745:
841:
781:
795:
827:
809:
925:
897:
744:
518:
344:
561:
885:
909:
949:
595:. According to this treaty, about one-fifth of the Vilnius Region, including the city of Vilnius itself, was returned to Lithuania in exchange for stationing 20,000 Soviet troops in Lithuania. Lithuanians at first did not want to accept this, but later the Soviet Union said that troops would enter Lithuania, anyway, so Lithuania accepted the deal. 1/5 of the Vilnius region was ceded, even though the Soviet Union always recognised the whole Vilnius region as part of Lithuania previously.
286:
46:
937:
840:
376:
225:
365:
1087:, had already declared in September 1917: "Giving the right of self-determination to the inhabitants of Wilno, a population devoid of culture, would mean giving an opportunity to agitators to fool people. The thing is to unite former branches with the old trunk. Based on that, we draw the border far beyond Wilno, near Oszmiana. Lida County is also Lithuanian..."
38:
588:
Soviets in the summer of 1920 and having been forcibly converted into a socialist republic. They believe it was only the Polish victory against the
Soviets in the Polish–Soviet War (and the fact that the Poles did not object to some form of Lithuanian independence) that derailed the Soviet plans and gave Lithuania an experience of interwar independence.
780:
664:
censuses showed that
Vilnius and its environs had a Polish majority. Vilnius at that point was divided nearly evenly between Poles and Jews, with Lithuanians constituting a mere fraction (about 2–2.6%) of the total population. These censuses and their organisation were heavily criticized by contemporary Lithuanians of the region as biased.
808:
794:
826:
861:
and migrations, Lithuanians became the undisputed ethnic majority in the
Vilnius region in 1989 (50,5%). The share of Lithuanians in the Vilnius city grew from 2% in the first half of the 20th century to 42.5% in 1970, 57.8% in 2001 (while the total population of the city expanded several times). and
552:
The Polish government never acknowledged the Russo-Lithuanian convention of July 12, 1920, that granted the latter state territory seized from Poland by the Red Army during the Polish–Soviet War, then promised to
Lithuania as the Soviet forces were retreating under the Polish advance; particularly as
293:
Initially, the
Vilnius Region did not possess exact borders per se, but encompassed Vilnius and the surrounding areas. This territory was disputed between Lithuania and Poland after both countries had successfully reestablished their independence in 1918. Later, the western limit of the region became
663:
was occupied predominantly by
Belarusian speakers (56,05%), while Polish speakers amounted to only 8,17% of the population. The Russians maintained that the local Polish population consisted mainly of nobles, while the region's peasantry could not be Polish. The later German (1916) and Polish (1919)
444:
Poles based their claims on demographic grounds and pointed to the will of the inhabitants. Lithuanians used geographical and historical arguments and underlined the role
Vilnius played as the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. According to Lithuanian national activists, Poles and Belarusians
587:
Some historians speculated, that the loss of
Vilnius might have nonetheless safeguarded the very existence of the Lithuanian state in the interwar period. Despite an alliance with the Soviets (Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty) and the war with Poland, Lithuania was very close to being invaded by the
924:
513:
would soon recapture the area. Seeing that they could not secure it, the
Bolshevik authorities started to transfer the area to Lithuanian sovereignty. The advancing Polish Army managed to retake much of the disputed area before the Lithuanians arrived, while the most important part of it with the
307:
Today the eastern limit of the region lies between the
Lithuanian and Belarusian border. This border divides the Vilnius Region into two parts: western and eastern. The Western Vilnius Region, including Vilnius, is now part of Lithuania. It constitutes about one-third of the total Vilnius Region.
