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diamond shapes become more like crossbands and are followed by 5–10 bands around the tail. The belly is a yellowish or cream-colored, with diffused, dark mottling along the sides. The head has a dark postocular stripe that extends from behind the eye backwards and downwards to the lip; the back of the stripe touches the angle of the mouth. Anteriorly and posteriorly, the postocular stripe is bordered by distinct white or yellow stripes. The rattle at the end of their tail is made of hard, loosely attached, hollow segments which break off frequently and are completely replaced when the snake sheds.
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460:. Maximum reported lengths for the eastern diamondback rattlesnake are 2.4 m (8 ft) and 2.5 m (8.25 ft). However, the stated maximum sizes have been called into question due to a lack of voucher specimens. Males are typically larger than females, which is rare among snakes (females are usually larger than males).
975:'s ACP are effective antivenins against bites from this species, although massive doses may be needed to manage severe cases of envenomation. Generally, ACP is very effective at countering the defibrination syndrome that is often seen, but may do little for low platelet counts. Wyeth's ACP is no longer being manufactured.
480:
mass is roughly 2.3 kg (5.1 lb). The average weight of 9 laboratory-kept specimens was 2.55 kg (5.6 lb), with a range of 0.8 to 4.9 kg (1.8 to 10.8 lb). Few specimens can exceed 5.12 kg (11.3 lb), although exceptional specimens can weigh 6.7 kg (15 lb) or more.
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ground in an S-shaped coil, and can strike to a distance of at least a third of its body length. Many will stand their ground and may strike repeatedly, but if given the opportunity, they will usually retreat while facing the intruder and moving backwards towards shelter, after which they disappear.
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Individual disposition varies, with some allowing close approach while remaining silent, and others starting to rattle at a distance of 6–9 m (20–30 ft). The rattle is well developed and can be heard from relatively far away. When threatened, it raises the anterior half of the body off the
451:
The eastern diamondback rattlesnake is the largest rattlesnake species and is one of the heaviest known species of venomous snake, with one specimen shot in 1946 measuring 2.4 m (7.8 ft) in length and weighing 15.4 kg (34 lb). However, other venomous snakes may rival this species
960:
Klauber described one case in which the symptoms included instant pain "like two hot hypodermic needles", spontaneous bleeding from the bite site, intense internal pain, bleeding from the mouth, hypotension, a weak pulse, swelling and discoloration of the affected limb, and associated severe pain.
551:
Other common names for this snake species include eastern diamond-backed rattlesnake, eastern diamondback, diamond rattlesnake, diamond-back rattlesnake, common rattlesnake, diamond-back, diamond(-patch) rattler, eastern diamond-back (rattlesnake), eastern diamond rattlesnake, Florida diamond-back
479:
The average size is much less. Specimens are rarely found over 6 feet in length. Lengths of 1.1 to 1.7 m (3.5 to 5.5 ft), and 0.8 to 1.8 m (2.75 to 6 ft) are given. One study found an average length of 1.7 m (5.6 ft) based on 31 males and 43 females. The average body
471:
in 1953, in which Allen explains how for years he offered a reward of $ 100, and later $ 200, for an 2.4 m (8 ft) specimen, dead or alive. The reward was never claimed. He did receive a number of 2.1 m (7 ft) range specimens and some 2.4 m (8 ft) skins, but said such
2071:
Rokyta, Darin R, et al. "The venom-gland transcriptome of the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus)." BMC Genomics, vol. 13, no. 1, 16 July 2012. Gale
Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A534115288/AONE?u=clemsonu_main&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=4a0429fa. Accessed 24 Apr.
629:
Threats to eastern diamondback rattlesnake include habitat loss, killing by humans, and highway mortality. Rattlesnake roundups are another threat to this species, as they are removed from the wild and killed for exhibition and entertainment. One common method of capture at these events involves
542:
The color pattern consists of a brownish, brownish-yellow, brownish-gray or olive ground color, overlaid with a series of 24–35 dark brown to black diamonds with slightly lighter centers. Each of these diamond-shaped blotches is outlined with a row of cream or yellowish scales. Posteriorly, the
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In proportion to its length, it has the longest fangs of any rattlesnake species, with calculations leading one to expect an 2.4-meter (8 ft) specimen would have fangs with a total length of over 25 mm (1 in). For comparison, a 1.5-meter (5 ft) specimen had fangs measuring
806:
Adult wild-caught specimens are often difficult to maintain in captivity, but captive-born individuals do quite well and feed readily on killed laboratory rodents. The eastern diamondback requires a dry and well-ventilated cage with a hide-box, maintained at a temperature of 23–27 °C
775:
Females give birth to between 4 and 28 young at a time, usually between July and early
October. Neonates are 30–36 cm (12–14 in) in length and are similar in appearance to the adults, except for having only a small button instead of a rattle on the tip of their tails.
