46:
726:
923:, whom he had met in July 1924 at a British Empire Students Conference and now put him in touch with contacts in Australia, New Zealand and Canada. In Vancouver in June 1927, he learned of a vacancy for the safe Conservative seat of Saffron Walden, and returned from Quebec by sea on 31 August 1927. Courtauld connections arranged for him to be selected unopposed as the Conservative candidate on 26 November 1927. Butler toured local villages and showed films of his Empire tours.
916:, Butler attributed his political gifts to his grandmother Mary Kendall of Pelyn, Lostwithiel, Cornwall. He wrote a lengthy paragraph on the Kendall family, which had served in Parliament since 1368 and had been active in politics for many generations. It has been remarked of his family that it has perhaps sent more members to the British Parliament than any other in the United Kingdom.
796:
During his fourth year at
Cambridge (1924–1925), he concentrated on study, reading for Part II in History and International Law. He used notes which his uncle Geoffrey had prepared for a planned book on International Law. He later recorded that in his International Law exam, he had been dissatisfied
747:
Butler suffered a nervous breakdown that summer and had to postpone his plans to study
History to a fourth year. He took a less strenuous course in German in the meantime. He spent part of the summer of 1923 abroad learning German, became unusually fluent in the language and impressed his hosts with
989:
Howard quotes a letter from his father, who was openly disappointed and is clear that Butler was awarded his BA that summer despite his being about to stay on for a further year of undergraduate study (a student at
Cambridge normally needs to pass a Part I and a Part II, not necessarily in the same
743:
by the end of his first year. At the end of his second year, he was elected
Secretary for Michaelmas (autumn) term 1923 at his second attempt, by the narrow margin of 10 votes out of 500. At that time, Secretary was the only office normally contested, which put him on track to be Vice-President for
946:
His limp handshake, lack of military experience and his stooping donnish manner (in an era when many politicians were former officers) were political handicaps in later life. Howard (p. 7) states that it made "any form of military service out of the question", a line followed by many biographers.
759:
of which he became a vice-president. Psychiatric illness was then still little understood. In
November 1923, his college put him in the care of a doctor, and in December 1923, his uncle Cyril sent him to a specialist in Bristol. Butler made a recovery from his breakdown. On 11 March 1924, after
696:
As a child of Empire, from his mid-teens onwards, Butler was expected to look after his younger siblings by arranging for them to stay with relatives during school holidays and by sending them
Christmas presents, which he pretended had been sent by their parents. His sister was the writer
744:
Lent 1924 and
President for Easter (summer) term 1924. At the end of his second year, in June 1923, he achieved a First in French Part I and was awarded an £80 scholarship to supplement his £300 parental allowance (approximately £4,000 and £15,000 at 2014 prices).
772:, at the Change of Officers Debate to oppose the motion that "This House has the Highest Regard for Rhetoric". The following morning, Rab had to escort Baldwin back to the railway station, where, according to one version of the story, Baldwin bought him a copy of
654:
In July 1909, at the age of six, his right arm was broken in three places in a riding accident. The injury was aggravated by a burn from a hot water bottle and an attempt to straighten the arm by hanging weights from it, which left his hand not fully functional.
801:
special subject and at one point knew by name the way that every
Conservative MP voted during the split over the Irish Coercion Bill of 1846. He received one of the highest firsts in the university across all subjects, which was known at the time as a "I:I".
829:
and the heiress to part of the
Courtauld textile fortune. His father-in-law awarded him a private income of £5,000 a year after tax for life, the equivalent of a Cabinet Minister's salary and equivalent to almost £260,000 at 2014 prices.
689:. He returned briefly to England to sit the exams for Pembroke College, Cambridge, where in June 1921, he won an exhibition worth £20 per annum (around £1,000 at 2014 prices), and he then returned to France to tutor the son of
904:, for a sum between £300,000 and £750,000 (Howard gives the figure as "more than £500,000"). He recorded that the Royal Family had driven a hard bargain but joked in public that he was "glad it was going to a good family".
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In summer 1926, Butler resigned his residential
Cambridge fellowship to go on a honeymoon tour of the world and became instead a supernumerary fellow. He renewed his contact with
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739:, starting in October 1921 and initially read Medieval and Modern Languages. He soon became active in student politics and was elected to the Committee of the
267:
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subject, to obtain a BA). Jago (2015, p.30) states that his third year counted only as "General Studies" but that he needed a fourth year to obtain Honours.