575:
In 1922 the Republic of Central Lithuania voted to join Poland and the choice was later accepted by the League of Nations, The area granted to Lithuania by the Bolsheviks in 1920 continued to be claimed by Lithuania, with the city of Vilnius being treated as that state's official capital and the
351:
and Lithuania, criticizing Lithuanian unwillingness to compromise over Vilnius region. Marshal Piłsudski offers the sausage labelled "agreement" to the dog (with the collar labelled Lithuania); the dog barking "Wilno, wilno, wilno" replies: "Even if you were to give me Wilno, I would bark for
667:
At the end of the First World War, 50% of the Vilnius inhabitants were Polish and 43% were Jewish. According to E. Bojtar, who cites P. Gaučas, the surrounding villages were mainly inhabited by Belarusian speakers who considered themselves Poles. There was also a large group who chose their
718:
language to be purely Polish. The population, including those of "the locals" (Tutejshy) who live in the other part of Vilnius region that was occupied by the Soviet Union and passed on to Belarus, still has a strong presence of Polish identity. Despite the fact, that this language is the
533:
withheld diplomatic recognition of Lithuania until 1922. Since the two states were not at war, diplomatic negotiations were begun. The negotiations and international mediation led to nowhere and until 1920 the disputed territory remained divided into a Lithuanian and a Polish part.
1317:, pp. 500–507; A Bolshevik victory over the Poles would have certainly meant a move by the Lithuanian communists, backed by the Red Army, to overthrow the Lithuanian nationalist government... Kaunas, in effect, paid for its independence with the loss of Vilna.
504:
with Lithuania on 12 July 1920. According to it, all area disputed between Poland and Lithuania, at the time controlled by the Bolsheviks, was to be transferred to Lithuania. However, the actual control over the area remained in the Bolsheviks' hands. After the
1165:, p. 244; Lithuanians based their claims to Vilnius on its role as the historical capital of the medieval Grand Duchy of Lithuania, whereas Poland staked its claim on the grounds that the city and surrounding area were predominantly ethnically Polish.
908:
1083:, "the issue of belonging to a certain nationality is not decided by everyone at will, it is not a matter that can be resolved according to the principles of political liberalism, even one cloaked in democratic slogans." Another leading activist,
2162:
Romer, Eugenjusz (1920). "Spis ludności na terenach administrowanych przez Zarząd Cywilny Ziem Wschodnich (Grudzień 1919)" [Census in the areas administered by the Civil Administration of the Eastern Territories (December 1919)].
468:
proclaimed an independent Lithuanian state with its capital in Vilnius. The Lithuanian government, however, failed to recruit soldiers among the Vilnius area inhabitants and was unable to organize the defence of the region against the
643:, while the Vilnius region became exceptionally ethnically diverse Belarusian-Polish-Lithuanian territory. The Belarusian population moved into the areas devastated by wars of the 17th and the early 18th centuries (Northern
1153:, p. 36; Lithuanians used historical and geographical arguments to defend their claims, Poles pointed to the overwhelmingly Polish ethnic character of the Land of Vilnius, and to the explicit will of its inhabitants.
473:. During November and December 1918, local Polish self-defence formations were created in Vilnius and many surrounding localities. They were formally included into the Polish Army by the end of the year. The Lithuanian
557:. In turn, the Lithuanian authorities did not acknowledge the Polish–Lithuanian border of 1918–1920 as permanent nor did they ever acknowledge the sovereignty of the puppet Republic of Central Lithuania.
316:) on August 3, 1940, from the Byelorussian SSR. The Eastern Vilnius Region became part of Belarus. No parts of the region are in modern Poland. None of the countries have any further territorial claims.
896:
696:. The majority of the population was composed of Poles (roughly 60%) according to the latter three censuses. and the Lithuanian government claimed that the majority of local Poles were in fact
300:
administration line between Poland and Lithuania following Polish military action in autumn 1920. Lithuania refused to recognize this action or the border. The eastern limit was defined by the
596:
335:
in the annexed areas. After eighteen months of existing under Poland's military protection, it was annexed by Poland on 24 March 1922 thus finalizing Poland's claims over the territory.
304:. The eastern line was never turned into an actual border between states and remained only a political vision. The total territory covered about 32,250 km (12,450 sq mi).