630:
pouring gasoline down a rattlesnake's supposed burrow, a practice which is harmful to both the snake and its environment. A study was conducted in South
Carolina that showed positive results in translocating species to save them due to their inability to adapt to habitat loss.
732:
Because of their large size, adults have no problem eating prey as large as fully grown cottontail rabbits. As the juveniles are capable of swallowing adult mice, they do not often resort to eating slimmer prey, such as lizards. In fact, eastern cottontails and marsh rabbits
552:(rattlesnake), Florida rattlesnake, lozenge-spotted rattlesnake, rattler, rattlesnake, southeastern diamond-backed rattlesnake, southeastern diamond-backed rattler, southern woodland rattler, timber rattler, water rattle, water rattlesnake, and diamondback rattlesnake.
612:(v3.1, 2001). Species are listed as such owing to their wide distribution or presumed large population, or because they are unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. The population trend was down when assessed in 2007.
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Like most rattlesnakes, this species is terrestrial and not adept at climbing. However, it has on occasion been reported in bushes and trees, apparently in search of prey. Even large specimens have been spotted as high as 10 m (33 ft) above the ground.
685:
The eastern diamondback rattlesnake frequently shelters by tunneling in gopher and tortoise burrows, emerging in the early morning or afternoon to bask. Some research shows that these snakes spend less time underground during their active seasons.
729:). The diet also includes birds. Eastern Diamondback rattlesnakes may sit and wait in a coiled position for up to a week while waiting for prey. Prey is struck and released, after which the snake follows the scent trail left by the dying prey.
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average about a dozen young. However, the young only stay with the mother 10–20 days before they set off on their own to hunt and find cover. Their life history is considered to be slow since they breed on intervals of 2–4 years.
1972:
Fill, Jennifer M., et al. “Breeding and reproductive phenology of
Eastern Diamond-backed rattlesnakes (crotalus adamanteus) in South Carolina.” Journal of Herpetology, vol. 49, no. 4, Dec. 2015, pp. 570–573,
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mentioned a mortality rate of 30%, but other studies show a mortality rate of 10–20% (untreated). The eastern diamondback rattlesnake is a major leader of fatal snakebites within its geographical range.
2350:
Check-list of North
American Batrachia and Reptiles with a systematic list of higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution based on specimens contained in the United States National Museum
1519:
879:
Eastern diamondback rattlesnake venom is estimated to contain over 100 different toxins. This venom is one of the most studied snake venoms with around 40 toxins characterized. The venom contains a
857: in) in length. It has a very high venom yield, an average of 400–450 mg, with a maximum of 858–1,000 mg. Brown gives an average venom yield of 410 mg (dried venom), along with
619:, having last been observed there in 1995. In fact some scientists and conservationists believe it may even be extirpated in North Carolina, having last been observed there in the early 1990s.
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One popular myth is that the eastern diamondback rattlesnake must rattle before striking. To the contrary, it is quite capable of striking while remaining completely silent.
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1811:
Kelley, Allison G., et al. “Effectiveness of long‐distance translocation of eastern
Diamondback rattlesnakes.” Wildlife Society Bulletin, vol. 46, no. 3, 5 May 2022,
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skins can be taken from specimens as short as 1.8 m (6 ft). A 2.2 m (7.3 ft) specimen was caught and killed outside a neighborhood in
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1571:
Dorcas ME, Hopkins WA, Roe JH (February 2004). "Effects of Body Mass and
Temperature on Standard Metabolic Rate in the Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (
615:
In North
Carolina, the eastern diamondback rattlesnake is protected by state law and considered endangered within the state. It is likely extirpated in
1711:
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The
Reptiles of North America: A review of the crocodilians, lizards, snakes, turtles and tortoises inhabiting the United States and northern Mexico
1308:
The
Reptiles of North America: A review of the crocodilians, lizards, snakes, turtles and tortoises inhabiting the United States and northern Mexico
2328:. ( With 108 drawings by Edmond Malnate). New York and London: D. Appleton-Century Company. Frontispiece map + viii + 163 pp. + Plates A-C, 1-32. (
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The eastern diamondback can live beyond 20 years, but life expectancy in the wild is now typically shorter because of hunting and human expansion.
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Hawks, eagles, and other snakes have been known to prey upon young and adolescent specimens of the eastern diamondback rattlesnake.
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919:). Even with this defibrination, however, clinically significant bleeding is uncommon. Nevertheless, the venom does exhibit high
90:
1497:. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a division of Cornell University Press. (7th printing, 1985). 1,105 pp.
