Earl Browder - Knowledge

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and Foster. The unexpected factor proved to be the chronic and incapacitating nature of Foster's heart ailment, which left Browder in a position of effective unitary leadership. Although Weinstone had been removed from America to break up an incipient factional war, he continued to campaign for the position of party leader. In the spring of 1933 he obtained the final test of strength he had been looking for, in the form of a dozen meetings of the Comintern's Anglo-American Secretariat in Moscow spread out over 29 days. Throughout April, Browder and Weinstone leveled charges and counter-charges against one another, examining the Communist Party's activities in the United States in fine detail. Despite significant criticism of certain of his actions, Browder emerged from the Moscow sessions in a firm position of authority. Weinstone, accepting defeat at last, remained in Moscow as the CPUSA's CI Rep until 1934.

1437:, then General Secretary of the Comintern, Browder's younger sister Marguerite was an agent working in various European countries for the NKVD. (The letter was found in the Comintern archives after the fall of the Soviet Union.) Browder expressed concern over the effect on the American public if his sister's secret work for Soviet intelligence were to be exposed: "In view of my increasing involvement in national political affairs and growing connections in Washington political circles ... it might become dangerous to this political work if hostile circles in America should obtain knowledge of my sister's work." He requested she be released from her European duties and returned to America to serve "in other fields of activity". Dimitrov forwarded Browder's request to 741:, held from March 26 to April 11, 1931. There it was Browder who delivered the main report of the CPUSA, indicative of his prime position in the organization. Tension developed between the trio, with Foster seeing his long-desired place as CPUSA chief foiled by a man who had formerly been his lieutenant at the Trade Union Educational League; both the midwesterners distrusted the ambitious, college-educated New Yorker Weinstone. Browder's considerable administrative skills, his ability to intelligently defend his ideas, and his willingness to yield to others when necessary scored points for his personal cause in Moscow. 1240:

had greater significance than an article by some leader of the French party who suddenly attacks the line of the American party without even letting us know his views beforehand. According to the Italians, later on, there is evidence that it was not aimed so much at Browder and the party here as at the Italian and French parties. The fear was that, with their underground fighting against the Nazis, they would emerge with tremendous prestige and be able to take an independent course. And while the blow was struck against us here, it wasn't necessarily concerned with us alone.

876:" and who "knew better than to oppose Soviet-imposed policies, however inappropriate they might be for American conditions", but who "wanted to be a leader of a national movement with power and influence of its own." The "Communism is 20th Century Americanism" campaign, during which Communism was portrayed as an integral part of the American democratic tradition, was successful in building the size and scope of the party organization. But with this growth came a correlated expansion of Browder's personal ego. A 734:. A new three person Secretariat was appointed, with Browder as Secretary of the political department while Will Weinstone and Bill Foster heading the organizational and trade union departments, respectively. With Weinstone in Moscow as the CPUSA's Comintern Rep and Foster in jail for his connection with the March 6 International Unemployment Day demonstration, which had ended in street fighting in New York City, Browder's position as chief decision-maker of the party was at least temporarily bolstered. 1093:, a massive and bloody invasion of the Soviet Union. Immediately the political line of the entire world communist movement shifted from one of anti-intervention in the so-called "imperialist war" to one of intense advocacy for anti-fascist intervention; the slogan was "Defend the Soviet Union". On July 12 the governments of Great Britain and the USSR exchanged pledges of mutual aid, setting the stage for military cooperation between the capitalist nations of the West and their historic Bolshevik foe. 1368:, a longtime Communist Party activist and Soviet agent, with CPUSA members who had offered to share sensitive information that they thought the party should know. While initially most of these would-be informants were employees of private industry, party members who were employees of the federal government were later also brought into Golos' circle of contacts. Browder was also periodically given access to important information by Golos before its transmission to his superiors in Moscow. 1119:, Foreign Minister of the USSR, President Roosevelt decided to remove a minor impediment to the closest possible wartime relations between the two powers by commuting Browder's sentence to time served. In a statement to the press, the Roosevelt administration said that Browder's early release would "have a tendency to promote national unity and allay any feeling...that the unusually long sentence in Browder's case was by way of penalty upon him because of his political views." 1272:. The subscription price was hefty—$ 100 per year; he wanted to gain a readership among business executives and political decision-makers. Browder produced a total of 16 issues, each based on his vision of Soviet-American cooperation, as opposed to the unfolding Cold War between the powers. The Communist Party regarded his independent publication as further evidence of a serious breach of party discipline. On February 5, 1946, Earl Browder was expelled from the CPUSA. 1327:, in which the pair debated socialism. Browder defended the Soviet Union while Shachtman acted as a prosecutor. Reportedly at one point in the debate, Shachtman listed a series of leaders of various Communist parties and noted that each had died at the hands of Stalin. At the end of this speech, he noted that Browder, too, had been a leader of a Communist Party and, pointing at him, said: "There-there but for an accident of geography, stands a corpse!" 273: 1167:

practical political role." Consequently, the name of the Communist Party USA would be changed to the "Communist Political Association", Browder noted — advising those gathered of a decision which had already been made by the Political Bureau of the party. The speakers following Browder lent individual support to the predetermined change of party name and shift in conception of the organization's role in the American political firmament.

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in the east. The Communists proved to be enthusiastic supporters of the war effort, and the party press worked to mobilize public sentiment by printing accounts of Nazi atrocities in Germany and abroad. Browder directed Communist Party members to concentrate upon "problems of a centralized war economy and production for the war", using their place in the labor movement to help ameliorate labor discord.

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newly revised needs of Soviet foreign policy. All anti-fascist propaganda was immediately terminated, overt criticism of German action was minimized, the culpability of the governments of France and Britain was exaggerated. Browder's CPUSA claimed that Hitler's foes intended to escalate the ongoing European conflict into a counterrevolutionary offensive against the USSR.

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approval for his scheme, arguing his case in person in Moscow. Browder returned to the United States at the end of the month, revealing his plan to a surprised party membership in a public speech delivered on January 6, 1935. The Socialist Party, for its part, remained skeptical, having been on the receiving end of more than a decade's worth of vilification and violence.

1112:. The Communist Party had previously conducted a "Free Earl Browder" campaign on behalf of its jailed leader but with little success, owing to bitter public sentiment over the USSR's pact with Nazi Germany and the CPUSA's kowtowing to Moscow's policy shift. By early 1942, however the party's pleas on behalf of Browder began to gain traction among government officials. 1108:. A German declaration of war on the United States followed, and direct American participation in the Second World War was begun. The interests of the American government, the Soviet government, and the American Communist Party became aligned. In the Atlanta prison, treatment of Browder was relaxed, and he began to be allowed regular visits from acting CPUSA leader 1284:, which became explicitly more pro-Stalin and pro-Soviet in later issues. With his visa finally approved, Browder ended publication of his newsletter at the end of April 1946. The former American party leader departed for the Soviet Union to determine whether his expulsion could be overturned. Browder arrived in Moscow on May 3 and met with old friends, including 44: 995:

over the change of line; but this was simply untrue. On the contrary, the party's ranks fell by 15% between 1939 and 1940, and recruitment of new members in 1940 fell by 75% from 1938 levels. The public image of the USSR as a main bulwark against fascism and claims of the CPUSA as an indigenous radical organization were severely undermined.

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Placing Browder — the man responsible for bringing Foster into the communist movement — in authority was seen as a means for shifting power decisively away from the former Lovestone group without opening a new round of factional warfare which would have inevitably resulted had the mantle been given directly to Foster.

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met monthly with the second secretary of the Soviet Embassy in Washington, D.C. He provided him with written memoranda on the situation in the United States in general and the Communist Party of the United States of America, in particular — effectively providing analysis on behalf of Soviet intelligence.

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AS: But in 1945 Browder went out as a result of Duclos' attack on his coalition line. GG: I was terribly shocked by the article. But in my naiveté and innocence, I was shocked because I was supposed to have been involved in what was a betrayal of Marxism. This was undoubtedly coming from Moscow, and

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Browder discreetly returned to New York City, where he resumed his place as General Secretary of the Communist Party, USA. Throughout the early years of the war, the CPUSA agitated for the establishment of a second military front in Europe to alleviate pressure exerted by Axis forces upon the Soviets

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as a fascist dictator in the making, Browder and the Communists began to examine their political isolation from the American working class and to envision the establishment of a new labor party which would include both Communists and Socialists within its ranks. In December 1934 Browder won Comintern

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was initiated by Moscow, which had been largely out of contact since it had liquidated the Comintern in 1943 as its own gesture to wartime harmony. Duclos otherwise had no reason to criticize the activity of a fraternal party, American Communists maintained. Moreover, Duclos quoted directly from the

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Browder did not personally devise the wartime policies of the CPUSA; the main elements of party policy, such as advocacy of an immediate second front, opposition to strikes, an end to racial discrimination in job hiring, and total support of Roosevelt's internal policy initiatives, were already well

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Jury deliberations in the Browder case lasted less than an hour, with a guilty verdict returned. Browder was sentenced to 4 years in prison and a $ 2,000 fine — a result less than the maximum but in excess of sentences given to others in similar circumstances. The conviction was unanimously affirmed

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was placed on the stand to identify Browder's photograph on papers obtained in Dozenberg's name. After the court refused a long series of motions by Browder's attorney, G. Gordon Battle, Browder took control of his own defense in the courtroom. He reminded jurors that the trial did not concern false

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quoted Browder as having recently said, "Getting thrown out of the Communist Party was the best thing that ever happened to me." When asked to elaborate, Browder replied: "That's right. I meant that the Communist Party and the whole communist movement was changing its character, and in 1945, when I

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had begun to investigate old charges that Earl Browder had traveled abroad under assumed names, making use of false documents, during the 1920s. Dies proceeded to subpoena Browder to appear before the committee to give testimony on the matter. On September 5, 1939, days after the German invasion of

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The result of the sudden shift of the party line caused shock and confusion among many members of the Communist Party USA, a good number of whom had joined during the period of the Popular Front against fascism. Browder declared at one Philadelphia rally that only "a dozen or so" had left the CPUSA

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by 50 percent in an attempt to help bring the budget into balance. Foster sought for the CPUSA to renew a militant stance against capitalism and the government in response to the economic downturn. Browder, on the other hand, pushed the party towards moderate criticism of the administration, urging

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and was ordered by doctors to cease campaigning and to undergo bed rest — with visitation and dictation similarly proscribed. With Foster out of the picture and a big majority of the party leadership backing him over Weinstone, Browder appealed to the Comintern to resolve what he called "impossible

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Another change of the top level leadership of the CPUSA took place at the party's 7th National Convention of June 21–25, 1930. Max Bedacht, formerly a top figure in the hierarchy of the Lovestone faction who had only recanted his views at the 11th hour in front of the American Commission of ECCI in

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In 1930, following the removal of a rival political faction from leadership, Browder was made General Secretary of the CPUSA. For the next 15 years thereafter Browder was the most recognizable public figure associated with American communism, authoring dozens of pamphlets and books, making numerous

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as a foreign agent, as required by law. He acted as a sort of literary agent for the Soviet government, receiving English translations of various books and articles and attempting to gain placement for them with American publishers. While generally unsuccessful at gaining such publication, Browder

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and Kyrill Anderson discovered a letter in the Soviet archives showing that the "Duclos Letter" had actually been written in Russian and published in Moscow in early 1945, while the war with Germany was still in progress. The timing of the original showed that the USSR had already decided post-war

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in Europe against German aggression. The Communist Party attenuated its message of the historical inevitability of revolution, emphasizing progressive trends in American history and attempting to cast itself as an indigenous reform movement under the slogan "Communism is 20th Century Americanism".

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On November 13, 1932, after extensive debate, the Comintern ruled in Browder's favor, determining that Weinstone would be removed from America to once again serve in Moscow as the CPUSA's official representative there. Moscow's vision seems to have been for a joint party leadership between Browder

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taking up his banner in Moscow while Mikhailov-Williams lent his support from America. Foster's credibility had been badly tarnished in Moscow as a result of his role as a leader of the frequently unprincipled factional war which had paralyzed the American party throughout the decade of the 1920s.