176:, the entire region was occupied by the Soviet Union. About one-fifth of the region, including Vilnius, was ceded to Lithuania by the Soviet Union on 10 October 1939 in exchange for
1329:, p. 163; If the Poles didn't stop the Soviet attack, Lithuania would fell to the Soviets... Polish victory costs the Lithuanians the city of Wilno, but saved Lithuania itself.
489:
1754:
1988:
684:
side post-war Polish censuses of 1921 and 1931, found 5% of Lithuanians living in the area, with several almost purely Lithuanian enclaves located to the south-west, south (
211:. From the late 1940s to 1990, the region was divided between the Lithuanian SSR and Byelorussian SSR, and since 1990 between modern-day independent Lithuania and Belarus.
1702:
672:
conducted by the German authorities Lithuanians constituted 18.5% of the population. However, during this census the Vilnius region was expanded greatly and ended near
2138:
Ochmański, Jerzy (1986). "The National Idea in Lithuania from the 16th to the First Half of the 19th Century: The Problem of Cultural-Linguistic Differentiation".
592:
181:
2187:
2078:
1837:
735:) who live in the other part of Vilnius region that was occupied by the Soviet Union and passed on to Belarus, still has a strong presence of Polish identity.
884:
308:
Lithuania gained about 6,880 km (2,660 sq mi) on October 10, 1939, from the Soviet Union and 2,650 km (1,020 sq mi) (including
858:
208:
1602:
632:. It was subjected to East Slavic and Polish cultural influences and settlement, which led to its gradual Ruthenization and Polonization. According to
623:
477:
left Vilnius together with the German garrison at the start of January 1919, when the first Polish-Soviet military clashes occurred east of the city.
2363:
948:
669:
2130:
875:
867:
707:
2358:
584:, and the states officially remained at war. It was not until the Polish ultimatum of 1938, that the two states resolved diplomatic relations.
185:
1936:Česnavičius, Darius; Stanaitis, Saulius (2010). "Dynamics of national composition of Vilnius population in the 2nd half of the 20th century".
611:
965:
1917:Čekmonas, Valerijus; Grumadienė, Laima (2017). "Kalbų paplitimas Rytų Lietuvoje" [Distribution of languages in Eastern Lithuania].
204:
1341:, p. 417; In summer 1920 Russia was working on a communist revolution in Lithuania... From this disaster, Lithuania was saved by the
1762:
975:
2368:
1800:
Balkelis, Tomas (2013). "Nation State, Ethnic Conflict, and Refugees in Lithuania: 1939–1940". In Bartov, Omer; Weitz, Eric D. (eds.).
915:
501:
301:
2314:
1000:
936:
368:
2102:
2062:
2039:
1973:
1926:
1907:
1863:
272:
1134:
639:, Vilnius was culturally Polish by the 17th century. By the 18th and 19th centuries, the city was almost completely surrounded by
465:
138:
114:
1644:
1577:
31:
438:
343:
246:
2297:
1881:
1984:
549:, which were boycotted by most Lithuanians, but also by many Jews and Belarusians because of strong Polish military control.
250:
680:. Due to the addition of further Polish regions, the percentage of the Lithuanian population was diluted. The questioned by
517:
871:
863:
711:
546:
324:
146:
50:
560:
862:
67.1% in 2021. The Poles are still concentrated in the area around Vilnius, and constituted 63.6% of the population in
173:
930:
Polish ethnographic map from 1916, showing the proportions of Polish population, according to German censuses of 1916
235:
200:
2245:
720:
541:
twice attempted to organise plebiscites, although neither side was eager to participate. After a staged mutiny by
493:
254:
239:
157:
2140:
383:
169:
1617:
332:
161:
1805:
914:
Polish ethnographic map from 1912, showing the proportions of Polish population on the territory of the former
407:
110:
62:
668:
self-declared national identification in accordance with the particular political situation. According to the
2353:
1953:
554:
506:
2270:
1802:
Shatterzone of Empires: Coexistence and Violence in the German, Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands
970:
150:
130:
1080:
481:
2002:
Karjaharm, Toomas (2010). "Terminology Pertaining to Ethnic Relations as Used in Late Imperial Russia".
