3261:
380:, palaces, and offering kitchens. Xiaoling has the most elaborate spirit way and contains the following structures (from south to north): a stone archway, eastern and western dismounting stelae, grand palace gate, hall for changing clothes, divine merit stelae pavilion, stone sculptures, dragon-and-phoenix gate, one-arch bridge, seven-arch bridge, five-arch bridge, eastern and western dismounting stelae, three-way three-arch bridges and flat bridge. The palace section of Xiaoling contains the following structures (from south to north): spirit way stela pavilion, eastern and western halls for court officials, Long'en Gate, eastern and western sacrificial burners, eastern and western side halls, Long'en Hall (
446:, as well as ritual instruments and more than 30,000 words of Tibetan scripture and Sanskrit. The 3-ton doors themselves have reliefs of bodhisattvas (beings on the road to enlightenment) and the four protective kings usually found at temple entrances. The Qianlong Emperor (died 1799) selected the site of his mausoleum in 1742 and construction began in the following year. Construction was completed in 1752, but the mausoleum was expanded further in the years between 1755 and 1762. During this time, the square city, memorial tower, the precious citadel, as well as the two side halls were newly built.
420:), gate of the burial chamber, two-pillar gate, stone altar-pieces, square city, memorial tower, glazed screen, crescent city, precious citadel, earth mound with the underground palace underneath. The north of the palace was closed off with walls. The section of the offering kitchens was positioned to the left of the palace section, it consists of a walled compound that contains the offering kitchens proper (i.e., where the sacrificial food was cooked), the southern and northern offering warehouses, and a slaughterhouse where the oxen and sheep were butchered.
205:
469:, the mother of the Shunzhi Emperor is located to the east of the entrance to the spirit way that leads to the tomb of Shunzhi. Xiaozhuang is believed to have played an important role in consolidating early Qing dynasty authority. The mausoleum was started as a temporary resting hall under the direction of the Kangxi Emperor, who was the grandson of Xiaozhuang and followed her wishes in making this arrangement. The temporary hall was converted into the Zhaoxiling mausoleum in 1725, during the reign of the
330:
3095:
494:
54:
3107:
212:
427:, and is surprisingly modest given that he was possibly the greatest emperor of the Qing dynasty but is in keeping with what is known of his character. The spirit way leading to the tomb has an elegant five-arch bridge; the guardian figures are placed on an unusual curve quite close to the tomb itself, and are more decorated than those at earlier tombs.
434:(the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty), is one of the most splendid one of all royal tombs in Chinese history. Yuling has the finest tomb chamber, a series of nine vaults separated by four solid marble doors located at a depth of 54 metres (177 ft). Beginning with the first marble gate, all walls, vaulted ceilings, and gates are covered with
321:), 15 empresses, 136 imperial concubines, three princes, and two princesses of the Qing dynasty are buried here. Surrounded by Changrui Mountain, Jinxing Mountain, Huanghua Mountain, and Yingfei Daoyang Mountain, the tomb complex stretches over a total area of 80 square kilometres (31 sq mi).
462:, such as the terrace-corner spouts carved as water-loving dragons. The interior has motifs strikingly painted in gold on dark wood, recalling the buildings where she spent her last years. There are walls of carved and gilded brick, and superbly fearsome wooden dragons writhe down the columns.
453:
stands out for its extremely luxurious decoration. The Long'en Hall along with its eastern and western side halls is made from valuable red wood timbers. All three halls are decorated with gold-glazed coloured painting, gilded dragons, and carved stone rails. Today, the main hall contains
484:
in 1928. Other tombs were looted in the 1940s and 1950s, leaving only the tomb of the
Shunzhi Emperor untouched. The burial chambers of four of the tombs, namely the Qianlong Emperor, Empress Dowager Cixi and two of the Qianlong Emperor's concubines, are open to the public.
820:
after water seeped into the burial chamber at the original site. The already built structures were dismantled and moved to the
Western Qing Tombs. Two sons and two daughters of Daoguang are buried in the Eastern Qing tombs (in the "Tomb of the Princess").