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The American communists quickly reversed Browder's political line, stripping him of executive power in June 1945 and reconstituting itself as the Communist Party of the United States of America at a snap convention held in July. Predictably, Bill Foster, elevated in stature by being quoted in the

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were called into session in New York City. Although they usually conducted their business in closed executive session, the members of the National Committee were surprised to learn that their session was to be held in a large room in front of about 200 invited guests. In his keynote report to the

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With popular feeling against Communism raging in the wake of European events and political heat rising in Washington, the Justice Department moved to action. On October 23 a federal grand jury in Manhattan indicted Browder for passport fraud, a felony. The formal charge against him specified that

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Virtually overnight the political lines of the communist parties of the world shifted. Those who were formerly the greatest cheerleaders for collective security against the danger of Germany now became staunch opponents of American intervention in the European military situation—reflective of the

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in foreign policy in the wake of the rising tide of fascism in Europe. A short-lived revival of the Farmer-Labor Party idea was scrapped under Browder's direction, and the New Deal coalition endorsed as the practical base upon which a People's Front could be constructed. Over question of Foster's

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By the end of 1932 Browder's primary leadership role was consolidated. When Weinstone returned from Moscow anxious to once again pursue party leadership positions, protracted squabbling over party policy threatened to erupt into a 1920s-style factional war. In August the Comintern Representative,

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quickly sprouted up. Browder was expelled from the re-established Communist Party early in 1946, largely due to a refusal to modify these views to accord with changing political realities and their associated ideological demands. Browder lived out the rest of his life in relative obscurity at his

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Browder allowed the Foster-Darcy letter to be circulated only to a handful of top party leaders, who at a February 1944 meeting of the Politburo voted to reject the letter. Foster's objection was muted when Browder emphasized that open criticism would have been regarded as a punishable breach of

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The National Committee voted unanimously in support of Browder's proposals. They established committees to draft a new constitution for the organization and to prepare for a May 1944 convention to ratify the changes. Factional opposition to Browder's change took the form of a letter to the party

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attempted to make political capital out of Browder's admission, by intimating that the Roosevelt administration had coddled the country's leading Communist. Parnell Thomas maintained that Browder was "swaggering apparently untouchable" despite being Stalin's "number one stooge in this country."

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The Communist Party was advancing its policy initiatives through political cooperation with New Deal supporters, Browder indicated, and he declared that "Communist organization in the United States should adjust its name to correspond more exactly to the American political tradition and its own

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that declared that Browder's beliefs about a harmonious post-war world were "erroneous conclusions in no wise flowing from a Marxist analysis of the situation." Duclos held that Browder's "liquidation of the independent political party of the working class" constituted a "notorious revision of

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Browder postulated that the cooperation between America and the Soviet Union would continue into the postwar period. A victory of the "United Nations" would "make possible the solution of reconstruction problems with a minimum of social disorder and civil violence in the various countries most

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Browder deferred from the position of party Secretary, however, not feeling himself sufficiently acclimated to the political situation in the CPUSA. The October plenum therefore returned Bedacht and Minor to a collective leadership, dropping Foster and Weinstone. Weinstone was named as the new

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Molotov was unable to intercede on Browder's behalf to reintegrate him into an American Communist Party. By then its leaders regarded him as an undisciplined opportunist and unreliable leader. However, his past service was rewarded with an appointment as "American Representative of the State

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Browder returned to the United States again in October 1929, just in time for a critical plenary session of the Central Committee of the American party. Allies in the Comintern had already begun to promote the trusted Browder as the best figure to head the American Communist Party, with

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Moreover, the CPUSA's new propaganda offensive against United States participation in the so-called "Imperialist War" brought it into political conflict with the Roosevelt administration, which had begun to question the wisdom of isolationism. In the summer of 1939, Texas Congressman

1312:(R-Wis), Browder openly criticized the American Communist Party but refused to answer questions that would incriminate former comrades. He also claimed under oath that he had never been involved in espionage activities. Browder was charged with contempt of Congress, but Judge 4442:

Investigation of Un-American Propaganda Activities in the United States: Hearings Before a Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, Seventy-Sixth Congress, First Session...: Volume 7, September 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 13, 1939, at Washington,

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884:: "The constant praise of his colleagues and the party press, and the adulation in which the membership held him (among his papers Browder saved a letter from a Seattle Communist addressed to the 'Greatest of Living Americans, Earl Browder'), transformed the once unassuming 405: 1051:

On January 17, 1940, Browder's trial for passport fraud began at federal court in New York City. Browder faced a two-count indictment, upon which conviction would have carried a maximum sentence of 10 years in prison and a $ 4,000 fine. Owing to expiration of the

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communications in the event that international conflict made direct communication impossible. No communications of this sort were made until late in September 1939, when the CPUSA's political line on the dramatically changed European situation would be specified.

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The Message They Tried to Stop! The Most Peculiar Election Campaign in the History of the Republic: Speech Delivered by Electrical Transcription at Olympic Auditorium, Los Angeles, California, September 8 and at San Francisco, California, September 11,

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While the center of gravity in the leadership of the CPUSA was rapidly shifted, Browder remained largely outside of the ongoing machinations of power, continuing to function as an employee of the Comintern. In August 1929 Browder was dispatched to

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Browder's chief rival in the Communist Party leadership in this interval was William Z. Foster. When a new recession struck in 1937, stifling tax revenue, President Roosevelt and Congress responded by cutting funding for its signature

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moving inexorably westward, the possibility of a Communist Europe seemed within reach to the party faithful. Cooperation between the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union was at its zenith following the conclusion of the

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The Democratic Front for Jobs, Security, Democracy, and Peace: Report to the Tenth National Convention of the Communist Party of the USA on Behalf of the National Committee, Delivered on Saturday, May 28, 1938, at Carnegie Hall, New

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party discipline. Darcy refused to submit to party discipline on this matter, however, viewing it as a matter of fundamental principle. He was subsequently expelled from the CPA by a committee headed by Foster himself.

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conspiring to defeat the operation of the draft law and nonregistration. Browder was sentenced to two years in prison for conspiracy and a year for nonregistration, sitting in jail from December 1917 to November 1918.

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A discussion of people's war policies: Vice President Henry Wallace's May 8, 1942 speech, Asst. Secretary of State Sumner Welles' May 30, 1942 speech, Earl Browder's June 7, 1942 article in "The Worker", the Atlantic

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relations with the US would not be friendly. The Russian-language original was translated into French and given to Duclos after the Japanese surrender, with instructions for him to publish it under his own name.

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and was employed as an office worker, entering the union of his trade, the Bookkeepers, Stenographers and Accountants union AFL. In 1916, he took a job as manager of the Johnson County Cooperative Association in

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was kicked out, the parting of the ways had come, and if I hadn't been kicked out I would have had the difficult task of disengaging myself from a movement that I could no longer agree with and no longer help."

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Foreign Policy and the Maintenance of Peace: Radio Speech of Earl Browder, Communist Party candidate for U.S. President, Delivered over a Coast-to-Coast Network of the National Broadcasting Company, August 28,

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sensing such a danger, advised Moscow of "some strong person" to stop the "squabbling". The third member of the Secretariat, William Z. Foster, the party's candidate for president, suffered an attack of

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that joint work between Socialists and Communists might be possible on specific issues, in reply to which Browder issued a letter formally proposing a large scale united front of the two organizations.

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in 1956, a period in which some within the American Communist Party briefly sought to exert its independence from Moscow, another effort was made to reintegrate Browder into the CPUSA. This effort at

1077:. Two days later, with his face masked behind a pillowcase to hinder photographers, Browder was led into the penitentiary to begin serving his four-year term. He would not emerge again for 14 months. 1916: 490:, with Browder serving as the first editor. However, in June of that year Browder was jailed again on a conspiracy charge, with Cannon taking over as editor. Browder's second prison stint, served at 1036:

Browder had made multiple returns to the United States using a passport bearing his own name, but which had been obtained on the basis of a falsely sworn statement. Indictments of CPUSA treasurer

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on September 17, occupying land that otherwise would have been taken over by Germany. The Soviet government went further, however, by signing a joint statement with the Germans characterizing the

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to appeal his case to the American Commission of ECCI; things did not go well for him and in the squabble over autonomy Lovestone attempted a factional coup involving the seizure of party assets.

533:(RILU, or "Profintern"). A founding convention was planned to be held in Moscow in July 1921 and an American delegation was gathered, including members of the American Communist Parties and the 1316:

ordered his acquittal because he felt the committee had not acted legally. Browder was never prosecuted for his perjury before the committee nor for his spying on behalf of the Soviet Union.

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Browder was not only the leading party decision-maker but also the public face of this effort. He was, one historian later noted, a man who "paid lip service to 'proletarian internationalism

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on earlier passport offenses, the government was able to prosecute Browder solely for his passport use during the years 1937 and 1938. To aid dramatic effect, recently convicted Soviet spy

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could stop him, Browder answered, "I have." Although he subsequently refused to answer follow-up questions about the matter, citing the protection against self-incrimination offered by the

6592: 4234:, 11 November 1950, American Aspects of the Assassination of Leon Trotsky, U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Un-American Activities, 81st Cong., 2d sess., part I, v–ix. 1203:, so-called "Browderism" was attacked by the rest of the international Communist movement. They particularly criticized the restructuring of the American party in 1944. In April 1945 the 328:

during his period of party leadership, placing those who sought to convey sensitive information to the party into contact with Soviet intelligence. In the wake of public outrage over the

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After 1935 the Communist Party maintained only nominal opposition to the Roosevelt administration, with Browder heading the party's 1936 ticket as its candidate for president in the

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would continue its wartime coordination with the Roosevelt administration after the war, and predicted a breakdown that would require an aggressive response by American Communists.

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By the end of 1943 the tide of the war in Europe had shifted, and there was no doubt either about the survival of the USSR or the ultimate outcome of the Second World War. With the

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gathering, General Secretary Browder revisited the close cooperation indicated at the Tehran Conference and declared that "Capitalism and Socialism have begun to find their way to

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as "Acting Secretary" as well as opposition factional leader and trade union chief Bill Foster; two relatively independent figures in the persons of cartoonist-turned-functionary

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as one of her contacts. Lowry, Akhmerov and their actions on behalf of Soviet intelligence are referred to in several Venona project decryptions as well as Soviet KGB archives.

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The 18th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party: Radio Address Delivered over a Coast-to-Coast Network of the National Radio Broadcasting Company, September 1, 1937

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Remarks of the General Secretary of the Communist Party, Earl Browder, Made at the Enlarged Meeting of the State Committee of the Communist Party of California on May 28, 1939

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within a broad governing coalition, he directed the transformation of the CPUSA into a "Communist Political Association" in 1944; however, following the death of President

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established by the time of his release in May 1942. Nevertheless, Browder became the public spokesman for these policies, and published a book in the fall of 1942, called

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documents. This secretly decoded material confirmed that Browder was engaged in recruiting potential espionage agents for Soviet intelligence during the 1940s. In 1938,

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Browder applied for a visa to travel to Moscow to appeal his expulsion, but he was forced to wait two months for its approval. In the meantime he continued to issue his

1020: 1004: 6532: 4490:, "Russian Archival Identification of Real Names Behind Cover Names in VENONA". Cryptology and the Cold War, Center for Cryptologic History Symposium, October 27, 2005. 6577: 5345: 2905: 626:

On May 17, 1929, ECCI ordered the removal of Lovestone. He was replaced on a provisional basis by a five-person secretariat which included former Lovestone associate

506:. A series of splits and mergers followed, with the two Communist parties formally merging in 1921. Released from prison at last, Browder lost no time in joining the 355:

and envisioned continued cooperation between these two military powers in the postwar years. Coming to see the role of American Communists to be that of an organized

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concerned." This belief in longterm cooperation between the Allied powers abroad and civil peace at home were the hallmarks of what was later known as "Browderism".

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The Results of the Elections and the People's Front: Report Delivered December 4, 1936 to the Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the USA

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policies of the Roosevelt administration became established, the Browder-led Communist Party moved from a position of bitter opposition to critical support.

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Midway through the first day of testimony, Browder was asked in passing whether he had ever traveled abroad under a false passport. Before party attorney

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The Communists in the People's Front: Report Delivered to the Plenary Meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, USA held June 17-20, 1937

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on passport charges followed in December, and the Communist Party sent several of its top leaders into hiding in anticipation of a broader crackdown.

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European geopolitics were fundamentally altered on August 23, 1939, when the Foreign Ministers of the USSR and Nazi Germany formally signed a mutual

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Choose between Teheran and Hitler: extracts from the report by Earl Browder to the National Convention of the U.S.A. Communist Party, May 20, 1944.

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Stephanson, Anders, and Gil Green. "Interview with Gil Green". Ed. Michael E. Brown, Randy Martin, and George Snedeker. Comp. Frank Rosengarten.

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and the war. Upon his release, Browder became an active member of the American Communist movement, soon working as an organizer on behalf of the

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at the end of January 1933, the balance of power in Europe was shifted. Formerly home to one of the most powerful communist organizations, the

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began to be nurtured among the party faithful in miniature reflection of the systemic adulation of Joseph Stalin in the USSR. In the words of

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affirmed the sentence and Browder began what proved to be a 14-month stint in federal prison. Browder was subsequently released by President

325: 4695: 1257:"Duclos letter", led the opposition to Browder and "Browderism". He was named to replace "the man from Kansas" as party chairman in 1945. 683:, in the position. Browder was added to this new three member Secretariat, named head of the party's Agitation and Propaganda department. 1894: 1342:

was soon defeated, however. Although remaining committed to the cause of socialism, Browder never belonged to the Communist Party again.

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Appeal of Earl Browder to the National Committee CPUSA Against the Decision of the National Board of February 5, 1946 for His Expulsion

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Browder's status as the de facto first among equals among members of the Secretariat of the American CP was further emphasized at the

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Four letters concerning peaceful co-existence of capitalism and socialism: together with speech of June 2, 1945 on the same question

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Unite the People of Illinois for Jobs, Security, Peace and Democracy: Report to the Illinois State Convention of the Communist Party

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Report of the Central Committee to the Eighth Convention of the Communist Party of the USA, Held in Cleveland, Ohio, April 2–8, 1934

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While in federal custody in the US, Browder never revealed his status as an agent recruiter. He was never prosecuted for espionage.