1850:
724:
656:
530:
433:. With the German defeat in World War I and the outbreak of hostilities between various factions of the
58:
2266:
348:
289:
Eastern (brown) and Western (orange) Vilnius Regions in relation to the current territory of Lithuania
1993:
1961:
1895:
1758:
659:(which studied the linguistic situation, but didn't include the category of ethnic affiliation)) the
542:
461:
414:
403:
328:
1051:
1031:
800:
786:
767:
759:
755:
751:
45:
2181:
2072:
1831:
1342:
990:
980:
453:
395:
122:
2086:
285:
1703:"Migracijos procesai Vilniuje: kaip ir kodėl per sovietmetį keitėsi Vilniaus gyventojų sudėtis"
2208:
2098:
2058:
2035:
1969:
1922:
1903:
1596:
1005:
685:
660:
577:
538:
434:
422:
399:
165:
30:"Vilna land" and "Vilnius Land" redirect here. For Vilnius Region in the interwar period, see
2256:
655:
and Vilnius counties) and only a few Lithuanian settlements remained there. According to the
121:, claimed the Vilnius Region based on this historical legacy. Poland argued for the right of
2023:
1687:
1673:
846:
603:
568:
497:
91:
693:
652:
347:
A satirical picture from interwar Polish press (around 1925–1935): a caricature of marshal
313:
2301:
1921:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas. pp. 108–114, 864–866, 965–967.
1138:
1106:
1043:
832:
814:
727:
relics from Lithuanian language, its speakers consider themselves to be Poles and believe
564:
394:, Vilnius and its environs had become a nucleus of the early ethnic Lithuanian state, the
126:
1813:
Barwiński, Marek; Leśniewska, Katarzyna (2010). "Vilnius region as a historical region".
1688:"Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Виленский уезд без города"
689:
1131:
1433:
1355:
985:
633:
607:
418:
118:
364:
17:
2347:
2306:
2213:
2200:
2031:
2011:
1945:
1651:
1581:
1084:
702:
673:
636:
446:
99:
2112:
Merkys, Vytautas (2004). "Tautinė Vilniaus vyskupijos gyventojų sudėtis 1867-1917".
1674:"Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Виленский уезд, весь"
2294:
2236:
995:
697:
309:
196:
192:
142:
134:
677:
357:
2261:(in Polish). Vol. I. Polska Drukarnia Nakładowa "LUX" Ludwika Chomińskiego.
2154:
2151:
Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-Century Central-Eastern Europe
681:
510:
426:
391:
379:
375:
224:
177:
731:
dialect to be purely Polish. The population, including those of "the locals" (
470:
449:
Lithuanians". Their view is confirmed by both Polish and Lithuanian research.
95:
2329:
2316:
2295:
Lithuanian-Belarusian language boundary in the 4th decade of the 19th century
2289:
2127:
Lithuanian ethnic border in the east: from the tribal era to the 16th century
2307:
Lithuanian-Belarusian language boundary at the beginning of the 20th century
854:
599:
unitl June 1940, when the entire Lithuania was annexed by the Soviet Union.
79:
1875:(in Polish). Warsaw: Biblioteka Delegacji Rad Polskich Litwy i Białej Rusi.
1645:"Ethnic Processes in Southeastern Lithuania in the 2nd half of the 20th c."
429:, it was seized by Germany and given to the civilian administration of the
612:
About 150,000 of the Polish population was repatriated from Lithuanian SSR
2197:
Great Britain, Germany and the Soviet Union: Rapallo and After, 1922-1934
1707:
732:
644:
485:
457:
430:
296:
141:, but in 1920 it was seized by Poland and became part of the short-lived
2123:
Litewska granica etniczna na wschodzie: od epoki plemiennej do XVI wieku
437:, the area was disputed by the newly established Lithuanian, Polish and
37:
2250:(in Lithuanian). Vol. I - Vilniaus Istorija. Vilnius: Edukologija.