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The eastern diamondback rattlesnake forages actively or lies in ambush for small mammals, especially rabbits and rice rats (
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habitats, grass-sedge marshes and swamp forest, cypress swamps, mesic hammocks, sandy mixed woodlands, xeric hammocks, and
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739:) form the bulk of the diet in most parts of Florida. Squirrels, rats, and mice are also eaten, along with birds such as
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It is also known to be an excellent swimmer. Specimens have often been spotted crossing stretches of water between
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Plan d'une iconographie descriptive des ophidiens et description sommaire de nouvelles espèces des serpents
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1952:
Home range, seasonal movements, and behavior of the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus)
626:
owing to its recent decline, and the current population represents only 3% of the historical population.
2908:
2677:
2392:
Hasiba U, Rosenbach LM, Rockwell D, Lewis JH (1975). "DIC-like syndrome after envenomation by the snake
2208:
Hasiba U, Rosenbach LM, Rockwell D, Lewis JH (1975). "DIC-like syndrome after envenomation by the snake
1955:
1656:
Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) Ambush Site Selection in Coastal Saltwater Marshes
937:, and makes up 2–8% of the protein found in the venom. In general, the venom can be described as highly
210:
1540:
Rice AN, Roberts TL, Dorcas ME (2006). "Heating and cooling rates of eastern diamondback rattlesnakes,
2778:
2742:
1383:
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698:
1333:
Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition
2630:
2514:
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1490:
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865:
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50:
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2326:
What Snake Is That?: A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains
1018:
858:
528:
244:
100:
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2465:. 1st edition. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. 1,708 pp. .
1737:"Species Profile: Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) | SREL Herpetology"
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1604:"EFFECTS OF RATTLESNAKE ROUNDUPS ON THE EASTERN DIAMONDBACK RATTLESNAKE (CROTALUS ADAMANTEUS)"
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Brickell J (1805). "Miscellaneous chemical and medical facts, observations and conjectures".
1458:
A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition
661:, as well as wet prairies during dry periods. In many areas, it seems to use burrows made by
622:
This species is currently under review for being added to the Endangered Species List by the
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2151:"The venom-gland transcriptome of the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus)"
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1460:. First published in 1958. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. xviii + 429 pp. + 48 plates.
928:
662:
437:
1335:. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp., 47 plates, 207 figures.
2489:
2338:(1867). "On the Reptilia and Batrachia of the Sonoran province of the Nearctic region".
2276:
432:
2596:
2301:
Brattstrom BH (1954). "The fossil pit-vipers (Reptilia: Crotalidae) of North America".
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2014:
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An eastern diamondback rattlesnake showing one of its venomous fangs, Louisville Zoo,
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496:
484:
70:
65:
2601:
Reptiles and Amphibians: A Guide to Familiar American Species: A Golden Nature Guide
1156:
2760:
2476:
Lee CY (1972). "Chemistry and pharmacology of polypeptide toxins in Snake venoms".
2263:
Lee CY (1972). "Chemistry and pharmacology of polypeptide toxins in Snake venoms".
1557:
826:
The eastern diamondback rattlesnake has the reputation of being the most dangerous
755:, and a mother woodpecker along with four of her eggs. It also eats large insects.
573:
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1959:
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2472:. 2nd edition. 2 Volumes. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
1989:
Conservation guide to the eastern diamondback rattlesnake, Crotalus adamanteus
950:
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The eastern diamondback rattlesnake inhabits upland dry pine forest, pine and
520:
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394:
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2176:
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1783:
1736:
1687:
A Guide to the Rattlesnakes and other Venomous Serpents of the United States
908:
768:
748:
642:
616:
585:
524:
401:
117:
2194:
2099:. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 870 pp. 1,500 plates.
1894:
1267:"Gaboon Viper | Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability"
961:
The symptoms were further described as strongly hemolytic and hemorrhagic.
2497:
2417:
2284:
2233:
1991:. Salt Lake City, Utah: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.
1079:
Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1
2887:
2712:
2538:. Chicago: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. 280 pp.
2019:
The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians
938:
900:
880:
873:
725:
646:
532:
417:
405:
187:
157:
137:
2770:
2624:
1855:"The genetics of venom ontogeny in the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (
1588:
2796:
2352:. Washington, District of Columbia: Government Printing Office. 104 pp.
1875:
924:
639:
577:
569:
390:
147:
2591:
Histoire naturelle des reptiles, avec figures dissinées d'après nature
1129:
Rattlesnakes: Their Habitats, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind
2809:
2683:
2536:
A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles, Sixth Edition
1654:
968:
964:
904:
884:
800:
740:
463:
Specimens over 2.1 m (7 ft) are rare, but well documented.
127:
2689:
2470:
Rattlesnakes: Their Habits, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind
2125:
2026:
1293:
Rattlesnakes: Their Habits, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind
1081:. Washington, District of Columbia. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp.