1904:
2868:
1968:
3260:
3597:
3644:
1802:
2563:
2524:
3518:
3145:
1897:
2568:
2913:
2404:
167:
376:
All imperial mausolea at the
Eastern Qing tombs follow a pattern established by the Xiaoling mausoleum of the Shunzhi Emperor. The basic layout consists of three sections:
3649:
2243:
1983:
341:(1638–1661), who became the first Qing emperor to rule over China. Shunzhi was also the first emperor to be buried in the area. Buried with him are his empresses
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1978:
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1735:
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2043:
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1936:
1675:
1941:
1845:
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1857:
1730:
1554:
1009:
3314:
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1850:
1427:
1062:
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1145:
833:
477:
902:
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1948:
1635:
1521:
1102:
1067:
64:
1670:
1609:
1569:
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2289:
2155:
1923:
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1135:
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http://en.yibada.com/articles/150258/20160810/china-s-historical-relics-preserved-local-government-punishes-tomb-raiders.htm
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2354:
2038:
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2013:
2008:
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1544:
2482:
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1993:
1887:
1497:
1487:
1420:
160:
3176:
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2399:
2382:
1892:
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1830:
1740:
1700:
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1140:
1351:
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2838:
2782:
2228:
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278:
43:
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2511:
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2713:
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1032:
118:
366:
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1502:
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1645:
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2100:
2080:
1998:
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1614:
1388:
1257:
342:
3500:
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2573:
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2075:
1882:
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1155:
793:
772:
450:
362:
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3592:
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3269:
3230:
2748:
2598:
2538:
2470:
2150:
2003:
1958:
1705:
1584:
1564:
1472:
1311:
1077:
1057:
94:
30:
This article is about the
Eastern Qing tombs of Zunhua. For the Eastern Qing tomb of Shenyang, see
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2344:
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2085:
1909:
1755:
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1160:
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817:
353:. The major tombs to the east of Shunzhi's mausoleum are Jingling (Kangxi Emperor) and Huiling (
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3310:
3019:
2923:
2918:
2890:
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2638:
2613:
2558:
2553:
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2424:
2329:
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1963:
1862:
1825:
1750:
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1650:
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1316:
1185:
995:
973:
954:
470:
3495:
3485:
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3278:
3171:
2971:
2797:
2680:
2603:
2543:
2349:
2070:
1931:
1877:
1720:
1685:
1589:
1514:
1482:
1306:
1301:
1213:
1097:
803:
779:
758:
723:
679:
672:
635:
628:
591:
547:
503:
431:
381:
370:
358:
314:
310:
236:
1180:
3541:
3510:
3392:
2812:
2758:
2608:
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2417:
1872:
1835:
1785:
1745:
1695:
1640:
1509:
1275:
930:
http://www.shanghaidaily.com/nation/Tomb-raiders-jailed-in-Liaoning-Province/shdaily.shtml
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708:
664:
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540:
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443:
413:
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318:
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262:
891:
UNESCO, Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing
Dynasties - Nomination File, 2000, 2003, 2004
927:
http://www.shanghaidaily.com/nation/4-suspected-tomb-raiders-held-in-Hebei/shdaily.shtml
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2675:
2548:
2314:
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1715:
1655:
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1321:
1127:
1049:
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3523:
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2928:
2787:
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2718:
2334:
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1531:
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906:
455:
3577:
3181:
3075:
2933:
2864:
2807:
2504:
2446:
2135:
2117:
1973:
1443:
481:
286:
53:
17:
890:
806:
is also located in the
Eastern Qing Tombs. The emperor decided to move his tomb (
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3470:
3440:
3432:
3411:
3358:
3288:
3123:
3070:
2953:
2743:
2464:
2185:
2180:
439:
31:
493:
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3602:
3396:
3383:
3373:
3348:
3325:
3197:
3162:
3029:
2948:
2411:
2255:
2205:
2175:
2018:
1221:
377:
454:
reproductions of pictures produced in 1903 by Cixi's photo studio within the
182:
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107:
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3201:
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3475:
3407:
3293:
3240:
2670:
1239:
792:'Tomb east of Dingling in the broad valley of good omens') for
337:
At the center of the
Eastern Qing tombs lies Xiaoling, the tomb of the
294:
1412:
734:
731:
728:
687:
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643:
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599:
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511:
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1231:
739:
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648:
604:
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397:
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252:
69:
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1953:
492:
328:
77:
73:
297:. They are the largest, most complete, and best preserved extant
3236:
2053:
476:
The tombs of
Empress Dowager Cixi and the Qianlong Emperor were
3127:
2827:
2823:
1416:
991:
153:
2564:
Convention
Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet
987:
771:'Tomb east of Dingling in the Potala valley') for
802:
An abandoned construction site for the mausoleum of the
3645:
Major
National Historical and Cultural Sites in Hebei
543:(1638–1661, the 1st Qing emperor to rule over China)
3565:
3532:
3509:
3431:
3339:
3268:
3161:
3043:
3010:
2962:
2904:
2876:
2736:
2704:
2661:
2654:
2569:
Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory
2523:
2368:
2300:
2221:
2126:
1922:
1813:
1623:
1530:
1460:
1451:
1381:
1360:
1344:
1284:
1266:
1248:
1230:
1212:
1194:
1126:
1048:
1041:
1025:
438:imagery such as the four heavenly kings, the eight
159:
149:
141:
133:
125:
113:
103:
93:
83:
63:
42:
754:'Eastern Tomb of Stability') composed of:
3607:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
3196:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
1969:Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations
27:Imperial mausoleum complex of the Qing dynasty
3583:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
3139:
2839:
2389:Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China
2360:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
1428:
1003:
844:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
811:
301:complex in China. Altogether, five emperors (
88:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
8:
266:
37:
787:
766:
749:
702:
658:
614:
570:
526:
480:by troops under the command of the warlord
407:
293:, 125 kilometres (78 mi) northeast of
285:) are an imperial mausoleum complex of the
3146:
3132:
3124:
2997:Hebei University of Science and Technology
2992:Hebei University of Economics and Business
2846:
2832:
2824:
2658:
1457:
1435:
1421:
1413:
1045:
1010:
996:
988:
211:
52:
36:
3650:Burial sites of imperial Chinese families
2049:Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
886:
884:
1898:Imperial Edict of the Abdication of Puyi
1118:Tangshan New Technology Development Zone
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
458:. Everywhere there are reminders of the
58:Yuling, the tomb of the Qianlong Emperor
2505:Complete Library of the Four Treasuries
860:
824:There has been pillaging taking place.
220:Location of Eastern Qing tombs in Hebei
3002:Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao
1373:Hebei Tangshan Foreign Language School
2803:Timeline of late anti-Qing rebellions
2044:Principles of the Constitution (1908)
140:
132:
124:
112:
102:
92:
82:
62:
7:
3675:Buildings and structures in Tangshan
3106:
2024:Ministry of Posts and Communications
361:), Ding Dongling (Dowager Empresses
2772:History of Qing (People's Republic)
99:Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)
3542:Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
2489:Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor
1858:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)
1851:1909 Provincial Assembly elections
1731:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)
1555:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
412:'Hall of Enormous Grace';
25:
2778:Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty
2619:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)
2494:Shamanism during the Qing dynasty
1646:Dogra–Tibetan war (Sino-Sikh war)
3277:Ancient Building Complex in the
3259:
3105:
3094:
3093:
2589:Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking
1905:Articles of Favourable Treatment
1661:Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)
834:Looting of the Eastern Mausoleum
531:'Tomb of Filial Piety';
210:
203:
3418:Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries
1636:Eight Trigrams uprising of 1813
1522:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
1297:Lutai Economic Development Zone
2987:Hebei University of Technology
2290:Guest House of Imperial Envoys
1580:Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas
1136:South Xueyuan Road Subdistrict
812:
744:
697:
653:
609:
565:
521:
402:
257:
1:
3670:World Heritage Sites in China
3155:World Heritage Sites in China
2982:Hebei Agricultural University
2724:Banknotes of the Da Qing Bank
2499:Islam during the Qing dynasty
2355:Zhao Mausoleum (Qing dynasty)
2039:Provincial military commander
2029:Nine Gates Infantry Commander
2014:Imperial Household Department
1841:Preparative Constitutionalism
1545:Sino-Russian border conflicts
953:. Beijing: Hydropower Press.
663:'Tomb of Stability';
497:Map of the imperial mausolea.
