93:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
158:142,284 km (54,936 sq mi)
747:
172:
108:
136:Syrian xeric grasslands and shrublands
29:
906:Ecoregions of the Mediterranean Basin
823:
821:
819:
817:
249:Eastern Mediterranean conifer-forests
7:
116:Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests
25:
724:World Wildlife Fund, ed. (2001).
126:Red Sea-Arabian desert shrublands
775:Plant Ecology in the Middle East
699:Yumurtalık Lagoon Nature Reserve
459:in Palestinian territories; and
58:
38:
849:. Academic Press, May 10, 2014.
64:Ecoregion territory (in purple)
682:Some protected areas include:
317:between the mountains and the
141:Zagros Mountains forest steppe
1:
517:spp.) woodlands and steppes.
527:. The predominant trees are
730:WildWorld Ecoregion Profile
947:
891:Ecoregions of Saudi Arabia
809:. Accessed 25 April 2020.
693:Mount Meron Nature Reserve
687:Mount Carmel National Park
567:, sometimes classified as
551:, sometimes classified as
845:Horowitz, Aharon (2014).
349:, etc.) are found in the
121:Mesopotamian shrub desert
57:
37:
847:The Quaternary of Israel
378:Syrian Coastal Mountains
259:. It covers portions of
780:Oxford University Press
281:Palestinian territories
195:Palestinian territories
835:. World Wildlife Fund.
833:Terrestrial Ecoregions
719:. World Wildlife Fund.
717:Terrestrial Ecoregions
701:in Turkey (198.53 km²)
386:Anti-Lebanon Mountains
376:to the north, and the
916:Palearctic ecoregions
886:Ecoregions of Lebanon
866:Eastern Mediterranean
695:in Israel (80.96 km²)
653:Ursus arctos syriacus
473:Mediterranean climate
298:, and is part of the
296:Mediterranean climate
901:Ecoregions of Turkey
881:Ecoregions of Jordan
876:Ecoregions of Israel
639:The large predators
634:Gazella subgutturosa
565:Pistacia terebinthus
499:forests (chiefly of
471:The ecoregion has a
294:The ecoregion has a
247:, also known as the
931:Sclerophyll forests
896:Ecoregions of Syria
549:Quercus calliprinos
339:Jordanian Highlands
257:Mediterranean Basin
229:Critical/endangered
225:Conservation status
926:Ecoregions of Iraq
871:Ecoregions of Asia
511:(Pinus halepensis)
329:and including the
789:978-0-19-107874-3
649:Syrian brown bear
582:Arbutus andrachne
541:Cerotonia siliqua
382:Lebanon Mountains
321:, extending from
241:
240:
16:(Redirected from
938:
850:
843:
837:
836:
825:
812:
803:
797:
796:
769:
763:
757:
737:
720:
669:Acinonyx jubatus
513:), and dry oak (
374:Taurus Mountains
357:of northwestern
351:Midian Mountains
62:
42:
30:
21:
946:
945:
941:
940:
939:
937:
936:
935:
856:
855:
854:
853:
844:
840:
827:
826:
815:
807:Ecoregions 2017
804:
800:
790:
771:
770:
766:
758:
749:
744:
723:
711:
708:
677:
675:Protected areas
630:Persian gazelle
610:Caracal caracal
594:
481:
469:
355:Hijaz Mountains
343:Druze Mountains
311:
255:in the eastern
214:
171:
170:
145:
107:
106:
65:
53:
44:Turkish Pines (
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
944:
942:
934:
933:
928:
923:
918:
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908:
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898:
893:
888:
883:
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873:
868:
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851:
838:
813:
798:
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764:
746:
745:
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740:
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736:on 2010-03-08.
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707:
706:External links
704:
703:
702:
696:
690:
676:
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622:striped hyaena
593:
590:
485:sclerophyllous
480:
477:
468:
465:
370:coastal plains
310:
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237:1,147 km² (1%)
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111:Arabian desert
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637:
635:
631:
627:
626:Hyaena hyaena
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
598:golden jackal
591:
589:
586:
584:
583:
578:
574:
570:
569:P. palaestina
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:Palestine oak
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
521:
518:
516:
512:
509:
505:
504:(Pinus brutia
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
478:
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458:
454:
450:
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406:
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398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:Jabal al-Lawz
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:Mediterranean
316:
308:
306:
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301:
297:
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36:
31:
19:
846:
841:
832:
806:
801:
793:
774:
767:
734:the original
729:
716:
681:
678:
668:
660:
652:
645:Panthera leo
644:
638:
633:
625:
617:
609:
602:Canis aureus
601:
595:
587:
580:
576:
568:
564:
556:
553:Q. coccifera
552:
548:
540:
533:Olea europea
532:
522:
519:
514:
510:
503:
501:Turkish pine
487:shrublands (
482:
470:
435:in Lebanon;
394:
363:
359:Saudi Arabia
312:
293:
289:Saudi Arabia
248:
244:
242:
219:Conservation
200:Saudi Arabia
46:Pinus brutia
45:
661:Canis lupus
577:P. lenticus
557:calliprinos
508:Aleppo pine
463:in Jordan.
447:in Israel;
411:in Turkey;
392:ecoregion.
860:Categories
742:References
618:Sus scrofa
427:in Syria;
327:Iskenderun
81:Palearctic
689:in Israel
614:wild boar
525:geophytes
441:Jerusalem
401:Gaziantep
309:Geography
253:ecoregion
234:Protected
163:Countries
150:Geography
561:pistacio
493:garrigue
437:Tel Aviv
366:Anatolia
331:Çukurova
315:lowlands
251:, is an
665:cheetah
663:), and
606:Caracal
579:), and
573:lentisk
555:subsp.
515:Quercus
467:Climate
433:Tripoli
425:Latakia
405:Antalya
323:Antalya
273:Lebanon
190:Lebanon
99:Borders
70:Ecology
52:, Syria
48:) near
786:
628:) and
506:) and
489:maquis
457:Nablus
453:Hebron
443:, and
429:Beirut
423:, and
413:Aleppo
409:Mersin
407:, and
384:, and
341:. The
335:Levant
287:, and
285:Jordan
277:Israel
261:Turkey
210:Turkey
185:Jordan
180:Israel
50:Kessab
592:Fauna
537:carob
529:olive
479:Flora
461:Amman
445:Haifa
397:Adana
303:biome
265:Syria
205:Syria
88:Biome
76:Realm
784:ISBN
657:wolf
641:lion
596:The
497:pine
491:and
455:and
449:Gaza
431:and
421:Hama
417:Homs
353:and
269:Iraq
243:The
175:Iraq
169:List
155:Area
105:List
655:),
647:),
636:).
571:),
559:),
543:),
535:),
495:),
325:to
275:,
862::
831:.
816:^
792:.
782:.
778:.
750:^
728:.
715:.
451:,
439:,
419:,
415:,
403:,
399:,
380:,
361:.
305:.
291:.
283:,
279:,
271:,
267:,
263:,
667:(
659:(
651:(
643:(
632:(
624:(
616:(
608:(
600:(
575:(
563:(
547:(
539:(
531:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