2463:
Rattlesnakes: Their Habits, Life Histories and Influence on Mankind
2362:. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co. i-xvi + 476 pp.
1916:. Miami, Florida: Windward Publishing Inc. 176 pp. LCCCN 81-51066.
1914:
Handbooks of Reptiles and Amphibians of Florida, Part 1, The Snakes
1812:
2545:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp., 34 plates, 103 figures. (
1794:. University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL)
972:
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that impedes neuromuscular transmission and can in theory lead to
876:
for toxicity. The estimated human lethal dose is 100–150 mg.
814:
786:
676:
442:
431:
177:
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1131:(Second ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
1714:. LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES. Archived from
2783:
2693:
2671:
2658:
2088:
Norris R (2004). "Venom Poisoning in North American Reptiles".
1246:
True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers
953:
that can result in severe pain, as well as profound, transient
907:
strands can result in a reduced platelet count, as well as the
2340:
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
1974:
989:
987:
588:. The original description for the species does not include a
1295:(2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
1937:
1853:
Rokyta DR, Margres MJ, Ward MJ, Sanchez EE (27 April 2017).
1436:. New York: US Government / Dover Publications Inc. 204 pp.
2118:
Toxicology and Pharmacology of Venoms from Poisonous Snakes
2557:
Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification
834:. While not usually aggressive, it is large and powerful.
2149:
Rokyta DR, Lemmon AR, Margres MJ, Aronow K (2012-07-16).
608:
This snake species is classified as Least Concern on the
2376:. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company. xi + 378 pp.
2303:
Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History
1248:. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp.
923:
activity. It also contains a low-molecular-weight basic
1636:"Crotalus atrox (Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnake)"
1390:. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London.
763:
Rattlesnakes, including the eastern diamondback, are
2543:
Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada
2120:. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. 184 pp.
705:
and in the Florida Keys, sometimes miles from land.
560:
The eastern diamondback rattlesnake is found in the
2702:
2511:. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. 235 pp.
1310:. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co.
568:, south along the coastal plain through peninsular
452:in weight such as the much longer but more slender
2519:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
1495:Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada
531:, the first of which is in broad contact with the
483:The scalation includes 25–31 (usually 29) rows of
576:, and west along the Gulf Coast through southern
495:in males/females, respectively. On the head, the
27:Species of reptile endemic to the southeastern US
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
1516:"ANIMAL BYTES - Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake"
2097:The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere
1388:The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere
747:. Other prey that have been reported include a
8:
2593:. 4 Vols. Paris: Deterville. (in French). .
2253:. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas.
2010:
2008:
1670:2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)
1486:
1484:
1482:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1019:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64308A12762249.en
931:. This peptide is similar to crotamine from
899:cells. Although the venom does not activate
1217:The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats
499:is higher than it is wide and contacts two
2690:
2446:Jones A (1997). "Big reptiles, big lies".
2374:Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition
2332:, pp. 145–147 + Plate 30, Figure 86).
1689:. Tempe, Arizona: Tricolor Books. 129 pp.
1357:Jones A (1997). "Big reptiles, big lies".
767:. Gestation lasts six or seven months and
467:(1998) included a letter he received from
235:
81:
59:
40:
31:
2603:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 160 pp. (
2184:
2166:
1884:
1874:
1835:. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp.
1412:"Huge Rattlesnake Found in St. Augustine"
1017:
891:, leading to the secondary activation of
2517:(1799). "Memoir on Amphibia. Serpents".
1908:
1906:
1904:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1685:Hubbs, Brian; O'Connor, Brendan (2012).
1452:
1450:
2965:Fauna of the Southeastern United States
1611:Herpetological Conservation and Biology
1194:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1150:
1148:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1066:
1064:
983:
949:fraction. It stimulates the release of
624:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
436:Eastern diamondback rattlesnake at the
1912:Ashton RE Jr, Sawyer-Ashton P (1981).
1180:
1178:
341:Crotalus adamanteus pleistofloridensis
2985:Endemic reptiles of the United States
2144:
2142:
2021:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp.
1244:Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003).
807:(73–80 °F) for normal activity.
596:(1953) proposed it be restricted to "
7:
2950:IUCN Red List least concern species
2490:10.1146/annurev.pa.12.040172.001405
2277:10.1146/annurev.pa.12.040172.001405
2048:"WCH Clinical Toxinology Resources"
1833:Living Snakes of the World in Color
1602:D. BRUCE MEANS (10 February 2009).
1005:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
887:, "crotalase", capable of clotting
2559:. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp.
2388:, pp. 155, 333, Figure16-23).
1784:"Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (
1414:. WOFL Fox 35 News. 2 October 2009
527:. There are 12–17 (usually 14–15)
25:
2980:Taxa named by Palisot de Beauvois
2313:Philadelphia Med. and Phys. Jour.
