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452:. Furthermore, they usually roost together in flocks during both breeding and non-breeding seasons. Males develop the ability to mimic songs of their host. Studies showed that female whydahs respond more strongly to songs mimicked by males of their own species than they do to closely related species. Females use this mimicry to eliminate among potential mates and prefer those raised by the same host species. Researchers discovered that hybridization can occur when female whydahs do not choose mates based on their song mimicry but instead on male traits such as plumage and flight displays if it is more important to them than song, or is restricted by the availability of males singing the appropriate host songs or if males is involved with unsolicited copulation with females of other parasitic species. Researchers discovered that these paradise whydahs mimic the songs of Melba Finch.
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grams. Female whydahs tend to have a grey bill and feathers that are greyish-brown with blackish streaks along with their under tail feather being more white. Similarly, males during the non-breeding season tend to have mostly browner plumage with black stripes on the crown, black parts along the face, and deeper brown color for the chest and creamer color for the abdomen
However, breeding males have black heads and back, the rusty colored breast, a bright yellow nape, and white abdomen with broad, elongated black tail feathers that can grow up to 36 centimeters or more.
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Males are able to mimic songs where females can use that to discover their mate. However, there are some cases where females don't use songs to choose their mate but they use either male characteristics like plumages or they can have a shortage of options with song mimicry. Paradise whydahs are brood parasites. They won't destroy the eggs that are originally there but will lay their own eggs in other songbirds nest. Overall, these whydahs are considered least concerned based on the IUCN Red List of threatened species.
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which in translation meant “a tail of two long plumes like those of a rooster”. Ligozzi, a chief botanical painter of the Medici aviaries, illustrated a painting of the common fig where people later identified that the two birds in the painting were actually the paradise whydah and the indigobird.
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where they have one distinctive feature which is their long tail. It can grow up to three times longer than its own body or even more. Usually, the whydahs look like ordinary sparrows with short tails during the non-breeding season. In addition, hybridization can occur with these paradise whydahs.
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Viduidae species differ from one another in size, in breeding plumage and color, and in the songs used for mating. These long-tailed paradise whydahs are hard to distinguish between males and females. Usually these paradise whydah finches grow to about 13 centimeters in length and weigh about 21
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Additionally, these paradise whydahs are granivorous where they feed on small seed that ripen and fall on the ground. For foraging, these finches use something called “double scratch” where they utilize both of their feet almost simultaneously scratching the ground to find seeds in dust and hop
489:, these paradise whydahs feed on small seeds of cultivated fonio which is known as “acha” or “hungry rice” before they can be harvested and that also happens to be the first food source available to the human inhabitants after the season of rains.
287:. They are mostly granivorous and feed on seeds that have ripen and fall on the ground. The ability to distinguish between males and females is quite difficult unless it is breeding season. During this time, the males molt into breeding
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backwards to pick up the seed. Another technique they use is their tongue. They would dehusks grass seeds with their bill rolling the seeds with their tongue one at a time back and forth against the ridge of the palate.
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which are different from the weavers. Indigobirds are also part of the family
Viduidae. The long-tailed whydah's relationship with the indigobirds are not very well-known. The indigobirds are more closely related to the
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The long-tailed paradise whydahs are found in grassland, savanna and open woodland where they live in bushed grassland around cultivation. Majority of the time, these whydahs stay away from surface waters.
736:
Payne, Robert B.; Payne, Laura L.; Woods, Jean L.; Sorenson, Michael D. (January 2000). "Imprinting and the origin of parasite–host species associations in brood-parasitic indigobirds, Vidua chalybeata".
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The long-tailed paradise whydahs are brood-parasitic birds along with the rest of the species in the family
Viduidae. Primary host species include the Viduidae and the
849:
Payne, Robert B.; Sorenson, Michael D. (2004). "Behavioral and
Genetic Identification of a Hybrid Vidua: Maternal Origin and Mate Choice in a Brood-Parasitic Finch".
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Payne, R.B. (November 1973). "Vocal mimicry of the paraside whydahs (Vidua) and response of female whydahs to the songs of their hosts (Pytilia) and their mimics".
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Oakes, Edward J.; Barnard, Phoebe (October 1994). "Fluctuating asymmetry and mate choice in paradise whydahs, Vidua paradisaea: an experimental manipulation".
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PAYNE, ROBERT B; PAYNE, LAURA L; WOODS, JEAN L (June 1998). "Song learning in brood-parasitic indigobirdsVidua chalybeata: song mimicry of the host species".
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Le Règne animal distribué d'après son organisation : pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparée
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Whydahs in general are known to be kept as cage birds for their song and colorful breeding plumage for many years. In 1581, a renaissance scholar named
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915:
Payne, Robert B. (January 1973). "Behavior, Mimetic Songs and Song
Dialects, and Relationships of the Parasitic Indigobirds (Vidua) of Africa".