442:, the 24 buddhas, lions, the
3294:Kaiping Diaolou and Villages
2483:Researches on Manchu Origins
1888:Mongolian Revolution of 1911
1498:Transition from Ming to Qing
1488:Later Jin invasion of Joseon
1176:Liangjiatun Road Subdistrict
719:(1856–1875, the 8th emperor)
707:'Tomb of Kindness';
675:(1831–1861, the 7th emperor)
631:(1711–1799, the 4th emperor)
587:(1654–1722, the 2nd emperor)
575:'Tomb of Majestic';
465:Zhaoxiling, the tomb of the
423:Jingling is the tomb of the
154:http://www.qingdongling.com/
145:7,800 ha (19,000 acres)
3177:Classical Gardens of Suzhou
2383:Changzhou School of Thought
1893:1911 Revolution in Xinjiang
1868:Railway Protection Movement
1846:1909 Parliamentary election
1831:British expedition to Tibet
1741:Qing reconquest of Xinjiang
1701:Self-Strengthening Movement
1676:Nepal–Tibet War (1855–1856)
449:Ding Dongling, the tomb of
357:). To the west lie Yuling (
3691:
2783:Legacy of the Qing dynasty
1671:Miao Rebellion (1854–1873)
1610:Miao Rebellion (1795–1806)
1600:Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa
1570:Miao Rebellion (1735–1736)
778:Puxiang Yu Ding Dongling (
619:'Tomb of Sedate';
467:Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang
333:Eastern Qing tombs in 1900
267:
45:UNESCO World Heritage Site
29:
3665:19th-century architecture
3660:18th-century architecture
3655:17th-century architecture
3640:Qing dynasty architecture
3364:Honghe Hani Rice Terraces
3321:Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art
3257:
3089:
2862:
2793:Names of the Qing dynasty
2441:Manchu Han Imperial Feast
1771:Dungan Revolt (1895–1896)
1766:Gongche Shangshu movement
1711:Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)
1560:Chinese Rites controversy
1403:
1368:Tangshan No.1 High School
1292:Hangu Administration Zone
1204:Tangjiazhuang Subdistrict
783:
762:
727:
683:
639:
595:
551:
507:
385:
240:
198:
51:
3284:Historic Centre of Macau
3170:Archaeological Ruins of
2714:Great Qing Treasure Note
2534:Treaty of Kyakhta (1727)
2244:Administrative divisions
2061:Administrative divisions
1989:Flag of the Qing dynasty
1405:This list is incomplete.
1352:Tangshan Sannühe Airport
1151:Yonghongqiao Subdistrict
1083:Jichang Road Subdistrict
1033:1976 Tangshan earthquake
972:. Haikou: Hainan Press.
757:Putuo Yu Ding Dongling (
430:Yuling, the tomb of the
183:40.185783°N 117.646923°E
3476:Ancient City of Pingyao
3446:Chengde Mountain Resort
3056:Chengde Mountain Resort
2977:Hebei Normal University
2310:Chengde Mountain Resort
2111:Three Eastern Provinces
1761:First Sino-Japanese War
1736:Northern Chinese Famine
1595:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
1493:Qing invasion of Joseon
1063:Wenhua Road Subdistrict
137:224 ha (550 acres)
3452:Putuo Zongcheng Temple
3349:Chengjiang Fossil Site
3303:Historic Monuments of
2691:Great Qing Copper Coin
2579:Convention of Tientsin
2512:Annotated Bibliography
2460:Qing official headwear
1503:Battle of Shanhai Pass
1146:Guangchang Subdistrict
1088:Hebei Road Subdistrict
1073:Dongxincun Subdistrict
951:Eastern Qing Tombs 清東陵
949:Guangyuan, Xu (2005).