309: 1155: 430: 1261:, an individual held in high esteem by Moscow, was named Browder's successor to the more important position of General Secretary. 5636: 5550: 1085:

While Browder was imprisoned, the war continued, with major events in Europe and the Pacific. On June 22, 1941, some 3.9 million

557: 553: 503: 829:

In conjunction with its newly found interest in building bridges with non-communist progressives, the CPUSA launched potent new

6617: 4453: 1821: 1482: 534: 421:

in Wichita and remained in that organization until the party split of 1912, when many of the group's members who supported the

231: 2823:

by Jacques Duclos San Francisco, Calif. : State Committee, Communist Political Association of California, 1945 (foreword)

2703:

Organize mass struggle for social insurance: tasks of the American Communist Party in organizing struggle for social insurance

1597: 1061:

documents from the distant past and proclaimed that the actual charges against him were based upon a "web of technicalities".

6622: 6296: 5354: 5312: 1070: 719: 541:. This trip to Soviet Russia incidentally proved decisive in bringing the syndicalist Foster over to the Communist movement. 511: 321: 272: 4379: 1433:

Members of Browder's family were also involved in work for Soviet intelligence. According to a 1938 letter from Browder to

722:, March 6, 1930 — an international day of mass protest, set in motion by the Comintern, against unemployment. A network of 718:

crisis into a mass movement for revolutionary change. Browder was instrumental in planning American activities relating to

6501: 5399: 2757: 2718: 2598: 1532: 1224:

Foster-Darcy letter — a document known to only a handful of top American party leaders, with a copy dispatched to Moscow.

893: 544:

Throughout the early 1920s, Browder and Foster worked together closely in the TUEL, trying to win over the support of the

288:(May 20, 1891 – June 27, 1973) was an American politician, spy for the Soviet Union, communist activist and leader of the 1761:

Build the United People's Front: Report to the November Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the USA

805:. By the middle of 1934 the Browder-led Central Committee of the CPUSA was pushing the leaders of its youth section, the 6542: 4742: 2420:

World Communism and US Foreign Policy: A Comparison of Marxist Strategy and Tactics: After World War I and World War II.

1497: 438: 1308:

In April 1950, Browder was called to testify before a Senate Committee investigating communist activity. Questioned by

947: 329: 5475: 5214: 4691: 1041: 902:

militance versus Browder's accommodation with New Deal realities, the Comintern ruled decisively in favor of Browder.

731: 619:

which the member organizations of the Comintern were instructed to pursue. Lovestone headed a 10-member delegation to

545: 1300:

Publishing House" for publication of Soviet books in the United States. Upon his return, Browder registered with the

714:. As head of the CPUSA's Agitprop, Browder was responsible for generating party literature intended to transform the 392:, the eighth child of Martha Jane (Hankins) and William Browder, a teacher and farmer. His father was sympathetic to 6547: 6456: 5882: 5705: 5671: 4675: 2776: 2631:“Official Communications: Letter of the P.P.T.U.S. to the Latin American Trade Union Congress, Montevideo, Uruguay” 1352: 1008: 978: 842: 806: 791: 418: 189: 6281: 4533:

Guardian of the Fortress: A Biography of Earl Russell Browder, US Communist Party General-Secretary from 1930–1944

1676:. New York: Published for the State Campaign Committee of the Communist Party by Workers Library Publishers, 1936. 1023:, the damage caused by Browder's admission under oath had been done. Conservative politicians such as Congressman 738: 6431: 5678: 5507: 4991: 4638: 974: 707: 639: 2835:, in "Discussion Bulletin No. 9". San Francisco: California State Committee, CPA, July 1945; pp. 1–3, 6, 8. 6020: 5990: 5564: 5536: 5482: 5433: 2802: 1505: 1331: 1235:, edited by Michael F. Brown, Randy Martin, Frank Rosengarten, and George Snedeker. This exchange was included: 1016: 603:

The year 1929 marked a major turn in the Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA). Party leader

491: 437:

notes that Browder "was influenced by an offshoot of the syndicalist movement which believed in working in the

4681: 4160: 1526: 2829:(with William Z. Foster) in "Discussion Bulletin No. 1". San Francisco: California State Committee CPA, 1945. 2159:

A Different Kind of Party: Earl Browder Tells How the Communist Party is Distinguished from All Other Parties

1395:, he and Browder participated in discussions with Soviet intelligence officials to plan the assassination of 766:

Cover of patriotic CPUSA "penny pamphlet" from "Communism is 20th Century Americanism" campaign of late 1930s

292:(CPUSA). Browder was the General Secretary of the CPUSA during the 1930s and first half of the 1940s. During 6612: 5606: 5417: 5381: 5326: 5277: 2627:) Chicago: Published for the Trade Union Educational League by the Daily Worker 1925 (Little Red Library #1) 2570: 838: 522: 305: 2832: 1430:

memorandum, Browder was personally credited with hiring eighteen intelligence agents for the Soviet Union.

6374: 6306: 6131: 6045: 5985: 5442: 5221: 5193: 4429: 4393: 2864: 2706: 1371:

Browder's public protestations against accusations of spying were contradicted by the 1995 release of the

1228: 1204: 1101: 1053: 927: 679:

American Representative to the Comintern, replacing the recently expelled righthand man of Jay Lovestone,

297: 4468: 4289: 905:

Browder made his final trip to the USSR in October 1938, where he made arrangements with Comintern chief

6369: 6080: 5698: 5643: 5408: 5186: 5104: 4559: 1474: 822: 802: 457: 377: 360: 341: 178: 4243: 2102:

A Message to California Educators: Some Inner Contradictions in Washington's Imperialist Foreign Policy

1489:, all distinguished research mathematicians, have been leaders in the American mathematical community. 897:

increased expenditures on public works and unemployment relief and lauding Roosevelt's move away from

576:, a clandestine labor organization working to unify the labor movement of Asia and the nations of the 6527: 6522: 6185: 6010: 5907: 5291: 5087: 2868: 2842: 1605: 1538: 1160: 1090: 794:(KPD) was quickly suppressed. The failure of the KPD to cooperate with workers adhering to the rival 473:

conflict. After the United States joined the war in 1917, Browder was arrested and charged under the

2062:. New York: Educational and Literature Departments, New York State Committee, Communist Party, 1940. 1037: 869:, was replaced by a fuzzy critique of capitalism using Rooseveltian terms like "economic royalism". 6090: 6040: 5980: 5902: 5867: 5571: 4765: 4652: 4621: 4587: 2682: 2281:

Browder Hits Anti-Soviet Plot speech of Earl Browder, at Aperion Manor, Brooklyn, NY, April 1, 1943

1132: 943: 877: 857: 723: 507: 499: 494:, lasted until November 1920, putting him out of circulation during the critical interval when the 289: 199: 56: 1681:

Report of the Central Committee to the Ninth National Convention of the Communist Party of the USA

1655:

New Steps in the United Front: Report on the Seventh World Congress of the Communist International

1012:

Poland, Browder appeared before HUAC, providing exhaustive testimony over the course of two days.

6461: 6213: 6030: 5962: 5932: 5777: 5767: 5664: 5372: 5263: 5235: 4975: 4449: 2727:

The Constitution of the United States: with the amendments; also, the Declaration of Independence

2660: 1873:

Report to the Tenth National Convention of the Communist Party on Behalf of the Central Committee

1546: 1384: 1313: 1293: 1116: 1057: 951: 935: 549: 6413: 2470: 1565: 4140: 2874: 1387:, allegedly at the request of Browder (Venona code name: FATHER). According to self-confessed 6200: 6015: 5752: 5621: 5585: 5249: 5130: 5071: 5047: 5007: 4908: 4825: 4789: 2656: 2624: 2597:. (Introduction) Chicago: The Trade Union Educational League, 1923. (Labor Herald Library #8) 2078:

United Front against Fascism and War: How to Achieve It! A Serious Word to the Socialist Party

1997:. Los Angeles: California Organization and Educational Departments, Communist Party USA, 1939. 1462: 1379:(Venona code name: SON) had been appointed to head the CPUSA underground apparatus to replace 1172: 1148: 1024: 830: 608: 442: 373: 79: 2676: 2428:

Where Do We Go From Here? An Examination of the Record of the 14th National Convention, CPUSA

730:

Moscow was removed as Secretary and moved to a less sensitive leadership role as head of the

6446: 6311: 6241: 6137: 6085: 6055: 5832: 5807: 5284: 5270: 5172: 5158: 5137: 4999: 4967: 4647: 4487: 4211: 4000: 2792: 2611:(Introduction) Chicago: The Trade Union Educational League, 1924. (Labor Herald Library #10) 2603: 1423: 1285: 1249: 1000: 881: 774:

of the early 1930s, he came into his own during the interval which followed, the era of the

711: 680: 671: 526: 368: 1689:

Democracy or Fascism? Earl Browder's Report to the Ninth Convention of the Communist Party

809:, to establish a working alliance with the youth section of the rival Socialist Party, the 6451: 6441: 6393: 6364: 6349: 6301: 6256: 6180: 6111: 6095: 5952: 5912: 5629: 5242: 5165: 5023: 4872: 4583: 4473: 4250: 4034: 2880: 2846: 2620: 1837: 1450: 1441:, then head of the NKVD, requesting Marguerite Browder's transfer. Browder's half-niece, 1434: 1309: 1097: 910: 906: 746: 596: 538: 450: 434: 389: 161: 6403: 4545:

James G. Ryan, "Socialist Triumph as a Family Value: Earl Browder and Soviet Espionage",

4440: 3508: 2939: 1639: 770:

While Earl Browder was one of the top leaders of American communism during the so-called

4604: 1461:)). In 1939, Helen Lowry married Akhmerov. Lowry was named by Soviet intelligence agent 922: 762: 404: 6476: 6286: 6271: 6223: 6162: 6153: 6126: 6005: 6000: 5947: 5927: 5797: 5390: 5207: 5031: 2508:

Language & war : letter to a friend concerning Stalin's article on linguistics

2001:

Speech of Earl Browder, Auspices of Yale Peace Council, New Haven, Conn., Nov. 28, 1939

1778: 1509: 1486: 1438: 1411: 1372: 1339: 1212: 963: 866: 695: 635: 486:

In 1919, Browder, Cannon and their Kansas City associates started a radical newspaper,

462: 356: 333: 255: 226: 4666:

from the Kansas State Historical Society. Source: Vertical File microfilm reel MF 251.

4663: 2048:

Earl Browder Talks to the Senators on the Real Meaning of the Voorhis "Blacklist" Bill

983: 607:, having won a massive factional victory over the Chicago-based rival group headed by 347:

Browder was a staunch adherent of close cooperation between the United States and the

6516: 6491: 6436: 6408: 6398: 6354: 6276: 6266: 6170: 6121: 6075: 6070: 6050: 5922: 5897: 5887: 5847: 5817: 5812: 5782: 5319: 5256: 5228: 5095: 5063: 5015: 4983: 4888: 4726: 4711: 4446:. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1940; pp. 4275–4520. 2910: 2860: 2814: 2788: 2589: 1478: 1419: 1320: 1258: 1220: 931: 814: 775: 699: 659: 604: 592: 577: 474: 221: 129: 4455:

The path of a renegade : why Earl Browder was expelled from the Communist Party

1905:. New York: International Publishers, 1938. — A collection of speeches and articles. 380:, where he died in 1973. He wrote numerous books and pamphlets on political issues. 17: 6496: 6486: 6471: 6359: 6316: 6291: 6246: 6228: 6116: 6035: 6025: 5975: 5937: 5877: 5872: 5857: 5852: 5842: 5837: 5827: 5305: 5298: 5123: 5039: 4936: 4920: 4514: 4215: 3996: 2688: 2614: 2358: 2283:. Baltimore? : Communist Party and Young Communist League of Baltimore?, 1943. 2003:. New York: Communist Party of America, National Committee, Publicity Dept., 1939. 1924: 1493: 1415: 1396: 1392: 1357: 1245: 1109: 1045: 967: 898: 783: 771: 715: 691: 631: 616: 561: 529:

decided to establish an international confederation of Communist trade unions, the

429:

clause to the party constitution and the recall of National Executive Committeeman

352: 348: 301: 247: 43: 4358:

The Browder case: a summary of facts: a brief for justice and fair play in America

1356:, where he was grilled for 30 minutes about his past in the Communist Party. Host 588: 4687: 2891: 2606: 2539: 2507: 2419: 2177:

Victory Must Be Won: Independence Day Speech, Madison Square Garden, July 2, 1942

1956: 1687: 1560: 1512:

is a British-American entrepreneur, consumer rights activist, and public figure.