1938:Florida Museum of Natural History
1712:"Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake"
1347:, p. 439, Figure 199 + Plate 46).
1220:. Guinness Superlatives. p.
491:in males/females and 27–33/20–26
456:and the shorter but even bulkier
1987:Timmerman WW, Martin WH (2003).
1813:https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1291
503:. There are 10–21 scales in the
424:. No subspecies are recognized.
104:
35:Eastern diamondback rattlesnake
2659:Biology Dept., Davidson College
2655:Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake
2631:Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake
2398:New England Journal of Medicine
2214:New England Journal of Medicine
1934:Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake
681:Eastern diamondback rattlesnake
649:and coastal maritime hammocks,
381:eastern diamondback rattlesnake
2955:NatureServe vulnerable species
2448:Reptile and Amphibian Magazine
2095:Campbell JA, Lamar WW (2004).
1760:Docket No. FWS–R4–ES–2012–0006
1640:Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu
1558:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2006.05.003
1359:Reptile and Amphibian Magazine
1158:Poisonous Snakes: A First Book
669:during the summer and winter.
511:region and 5–11 (usually 7–8)
332:Crotalus adamanteus adamanteus
1:
2625:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
2541:Schmidt KP, Davis DD (1941).
2478:Annual Review of Pharmacology
2265:Annual Review of Pharmacology
1676:. Accessed 13 September 2007.
1434:Poisonous Snakes of the World
864:values of 1.3–2.4 mg/kg
2627:. Accessed 12 December 2007.
535:, and 15–21 (usually 17–18)
487:at midbody, 165–176/170–187
412:. It is one of the heaviest
2410:10.1056/nejm197503062921004
2394:Crotalus horridus horridus
2226:10.1056/nejm197503062921004
1975:https://doi.org/10.1670/14-
1773:. (unpublished manuscript).
1432:United States Navy (1991).
3001:
2975:Reptiles described in 1799
2210:Crotalus horridus horridus
1546:Journal of Thermal Biology
598:Charleston, South Carolina
562:Southeastern United States
410:Southeastern United States
697:and the mainland off the
515:. Usually, there are two
258:Palisot de Beauvois, 1799
250:
243:
234:
216:
209:
101:Scientific classification
99:
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2686:. Accessed 2 March 2007.
2674:. Accessed 2 March 2007.
2661:. Accessed 2 March 2007.
2651:. Accessed 2 March 2007.
2607:, pp. 11–112, 156).
2515:Palisot de Beauvois AMFJ
2168:10.1186/1471-2164-13-312
994:Hammerson, G.A. (2007).
2970:Snakes of North America
2555:, Brodie ED Jr (1982).
1940:. Accessed 2 July 2008.
945:and containing a large
872:and 14.5–10 mg/kg
513:intersupraocular scales
2684:Munich AntiVenom INdex
1701:, pp. 66-67, 115-116).
934:C. durrisus terrificus
823:
803:
682:
474:St. Augustine, Florida
448:
440:
2909:Paleobiology Database
2642:Yale Herpetology Page
2434:Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris
1771:Diamonds in the Rough
1653:Mausteller E (2020).
1214:Wood, Gerald (1983).
1041:"Crotalus adamanteus"
1012:: e.T64308A12762249.
868:, 1.7–3.0 mg/kg
818:
790:
680:
446:
435:
2579:, pp. 202–203).
2549:, pp. 297–298).
2324:, Bridges W (1939).
1831:Mehrtens JM (1987).
1493:, Wright AA (1957).
1188:Crotalus adamanteus
903:, the production of
285:Crotalus rhombiferus
2748:Crotalus_adamanteus
2734:Crotalus adamanteus
2704:Crotalus adamanteus
2679:Crotalus adamanteus
2667:Crotalus adamanteus
2620:Crotalus adamanteus
2605:Crotalus adamanteus
2599:, Smith HM (1956).
2577:Crotalus adamanteus
2547:Crotalus adamanteus
2526:Crotalus adamanteus
2468:Klauber LM (1972).
2386:Crotalus adamanteus
2330:Crotalus adamanteus
1857:Crotalus adamanteus
1792:Herpetology Program
1786:Crotalus adamanteus
1699:Crotalus adamanteus
1589:10.1643/CP-03-074R1
1573:Crotalus adamanteus
1542:Crotalus adamanteus
1386:, Lamar WW (2004).
1345:Crotalus adamanteus
1306:Ditmars RL (1936).
1291:Klauber LM (1972).
1155:Fichter GS (1982).
998:Crotalus adamanteus
604:Conservation status
476:in September 2009.