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with an admonition not to take life too seriously. At the end of his third year (1924), he received a Second in German. He graduated as a BA in 1924.
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285:
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In the summer of 1924, Butler took part in the ESU USA Tour, a seven-week debating tour of Canada and the United States that was organised by the
889:
After the death of his wife from cancer in 1954, Butler married Mollie Courtauld (née Montgomerie) on 21 October 1959. She had been married to
1602:
503:
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After graduating, he taught briefly as a Cambridge don and married into the wealthy Courtauld family. Butler was elected to Parliament for
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with his essays, and at half time, he tore up his answers and wrote six fresh ones on six sheets of foolscap. In History, he took the
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1003:'s first Labour Government had formally recognised the Soviet Union, which was then an international pariah state, in February. The
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Baldwin's career at Harrow and Trinity, Cambridge, had suffered from a poor relationship with one of Butler's relatives,
647:, Butler's uncle and a particular early influence on him. Butler's father was a Fellow, and in later life the Master, of
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681:. He left Marlborough at the end of 1920, a week after his 18th birthday, and spent five months in France with a
1024:
Although backbench MPs were then paid less than today in real terms, Cabinet ministers were paid more than now.
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and, after initially reading French and German, graduated with an outstanding first-class degree in History.
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and passed at the top of his year in Corps Certificate A (Jago 2015, p.10) and was a competent recreational
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academics. As a child, his right hand was permanently disabled in a riding accident. He was educated at
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his near-native syntax. He also came to feel that the Germans had been harshly treated by the recent
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1750:– A charity set up, in memory of Butler, to promote and encourage positive regimes in UK prisons.
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Anglo-Soviet relations were extremely topical throughout the 1920s, especially that year.
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In Michaelmas 1923, as Secretary, he persuaded the Cambridge Union to affiliate to the
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Butler married Sydney Elizabeth Courtauld on 20 April 1926. She was the daughter of
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701:(1905–2002), who became Iris Portal upon her marriage, and her elder daughter was
1728:
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798:
673:, where many of his family had been educated. He failed to win a scholarship to
597:
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from Samuel Courtauld in 1949. In 1976, it was sold to the Queen as a home for
980:) had agreed to speak in favour of the motion but had not been able to attend.
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and his wife, Anne Gertrude (née Smith). Butler's mother was the daughter of
1737:
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In September 1914 Butler attended, and remembered for the rest of his life,
1495:
http://acollins.customer.netspace.net.au/Kendall%20Butler%20Connections.htm
837:, which remained as Butler's London base throughout his career. During the
619:
Butler's paternal family had a long and distinguished association with the
584:
and held the seat until his retirement from the House of Commons in 1965.
613:
1718:
947:
However, despite his partial disability, Butler trained in his school
593:
833:
The Butlers lived at Stanstead Hall, and in 1938, they moved into 3
669:
Butler attended Brockhurst preparatory school but refused to attend
724:
713:. Butler's younger brother, Jock, a Home Office civil servant and
1011:
was a major issue in the Conservatives' landslide victory at the
1007:
began that summer and caused the fall of the government, and the
1706:
Richard Austen Butler – Personal Facts and Details stanford.edu
693:. His plan at that stage was to enter the Diplomatic Service.
793:
personal liberty and closer relations with the Soviet Union.
955:. He attempted to register for military service in May 1941.
841:, Butler was bombed out of Smith Square and stayed with his
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542:(9 December 1902 – 8 March 1982), generally known as
1743:
R.A. Butler papers in the Conservative Party Archive
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and retained the seat until his retirement in 1965.
612:, who was Principal of the Doveton Boys College in
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1614:Rab Butler: The Best Prime Minister We Never Had?
1322:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 9
569:and at Cambridge, where he was president of the
893:(Sydney's cousin), who had died in March 1959.
717:, was killed in a plane crash in January 1943.
627:. Especially notable were Butler's grand-uncle
1519:. John Bowyer Nichols & Sons. p. 37.
1324:. Oxford University Press. 2004. p. 199.
8:
1188:"Compute the Relative Value of a U.K. Pound"
972:(then out of Parliament and an independent "
871:National Farmers' Union of England and Wales
623:, which dated back to his great-grandfather
1631:Gilmour, Ian (2004). Matthew, Colin (ed.).