710:

and the beginning of a massive economic contraction remembered to history as the

441:(AFL)." This ideological orientation brought the young Browder into contact with 6481: 6466: 6321: 6261: 6251: 6175: 5995: 5970: 5942: 5917: 5892: 5822: 5792: 5762: 5179: 5144: 4617: 4509:

Which Side Were You On? The American Communist Party During the Second World War

3514:. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1940; pp. 4275–4520. 3318:

Which Side Were You On? The American Communist Party During the Second World War

2915: 2672: 2435:

Parties, issues, and Candidates in the 1948 Elections: Brief Review and Analysis

1442: 1365: 1196: 1180: 1086: 813:. In the same vein, Browder himself picked up hints from Socialist Party leader 651: 627: 470: 466: 422: 293: 117: 2501:"Is Russia a socialist community?": affirmative presentation in a public debate 1829: 1426:" Soviet intelligence thought highly of Browder's recruitment work: in a 1946 6208: 6190: 6065: 6060: 5802: 5787: 5772: 5657: 5543: 5200: 4669: 4417: 2565: 1376: 1324: 1289: 1265: 1028: 750:

relations" with Weinstone by assigning one of them for Comintern work abroad.

530: 5593:

List of Communist Party USA members who have held office in the United States

4526:

The Communist Party of the United States: From the Depression to World War II

4244:"Elizabeth Bentley reports on new KGB recruits from American Communist Party" 3447:

The Communist Party of the United States: From the Depression to World War II

2715:(with John Arnold). New York, N.Y. State Jewish Buro, Communist Party, 1937. 2377:

The Writings and Speeches of Earl Browder: From May 24, 1945 to July 26, 1945

1179:, signed only by the former. The pair disagreed with Browder's view that the 6218: 5862: 5747: 4634: 2549:

Yonkers, N.Y. : Issued for private circulation only by E. Browder, 1952

2111:. New York: National Election Campaign Committee, Communist Party USA, 1940. 1804: 1453:, a Soviet NKVD espionage controller, from 1936 to 1939 under the code name 1380: 1176: 643: 5690: 4554:

Sacred Secrets: How Soviet Intelligence Operations Changed American History

2764:

Is communism a menace? A debate between Earl Browder and George E. Sokolsky

2080:. New York City: New York District Committee, Communist Party of USA, 1940. 1989:

Communist Leader Says: "Protect Bill of Rights to Keep America Out of War."

2720:

Red baiting: enemy of labor; with a letter to Homer Martin by Earl Browder

1069:

concurred on February 17, 1941. On March 25, 1941, Browder surrendered to

6344: 5742: 5079: 4837: 4684:, Links to video of TV interview of June 2, 1957, and printed transcript. 3794:. New York: International Publishers, 1942; pg. 113. Quoted in Isserman, 2850: 1200: 1143: 846: 706:

The 4th quarter of 1929 saw the wheels fall off the wagon, marked by the

569: 426: 393: 364: 4253:, Venona 588 New York to Moscow, 29 April 1944, National Security Agency 2086:. New York City: New York State Committee, Communist Party U.S.A., 1940. 1599:

The Meaning of Social-Fascism: Its Historical and Theoretical Background

4407:

New York : National Veterans Committee of the Communist Party 1956

2940:"Earl Browder Papers an inventory of his papers at Syracuse University" 2476: 2074:. New York: National Election Campaign Committee, Youth Division, 1940. 1749:

Acceptance Speeches: Communist Candidates in the Presidential Elections

862: 787: 779: 655: 320:

public speeches before sometimes vast audiences, and twice running for

4734: 4571:

Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness — A Soviet Spymaster

4569:

Pavel Anatoli Sudoplatov; Jerrold L. Schecter; and Leona P. Schecter,

4125:

Socialist Triumph as a Family Value: Earl Browder and Soviet Espionage

2592: 2483:

In defense of communism: against W.Z. Foster's "new route to socialism

6336: 4410:

William Z. Foster; Jaques Duclos; Eugne Dennis; and John Williamson,

2772: 1501: 1403: 1105: 959: 955: 620: 611:

at the 6th National Convention of the organization, ran afoul of the

469:

and publicly spoke out against it, characterizing the fighting as an

4436:[S.l. : Communist Party of the United States of America?, 1949. 1918:

The Economics of Communism: The Soviet Economy in its World Relation

1755:

The Communist Position in 1936: Radio Speech Broadcast March 5, 1936

4176:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2002; p. 22. 2810:

Communists and national unity: an interview of PM with Earl Browder

698:(1927) was a main contender for CPUSA leadership after the fall of 6385: 4535:. PhD dissertation. University of California, Santa Barbara, 1982. 2257:. New York City: New York State Committee, Communist Party, 1943. 2128:

The Communist Party of the USA: Its History, Role and Organization

1842:. (with Bill Lawrence) New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1938. 1270:

Distributors Guide: Economic Analysis: A Service for Policy Makers

921: 888:

of the 1920s into an arrogant and uncompromising party dictator."

761: 690: 587: 565: 403: 313: 4659:— Digitization of full extant run, via Marxists Internet Archive. 2696:

Debate: Which Road for American Workers — Socialist or Communist?

2465:

How to halt crisis and war: an economic program for progressives

2413:

The "Miracle" of Nov. 2nd: Some Aspects of the American Elections

2263:. Chicago: Illinois State Committee of the Communist Party, 1943. 2054:

The Most Peculiar Election: The Campaign Speeches of Earl Browder

1862:. Chicago: Illinois State Committee of the Communist Party, 1938. 950:. The agreement included secret protocols providing for the Nazi 4612:

Earl Browder Papers, 1891–1975: A Guide to the Microfilm Edition

4607:, Syracuse University Library Special Collections, Syracuse, NY. 4578:

Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations

4380:"On the Dissolution of the Communist Party of the United States" 4350:

A Comparative Study of the Earl Browder and Other Passport Cases

2723:

by Louis Budenz New York : Workers Library Publishers, 1937

2495:

Earl Browder before U.S. Senate: the record and some conclusions

1427: 1388: 5694: 4738: 4500:

Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes, and Fridrikh Igorevich Firsov,

4390:.. New York: New Century Publishers, Feb. 1946; pp. 21–35. 4373:

Material for discussion leaders on the fight against Browderism

2885:

The New International: A Monthly Organ of Revolutionary Marxism

2527:"Should Soviet China be admitted to the United Nations?" debate 1496:(son of Felix) was co-founder and head of the investment group 1115:

On May 16, 1942, just prior to a visit to the United States by

4592:

The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America — The Stalin Era

4142:

Is Russia a Socialist Community? The Verbatim Text of a Debate

2876:

Is Russia a Socialist Community? The Verbatim Text of a Debate

2821:

On the dissolution of the Communist Party of the United States

1866:

Attitude of the Communist Party on the Subject of Public Order

1810:

North America and the Soviet Union: The Heritage of Our People

1739:. New York: National Campaign Committee Communist Party, 1936. 1733:. New York: National Campaign Committee Communist Party, 1936. 1407: 595:(1917) was Executive Secretary of the CPUSA from the death of 552:

that would be able to challenge the electoral hegemony of the

3449:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1991; pg. 197. 2209:. San Francisco: Issued by California Communist Party, 1942. 1508:. Browder became a British citizen in 1998. Great-grandchild 1199:

alliance at the end of World War II and the beginning of the

4624:

contain materials from Earl Browder's presidential campaign.

3026:. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1997; pg. 37. 1985:. New York, New York State Committee, Communist Party, 1939. 1634:

The Communist Party and the Emancipation of the Negro People

1543:. Chicago: Literature Dept., Workers Party of America, 1924. 1350:

On June 2, 1957, Browder appeared on the television program

646:"G. Williams") as the unpublicized power behind the throne. 4222:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000; pg. ???. 2839:

How can Soviet Russia and the United States keep the peace?

2735:. (with others) New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1941. 2566:

Marx and America: A Study in the Doctrine of Impoverishment

2030:

Internationalism; Results of the 1940 Election: Two Reports

1731:

The Landon-Hearst Threat Against Labor: A Labor-Day Message

580:. The pair returned to the United States in January 1929. 560:

parties. In 1928, the estranged Browder and his girlfriend

6603:

Candidates in the 1936 United States presidential election

1910:

Concerted action or isolation: which is the road to peace?

1888:

Traitors in American History: Lessons of the Moscow Trials

1737:

Old Age Pensions and Unemployment Insurance: Radio Address

662:

coastline, to attend the final formal gathering of RILU's

3985:

New Studies in the Politics and Culture of U.S. Communism

3320:. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1982; pg. 9. 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2748:(with others) New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1942. 2261:

A Conspiracy Against our Soviet Ally: A Menace to America

1856:. New York, N.Y., State Committee, Communist Party, 1938. 1233:

New Studies in the Politics and Culture of U.S. Communism

1231:

by Anders Stephanson was published in the 1993 anthology

4361:

New York: Citizens' Committee to Free Earl Browder, 1941

3894:

Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes, and Kirill M. Anderson,

3507:

See: House Special Committee on Un-American Activities,

2213:

Free the Anti-Fascist Prisoners in North Africa: Address

1636:. New York: Harlem section of the Communist Party, 1934. 1528:

A System of Accounts for a Small Consumers' Co-operative

845:(April 1935). Moreover, as the 1930s progressed and the 634:

and former Executive Secretary of the underground party

4519:

The Heyday of American Communism: The Depression Decade

3121:

The Heyday of American Communism: The Depression Decade

2559:

A postscript to the discussion of peaceful co-existence

2068:. New York City : Communist Party of U.S.A., 1940. 1977:

Finding the Road to Peace: Radio Address, Aug. 29, 1939

958:

brought an immediate response from its treaty partners

5364:

Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Board

2833:"Speech to the CPA National Committee – June 18, 1945" 2367:. San Francisco: California State Committee CPA, 1945. 1697:

Zionism: Address at the Hippodrome Meeting Jun 8, 1936

344:

in May 1942 as a gesture to "promote national unity."

4386:, April 1945. Reprinted in William Z. Foster et al., 3898:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998; pg. 93. 2892:

Contempt of Congress : the trial of Earl Browder

1559:. Chicago: Labor Unity Publishing Association, 1927. 1175:

and Foster's friend, Philadelphia District Organizer

4542:. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2005. 4528:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1991. 2879:. March 1950 debate with Max Shachtman moderated by 2699:

with Norman Thomas, New York: Socialist Call, 1936.

1818:. New York: Central Committee Communist Party, 1937. 1648:

Unemployment Insurance: The Burning Issue of the Day

1154:

On January 7, 1944, the 28 members of the governing

324:. Browder also took part in activities on behalf of 6422: 6383: 6334: 6199: 6161: 6151: 6104: 5961: 5735: 5726: 5521: 5492: 5460: 5453: 5336: 5115: 4959: 4864: 4781: 4774: 4463:

The Convention Unanimously Rejects Browder's Appeal

4439:House Special Committee on Un-American Activities, 2349:

Why America is interested in the Chinese Communists

2072:

A Message from Earl Browder to the Youth of America

1244:After the collapse of the Soviet Union, historians 1102:

attack upon the American naval base at Pearl Harbor

267: 240: 214: 206: 185: 168: 144: 139: 123: 111: 95: 85: 73: 54: 34: 4614:. Glen Rock, NJ: Microfilm Corp. of America, 1976. 4511:. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1982. 3759:, December 16, 1942, pp. 5–6. Quoted in Isserman, 2277:. San Francisco: California Communist Party, 1943. 2092:.: Browder for Congress Campaign Committee, 1940. 1868:. : Chevrolet Branch of the Communist Party, 1938. 1854:The Nazi Pogrom, an Outcome of the Munich Betrayal 1449:Elza Akhmerova, also Elsa Akhmerova), worked with 801:Browder was an enthusiastic supporter of this new 613:Executive Committee of the Communist International 4682:"The Mike Wallace Interview. Guest: Earl Browder" 4161:"The Mike Wallace Interview. Guest: Earl Browder" 2753:Anti-semitism: what it means and how to combat it 2219:The Future of the Anglo-Soviet-American Coalition 2098:. New York : Young Communist League, 1940. 1670:. Philadelphia: Communist Party of the USA, 1935. 1414:(station chief) and I tried to get in touch with 1021:Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution 1005:House Special Committee on Un-American Activities 726:were established under Communist Party auspices. 6593:People convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917 5346:Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board 4566:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972. 4423:On Guard against Browderism, Titoism, Trotskyism 4371:Communist Party of the United States of America 3987:. New York: Monthly Review, 1993. 307-26. Print. 2906:History of Soviet espionage in the United States 2540:Contempt of Congress; the trial of Earl Browder. 572:where Browder served as Secretary of the RILU's 4671:"Communist Leader Earl Browder on Labor Unions" 4540:Earl Browder: The Failure of American Communism 4317:"Earl Browder, Ex-Communist Leader, Dies at 82" 4174:Red Spy Queen: A Biography of Elizabeth Bentley 3457: 3455: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3024:Earl Browder: The Failure of American Communism 2887:, Vol.16 No.3, May–June 1950, pp. 145–176. 1540:Unemployment: Why it Occurs and How to Fight It 654:, located in the far eastern reaches of Soviet 3864: 3862: 3822: 3820: 3806: 3804: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3713: 3711: 2684:How do we raise the question of a labor party? 2459:U.S.A. & U.S.S.R.: their relative strength 2395:The Decline of the Left Wing of American Labor 2275:Hitler's Secret Weapon: The Bogey of Communism 2060:Study Guide and Outline for the People's Front 2009:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1940. 1570:. Chicago: Labor Unity Pub. Association, 1927. 1410:New York office states, "for more than a year 1319:In March 1950, Browder shared a platform with 1268:weekly newsletter of economic analysis called 1211:, published an article by French party leader 966:, who declared war on Germany on September 3. 425:ideal exited the party after it added an anti- 5706: 4750: 4605:"Earl Browder Papers 1879–1967: Online guide" 4434:Browder's "coalition" – with monopoly capital 3948: 3946: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3484: 2709:) New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1933. 2691:) New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1935. 2679:) New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1933. 2663:) New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1933. 2207:2nd Front Now! This is the Will of the People 2197:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1942. 2191:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1942. 2185:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1942. 2179:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1942. 2173:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1942. 2155:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1941. 2149:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1941. 2143:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1941. 2131:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1941. 2056:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1940. 2050:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1940. 2044:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1940. 2038:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1940. 2032:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1940. 2026:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1940. 2020:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1940. 1967:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1939. 1953:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1939. 1945:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1939. 1937:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1939. 1921:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1939. 1899:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1938. 1891:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1938. 1883:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1938. 1876:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1938. 1850:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1938. 1834:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1937. 1826:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1937. 1812:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1937. 1795:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1937. 1789:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1937. 1771:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1936. 1763:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1936. 1757:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1936. 1751:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1936. 1745:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1936. 1715:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1936. 1692:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1936. 1684:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1936. 1664:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1935. 1658:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1935. 1650:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1935. 1630:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1934. 1610:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1933. 1602:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1933. 1594:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1932. 1588:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1931. 938:signs non-aggression treaty (August 23, 1939) 296:, Browder served time in federal prison as a 8: 6598:Recipients of American presidential clemency 4495:Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America 4220:Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America 3312: 3310: 2760:) New York: Workers Library Publishers 1943. 2594:Struggle of the Trade Unions Against Fascism 2533:The meaning of MacArthur: letter to a friend 2331:. New York: Workers Library Publishers 1944. 2319:. New York: Workers Library Publishers 1944. 2311:. New York: Workers Library Publishers 1944. 2303:. New York: Workers Library Publishers 1944. 2271:. New York: Workers Library Publishers 1943. 2251:. New York: Workers Library Publishers 1943. 2243:. New York: Workers Library Publishers 1943. 2235:. New York: Workers Library Publishers 1943. 2221:. New York: Workers Library Publishers 1943. 1929:. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1939 1803:New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1937. 1264:In January 1946, Browder began publishing a 408:Prison photo of Earl Browder, December 1917. 96:General Secretary of the Communist Party USA 4400:New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1941. 4366:The Campaign to free Earl Browder: A Report 4364:Citizens's Committee to Free Earl Browder, 4355:Citizens's Committee to Free Earl Browder, 4348:Citizens's Committee to Free Earl Browder, 4163:, June 2, 1957. Retrieved October 14, 2009. 4106: 4104: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4007:. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.) 2857:Communists in the struggle for Negro rights 2329:Teheran and America: Perspectives and Tasks 2325:. New York: International Publishers, 1944. 2316:The Road Ahead to Victory and Lasting Peace 2227:. New York: International Publishers, 1943. 2203:New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1942. 2167:. New York: International Publishers, 1942. 2137:New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1941. 2123:. New York: International Publishers, 1940. 2117:. New York: International Publishers, 1940. 1973:New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1939. 1961:New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1939. 1721:New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1936. 1644:. New York: International Publishers, 1935. 1622:New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1933. 1616:New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1933. 1607:What Every Worker Should Know About the NRA 1582:New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1931. 1576:New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1930. 1500:, which operated for more than 10 years in 6158: 5732: 5713: 5699: 5691: 5457: 4778: 4757: 4743: 4735: 4700: 4426:. New York: New Century Publishers, 1951. 4156: 4154: 4152: 3619: 3617: 3577: 3575: 3535: 3533: 3369: 3367: 3365: 2817:New York: Workers Library Publishers 1944. 2553:Should America be returned to the Indians? 2389:Soviet book news, literature, art, science 2337:New York: Workers Library Publishers 1944. 2335:Shall the Communist Party Change Its Name? 2295:New York: Workers Library Publishers 1944. 2215:. New York: Communist Party, U.S.A., 1942. 2084:The New Moment in the Struggle against War 1934:The 1940 Elections: How the People Can Win 1725:To all Sympathizers of the Communist Party 1668:Security for Wall Street or for the Masses 1551:. Chicago: Workers Party of America, 1925. 1473:Browder married Raisa Berkman. He died in 449:which was based upon similar policies and 388:Earl Browder was born on May 20, 1891, in 42: 31: 6583:Members of the Socialist Party of America 4657:, Kansas City, April 4 to Nov. 28, 1919. 4504:. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995. 4497:. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000. 4465:. New York: New Century Publishers, 1948. 4290:"Inside Bill Browder's War Against Putin" 4041:. New York: Horizon Press, 1975; pg. 138. 3296: 3294: 3267: 3265: 3199: 3197: 3144: 3142: 3102: 3100: 2729:New York: International Publishers, 1937. 2036:Earl Browder Takes His Case to the People 1913:New York: International Publishers, 1938. 1707:. New York: Communist Party of USA, 1936. 1504:during a wave of privatization after the 27:American communist politician (1891–1973) 5579:Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party 4576:Richard C.S. Trahair and Robert Miller, 3966: 3964: 3962: 3919: 3917: 3476:The Communist Party of the United States 3463:The Communist Party of the United States 3060: 3058: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 1151:, held November 28 to December 1, 1943. 496:Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party 445:, founder of an organization called the 6578:Industrial Workers of the World members 4564:American Communism in Crisis, 1943–1957 4458:New York: New Century Publishers, 1946. 4414:New York: New Century Publishers, 1946. 4112:The Rise and Fall of American Communism 4096:The Rise and Fall of American Communism 4083:The Rise and Fall of American Communism 4070:The Rise and Fall of American Communism 4052:The Rise and Fall of American Communism 4039:The Rise and Fall of American Communism 3952:Quoted in Klehr, Haynes, and Anderson, 2931: 2795:) New York : Workers School, 1943. 2742:. New York : Workers School, 1942. 2096:The Communists on Education and the War 835:American League Against War and Fascism 5530:American Committee for Spanish Freedom 4688:Newspaper clippings about Earl Browder 4502:The Secret World of American Communism 4018:The Soviet World of American Communism 4005:The Soviet World of American Communism 3972:The Soviet World of American Communism 3954:The Soviet World of American Communism 3925:The Soviet World of American Communism 3909:The Soviet World of American Communism 3896:The Soviet World of American Communism 3123:. New York: Basic Books, 1984; pg. 25. 2713:The meaning of the Palestine partition 2365:Browder's Speech to National Committee 2308:Economic Problems of the War and Peace 2104:. Calif. : The Committee, 1940. 1983:America and the Second Imperialist War 1614:Is Planning Possible Under Capitalism? 1548:Class Struggle vs. Class Collaboration 1406:decrypt #588 April 29, 1944, from the 1292:, as well as Stalin's right-hand man, 1219:American communists realized that the 1163:and collaboration in the same world." 1135:as essential to the cause of victory. 