386:Crotalus adamanteus
362:Crotalus adamanteus
298:Crotalus adamanteus
254:Crotalus adamanteus
227:Palisot de Beauvois
220:Crotalus adamanteus
51:Conservation status
18:Eastern diamondback
2647:2007-09-28 at the
2636:2007-09-28 at the
2017:, King FW (1979).
1876:10.7717/peerj.3249
1161:. Franklin Watts.
1077:, Touré T (1999).
824:
804:
683:
564:from southeastern
529:supralabial scales
449:
441:
353:Crotalus giganteus
263:Crotalus rhombifer
202:C. adamanteus
2937:
2936:
2896:Open Tree of Life
2696:Taxon identifiers
2134:978-0-398-02808-4
2116:Brown JH (1973).
2105:978-0-8014-4141-7
2035:978-0-394-50824-5
1998:978-0-916984-63-2
1769:Means DB (2011).
1695:978-0-9754641-3-7
1456:Conant R (1975).
1341:978-0-544-12997-9
1231:978-0-85112-235-9
947:phosphodiesterase
501:internasal scales
404:. The species is
377:
376:
94:
74:
16:(Redirected from
2992:
2930:
2929:
2917:
2916:
2904:
2903:
2891:
2890:
2878:
2877:
2865:
2864:
2852:
2851:
2839:
2838:
2826:
2825:
2813:
2812:
2800:
2799:
2787:
2786:
2774:
2773:
2764:
2763:
2751:
2750:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2691:
2672:SREL Herpetology
2501:
2455:
2441:
2421:
2348:Cope ED (1875).
2289:
2288:
2260:
2254:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2188:
2170:
2146:
2137:
2114:
2108:
2086:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2044:
2038:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1984:
1978:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1947:
1941:
1931:
1925:
1910:
1899:
1898:
1888:
1878:
1850:
1844:
1829:
1816:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1780:
1774:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1741:Srelherp.uga.edu
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1708:
1702:
1683:
1677:
1667:
1661:
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1650:
1644:
1643:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1608:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1518:. Archived from
1512:
1506:
1488:
1477:
1454:
1445:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1380:
1367:
1366:
1354:
1348:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1269:. Archived from
1263:
1257:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1182:
1173:
1172:
1152:
1143:
1142:
1121:
1098:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1021:
991:
915:(see article on
856:
855:
851:
795:science center,
667:gopher tortoises
584:to southeastern
556:Geographic range
537:sublabial scales
493:subcaudal scales
447:Detail of rattle
420:and the largest
371:
358:
357:Brattstrom, 1954
349:
337:
328:
311:
294:
281:
259:
239:
222:
109:
108:
88:
85:
84:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
21:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2925:
2920:
2912:
2907:
2899:
2894:
2886:
2883:Observation.org
2881:
2873:
2868:
2860:
2855:
2847:
2842:
2834:
2829:
2821:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2795:
2790:
2782:
2777:
2769:
2767:
2759:
2754:
2746:
2741:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2698:
2649:Wayback Machine
2638:Wayback Machine
2615:
2610:
2528:, new species).
2475:
2445:
2424:
2404:(10): 505–507.
2391:
2297:
2295:Further reading
2292:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2245:
2241:
2220:(10): 505–507.
2207:
2206:
2202:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2115:
2111:
2087:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1967:
1950:Kain P (1995).
1949:
1948:
1944:
1932:
1928:
1911:
1902:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1830:
1819:
1810:
1806:
1797:
1795:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
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1709:
1705:
1684:
1680:
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1664:
1652:
1651:
1647:
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1629:
1620:
1618:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1539:
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1534:
1525:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1489:
1480:
1455:
1448:
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1427:
1417:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1382:
1381:
1370:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1276:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1123:
1122:
1101:
1069:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
993:
992:
985:
981:
929:cardiac failure
913:red blood cells
862:
853:
849:
848:
813:
782:
761:
721:
695:barrier islands
675:
636:
606:
558:
549:
438:Saint Louis Zoo
430:
414:venomous snakes
365:
364:
356:
355:
344:
343:
335:
334:
322:
321:
305:
304:
288:
287:
266:
265:
257:
256:
230:
224:
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205:
103:
95:
86:
82:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2998:
2996:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2942:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2918:
2905:
2892:
2879:
2866:
2853:
2840:
2827:
2814:
2801:
2788:
2775:
2765:
2752:
2739:
2724:
2708:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2675:
2662:
2652:
2628:
2614:
2613:External links
2611:
2609:
2608:
2594:
2580:
2575:(paperback). (
2550:
2539:
2529:
2512:
2509:Venom diseases
2502:
2473:
2466:
2456:
2443:
2422:
2389:
2363:
2353:
2346:
2333:
2319:
2309:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2255:
2251:Venom diseases
2239:
2200:
2138:
2109:
2074:
2064:
2052:Toxinology.com
2039:
2004:
1997:
1979:
1965:
1942:
1926:
1900:
1845:
1817:
1804:
1775:
1762:
1753:
1728:
1703:
1678:
1662:
1645:
1627:
1594:
1583:(1): 145–151.