764:of the Cambridge Union, he entertained the
813:. He gave lectures on the politics of the
662:'s famous speech in support of the war at
546:and familiarly known from his initials as
252:
44:
23:
1724:contributions in Parliament by Rab Butler
703:Jane Williams, Baroness Williams of Elvel
643:, a Cambridge historian and Conservative
1638:. Vol. 9. Oxford University Press.
869:(1929–2012), president (1979–86) of the
447:29 September 1932 – 28 May 1937
282:25 February 1938 – 20 July 1941
1036:
939:
879:(1931–2008), who was also a politician;
381:28 May 1937 – 25 February 1938
207:30 May 1929 – 19 February 1965
789:. They debated two motions: democracy
161:
7:
1133:from the original on 16 January 2018
882:Samuel James Butler (1936–2015); and
1636:in Dictionary of National Biography
1516:The Noble and Gentle Men of England
1769:20th century in the United Kingdom
1493:Kendall & Butler Connections.
1436:from the original on 30 March 2018
978:1924 Westminster Abbey by-election
805:After graduating, Butler became a
435:Under Secretary of State for India
14:
1523:from the original on 27 June 2014
1055:from the original on 22 June 2018
811:Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
592:Butler was born in Attock Khurd,
1684:. London: Hodder And Stoughton.
1444:– via www.telegraph.co.uk.
885:Sarah Teresa Butler (born 1944).
855:The Butlers had four children:
843:Parliamentary Private Secretary
157:
1513:Evelyn Philip Shirley (1866).
367:Parliamentary Secretary to the
1:
1595:RAB: The Life of R. A. Butler
561:to a family of distinguished
164:; died 1954)
1738:Saffron Walden Conservatives
976:" candidate in the 19 March
602:Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler
268:Under Secretary of State for
176:Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler
81: (now Attock, Pakistan)
1664:. London: Hamish Hamilton.
737:Pembroke College, Cambridge
730:Pembroke College, Cambridge
126:Pembroke College, Cambridge
1785:
1733:Trinity College, Cambridge
926:Butler was elected in the
757:National Union of Students
550:, was a prominent British
147:Sydney Elizabeth Courtauld
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1764:Early lives by politician
1466:Howard 1987, pp. 356–357.
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1239:Howard 1987, pp. 16, 19.
1123:"Too Obviously Cleverer"
766:Leader of the Opposition
711:Archbishop of Canterbury
1711:24 October 2012 at the
1662:The Art of the Possible
1616:. Biteback Publishing.
1410:Howard 1987, pp. 30–31.
914:The Art of the Possible
821:Private and family life
741:Cambridge Union Society
621:University of Cambridge
571:Cambridge Union Society
504:The Marquess of Lothian
489:The Marquess of Zetland
1634:R.A Butler (1902–1982)
1612:Jago, Michael (2015).
1127:London Review of Books
912:In his autobiography,
908:Early political career
896:The Butlers inherited
859:Sir Richard C. Butler
787:English-Speaking Union
732:
348:The Viscount Cranborne
1729:The Master of Trinity
1454:Matthew 2004, p. 204.
1419:Matthew 2004, p. 200.
1103:Matthew 2004, p. 199.
928:1929 general election
877:Adam Courtauld Butler
846:Henry "Chips" Channon
815:French Third Republic
728:
645:MP for the university
582:1929 general election
540:Richard Austen Butler
284:Serving with
60:Richard Austen Butler
1680:Butler, Rab (1982).
1660:Butler, Rab (1971).
1577:Gilmour 2004, p. 200
1500:4 March 2016 at the
1475:Jago 2015, pp. 420–1
1430:"Sir Richard Butler"
1230:Howard 1987, p. 132.
1129:. 8 September 2011.
966:Henry Montagu Butler
750:Treaty of Versailles
691:Robert de Rothschild
629:Henry Montagu Butler
606:Indian Civil Service
563:Cambridge University
328:The Viscount Halifax
286:The Earl of Plymouth
191:Member of Parliament
98:Great Yeldham, Essex
29:The Right Honourable
1432:. 1 February 2012.
1401:Howard 1987, p. 31.
1392:Howard 1987, p. 28.
1374:Butler 1971, p. 18.
1362:Butler 1971, p. 17.
1344:Howard 1987, p. 25.
1311:Howard 1987, p. 24.
1302:Butler 1971, p. 16.
1284:Howard 1987, p. 22.