1873:
Spisy ludności m. Wilna za okupacji niemieckiej od. 1 listopada 1915 r.
818:
771:
763:
106:
83:
1531:
1529:
1198:
870:
in 1989, By 2011 the number had shrunk to 52.07% of the population in
2211:(1962). "The Formation of the Lithuanian Foreign Office, 1918-1921".
1010:
648:
581:
474:
353:
125:
of the local Polish-speaking population. As a result, throughout the
54:
2290:
Repatriation and Resettlement of Ethnic Poles Maps of Ethnic Groups
1847:
The Soviet-Polish Peace of 1921 and the creation of interwar Europe
1358:(Polish translation of a Lithuanian article) "Veidas", 25 08 2005:
1886:
1560:
1558:
1556:
640:
629:
559:
553:
the Soviets had previously renounced claims to that region in the
516:
374:
363:
342:
87:
44:
36:
2055:
The genesis and internal history of Central Lithuania (1920-1922)
1247:
1245:
1243:
398:, also referred to in Lithuanian historiography as a part of the
1444:
1442:
1079:
According to one of the leading Lithuanian national activists,
218:
1902:(in Lithuanian). Vol. II. Chicago: Dr. Griniaus fondas.
1860:
Foreword to the past: a cultural history of the Baltic people
488:, the region got under Soviet control as the part of planned
1618:"Jankowiak: Polacy na Wileńszczyźnie mówią gwarą białoruską"
1360:"defended both Poland and Lithuanian from Soviet domination"
1356:
Józef Piłsudski - wróg niepodległości Litwy czy jej wybawca?
714:; its speakers consider themselves to be Poles and believe
602:
The Soviet Union was awarded the Vilnius region during the
456:
of September 1917, organized by Lithuanian activists under
41:
Map of the newly established states and frontiers in 1918
1968:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Valstybinis leidybos centras.
2255:
Turska, Halina (1930). "Język polski na Wileńsczyzne".
1919:
Valerijus Čekmonas: kalbų kontaktai ir sociolingvistika
180:
bases within the territory of Lithuania as part of the
2051:
Geneza i dzieje wewnętrzne Litwy Środkowej (1920-1922)
203:
and Lithuania was occupied by the Soviet Union as the
27:
Historical region in present-day Lithuania and Belarus
1286:
1284:
1741:
184:. The remaining part of the region was given to the
164:) were followed up by fruitless negotiations in the
2233:
Russia, Ukraine and the Breakup of the Soviet Union
1370:
942:
Percentage of Poles by municipalities (2011 census)
191:The conflict over Vilnius Region was settled after
2018:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Enciklopedijų Redakcija.
1882:"Etnografinės Lietuvos Rytinės ir Pietinės Sienos"
1547:
1199:Lipscomb & Committee for a Free Lithuania 1958
597:Vilnius Region was under Lithuanian administration
199:, as Poland was the Soviet satellite state of the
1535:
1150:
172:in 1939, as part of the Soviet fulfilment of the
1564:
628:The area was originally inhabited by Lithuanian
545:Poles took control over the area, and organised
490:Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
415:Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
417:in the late 18th century it was annexed by the
129:the control over the area was disputed between
323:refers to the short-lived puppet state of the
2217:. Vol. 21, no. 3. pp. 500–507.
2097:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza.
954:Lithuanian language in the early 21st century
149:, and was subsequently incorporated into the
8:
1938:Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series
758:. Note: relative majority in Vilnius uyezd.
706:dialect is the native language for Poles in
1484:
1234:
253:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
195:when both Poland and Lithuania were in the
2186:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2077:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1836:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1460:
593:Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty
591:In 1939, the Soviets proposed to sign the
514:city of Vilnius was secured by Lithuania.
182:Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty
137:recognized it as part of Lithuania in the
2095:The Polish-Lithuanian Conflict, 1918–1920
1448:
1418:
1406:
1382:
1302:
1210:
624:Demographic history of the Vilnius region
606:, and it subsequently became part of the
273:Learn how and when to remove this message
2176:(in Lithuanian). Vol. 3. Cleveland.
2149:Owsinski, Jan; Eberhardt, Piotr (2003).
1782:
1729:
1275:
1251:
1174:
1162:
692:enclave) of Vilnius and to the north of
284:
86:that was originally inhabited by ethnic
2273:[Polish-speaking Lithuanians].
1263:
1098:
890:Lithuanian language in the 16th century
880:
737:
529:Due to Polish-Lithuanian tensions, the
2179:
2070:
1829:
1601:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1594:
1520:
1508:
1496:
1394:
1290:
1222:
1186:
186:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
61:claims on the territory of the former
1950:God's Playground: The origins to 1795
1472:
1338:
966:Disputed territories of Baltic States
750:Language spoken. Majorities. Green -
484:, during the summer offensive of the
7:
2131:Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
1871:Brensztejn, Michał Eustachy (1919).
1755:"Gyventojai gyvenamosiose vietovėse"
1616:Radczenko, Antoni (27 August 2015).
1326:
1314:
1058:. Also formerly known in English as
766:city; 41,85% if excluding Vilnius),
251:adding citations to reliable sources
205:Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
2226:. Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla.
2174:Kovos dėl Lietuvos nepriklausomybės
1966:Lietuvos rytai: straipsnių rinkinys
976:Union for the Liberation of Vilnius
509:it became clear that the advancing
2091:Konflikt polsko-litewski 1918-1920
1643:Kalnius, Petras (17 August 2004).
1001:Polish National-Territorial Region
774:city; 34,92% if excluding Vilnius)
25:
1864:Central European University Press
876:Šalčininkai District Municipality
868:Šalčininkai District Municipality
708:Šalčininkai District Municipality
1822:Bieliauskas, Pranciškus (2009).
1742:Česnavičius & Stanaitis 2010
947:
935:
923:
907:
895:
883:
839:
825:
807:
793:
779:
743:
466:Act of Independence of Lithuania
223:
209:Poles were repatriated to Poland
139:Soviet-Lithuanian Treaty of 1920
109:, the historical capital of the
78:is the territory in present-day
2364:Historical regions in Lithuania
2271:"Lenkiškai kalbantys lietuviai"
1900:Naujųjų laikų Lietuvos istorija
1824:Vilniaus dienoraštis. 1915-1919
1371:Barwiński & Leśniewska 2010
1132:Viduramžių Lietuvos provincijos
918:, according to pre-war censuses
866:and 82.4% of the population in
102:cultural influences over time.
1985:Committee for a Free Lithuania
1940:. No. 13. pp. 33–44.
1548:Čekmonas & Grumadienė 2017
1073:
1026:
916:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
817:, speaking Litvish dialect of
801:Lithuanian-speaking population
787:Belarusian-speaking population
756:Lithuanian-speaking population
752:Belarusian-speaking population
502:Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty
302:Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty
1:
2359:Historical regions in Belarus
1536:Owsinski & Eberhardt 2003
1151:Owsinski & Eberhardt 2003
902:Lithuania in the 17th century
872:Vilnius District Municipality
864:Vilnius District Municipality
712:Vilnius District Municipality
325:Republic of Central Lithuania
65:
49:Map showing the territory of
2224:Lietuvos Valstybės Atkūrimas
2195:Salzmann, Stephanie (2013).
2144:. Vol. X, no. 3/4.
1964:; Grumadienė, Laima (1993).
1880:Budreckis, Algirdas (1967).