1096:On December 7, 1941, the air force of 1089:troops, led by Nazi Germany, launched 465:. Browder was aggressively opposed to 6563:Cold War history of the United States 4552:Jerrold Schecter and Leona Schecter, 2555:Yonkers, N.Y. : The author, 1952 2472:Chinese Lessons for American Marxists 2441:The Coming Economic Crisis in America 1991:San Francisco: Communist Party, 1939. 1700:. New York: Yidburo Publishers, 1936. 1567:China and American Imperialist Policy 1073:, who transported him by rail to the 417:In 1907, Browder, age 16, joined the 7: 6553:American people in the Venona papers 2827:Browder's position on the resolution 2042:An American Foreign Policy for Peace 2011:—Keynote address to 11th Convention. 1065:on appeal on June 24, 1940, and the 954:. Germany's September 1 invasion of 934:looking on, Soviet foreign minister 6558:American spies for the Soviet Union 6533:American anti–World War I activists 4493:John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, 4405:On the struggle against revisionism 2895:Yonkers, N.Y. : Earl Browder, 2515:Modern resurrections & miracles 2289:. New York: Communist Party?, 1944. 2287:A Lincoln's Birthday Message to You 1743:Hearst's "Secret" Documents in Full 1592:The Fight for Bread: Keynote Speech 1336:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1302:United States Department of Justice 664:Pan Pacific Trade Union Secretariat 574:Pan-Pacific Trade Union Secretariat 548:in the establishment of a new mass 447:Syndicalist League of North America 195:Syndicalist League of North America 6573:Members of the Communist Party USA 4664:Newspaper articles on Earl Browder 4277:Secret World of American Communism 4264:Secret World of American Communism 2871:) New York, N.Y: New Century, 1945 2437:. Yonkers, NY: Earl Browder, 1948. 2409:. Yonkers, NY: Earl Browder, 1948. 2379:. Yonkers, NY: Earl Browder, 1947. 2345:. New York, N.Y: New Century, 1945 2323:Teheran: Our Path in War and Peace 2147:The Way Out of the Imperialist War 1979:. New York: Communist Party, 1939. 1727:. New York: Communist Party, 1936. 1477:on June 27, 1973. His three sons, 1100:launched a sudden and devastating 865:, based upon the inevitability of 796:Social Democratic Party of Germany 25: 6608:20th-century American politicians 4398:Earl Browder: the man from Kansas 2994:, The Roots of American Communism 2981:, The Roots of American Communism 2961:, The Roots of American Communism 2801:(with William Gallacher) Sydney: 2017:The People against the War-Makers 1839:New Steps to Win the War in Spain 531:Red International of Labor Unions 310:Red International of Labor Unions 6588:Politicians from Wichita, Kansas 5651:Relations with African Americans 4412:Marxism–Leninism vs. Revisionism 4388:Marxism–Leninism vs. Revisionism 4368:. New York: The Committee, 1942. 4315:Whitman, Alden (June 28, 1973). 2608:The World's Trade Union Movement 2517:Yonkers, N.Y: Earl Browder, 1950 2351:New York, N.Y: New Century, 1945 2268:A Talk About the Communist Party 2183:Earl Browder on the Soviet Union 1171:leadership by Browder's nemesis 510:(UCP), as well as the fledgling 504:Communist Labor Party of America 271: 6568:Communist Party USA politicians 4718:General Secretary of the CPUSA 4618:The Radical Pamphlet Collection 4594:. New York: Random House, 1999. 4580:. New York: Enigma Books, 2008. 2641:“The Agrarian Problem in China” 2521:Toward an American peace policy 2403:. New York? : n.p., 1948. 2255:The Mine Strike and Its Lessons 1156:National Committee of the CPUSA 1131:, which was frank in promoting 952:invasion and division of Poland 811:Young People's Socialist League 638:; and Comintern Representative 535:Industrial Workers of the World 453:, an IWW adherent from Kansas. 5355:Aptheker v. Secretary of State 4678:, Audio recording, circa 1948. 4644:Works by or about Earl Browder 4549:, v. 1, no. 2 (December 2002). 4521:. New York: Basic Books, 1984. 4469:"Congress: Children of Moscow" 4146:, Marxists website, March 1950 2733:The Path of Browder and Foster 2561:Yonkers, N.Y: E. Browder 1952 2543:Yonkers, N.Y: E. Browder 1951 2447:More about the economic crisis 2407:Labor and Socialism in America 2355:The press and America's future 2090:Mr. Browder Goes to Washington 1786:Trotskyism Against World Peace 1641:Communism in the United States 1556:Civil War in Nationalist China 720:International Unemployment Day 512:Trade Union Educational League 326:Soviet intelligence in America 322:President of the United States 1: 5637:San Francisco Workers' School 5400:Keyishian v. Board of Regents 4573:. Boston: Little Brown, 1994. 4016:Klehr, Haynes, and Anderson, 3970:Klehr, Haynes, and Anderson, 3923:Klehr, Haynes, and Anderson, 3907:Klehr, Haynes, and Anderson, 2579:Yonkers, N.Y.: Browder, 1960. 2523:Yonkers, N.Y: The author 1950 2511:Yonkers, N.Y: The author 1950 2503:Yonkers, N.Y: The author 1950 2455:, New York? : s.n., 1949 2423:New York: Earl Browder, 1948. 2415:New York? : n.p., 1948. 2373:. Yonkers: Earl Browder, 1946 2240:Wage Policy in War Production 2024:The Jewish People and the War 1950:Unity for Peace and Democracy 1674:The People's Front in America 1586:Secret Hoover-Laval War Pacts 1533:Cooperative League of America 926:With German Foreign Minister 894:Works Progress Administration 6457:Vladimir Mikhaylovich Petrov 2766:. New York: New masses 1943. 2637:, no. 26, February 14, 1929. 2293:The meaning of the elections 2189:The Economics of All-Out War 1847:Social and National Security 1580:War Against Workers' Russia! 1498:Hermitage Capital Management 1075:Atlanta Federal Penitentiary 739:11th Plenum of the Comintern 708:October 24 Wall Street Crash 439:American Federation of Labor 4692:20th Century Press Archives 4262:Klehr, Haynes, and Firsov, 4131:, 1, no. 2 (December 2002). 2775:: Central Committee of the 2449:New York? : s.n., 1949 2443:New York? : n.p., 1949 2430:. n.c.: Earl Browder, 1948. 2248:Make 1943 the Decisive Year 2195:One Year Since Pearl Harbor 1965:Socialism, War, and America 1942:Theory as a Guide to Action 1067:United States Supreme Court 821:Still perceiving President 732:International Workers Order 546:Chicago Federation of Labor 332:, Browder was indicted for 6639: 5883:Julius and Ethel Rosenberg 5672:Young Communist League USA 4547:American Communist History 4275:Klehr, Haynes, and Firsov 4129:American Communist History 2799:Jew-baiting is cannibalism 2777:Australian Communist Party 2584:Articles and introductions 2485:. Yonkers, NY: s.n., 1949. 2115:The Second Imperialist War 2066:A Letter from Earl Browder 2007:The People's Road to Peace 1712:Lincoln and the Communists 1353:The Mike Wallace Interview 1009:U.S. Department of Justice 843:League of American Writers 792:Communist Party of Germany 500:Communist Party of America 431:William "Big Bill" Haywood 419:Socialist Party of America 190:Socialist Party of America 6538:American Comintern people 6432:Alexander Gregory Barmine 6237: 5679:Young Pioneers of America 4723: 4716: 4708: 4703: 4639:Marxists Internet Archive 4232:Affidavit of Louis Budenz 2803:Current Book Distribution 2784:The heritage of Jefferson 2479:, NY: Earl Browder, 1949. 2385:New York: A.A. Wyn, 1947. 2383:War or Peace with Russia? 2342:America's Decisive Battle 1383:, after the defection of 1209:Les Cahiers du communisme 1207:'s theoretical magazine, 1007:(HUAC), learned that the 861:The stark phraseology of 599:in early 1927 to mid-1929 498:quit the SPA to form the 279: 135: 100: 62: 50: 41: 5991:Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh 5721:Soviet and Russian spies 5565:International Publishers 5537:Bill of Rights socialism 5434:Watkins v. United States 4704:Party political offices 4531:Roger Elliot Rosenberg, 4003:and Anderson, Kyrill M. 2529:. s.l. : s.n., 1951 2453:War, peace and socialism 1506:fall of the Soviet Union 1332:Twentieth Party Congress 946:known to history as the 492:Leavenworth Penitentiary 316:and the Pacific region. 5607:New York Workers School 5418:Scales v. United States 5382:Dennis v. United States 4610:Jack T. Ericson (ed.), 3938:Which Side Were You On? 3883:Which Side Were You On? 3870:Which Side Were You On? 3854:Which Side Were You On? 3841:Which Side Were You On? 3828:Which Side Were You On? 3812:Which Side Were You On? 3796:Which Side Were You On? 3779:Which Side Were You On? 3761:Which Side Were You On? 3745:Which Side Were You On? 3732:Which Side Were You On? 3719:Which Side Were You On? 3703:Which Side Were You On? 3690:Which Side Were You On? 3677:Which Side Were You On? 3664:Which Side Were You On? 3567:Which Side Were You On? 3554:Which Side Were You On? 3496:Which Side Were You On? 3427:Which Side Were You On? 3414:Which Side Were You On? 3357:Which Side Were You On? 3344:Which Side Were You On? 3331:Which Side Were You On? 2652:Technocracy and Marxism 2645:The Pan-Pacific Monthly 2635:The Pan-Pacific Monthly 2616:Trade Unions in America 2571:Duell, Sloan and Pearce 2489:Keynes, Foster and Marx 1469:Personal life and death 948:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 918:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 839:American Youth Congress 523:Communist International 330:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 306:Communist International 6618:Communists from Kansas 6307:John Alexander Symonds 6132:Harold James Nicholson 5986:Christopher John Boyce 5558:English-language press 5443:Yates v. United States 5222:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn 5194:Shirley Graham Du Bois 5103:Rossana Cambron & 4970:(1919–1920; 1922–1927) 4556:. Potomac Books, 2002. 4394:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn 2746:Speed the second front 2707:Sergei Ivanovich Gusev 2535:s.l. : s.n., 1951 2467:S.l. : s.n., 1949 2461:S.l. : s.n., 1949 2397:. Yonkers, NY: , 1948. 2300:Moscow, Cairo, Teheran 2171:Production for Victory 1926:Religion and Communism 1896:A Message to Catholics 1719:Who are the Americans? 1662:Religion and Communism 1242: 1205:French Communist Party 1054:statute of limitations 1042:Young Communist League 975:invaded Eastern Poland 939: 928:Joachim von Ribbentrop 837:(September 1933), the 807:Young Communist League 767: 703: 600: 525:(Comintern) headed by 508:United Communist Party 409: 298:conscientious objector 6623:Activists from Kansas 6370:Stephen Joseph Ratkai 5644:Soviet Negro Republic 5551:Communist Labor Party 5409:Noto v. United States 5187:Benjamin J. Davis Jr. 5000:L. E. Katterfeld 4968:C. E. Ruthenberg 4524:Fraser M. Ottanelli, 4477:, September 18, 1939. 4384:Cahiers du Communisme 4382:. First published in 4343:Contemporary material 2135:Communism and Culture 1620:What is the New Deal? 1475:Princeton, New Jersey 1288:, former head of the 1237: 1003:(D), chairman of the 944:non-aggression treaty 925: 823:Franklin D. Roosevelt 765: 694: 617:ultra-radical program 591: 407: 378:Princeton, New Jersey 361:Franklin D. Roosevelt 342:Franklin D. Roosevelt 179:Princeton, New Jersey 5908:Nadezhda Ulanovskaya 5600:National conventions 5292:William L. Patterson 4635:Earl Browder Archive 4538:James Gilbert Ryan, 4172:Kathryn S. Olmsted, 3852:Quoted in Isserman, 3839:Quoted in Isserman, 3730:Quoted in Isserman, 2849:) Washington, D.C.: 2668:Karl Marx, 1883–1933 2577:Socialism in America 1195:With the end of the 1161:peaceful coexistence 1091:Operation Barbarossa 758:Popular front leader 286:Earl Russell Browder 149:Earl Russell Browder 18:Earl Russell Browder 6543:American communists 6091:John Anthony Walker 6041:Clayton J. Lonetree 5981:David Sheldon Boone 5903:Alexander Ulanovsky 5868:William Ward Pigman 5572:Language federation 4767:Communist Party USA 4622:Library of Congress 4588:Aleksandr Vassiliev 4403:William Z. Foster, 4296:. November 11, 2018 2647:, no. 26, May 1929. 2497:. Yonkers, N.Y 1950 2491:. Yonkers, N.Y 1950 2153:The Road to Victory 1521:Books and pamphlets 1133:class collaboration 979:partition of Poland 878:cult of personality 858:collective security 782:. With the rise of 724:Unemployed Councils 290:Communist Party USA 200:Communist Party USA 57:Communist Party USA 6462:Fyodor Raskolnikov 6297:Michael John Smith 6031:Andrew Daulton Lee 6021:Robert Lee Johnson 5933:Harry Dexter White 5768:Whittaker Chambers 5665:Yokinen Show Trial 5373:De Jonge v. Oregon 5264:Antoinette Konikow 5236:Dorothy Ray Healey 4976:Alfred Wagenknecht 4560:Joseph R. Starobin 4507:Maurice Isserman, 4450:Robert G. Thompson 4352:. New York: n.d. . 4321:The New York Times 4249:2012-03-30 at the 3445:Fraser Ottanelli, 3316:Maurice Isserman, 2661:Vyacheslav Molotov 2232:Policy for Victory 2161:[n.c.: n.p., 1941. 1903:The People's Front 1775:What Is Communism? 1457:(later changed to 1385:Whittaker Chambers 1314:F. Dickinson Letts 1294:Viacheslav Molotov 1282:Distributors Guide 1227:An interview with 1117:Vyacheslav Molotov 1058:Nicholas Dozenberg 940: 936:Vyacheslav Molotov 930:and Soviet leader 831:mass organizations 768: 704: 687:Rise to leadership 601: 550:Farmer-Labor Party 410: 369:internal red scare 6548:American Marxists 6510: 6509: 6330: 6329: 6201:Portland spy ring 6147: 6146: 6016:Edward Lee Howard 5753:Elizabeth Bentley 5688: 5687: 5614:Non-English press 5586:Lincoln Battalion 5517: 5516: 5313:Charles E. Taylor 5250:Oakley C. Johnson 5131:William Albertson 5116:Prominent members 5072:William Z. Foster 5048:William Z. Foster 5018:(1922; 1927–1929) 5008:William Weinstone 4955: 4954: 4865:Vice Presidential 4826:Charlene Mitchell 4790:William Z. Foster 4733: 4732: 4724:Succeeded by 4660: 4654:The Workers World 4599:Archival material 4482:Secondary sources 4461:Robert Thompson, 4378:Duclos, Jacques. 