1257:Butler 1971, p. 14.
1248:Howard 1987, p. 23.
1221:Howard 1987, p. 16.
1163:Howard 1987, p. 14.
1151:Butler 1982, p. 82.
1049:genealogy.links.org
891:Augustine Courtauld
679:Marlborough College
677:and so he attended
567:Marlborough College
557:Butler was born in
392:Neville Chamberlain
305:Neville Chamberlain
257:Ministerial offices
1484:Butler 1971, p. 2.
1192:measuringworth.com
1112:Howard 1987, p. 7.
735:Butler studied at
733:
660:David Lloyd George
641:Geoffrey G. Butler
637:Dean of Gloucester
552:Conservative Party
369:Ministry of Labour
1682:The Art of Memory
1676:His autobiography
1604:978-0-224-01862-3
1597:. Jonathan Cape.
974:Constitutionalist
970:Winston Churchill
760:taking office as
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1198:on 31 March 2016
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649:Pembroke College
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96:
94:(aged 79)
88:
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72:
59:
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41:
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32:
27:
18:Main article:
13:
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1082:Howard, p. 3.
1079:
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1073:Howard, p. 1.
1070:
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1005:Campbell Case
1002:
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715:Pilot Officer
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625:George Butler
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598:British India
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476:Sec. of State
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320:Sec. of State
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78:British India
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58:
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38:
30:
25:
21:
16:
1717:
1681:
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1594:
1573:
1564:
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1546:
1537:
1525:. Retrieved
1515:
1508:
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1471:
1450:
1438:. Retrieved
1424:
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1321:
1316:
1307:
1298:
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1280:
1271:
1262:
1253:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1200:. Retrieved
1196:the original
1191:
1168:
1147:
1135:. Retrieved
1126:
1117:
1108:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1048:
1039:
1020:
995:
985:
960:
942:
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918:
913:
911:
895:
888:
854:
835:Smith Square
832:
824:
804:
795:
790:
784:
773:
754:
746:
734:
707:Justin Welby
695:
668:
664:Queen's Hall
657:
653:
618:
610:George Smith
591:
575:
556:
554:politician.
547:
544:R. A. Butler
543:
539:
538:
511:Succeeded by
442:
423:Succeeded by
404:Ernest Brown
376:
355:Succeeded by
333:Anthony Eden
277:
225:Succeeded by
202:
136:Conservative
92:(1982-03-08)
90:8 March 1982
74:Attock Serai
33:R. A. Butler
15:
1722:1803–2005:
949:cadet corps
631:(Master of
499:Preceded by
411:Preceded by
360:Richard Law
343:Preceded by
289:(1938–1940)
213:Preceded by
106:Nationality
1758:Categories
1032:References
685:pastor in
683:Protestant
639:) and Sir
588:Early life
230:Peter Kirk
66:1902-12-09
20:Rab Butler
934:Footnotes
921:Leo Amery
762:president
721:Cambridge
687:Abbeville
600:, to Sir
443:In office
377:In office
278:In office
203:In office
100:, England
1709:Archived
1593:(1987).
1527:23 March
1521:Archived
1498:Archived
1440:29 March
1434:Archived
1202:29 March
1131:Archived
1059:29 March
1053:Archived
1013:election
614:Calcutta
399:Minister
178:(father)
1719:Hansard
1584:Sources
604:of the
166:
154:
150:
109:British
1688:
1668:
1642:
1620:
1601:
1328:
1137:7 June
807:fellow
791:versus
671:Harrow
594:Attock
172:Parent
160:
142:Spouse
864:
156:(
152:
1686:ISBN
1666:ISBN
1640:ISBN
1618:ISBN
1599:ISBN
1529:2016
1442:2018
1326:ISBN
1204:2018
1139:2017
1061:2018
953:shot
799:Peel
675:Eton
635:and
193:for
162:1926
87:Died
56:Born
1731:at
848:in
809:of
778:by
548:Rab
117:Rab
1760::
1459:^
1367:^
1212:^
1190:.
1177:^
1156:^
1125:.
1096:^
1051:.
1047:.
968:.
866:DL
862:Kt
852:.
817:.
768:,
752:.
666:.
651:.
616:.
596:,
158:m.
76:,
37:MP
1694:.
1674:.
1648:.
1626:.
1607:.
1531:.
1334:.
1206:.
1141:.
1063:.
873:;
68:)
64:(
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