1563:
1552:(6): 501–505.
1532:
1507:
1478:
1446:
1425:
1403:
1396:
1368:
1349:
1313:
1298:
1283:
1258:
1237:
1230:
1206:
1174:
1167:
1144:
1137:
1099:
1060:
1032:
982:
980:
977:
860:
828:venomous snake
821:Louisville, KY
812:
809:
781:
778:
760:
757:
745:bobwhite quail
720:
717:
703:Gulf of Mexico
701:coast, in the
674:
671:
635:
632:
605:
602:
566:North Carolina
557:
554:
548:
545:
489:ventral scales
429:
426:
375:
374:
373:
372:
359:
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338:
329:
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295:
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2602:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2573:0-307-13666-3
2570:
2567:(hardcover),
2566:
2565:0-307-47009-1
2562:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:: 362-381 . (
2523:
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2510:
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2503:
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2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
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2390:
2387:
2383:
2382:0-7167-0020-4
2379:
2375:
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2174:
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2164:
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2152:
2145:
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2135:
2131:
2127:
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2110:
2106:
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2098:
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2085:
2083:
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2079:
2075:
2068:
2065:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1922:0-89317-033-X
1919:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1841:0-8069-6460-X
1838:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1793:
1789:
1788:) - Venomous"
1787:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1718:on 2019-07-08
1717:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1674:IUCN Red List
1671:
1666:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1649:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1616:
1612:
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1582:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1533:
1522:on 2013-06-23
1521:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1503:0-8014-0463-0
1500:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1474:0-395-19977-8
1471:
1467:
1466:0-395-19979-4
1463:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:0-486-26629-X
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1397:0-8014-4141-2
1393:
1389:
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1317:
1314:
1309:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1273:on 2014-10-06
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1254:0-89464-877-2
1251:
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1219:
1218:
1210:
1207:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1168:0-531-04349-5
1164:
1160:
1159:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:0-520-21056-5
1134:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
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1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:1-893777-01-4
1092:
1088:
1087:1-893777-00-6
1084:
1080:
1076:
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1067:
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894:
890:
886:
882:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
844:
841:
837:
833:
832:North America
829:
822:
817:
810:
808:
802:
798:
794:
789:
785:
779:
777:
773:
770:
766:
765:ovoviviparous
758:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
737:
730:
728:
727:
718:
716:
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652:
651:longleaf pine
648:
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611:
610:IUCN Red List
603:
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595:
591:
590:type locality
587:
583:
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517:loreal scales
514:
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497:rostral scale
494:
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485:dorsal scales
481:
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469:E. Ross Allen
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67:
66:Least Concern
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33:
30:
19:
2703:
2678:
2666:
2619:
2604:
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2590:
2587:Latreille PA
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2158:
2155:BMC Genomics
2154:
2117:
2112:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2067:
2055:. Retrieved
2051:
2042:
2018:
1988:
1982:
1968:
1951:
1945:
1929:
1913:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1848:
1832:
1807:
1796:. Retrieved
1791:
1785:
1778:
1770:
1765:
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1740:
1731:
1720:. Retrieved
1716:the original
1706:
1698:
1686:
1681:
1665:
1655:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1619:. Retrieved
1617:(2): 132–141
1614:
1610:
1597:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1566:
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1545:
1541:
1535:
1524:. Retrieved
1520:the original
1510:
1494:
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1433:
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1406:
1387:
1362:
1358:
1352:
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1332:
1316:
1307:
1301:
1292:
1286:
1275:. Retrieved
1271:the original
1261:
1245:
1240:
1216:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1187:
1157:
1128:
1078:
1071:McDiarmid RW
1051:. Retrieved
1044:
1035:
1023:. Retrieved
1009:
1003:
997:
963:
959:
932:
878:
847:17 mm (
845:
825:
805:
783:
774:
762:
759:Reproduction
734:
731:
724:
722:
714:
711:
707:
692:
688:
684:
659:salt marshes
637:
628:
621:
614:
607:
574:Florida Keys
559:
550:
547:Common names
541:
482:
478:
462:
458:Gaboon viper
450:
385:
384:
380:
378:
361:
352:
340:
336:— Cope, 1875
331:
318:
314:
301:
297:
284:
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253:
219:
217:
201:
200:
188:
29:
2857:NatureServe
2805:iNaturalist
2728:Wikispecies
2484:: 265–286.
2440:: 148–157 .
2368:, Goin OB,
2345:: 300-314 .
2271:: 265–286.