1761:. 2013-01-25. Archived from
1565:Garšva & Grumadienė 1993
2222:Senn, Alfred Erich (1992).
2057:] (in Polish). Lublin.
2004:Acta Historica Tallinnensia
847:Russian-speaking population
723:Belarusian vernacular with
710:and in some territories of
676:, and included the city of
156:Direct military conflicts (
32:Wilno Voivodeship (1926–39)
2385:
833:Polish-speaking population
621:
480:After the outbreak of the
360:because this is who I am."
29:
2141:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
2121:Ochmański, Jerzy (1981).
2049:Krajewski, Zenon (1996).
1826:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius.
1701:Stravinskienė, Vitalija.
1141:. Retrieved on 2007.04.11
1055:
523:Remember enslaved Vilnius
384:Cathedral Square, Vilnius
215:Territory and terminology
170:Soviet invasion of Poland
2244:Šapoka, Adolfas (2013).
2231:Szporluk, Roman (2000).
2167:(in Polish). No. 7.
2028:The History of Lithuania
1845:Borzecki, Jerzy (2008).
1806:Indiana University Press
700:Lithuanians. Today, the
507:Battle of Warsaw of 1920
408:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
201:Polish People's Republic
111:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
63:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2258:Wilno i Ziemia Wilenska
2172:Rukša, Antanas (1982).
1954:Oxford University Press
1109:. "Lithuania Propria".
555:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
382:soldiers parade in the
174:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
105:The territory included
57:as compared with other
53:(green) created by the
1989:"Extension of Remarks"
1983:Lipscomb, Glenard P.;
1815:Region and Regionalism
1254:, pp. 2–3, 10–11.
1047:
1035:
971:Ethnographic Lithuania
657:Russian census of 1897
572:
526:
425:there. As a result of
421:which established the
387:
372:
361:
290:
151:Second Polish Republic
115:declaring independence
72:
55:Second Polish Republic
42:
18:Eastern Vilnius region
2369:Polish–Lithuanian War
1851:Yale University Press
855:extermination of Jews
770:: (20,93 % with
563:
520:
494:Lithuanian–Soviet War
378:
367:
346:
288:
158:Polish–Lithuanian War
48:
40:
1994:Congressional Record
1759:Statistics Lithuania
762:: (25,8 % with
492:(Litbel). Following
462:council of Lithuania
445:of the region were "
404:Kingdom of Lithuania
247:improve this section
2326: /
2269:(31 January 2014).
2267:Zinkevičius, Zigmas
2129:] (in Polish).
2114:Istorijos Akiračiai
1858:Bojtar, E. (2000).
1808:. pp. 243–257.
1511:, pp. 408–409.
1189:, pp. 219–225.
1130:Viduramžių Lietuva
162:Żeligowski's Mutiny
133:and Lithuania. The
113:. Lithuania, after
2300:2011-05-17 at the
2209:Senn, Alfred Erich
2165:Prace Geograficzne
2016:Iš mano atsiminimų
1962:Garšva, Kazimieras
1744:, pp. 33, 36.
1538:, pp. 48, 59.
1451:, p. 11, 104.
1343:miracle at Vistula
1137:2007-04-19 at the
991:Poles in Lithuania
981:History of Vilnius
573:
527:
521:Lithuanian poster
454:Vilnius Conference
396:Duchy of Lithuania
388:
373:
371:in interwar Poland
362:
291:
123:self-determination
90:and was a part of
73:
43:
2330:54.500°N 25.417°E
2024:Kiaupa, Zigmantas
1997:. 104 - Appendix.
1463:, pp. 8, 21.
1421:, pp. 32–33.
1373:, pp. 95–98.
1113:(in Lithuanian).