498:
418:baili be ujelere deyen
334:
3423:Three Parallel Rivers
3227:Cemetery of Confucius
3051:Beidaihe beach resort
2765:Draft History of Qing
2624:Treaty of Shimonoseki
2405:performance criticism
2009:Imperial Commissioner
1999:Great Qing Legal Code
1798:Eight-Nation Alliance
1781:Third plague pandemic
1691:Punti–Hakka Clan Wars
1615:White Lotus Rebellion
1389:Anti-Seismic Monument
1258:Luancheng Subdistrict
1171:Huimindao Subdistrict
1103:Guangming Subdistrict
1068:Diaoyutai Subdistrict
496:
332:
188:40.185783; 117.646923
3501:Beijing Central Axis
3315:Gaocheng Observatory
2949:Luan River watershed
2696:Great Qing Gold Coin
2629:Treaty of Tarbagatai
2574:Convention of Peking
2454:Pentaglot Dictionary
2436:Literary inquisition
2146:Ever Victorious Army
1979:Deliberative Council
1883:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil
1836:1905 Batang uprising
1776:Hundred Days' Reform
1666:Small Swords Society
1166:Qianying Subdistrict
1156:Xiaoshan Subdistrict
1108:Xiangyun Subdistrict
1093:Longdong Subdistrict
794:Empress Dowager Cian
773:Empress Dowager Cixi
451:Empress Dowager Cixi
3619:Badain Jaran Desert
3615:of China (Phase II)
3388:Leshan Giant Buddha
3231:Kong Family Mansion
3044:Visitor attractions
2944:Hai River watershed
2749:Anti-Qing sentiment
2599:Treaty of the Bogue
2539:Treaty of Nerchinsk
2471:Complete Tang Poems
2151:Green Standard Army
2034:Provincial governor
2004:Imperial Clan Court
1984:Diplomatic missions
1959:Consultative Bureau
1706:Tongzhi Restoration
1585:Afaqi Khoja revolts
1565:Ten Great Campaigns
1473:Jurchen unification
1312:Caofeidian District
1078:Gangyao Subdistrict
1058:Qiaotun Subdistrict
537:hiyoošungga munggan
179: /
39:
3456:Xumi Fushou Temple
3354:Dazu Rock Carvings
3204:of China (Phase I)
3066:Western Qing Tombs
3061:Eastern Qing Tombs
2634:Treaty of Tientsin
2345:Western Qing tombs
2340:Eastern Qing tombs
2166:Peking Field Force
1910:Manchu Restoration
1803:Declaration of war
1756:Jindandao incident
1575:Lhasa riot of 1750
1394:Eastern Qing tombs
1161:Wenbei Subdistrict
839:Western Qing tombs
818:Western Qing tombs
713:fulehungge munggan
625:tomohonggo munggan
581:ambalinggū munggan
499:
335:
283:dergi ergi munggan
233:Eastern Qing tombs
38:Eastern Qing Tombs
18:Eastern Qing Tombs
3627:
3626:
3588:South China Karst
3552:Xinjiang Tianshan
3311:Shaolin Monastery
3121:
3120:
3020:Zhongyuan culture
2924:Taihang Mountains
2919:North China Plain
2821:
2820:
2732:
2731:
2644:Treaty of Whampoa
2639:Treaty of Wanghia
2614:Treaty of Nanking
2584:Li–Lobanov Treaty
2559:Chefoo Convention
2554:Burlingame Treaty
2425:Kangxi Dictionary
2330:Old Summer Palace
2161:Firearm Battalion
1964:Cup of Solid Gold
1918:
1917:
1863:Manchurian plague
1826:Late Qing reforms
1817:(1901–1912)
1751:Sikkim expedition
1681:Panthay Rebellion
1651:Taiping Rebellion
1627:(1801–1900)
1605:Sino-Nepalese War
1550:Dzungar–Qing Wars
1536:(1683–1799)
1464:(1616–1683)
1410:
1409:
1340:
1339:
1141:Youyi Subdistrict
979:978-7-5443-1797-9
968:Nan, Yue (2006).
960:978-7-5084-2738-6
790:
769:
752:
705:
661:
617:
573:
529:
471:Yongzheng Emperor
410:
369:), and Dingling (
229:
228:
16:(Redirected from
3682:
3566:Multiple regions
3496:Yungang Grottoes
3486:Temple of Heaven
3462:
3414:
3317:
3299:Longmen Grottoes
3279:Wudang Mountains
3263:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3125:
3109:
3108:
3097:
3096:
2972:Hebei University
2954:Baiyangdian Lake
2848:
2841:
2834:
2825:
2798:New Qing History
2681:Qianlong Tongbao
2659:
2604:Treaty of Canton
2544:Unequal treaties
2350:Fuling Mausoleum
1949:Advisory Council
1878:Wuchang Uprising
1818:
1721:Tianjin Massacre
1686:Second Opium War
1628:
1590:Sino-Burmese War
1537:
1515:Battle of Penghu
1483:Seven Grievances
1465:
1458:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1414:
1307:Fengrun District
1302:Kaiping District
1214:Fengnan District
1113:Guoyuan Township
1098:Dali Subdistrict
1046:
1012:
1005:
998:
989:
983:
964:
935:
924:
918:
917:
915:
914:
905:. Archived from
903:"东陵大盗-解密清东陵-清东陵"
899:
893:
888:
815:
814:
804:Daoguang Emperor
791:
788:
785:
770:
767:
764:
753:
750:
746:
737:
706:
703:
699:
690:
673:Xianfeng Emperor
662:
659:
655:
646:
629:Qianlong Emperor
618:
615:
611:
602:
574:
571:
567:
558:
530:
527:
523:
514:
432:Qianlong Emperor
411:
408:
404:
395:
371:Xianfeng Emperor
359:Qianlong Emperor
276:
275:
274:
259:
250:
214:
213:
207:
194:
193:
191:
190:
189:
184:
180:
177:
176:
175:
172:
142:Buffer zone
56:
46:
40:
21:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3561:
3557:Qinghai Hoh Xil
3528:
3505:
3449:
3427:
3405:
3393:Mount Qingcheng
3335:
3308:
3264:
3255:
3157:
3152:
3122:
3117:
3085:
3039:
3006:
2958:
2900:
2872:
2858:
2852:
2822:
2817:
2813:Willow Palisade
2759:Chuang Guandong
2728:
2700:
2650:
2609:Treaty of Kulja
2594:Treaty of Aigun
2527:
2519:
2418:History of Ming
2370:
2364:
2302:
2296:
2222:Special regions
2217:
2156:Imperial Guards
2122:
1914:
1873:1911 Revolution
1819:
1816:
1809:
1786:Boxer Rebellion
1746:Sino-French War
1696:Amur Annexation
1641:First Opium War
1629:
1626:
1619:
1538:
1535:
1526:
1510:Great Clearance
1466:
1463:
1447:
1441:
1411:
1406:
1399:
1377:
1356:
1336:
1280:
1262:
1244:
1226:
1208:
1190:
1122:
1037:
1021:
1016:
986:
980:
970:考古中国：清东陵地宫珍宝被盗记
967:
961:
948:
944:
939:
938:
925:
921:
912:
910:
901:
900:
896:
889:
862:
857:
852:
830:
722:Ding Dongling (
717:Tongzhi Emperor
541:Shunzhi Emperor
491:
444:Eight Treasures
355:Tongzhi Emperor
345:(mother of the
339:Shunzhi Emperor
327:
272:
270:
268:
225:
224:
223:
222:
221:
217:
216:
215:
187:
185:
181:
178:
173:
170:
168:
166:
165:
59:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3688:
3686:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3632:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3466:Forbidden City
3463:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3406:including the
3399:
3390:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3309:including the
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3274:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3234:
3220:
3218:Wuyi Mountains
3215:
3210:
3205:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3128:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3103:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3016:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2910:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2828:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2676:Kangxi Tongbao
2673:
2667:
2665:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2549:Boxer Protocol
2541:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2479:
2474:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2315:Forbidden City
2312:
2306:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2278:General of Ili
2275:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2261:List of ambans
2258:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1726:Margary Affair
1723:
1718:
1716:Mudan incident
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1656:Nian Rebellion
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1462:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1346:
1345:Transportation
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1327:Laoting County
1324:
1322:Luannan County
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1186:Nüzhizhai Town
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1128:Lunan District
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1052:
1050:Lubei District
1043:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1000:
992:
985:
984:
978:
965:
959:
945:
943:
940:
937:
936:
919:
894:
859:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
846:
841:
836:
829:
826:
800:
799:
798:
797:
776:
745:Dìng Dōng Líng
720:
676:
669:tokton munggan
632:
588:
585:Kangxi Emperor
544:
490:
487:
460:Forbidden City
425:Kangxi Emperor
351:Consort Donggo
347:Kangxi Emperor
326:
323:
258:Qīng Dōng líng
227:
226:
219:
218:
209:
208:
202:
201:
200:
199:
196:
195:
163:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
97:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
67:
61:
60:
57:
49:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3687:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3524:Mukden Palace
3522:
3520:
3519:Koguryo sites
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:Summer Palace
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3460:Puning Temple
3457:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3402:Potala Palace
3400:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3270:South Central
3267:
3262:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3208:Mount Sanqing
3206:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3172:Liangzhu City
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3114:
3113:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2929:Yan Mountains
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2788:Manchu people
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2754:Canton System