645:""Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 15. Weavers to New World Warblers" edited by Josep del Hoyo et al. 2008. [book review]"
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Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
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Barnard, Phoebe (April 1990). "Male tail length, sexual display intensity and female sexual response in a parasitic
African finch".
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345:, also known as the waxbills. They diverged about 20 million years ago. Most have included Viduidae within Estrilididae or
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Other than the beauty, the paradise whydahs can be a nuisance especially for farmers. For instance, in the highlands of
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visited
Florence where he was able to see these paradise whydahs in the Medici aviaries. He described them with
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Widespread throughout its large range, the long-tailed paradise whydah is evaluated as Least
Concern on the
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Grant, Peter R.; Grant, B. Rosemary (January 1997). "Hybridization, Sexual
Imprinting, and Mate Choice".
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relationship where researchers analyzed mitochondrial restriction sites and nucleotide sequences.
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573:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 178.
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have been switched around between the two families and have not been linked with
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689:"Nomenclature and Systematic Position of the Paradise Whydahs"
593:(in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Déterville. pp. 388–389.
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Long-tailed paradise whydah foraging for seeds on the ground
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10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0156:bagioa]2.0.co;2
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la cue deus longues plumes comme celles d’un chapon
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448:where they would lay their eggs in nests of other
444:The long-tailed paradise whydah are known to be
349:(weavers) in a subfamily of its own. Similarly,
894:Behavior and Songs of Hybrid Parasitic Finches
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687:Chapin, James P. (October 1929).
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649:The Canadian Field-Naturalist
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1754:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1744:Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa
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325:. It is now placed in the
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296:Taxonomy and systematics
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1749:Birds described in 1758
1358:Sahel paradise whydah (
1286:Quailfinch indigobird (
1042:The American Naturalist
501:of Threatened Species.
267:eastern paradise whydah
18:Eastern paradise whydah
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468:Relationship to humans
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1313:Pin-tailed whydah (
1232:Purple indigobird (
474:Michel de Montaigne
374:straw-tailed whydah
323:Emberiza paradisaea
253:Linnaeus, 1758
250:Emberiza paradisaea
63:Conservation status
51:Chobe National Park
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1602:iNaturalist
1460:Wikispecies
1409:A. imberbis
1333:V. fischeri
1315:V. macroura
1288:V. nigeriae
1243:V. raricola
1048:(1): 1–28.
549:11 November
384:Description
343:Estrildidae
1728:Categories
1706:Xeno-canto
1279:V. wilsoni
1261:V. funerea
857:(1): 156.
505:References
361:pterylosis
318:under the
1387:V. obtusa
1297:V. maryae
1183:Kingdom:
1105:0003-3472
1062:0003-0147
1019:0003-3472
984:0003-3472
933:0078-6594
902:869799441
871:0004-8038
813:0003-3472
759:0003-3472
715:0004-8038
671:0008-3550
655:(1): 83.
450:songbirds
347:Ploceidae
338:in 1816.
178:Species:
116:Kingdom:
110:Eukaryota
1646:22720012
1620:10913736
1555:45515054
1506:22720012
1501:BirdLife
1445:Wikidata
1342:V. regia
1191:Chordata
1189:Phylum:
1185:Animalia
1172:Viduidae
1113:54339389
1070:83665115
1027:53195903
949:84118406
941:40166751
879:84524204
829:17693319
775:22363915
767:10640368
587:(1816).
567:(1758).
277:Viduidae
242:Synonyms
210:Linnaeus
160:Viduidae
156:Family:
130:Chordata
126:Phylum:
120:Animalia
106:Domain:
83:IUCN 3.1
55:Botswana
1581:2484626
1542:eapwhy1
1516:eapwhy1
1488:Avibase
1451:Q956176
1201:Order:
1195:Class:
851:The Auk
821:9641999
723:4076183
693:The Auk
312:of his
289:plumage
166:Genus:
146:Order:
136:Class:
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1698:507127
1633:563672
1607:204449
1563:EURING
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493:Status
483:Guinea
425:Female
49:Male,
1739:Vidua
1685:78238
1672:37614
1615:IRMNG
1568:35520
1537:eBird
1529:5BDB6
1513:BOW:
1214:Vidua
1109:S2CID
1066:S2CID
1023:S2CID
945:S2CID
937:JSTOR
875:S2CID
825:S2CID
771:S2CID
719:JSTOR
369:Vidua
357:Vidua
331:Vidua
327:genus
171:Vidua
1667:NCBI
1641:IUCN
1628:ITIS
1576:GBIF
1197:Aves
1101:ISSN
1058:ISSN
1015:ISSN
980:ISSN
929:ISSN
898:OCLC
867:ISSN
817:PMID
809:ISSN
763:PMID
755:ISSN
711:ISSN
667:ISSN
551:2021
534:2018
485:and
367:and
261:The
214:1758
140:Aves
1654:NBN
1589:IBC
1550:EoL
1524:CoL
1475:ADW
1093:doi
1050:doi
1046:149
1007:doi
972:doi
921:doi
859:doi
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