1384:Campbell JA
1199:28 November
1075:Campbell JA
1046:NatureServe
1025:19 November
955:hypotension
943:proteolytic
939:necrotizing
921:hemorrhagic
897:endothelial
893:plasminogen
753:wild turkey
592:, although
582:Mississippi
428:Description
422:rattlesnake
91:NatureServe
87:Vulnerable
2944:Categories
2927:adamanteus
2665:Images of
2583:Sonnini CS
2532:Schmidt KP
2459:Klauber LM
2356:Ditmars RL
2161:(1): 312.
1954:(Thesis).
1798:2024-04-20
1722:2022-03-19
1621:2022-03-19
1526:2012-04-02
1329:Collins JT
1277:2022-02-07
1125:Klauber LM
1089:(series).
979:References
951:bradykinin
889:fibrinogen
797:Gothenburg
793:Universeum
751:, a young
736:Sylvilagus
655:turkey oak
521:preoculars
509:prefrontal
505:internasal
454:king cobra
346:Brattstrom
302:adamanteus
164:Suborder:
2505:Minton SA
2428:(1858). "
2308:: 31-46 .
2247:Minton SA
2177:1471-2164
2015:Behler JL
1960:753546640
1869:: e3249.
1659:(Thesis).
1491:Wright AH
1127:(1997) .
1097:(volume).
941:, mildly
909:hemolysis
901:platelets
780:Captivity
749:king rail
647:sandhills
643:flatwoods
617:Louisiana
600:" (USA).
586:Louisiana
525:postnasal
402:Viperidae
395:pit viper
319:adamantea
278:Latreille
268:Latreille
196:Species:
178:Viperidae
168:Serpentes
124:Kingdom:
118:Eukaryota
2960:Crotalus
2862:2.101938
2823:10360663
2713:Wikidata
2645:Archived
2634:Archived
2589:(1801).
2553:Smith HM
2534:(1953).
2507:(1974).
2461:(1956).
2454:: 22–27.
2372:(1978).
2358:(1936).
2322:Conant R
2249:(1974).
2195:23025625
2057:19 March
2027:79--2217
1956:ProQuest
1895:28462047
1746:19 March
1365:: 22–27.
1331:(2016).
1325:Conant R
1321:Powell R
1053:17 April
1048:Explorer
881:thrombin
726:Oryzomys
673:Behavior
640:palmetto
533:prenasal
523:and the
519:between
418:Americas
291:Brickell
245:Synonyms
189:Crotalus
174:Family:
158:Squamata
148:Reptilia
138:Chordata
134:Phylum:
128:Animalia
114:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2797:2444432
2719:Q744532
2623:at the
2498:4339019
2418:1167934
2366:Goin CJ
2336:Cope ED
2318:: 164 .
2285:4339019
2234:1167934
2186:3472243
2126:73--229
1886:5410154
1672:at the
1418:July 2,
925:peptide
852:⁄
791:In the
741:towhees
719:Feeding
699:Georgia
663:gophers
634:Habitat
594:Schmidt
578:Alabama
572:to the
570:Florida
465:Klauber
416:in the
408:to the
406:endemic
397:in the
391:species
389:) is a
368:Klauber
274:Sonnini
184:Genus:
154:Order:
144:Class:
89: (
69: (
2914:291372
2836:174309
2784:795271
2768:ECOS:
2597:Zim HS
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2370:Zug GR
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1958:
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1577:Copeia
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1165:
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971:, and
969:Anavip
965:CroFab
905:fibrin
885:enzyme
883:-like
840:Wright
836:Wright
801:Sweden
769:broods
399:family
370:, 1956
348:, 1954
327:, 1867
310:, 1858
293:, 1805
280:, 1801
276:&
229:, 1799
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2888:98397
2849:64308
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2072:2024.
1863:PeerJ
1607:(PDF)
1476:(pb).
973:Wyeth
895:from
811:Venom
300:var.
2875:8729
2870:NCBI
2844:IUCN
2831:ITIS
2792:GBIF
2771:9195
2569:ISBN
2561:ISBN
2494:PMID
2414:PMID
2378:ISBN
2281:PMID
2230:PMID
2191:PMID
2173:ISSN
2130:ISBN
2122:LCCN
2101:ISBN
2059:2022
2031:ISBN
2023:LCCN
1993:ISBN
1977:031.
1918:ISBN
1891:PMID
1837:ISBN
1748:2022
1691:ISBN
1581:2004
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1499:ISBN
1470:ISBN
1462:ISBN
1438:ISBN
1420:2011
1392:ISBN
1337:ISBN
1250:ISBN
1226:ISBN
1201:2006
1163:ISBN
1133:ISBN
1091:ISBN
1083:ISBN
1055:2024
1027:2021
1010:2007
917:MAHA
838:and
743:and
665:and
580:and
379:The
325:Cope
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