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:Hubu Guanpiao
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2369:Society &
2367:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2335:Summer Palace
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2325:Mukden Palace
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2301:Palaces &
2299:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2283:
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2207:
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2202:
2199:
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2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
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2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:Eight Banners
2139:
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2037:
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2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:Grand Council
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
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1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1943:
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1925:
1921:
1911:
1908:
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1824:
1823:
1821:
1814:20th century
1812:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1796:
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1789:
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1779:
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1764:
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1759:
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1679:
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1654:
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1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
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1624:19th century
1622:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
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1573:
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1523:
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1516:
1513:
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1511:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1496:
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1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1459:
1456:
1454:
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1445:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1402:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
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1380:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1332:Qianxi County
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1268:Yutian County
1265:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1250:Luanzhou City
1247:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1196:Guye District
1193:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
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1149:
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1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1119:
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1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
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1079:
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1047:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1031:
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1024:
1020:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1001:
999:
994:
993:
990:
981:
975:
971:
966:
962:
956:
952:
947:
946:
941:
934:
931:
928:
923:
920:
909:on 2017-03-20
908:
904:
898:
895:
892:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
861:
854:
849:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
827:
825:
822:
819:
809:
805:
795:
781:
777:
774:
760:
756:
755:
747:
741:
736:
733:
730:
725:
721:
718:
714:
710:
700:
694:
689:
686:
681:
677:
674:
670:
666:
656:
650:
645:
642:
637:
633:
630:
626:
622:
612:
606:
601:
598:
593:
589:
586:
582:
578:
568:
562:
557:
554:
549:
545:
542:
538:
534:
524:
518:
513:
510:
505:
501:
500:
495:
488:
486:
483:
479:
474:
472:
468:
463:
461:
457:
456:Summer Palace
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
421:
419:
415:
405:
399:
394:
391:
388:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
343:Xiaokangzhang
340:
331:
324:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
264:
260:
254:
249:
246:
243:
238:
234:
206:
197:
192:
164:
162:
158:
155:
152:
148:
144:
136:
128:
120:
116:
109:
106:
98:
96:
89:
86:
79:
75:
71:
68:
66:
55:
50:
47:
41:
33:
19:
3578:China Danxia
3534:Northwestern
3341:Southwestern
3182:Fujian tulou
3110:
3098:
3076:Hebei Museum
2934:Shanhai Pass
2865:Shijiazhuang
2808:Treaty ports
2770:
2763:
2737:Other topics
2510:
2503:
2481:
2469:
2452:
2447:Peiwen Yunfu
2445:
2423:
2416:
2387:
2339:
2136:Beiyang Army
2118:Zongli Yamen
1974:Da-Qing Bank
1791:Red Lanterns
1444:Qing dynasty
1393:
1317:Qian'an City
969:
950:
942:Bibliography
922:
911:. Retrieved
907:the original
897:
823:
807:
801:
743:
712:
696:
668:
652:
624:
608:
580:
564:
536:
520:
482:Sun Dianying
475:
464:
448:
440:bodhisattvas
429:
422:
417:
403:Lóng'ēn Diàn
401:
375:
336:
287:Qing dynasty
282:
256:
232:
230:
3593:Grand Canal
3547:Mogao Caves
3471:Zhoukoudian
3441:Mount Wutai
3412:Norbulingka
3359:Fanjingshan
3289:Shennongjia
3071:Anji Bridge
2744:Aisin Gioro
2706:Paper money
2465:Qing poetry
2186:Wuwei Corps
2181:Shuishiying
1942:Family tree
1232:Zunhua City
796:(1837–1881)
775:(1835–1908)
325:Description
289:located in
279:Möllendorff
186: /
174:117°38′49″E
161:Coordinates
117:2000 (24th
114:Inscription
108:1004ter-002
32:Fuling Tomb
3634:Categories
3609:Yellow Sea
3603:Tusi Sites
3598:Silk Roads
3573:Great Wall
3450:including
3397:Dujiangyan
3384:Mount Emei
3374:Jiuzhaigou
3326:Wulingyuan
3198:Yellow Sea
3030:Ping opera
2412:Four Wangs
2303:mausoleums
2256:Golden Urn
2229:Inner Asia
2206:Xiang Army
2176:Hushenying
2101:Liangguang
2081:Liangjiang
2019:Lifan Yuan
1924:Government
1222:Liushuquan
913:2020-08-06
850:References
715:) for the
671:) for the
634:Dingling (
627:) for the
583:) for the
546:Jingling (
539:) for the
502:Xiaoling (
489:Main tombs
378:spirit way
171:40°11′09″N
129:2003, 2004
126:Extensions
3613:Bohai Sea
3511:Northeast
3369:Huanglong
3246:West Lake
3213:Mount Tai
3202:Bohai Sea
3192:Huangshan
3081:Dajingmen
2964:Education
2939:Bohai Sea
2906:Geography
2234:Manchuria
2201:Huai Army
2191:Yong Ying
2076:Shaan-Gan
1532:High Qing
1478:Later Jin
1382:Landmarks
1361:Education
855:Citations
816:) to the
678:Huiling (
299:mausoleum
104:Reference
3305:Dengfeng
3251:Kulangsu
3100:Category
3035:Errentai
2891:Politics
2686:Hongqian
2655:Currency
2525:Treaties
2431:Kaozheng
2378:Booi Aha
2320:Hetu Ala
2273:Timeline
2268:Xinjiang
2239:Mongolia
2196:Chu Army
2171:New Army
2128:Military
2066:Viceroys
1396:(Zunhua)
1276:Hongqiao
1019:Tangshan
828:See also
654:Dìnglíng
590:Yuling (
566:Jǐnglíng
522:Xiàolíng
436:Buddhist
315:Xianfeng
311:Qianlong
277:,
95:Criteria
65:Location
3408:Jokhang
3379:Lijiang
3241:Hongcun
3233:in Qufu
3112:Commons
3012:Culture
2896:Economy
2886:History
2878:General
2869:capital
2671:Zhiqian
2663:Coinage
2400:Economy
2371:culture
2106:Yun-Gui
2096:Min-Zhe
2091:Sichuan
2086:Huguang
1932:Emperor
1453:History
1240:Malanyu
1026:History
780:Chinese
759:Chinese
724:Chinese
698:Huìlíng
680:Chinese
636:Chinese
592:Chinese
548:Chinese
504:Chinese
382:Chinese
319:Tongzhi
303:Shunzhi
295:Beijing
237:Chinese
150:Website
119:Session
84:Part of
3491:Xanadu
3239:, and
3223:Temple
3187:Lushan
2914:Cities
2857:topics
2285:Taiwan
1461:Early
1446:topics
976:
957:
808:muling
784:普祥峪定東陵
782::
763:菩陀峪定東陵
761::
742::
740:pinyin
726::
709:Manchu
695::
693:pinyin
682::
665:Manchu
651::
649:pinyin
638::
621:Manchu
610:Yùlíng
607::
605:pinyin
594::
577:Manchu
563::
561:pinyin
550::
533:Manchu
519::
517:pinyin
506::
478:looted
414:Manchu
400::
398:pinyin
384::
349:) and
317:, and
307:Kangxi
291:Zunhua
273:ᠮᡠᠩᡤᠠᠨ
269:ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ
265::
263:Manchu
255::
253:pinyin
239::
70:Zunhua
3433:North
3331:Yinxu
3025:Music
2855:Hebei
2477:Queue
2395:Dibao
2251:Tibet
2071:Zhili
1954:Amban
1285:Other
1181:Daodi
1042:Areas
367:Ci'an
271:ᡝᡵᡤᡳ
78:China
74:Hebei
3458:and
3410:and
3395:and
3386:and
3313:and
3237:Xidi
3229:and
3225:and
3163:East
2213:Navy
2054:Ejen
1937:List
974:ISBN
955:ISBN
789:lit.
768:lit.
751:lit.
704:lit.
660:lit.
616:lit.
572:lit.
528:lit.
409:lit.
365:and
363:Cixi
231:The
134:Area
373:).
3636::
3454:,
3448:,
3404:,
3307:,
863:^
813:慕陵
810:;
786:;
765:;
748:;
738:;
711::
701:;
691:;
667::
657:;
647:;
623::
613:;
603:;
579::
569:;
559:;
535::
525:;
515:;
473:.
416::
406:;
396:;
313:,
309:,
305:,
281::
261:;
251:;
76:,
72:,
3611:–
3200:–
3147:e
3140:t
3133:v
2871:)
2867:(
2847:e
2840:t
2833:v
1436:e
1429:t
1422:v
1011:e
1004:t
997:v
982:.
963:.
916:.
735:陵
732:東
729:定
688:陵
685:惠
644:陵
641:定
600:陵
597:裕
556:陵
553:景
512:陵
509:孝
393:殿
390:恩
387:隆
248:陵
245:東
242:清
235:(
121:)
34:.
20:)
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