4212:Haynes, John Earl 4001:Haynes, John Earl 3792:Victory and After 2869:William Patterson 2758:William Gallacher 2657:William Z. Foster 2625:William Z. Foster 2401:Answer to Vronsky 2391:. New York: 1947. 2201:When Do we Fight? 2165:Victory—and after 2141:Earl Browder Says 2012: 1831:China and the USA 1463:Elizabeth Bentley 1173:William Z. Foster 1149:Tehran Conference 1129:Victory and After 1025:J. Parnell Thomas 973:The Soviet Union 786:to Chancellor of 609:William Z. Foster 488:The Workers World 456:Browder moved to 443:William Z. Foster 374:Yonkers, New York 283: 282: 91:William Z. Foster 80:William Z. Foster 16:(Redirected from 6630: 6502:Stig Wennerström 6447:Walter Krivitsky 6312:Edith Tudor-Hart 6242:Michael Bettaney 6159: 6138:Illegals Program 6086:George Trofimoff 6056:Earl Edwin Pitts 5833:William Malisoff 5808:David Greenglass 5736:1940s and before 5733: 5715: 5708: 5701: 5692: 5681: 5674: 5667: 5660: 5653: 5646: 5639: 5632: 5625: 5616: 5609: 5602: 5595: 5588: 5581: 5574: 5567: 5560: 5553: 5546: 5539: 5532: 5522:Related articles 5510: 5503: 5485: 5478: 5471: 5458: 5446: 5437: 5428: 5426:Smith Act trials 5421: 5412: 5403: 5394: 5385: 5376: 5367: 5358: 5349: 5329: 5322: 5315: 5308: 5301: 5294: 5287: 5285:Karl Emil Nygard 5280: 5273: 5271:Claude Lightfoot 5266: 5259: 5252: 5245: 5238: 5231: 5224: 5217: 5210: 5203: 5196: 5189: 5182: 5175: 5173:Ella Reeve Bloor 5168: 5161: 5159:Walter Bernstein 5154: 5147: 5140: 5138:Herbert Aptheker 5133: 5126: 5108: 5099: 5091: 5083: 5075: 5067: 5059: 5051: 5043: 5035: 5027: 5019: 5011: 5003: 4995: 4987: 4979: 4971: 4948: 4932: 4916: 4904: 4884: 4857: 4833: 4821: 4805: 4779: 4768: 4759: 4752: 4745: 4736: 4709:Preceded by 4701: 4672: 4658: 4648:Internet Archive 4488:John Earl Haynes 4332: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4286: 4280: 4273: 4267: 4260: 4254: 4241: 4235: 4229: 4223: 4209: 4203: 4196: 4190: 4183: 4177: 4170: 4164: 4158: 4147: 4138: 4132: 4121: 4115: 4108: 4099: 4092: 4086: 4079: 4073: 4066: 4055: 4048: 4042: 4032: 4021: 4014: 4008: 3994: 3988: 3981: 3975: 3968: 3957: 3950: 3941: 3934: 3928: 3921: 3912: 3905: 3899: 3892: 3886: 3879: 3873: 3866: 3857: 3850: 3844: 3837: 3831: 3824: 3815: 3808: 3799: 3788: 3782: 3775: 3764: 3757:The Daily Worker 3754: 3748: 3741: 3735: 3728: 3722: 3715: 3706: 3699: 3693: 3686: 3680: 3673: 3667: 3660: 3654: 3647: 3641: 3634: 3628: 3621: 3612: 3605: 3599: 3592: 3586: 3579: 3570: 3563: 3557: 3550: 3544: 3537: 3528: 3521: 3515: 3505: 3499: 3492: 3479: 3472: 3466: 3459: 3450: 3443: 3430: 3423: 3417: 3410: 3404: 3397: 3391: 3384: 3378: 3371: 3360: 3353: 3347: 3340: 3334: 3327: 3321: 3314: 3305: 3298: 3289: 3282: 3276: 3269: 3260: 3253: 3247: 3240: 3234: 3227: 3221: 3214: 3208: 3201: 3192: 3185: 3179: 3174:Quoted in Ryan, 3172: 3166: 3159: 3153: 3146: 3137: 3130: 3124: 3117: 3111: 3104: 3095: 3088: 3082: 3075: 3069: 3062: 3053: 3046: 3040: 3033: 3027: 3020: 2997: 2990: 2984: 2977: 2964: 2957: 2944: 2943: 2936: 2793:Francis Franklin 2604:Solomon Lozovsky 2225:George Dimitroff 2010: 1958:Whose War is It? 1793:Talks to America 1424:Washington, D.C. 1323:, the dissident 1286:Solomon Lozovsky 1250:John Earl Haynes 1001:Martin Dies, Jr. 882:Maurice Isserman 875: 854:election of 1936 841:(1935), and the 712:Great Depression 681:Bertram D. Wolfe 672:Solomon Lozovsky 527:Grigory Zinoviev 516:The Labor Herald 338:US Supreme Court 275: 260: 259:(great-grandson) 252: 175: 158: 156: 140:Personal details 126: 114: 105: 88: 76: 67: 55:Chairman of the 46: 32: 21: 6638: 6637: 6633: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6628: 6627: 6513: 6512: 6511: 6506: 6452:Kerttu Nuorteva 6442:Dieter Gerhardt 6424: 6418: 6394:Hirohide Ishida 6379: 6365:Gerda Munsinger 6350:Jeffrey Delisle 6326: 6302:Dave Springhall 6257:Litzi Friedmann 6233: 6195: 6181:John Cairncross 6143: 6112:Evgeny Buryakov 6100: 6096:Jerry Whitworth 6081:Robert Thompson 5957: 5953:Anatoli Yatskov 5913:Julian Wadleigh 5722: 5719: 5689: 5684: 5677: 5670: 5663: 5656: 5649: 5642: 5635: 5630:Red diaper baby 5628: 5619: 5612: 5605: 5598: 5591: 5584: 5577: 5570: 5563: 5556: 5549: 5542: 5535: 5528: 5513: 5506: 5499: 5488: 5481: 5474: 5467: 5449: 5440: 5431: 5424: 5415: 5406: 5397: 5388: 5379: 5370: 5361: 5352: 5343: 5332: 5325: 5318: 5311: 5304: 5297: 5290: 5283: 5276: 5269: 5262: 5255: 5248: 5243:Manning Johnson 5241: 5234: 5227: 5220: 5213: 5206: 5199: 5192: 5185: 5178: 5171: 5166:Marc Blitzstein 5164: 5157: 5150: 5143: 5136: 5129: 5122: 5111: 5102: 5094: 5086: 5078: 5070: 5062: 5054: 5046: 5038: 5030: 5024:James P. Cannon 5022: 5014: 5006: 4998: 4990: 4982: 4974: 4966: 4951: 4935: 4919: 4907: 4887: 4873:Benjamin Gitlow 4871: 4860: 4836: 4824: 4808: 4788: 4770: 4766: 4763: 4729: 4720: 4714: 4670: 4631: 4584:Allen Weinstein 4340: 4338:Further reading 4335: 4325: 4323: 4314: 4313: 4309: 4299: 4297: 4288: 4287: 4283: 4274: 4270: 4261: 4257: 4251:Wayback Machine 4242: 4238: 4230: 4226: 4210: 4206: 4197: 4193: 4184: 4180: 4171: 4167: 4159: 4150: 4139: 4135: 4123:James G. Ryan, 4122: 4118: 4109: 4102: 4093: 4089: 4080: 4076: 4067: 4058: 4049: 4045: 4035:Philip J. Jaffe 4033: 4024: 4015: 4011: 3995: 3991: 3982: 3978: 3969: 3960: 3951: 3944: 3935: 3931: 3922: 3915: 3906: 3902: 3893: 3889: 3880: 3876: 3867: 3860: 3851: 3847: 3838: 3834: 3825: 3818: 3809: 3802: 3789: 3785: 3776: 3767: 3755: 3751: 3742: 3738: 3729: 3725: 3716: 3709: 3700: 3696: 3687: 3683: 3674: 3670: 3661: 3657: 3648: 3644: 3635: 3631: 3622: 3615: 3606: 3602: 3593: 3589: 3580: 3573: 3564: 3560: 3551: 3547: 3538: 3531: 3522: 3518: 3506: 3502: 3493: 3482: 3473: 3469: 3460: 3453: 3444: 3433: 3424: 3420: 3411: 3407: 3398: 3394: 3385: 3381: 3372: 3363: 3354: 3350: 3341: 3337: 3328: 3324: 3315: 3308: 3299: 3292: 3283: 3279: 3270: 3263: 3254: 3250: 3241: 3237: 3228: 3224: 3215: 3211: 3202: 3195: 3186: 3182: 3173: 3169: 3160: 3156: 3147: 3140: 3131: 3127: 3118: 3114: 3105: 3098: 3089: 3085: 3076: 3072: 3063: 3056: 3047: 3043: 3034: 3030: 3022:James G. Ryan, 3021: 3000: 2992:Theodore Draper 2991: 2987: 2979:Theodore Draper 2978: 2967: 2959:Theodore Draper 2958: 2947: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2902: 2881:C. Wright Mills 2847:George Sokolsky 2843:Theodore Granik 2357:New York, N.Y: 1800:Lenin and Spain 1518: 1471: 1451:Iskhak Akhmerov 1435:Georgi Dimitrov 1348: 1310:Joseph McCarthy 1278: 1193: 1083: 920: 911:shortwave radio 907:Georgi Dimitrov 873: 760: 747:angina pectoris 689: 640:Boris Mikhailov 615:(ECCI) and the 597:C.E. Ruthenberg 586: 539:Federated Press 484: 451:James P. Cannon 435:Theodore Draper 415: 402: 390:Wichita, Kansas 386: 376:, and later in 263: 258: 250: 236: 198: 193: 186:Political party 177: 173: 162:Wichita, Kansas 160: 154: 152: 151: 150: 124: 112: 106: 101: 86: 74: 68: 63: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6636: 6634: 6626: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6613:Browder family 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6515: 6514: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6477:Vitaly Shlykov 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6428: 6426: 6425:in combination 6420: 6419: 6417: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6390: 6388: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6341: 6339: 6332: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6287:Geoffrey Prime 6284: 6279: 6274: 6272:Melita Norwood 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6224:Harry Houghton 6221: 6216: 6211: 6205: 6203: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6193: 6188: 6186:Donald Maclean 6183: 6178: 6173: 6167: 6165: 6163:Cambridge Five 6156: 6149: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6141: 6134: 6129: 6127:Robert Hanssen 6124: 6119: 6114: 6108: 6106: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6046:Richard Miller 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6011:Reino Häyhänen 6008: 6006:Robert Hanssen 6003: 6001:James Hall III 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5967: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5950: 5948:Flora Wovschin 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5928:Nathaniel Weyl 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5798:Harold Glasser 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5739: 5737: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5717: 5710: 5703: 5695: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5682: 5675: 5668: 5661: 5654: 5647: 5640: 5633: 5626: 5622:People's World 5617: 5610: 5603: 5596: 5589: 5582: 5575: 5568: 5561: 5554: 5547: 5540: 5533: 5525: 5523: 5519: 5518: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5511: 5504: 5496: 5494: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5486: 5479: 5472: 5464: 5462: 5455: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5447: 5438: 5429: 5422: 5413: 5404: 5395: 5391:Kent v. Dulles 5386: 5377: 5368: 5359: 5350: 5340: 5338: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5330: 5327:Richard Wright 5323: 5316: 5309: 5302: 5295: 5288: 5281: 5274: 5267: 5260: 5253: 5246: 5239: 5232: 5225: 5218: 5215:Albert Goldman 5211: 5208:Richard Durham 5204: 5197: 5190: 5183: 5176: 5169: 5162: 5155: 5148: 5141: 5134: 5127: 5119: 5117: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5109: 5107:(2019–present) 5100: 5092: 5084: 5076: 5068: 5060: 5052: 5044: 5036: 5032:Caleb Harrison 5028: 5020: 5012: 5004: 4996: 4988: 4980: 4972: 4963: 4961: 4957: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4949: 4933: 4917: 4905: 4885: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4858: 4834: 4822: 4806: 4785: 4783: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4764: 4762: 4761: 4754: 4747: 4739: 4731: 4730: 4725: 4722: 4715: 4710: 4706: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4685: 4679: 4667: 4661: 4650: 4641: 4630: 4629:External links 4627: 4626: 4625: 4615: 4608: 4601: 4600: 4596: 4595: 4581: 4574: 4567: 4557: 4550: 4543: 4536: 4529: 4522: 4512: 4505: 4498: 4491: 4484: 4483: 4479: 4478: 4466: 4459: 4447: 4437: 4427: 4415: 4408: 4401: 4391: 4376: 4369: 4362: 4353: 4345: 4344: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4333: 4307: 4281: 4268: 4255: 4236: 4224: 4204: 4191: 4178: 4165: 4148: 4133: 4116: 4100: 4098:, pp. 141-142. 4087: 4085:, pp. 140–141. 4074: 4056: 4043: 4022: 4009: 3989: 3976: 3958: 3942: 3929: 3913: 3900: 3887: 3874: 3858: 3845: 3832: 3816: 3800: 3790:Earl Browder, 3783: 3765: 3749: 3736: 3723: 3707: 3694: 3681: 3668: 3655: 3642: 3640:, pp. 182–183. 3629: 3613: 3600: 3587: 3571: 3558: 3545: 3529: 3527:, pp. 174–175. 3516: 3500: 3480: 3478:. pp. 198–199. 3467: 3451: 3431: 3418: 3405: 3403:, pp. 130–131. 3392: 3390:, pp. 128–129. 3379: 3361: 3348: 3335: 3322: 3306: 3290: 3277: 3261: 3248: 3235: 3222: 3209: 3193: 3180: 3167: 3154: 3138: 3125: 3119:Harvey Klehr, 3112: 3096: 3083: 3070: 3054: 3041: 3028: 2998: 2985: 2965: 2945: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2919: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2901: 2898: 2897: 2896: 2888: 2872: 2865:Benjamin Davis 2854: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2806: 2796: 2780: 2767: 2761: 2749: 2743: 2736: 2730: 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6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6202: 6198: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6171:Anthony Blunt 6169: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6150: 6140: 6139: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6122:Peter Debbins 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6107: 6103: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6076:Oscar Seborer 6074: 6072: 6071:Robert Soblen 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6051:Ronald Pelton 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5960: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5923:Bill Weisband 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5898:Morton Sobell 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5888:Alfred Sarant 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5848:Isaiah Oggins 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5818:John Herrmann 5816: 5814: 5813:Theodore Hall 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5783:Judith Coplon 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5725: 5716: 5711: 5709: 5704: 5702: 5697: 5696: 5693: 5680: 5676: 5673: 5669: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5655: 5652: 5648: 5645: 5641: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5618: 5615: 5611: 5608: 5604: 5601: 5597: 5594: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5580: 5576: 5573: 5569: 5566: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5552: 5548: 5545: 5541: 5538: 5534: 