661:Vilna Governorate
578:temporary capital
543:Lucjan Żeligowski
539:League of Nations
482:Polish–Soviet War
435:Russian Civil War
423:Vilna Governorate
400:Lithuania Propria
369:Wilno Voivodeship
333:his staged mutiny
329:Lucjan Żeligowski
321:Central Lithuania
283:
282:
275:
166:League of Nations
147:Central Lithuania
94:, but came under
51:Central Lithuania
16:(Redirected from
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2019:
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1650:. Archived from
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1607:
1606:
1600:
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1589:
1580:. Archived from
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1235:Zinkevičius 2014
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1201:, p. A4962.
1196:
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1111:Darbai ir dienos
1107:Smetona, Antanas
1103:
1081:Mykolas Biržiška
1077:
1057:
1036:Vilniaus kraštas
1030:
951:
939:
927:
911:
899:
887:
843:
829:
811:
797:
783:
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688:enclave), east (
634:Polish historian
604:Yalta Conference
569:Gediminas Avenue
498:Bolshevik Russia
327:, proclaimed by
278:
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92:Lithuania proper
70:
67:
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2006:. Vol. 15.
2001:
1987:(29 May 1958).
1982:
1976:
1960:
1944:
1935:
1929:
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1896:Čepėnas, Pranas
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1817:. Vol. 10.
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571:, Vilnius, 1939
565:Lithuanian Army
458:German auspices
349:Józef Piłsudski
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2335:54.500; 25.417
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2284:External links
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2012:Klimas, Petras
2008:
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1489:
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1449:Łossowski 1995
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1419:Karjaharm 2010
1411:
1409:, p. 314.
1407:Ochmański 1986
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1383:Ochmański 1981
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1303:Krajewski 1996
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1215:
1211:Budreckis 1967
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1117:(12): 191–234.
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739:Census in 1897
622:Main article:
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608:Lithuanian SSR
567:parade in the
537:In the 1920s,
419:Russian Empire
402:, that became
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1765:on 2017-02-02
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1731:
1730:Szporluk 2000
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1277:
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1272:
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1767:. Retrieved
1763:the original
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1706:
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1656:. Retrieved
1652:the original
1647:
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1621:
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1582:the original
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245:Please help
233:
197:Eastern Bloc
193:World War II
190:
168:. After the
155:
143:puppet state
135:Soviet Union
104:
75:
74:
2333: /
2155:M.E. Sharpe
2030:. Vilnius:
1648:istorija.lt
1624:(in Polish)
1521:Bojtar 2000
1509:Merkys 2004
1497:Klimas 1991
1395:Davies 2005
1291:Kiaupa 2004
1223:Šapoka 2013
1187:Turska 1930
754:, yellow -
686:Dieveniškės
670:1916 census
618:Ethnography
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525:, the 1930s
511:Polish Army
500:signed the
427:World War I
392:Middle Ages
380:Polish Army
96:East Slavic
69: 1921
2348:Categories
1769:2017-02-25
1622:Kresy24.pl
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1052:Belarusian
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853:After the
768:Lithuanian
760:Belarusian
721:uncodified
694:Švenčionys
682:Lithuanian
653:Švenčionys
471:Bolsheviks
447:Slavicized
439:Belarusian
413:After the
406:and later
314:Švenčionys
263:March 2017
59:Lithuanian
2182:cite book
2073:cite book
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1434:Demoscope
1327:Senn 1992
1315:Senn 1962
729:Po prostu
725:substrate
716:Po prostu
703:Po prostu
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690:Gervėčiai
678:Białystok
547:elections
464:, and an
358:Białystok
319:The term
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2014:(1991).
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1597:cite web
1135:Archived
960:See also
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645:Ashmyany
486:Red Army
441:states.
431:Ober-Ost
297:de facto
2321:25°25′E
2318:54°30′N
1793:Sources
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772:Vilnius
764:Vilnius
390:In the
255:removed
240:sources
107:Vilnius
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649:Trakai
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475:Taryba
386:, 1919
354:Grodno
331:after
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100:Polish
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1887:Karys
1017:Notes
641:Slavs
630:Balts
2188:link
2099:ISBN
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1838:link
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