5531: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5520: 5509: 5505: 5502: 5498: 5497: 5495: 5491: 5484: 5480: 5477: 5473: 5470: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5459: 5456: 5454:State parties 5452: 5445: 5444: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5427: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5396: 5393: 5392: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5369: 5366: 5365: 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Ford 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4863: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4780: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4760: 4755: 4753: 4748: 4746: 4741: 4740: 4737: 4728: 4727:Eugene Dennis 4719: 4713: 4712:Jay Lovestone 4707: 4702: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4680: 4677: 4673: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4651: 4649: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4628: 4623: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4598: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4565: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4551: 4548: 4544: 4541: 4537: 4534: 4530: 4527: 4523: 4520: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4506: 4503: 4499: 4496: 4492: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4475: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4460: 4457: 4456: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4438: 4435: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4409: 4406: 4402: 4399: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4374: 4370: 4367: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4354: 4351: 4347: 4346: 4342: 4341: 4337: 4322: 4318: 4311: 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3003: 2999: 2995: 2989: 2986: 2982: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2911:Popular Front 2909: 2907: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2815:Harold Lavine 2812: 2811: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2790: 2789:Claude Bowers 2786: 2785: 2781: 2778: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2685: 2681: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2609: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2509: 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1549: 1545: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1420:Charles Flato 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1367: 1362: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1321:Max Shachtman 1317: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1303: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1260: 1259:Eugene Dennis 1254: 1251: 1247: 1241: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1222: 1221:Duclos letter 1217: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1168: 1164: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1124: 1120: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1080: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1002: 996: 992: 988: 986: 985: 984:fait accompli 980: 976: 971: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 937: 933: 932:Joseph Stalin 929: 924: 917: 915: 912: 909:to establish 908: 903: 900: 895: 889: 887: 883: 879: 870: 868: 864: 859: 855: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 827: 824: 819: 816: 815:Norman Thomas 812: 808: 804: 799: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 776:popular front 773: 764: 757: 755: 751: 748: 742: 740: 735: 733: 727: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 701: 700:Jay Lovestone 697: 693: 686: 684: 682: 676: 673: 667: 665: 661: 657: 653: 647: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 605:Jay Lovestone 598: 594: 593:Jay Lovestone 590: 583: 581: 579: 578:Pacific basin 575: 571: 568:and lived in 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 542: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 521:In 1920, the 519: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 481: 479: 476: 475:Espionage Act 472: 468: 464: 459: 454: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 412: 406: 399: 397: 395: 391: 383: 381: 379: 375: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 345: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 317: 315: 311: 307: 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Jakira 4937:Angela Davis 4921:Jarvis Tyner 4810:Earl Browder 4809: 4782:Presidential 4717: 4653: 4611: 4591: 4577: 4570: 4563: 4553: 4546: 4539: 4532: 4525: 4518: 4515:Harvey Klehr 4508: 4501: 4494: 4472: 4462: 4454: 4441: 4433: 4422: 4411: 4404: 4397: 4387: 4383: 4372: 4365: 4357: 4349: 4326:September 2, 4324:. Retrieved 4320: 4310: 4298:. Retrieved 4293: 4284: 4276: 4271: 4263: 4258: 4239: 4231: 4227: 4219: 4207: 4199: 4194: 4189:, pp. 22–23. 4186: 4181: 4173: 4168: 4141: 4136: 4128: 4124: 4119: 4111: 4095: 4090: 4082: 4077: 4069: 4051: 4046: 4038: 4017: 4012: 4004: 3992: 3984: 3979: 3971: 3953: 3940:pp. 192–193. 3937: 3932: 3924: 3911:, pp. 93–94. 3908: 3903: 3895: 3890: 3882: 3877: 3869: 3853: 3848: 3840: 3835: 3827: 3811: 3798:pp. 145–146. 3795: 3791: 3786: 3778: 3763:pp. 134–135. 3760: 3756: 3752: 3747:pp. 132–133. 3744: 3739: 3731: 3726: 3718: 3705:pp. 130–131. 3702: 3697: 3689: 3684: 3676: 3671: 3663: 3658: 3651:Earl Browder 3650: 3645: 3638:Earl Browder 3637: 3632: 3625:Earl Browder 3624: 3609:Earl Browder 3608: 3603: 3596:Earl Browder 3595: 3590: 3583:Earl Browder 3582: 3566: 3561: 3553: 3548: 3541:Earl Browder 3540: 3525:Earl Browder 3524: 3519: 3509: 3503: 3495: 3475: 3470: 3462: 3446: 3426: 3421: 3413: 3408: 3401:Earl Browder 3400: 3395: 3388:Earl Browder 3387: 3382: 3375:Earl Browder 3374: 3356: 3351: 3343: 3338: 3330: 3325: 3317: 3302:Earl Browder 3301: 3288:, pp. 77–78. 3286:Earl Browder 3285: 3280: 3273:Earl Browder 3272: 3257:Earl Browder 3256: 3251: 3246:, pp. 59–60. 3244:Earl Browder 3243: 3238: 3231:Earl Browder 3230: 3225: 3218:Earl Browder 3217: 3212: 3205:Earl Browder 3204: 3189:Earl Browder 3188: 3183: 3176:Earl Browder 3175: 3170: 3163:Earl Browder 3162: 3157: 3150:Earl Browder 3149: 3134:Earl Browder 3133: 3128: 3120: 3115: 3108:Earl Browder 3107: 3094:, pp. 45–46. 3092:Earl Browder 3091: 3086: 3079:Earl Browder 3078: 3073: 3066:Earl Browder 3065: 3050:Earl Browder 3049: 3044: 3039:, pp. 37–38. 3037:Earl Browder 3036: 3031: 3023: 2993: 2988: 2980: 2960: 2934: 2890: 2884: 2875: 2856: 2838: 2826: 2820: 2809: 2798: 2783: 2769: 2763: 2752: 2745: 2738: 2732: 2726: 2719: 2712: 2702: 2695: 2689:Jack Stachel 2683: 2667: 2651: 2644: 2634: 2621:James Cannon 2615: 2607: 2593: 2576: 2569:. New York: 2564: 2558: 2552: 2546: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2471: 2464: 2458: 2452: 2446: 2440: 2434: 2433:"Americus", 2427: 2418: 2412: 2406: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2359:Daily Worker 2354: 2348: 2341: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2315: 2307: 2299: 2292: 2286: 2280: 2274: 2267: 2260: 2254: 2247: 2239: 2231: 2224: 2218: 2212: 2206: 2200: 2194: 2188: 2182: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2127: 2120: 2114: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2053: 2047: 2041: 2035: 2029: 2023: 2016: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1971:Stop the War 1970: 1964: 1957: 1949: 1941: 1933: 1925: 1917: 1909: 1902: 1895: 1887: 1879: 1872: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1846: 1838: 1830: 1822: 1815: 1809: 1799: 1792: 1785: 1774: 1767: 1760: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1736: 1730: 1724: 1718: 1711: 1703: 1696: 1688: 1680: 1673: 1667: 1661: 1654: 1647: 1640: 1633: 1626: 1619: 1613: 1606: 1598: 1591: 1585: 1579: 1574:Out of a Job 1573: 1566: 1555: 1547: 1539: 1527: 1494:Bill Browder 1491: 1472: 1458: 1454: 1446: 1432: 1416:Victor Perlo 1401: 1397:Leon Trotsky 1393:Louis Budenz 1370: 1363: 1358:Mike Wallace 1351: 1349: 1329: 1318: 1307: 1298: 1281: 1279: 1269: 1266:mimeographed 1263: 1255: 1246:Harvey Klehr 1243: 1238: 1232: 1226: 1218: 1208: 1194: 1185: 1169: 1165: 1153: 1141: 1137: 1128: 1125: 1121: 1114: 1110:Robert Minor 1095: 1084: 1081:World War II 1063: 1050: 1046:Harry Gannes 1034: 1014: 997: 993: 989: 982: 972: 968:World War II 941: 904: 899:isolationism 890: 885: 871: 851: 833:such as the 828: 820: 800: 784:Adolf Hitler 772:Third Period 769: 752: 743: 736: 728: 716:unemployment 705: 677: 668: 648: 632:Robert Minor 625: 602: 562:Kitty Harris 543: 520: 515: 487: 485: 455: 433:. Historian 416: 387: 353:World War II 349:Soviet Union 346: 318: 302:conscription 285: 284: 174:(1973-06-27) 159:May 20, 1891 125:Succeeded by 102: 87:Succeeded by 64: 36:Earl Browder 29: 6528:1973 deaths 6523:1891 births 6482:Herman Simm 6467:Alfred Redl 6423:Elsewhere / 6322:Arthur Wynn 6262:Klaus Fuchs 6252:David Crook 6176:Guy Burgess 6105:Post-Soviet 5996:Jack Dunlap 5971:Rudolf Abel 5943:Nathan Witt 5918:Harold Ware 5893:Saville Sax 5823:Donald Hiss 5793:Klaus Fuchs 5763:Boris Bukov 5180:Anne Burlak 5145:Max Bedacht 5098:(2014–2019) 5090:(2000–2014) 5082:(1959–2000) 5074:(1945–1957) 5066:(1945–1959) 5058:(1934–1945) 5050:(1929–1934) 5042:(1922–1923) 5034:(1921–1922) 5026:(1921–1922) 5010:(1921–1922) 4994:(late 1920) 4986:(1920–1921) 4978:(1919–1921) 4300:February 9, 4294:Vanity Fair 3474:Ottanelli, 3461:Ottanelli, 2916:Jacob Golos 2673:Max Bedacht 2121:The Way Out 1492:Grandchild 1443:Helen Lowry 1366:Jacob Golos 1197:great power 1181:bourgeoisie 1071:US Marshals 970:had begun. 886:apparatchik 652:Vladivostok 628:Max Bedacht 471:imperialist 467:World War I 458:Kansas City 423:syndicalist 294:World War I 202:(1920–1945) 197:(1912–1917) 192:(1907–1920) 118:Max Bedacht 113:Preceded by 75:Preceded by 6517:Categories 6209:Lona Cohen 6191:Kim Philby 6066:Myra Soble 6061:Jack Soble 5803:Harry Gold 5788:Noel Field 5773:Lona Cohen 5658:Ware Group 5544:Browderism 5337:Litigation 5201:Bella Dodd 4721:1929–1945 4430:Gill Green 4418:John Gates 4114:, pg. 142. 4072:, pg. 140. 4054:, pg. 139. 3936:Isserman, 3881:Isserman, 3868:Isserman, 3826:Isserman, 3810:Isserman, 3777:Isserman, 3743:Isserman, 3717:Isserman, 3701:Isserman, 3688:Isserman, 3675:Isserman, 3666:pp. 85–86. 3662:Isserman, 3653:, pg. 192. 3627:, pg. 182. 3611:, pg. 181. 3598:, pg. 180. 3585:, pg. 179. 3565:Isserman, 3556:pp. 49–50. 3552:Isserman, 3543:, pp. 175. 3494:Isserman, 3465:, pg. 198. 3429:pp. 46–47. 3425:Isserman, 3412:Isserman, 3377:, pg. 129. 3359:pp. 14–15. 3355:Isserman, 3342:Isserman, 3329:Isserman, 2927:References 2861:James Ford 2590:Andrés Nin 1777:New York: 1531:New York: 1391:recruiter 1377:Rudy Baker 1325:Trotskyist 1290:Profintern 1216:Marxism". 1029:New Jersey 803:party line 558:Democratic 554:Republican 384:Background 251:(grandson) 155:1891-05-20 6375:Fred Rose 6282:John Peet 6219:Ethel Gee 5863:J. Peters 5748:Joel Barr 5728:In the US 4198:Olmsted, 4185:Olmsted, 4020:, pg. 96. 3974:, pg. 95. 3956:, pg. 95. 3927:, pg. 94. 3304:, pg. 78. 3275:, pg. 76. 3259:, pg. 59. 3233:, pg. 58. 3220:, pg. 55. 3207:, pg. 54. 3191:, pg. 53. 3178:, pg. 53. 3165:, pg. 52. 3152:, pg. 49. 3136:, pg. 47. 3110:, pg. 46. 3081:, pg. 41. 3068:, pg. 40. 3052:, pg. 38. 2996:, pg. 316 2983:, pg. 309 2963:, pg. 308 1381:J. Peters 1346:Espionage 1229:Gil Green 1191:Expulsion 1177:Sam Darcy 644:pseudonym 584:Lovestone 482:Communist 413:Socialist 268:Signature 241:Relatives 107:1930–1945 103:In office 69:1934–1945 65:In office 6345:Sam Carr 5963:Cold War 5743:John Abt 5476:Maryland 5105:Joe Sims 5088:Sam Webb 5080:Gus Hall 4838:Gus Hall 4775:Nominees 4247:Archived 4202:, p. 43. 3885:pg. 191. 3872:pg. 190. 3856:pg. 190. 3843:pg. 188. 3830:pg. 188. 3814:pg. 187. 3781:pg. 145. 3734:pg. 131. 3721:pg. 131. 3692:pg. 108. 3679:pg. 103. 3333:pp. 8–9. 2900:See also 2851:Ransdell 2805:, 1944. 1201:Cold War 1144:Red Army 847:New Deal 778:against 570:Shanghai 564:went to 502:and the 427:sabotage 394:populism 372:home in 365:Cold War 308:and its 215:Children 6152:In the 5501:Alabama 5493:Defunct 5469:Georgia 5461:Current 4960:Leaders 4694:of the 4690:in the 4676:YouTube 4646:at the 4620:at the 4110:Jaffe, 4094:Jaffe, 4081:Jaffe, 4068:Jaffe, 4050:Jaffe, 3569:pg. 55. 3498:pg. 48. 3416:pg. 46. 3346:pg. 14. 2813:. with 2779:, 1944. 2740:Charter 2677:Sam Don 2573:, 1958. 2477:Yonkers 2475:. n.c. 1781:, 1936. 1535:, 1918. 1483:William 1412:Zubilin 1334:of the 1044:leader 1027:(R) of 863:Marxism 788:Germany 780:fascism 660:Pacific 658:on the 656:Siberia 351:during 232:William 6337:Canada 5508:Hawaii 5002:(1921) 4214:, and 3649:Ryan, 3636:Ryan, 3623:Ryan, 3607:Ryan, 3594:Ryan, 3581:Ryan, 3539:Ryan, 3523:Ryan, 3399:Ryan, 3386:Ryan, 3373:Ryan, 3300:Ryan, 3284:Ryan, 3271:Ryan, 3255:Ryan, 3242:Ryan, 3229:Ryan, 3216:Ryan, 3203:Ryan, 3187:Ryan, 3161:Ryan, 3148:Ryan, 3132:Ryan, 3106:Ryan, 3090:Ryan, 3077:Ryan, 3064:Ryan, 3048:Ryan, 3035:Ryan, 2859:(with 2853:, 1946 2841:(with 2787:(with 2773:Sydney 2756:(with 2705:(with 2687:(with 2671:(with 2655:(with 2619:(with 2361:, 1945 1502:Moscow 1487:Andrew 1485:, and 1404:Venona 1373:Venona 1106:Hawaii 960:France 956:Poland 702:(1929) 621:Moscow 400:Career 256:Joshua 227:Andrew 207:Spouse 181:, U.S. 164:, U.S. 6386:Japan 5483:Texas 2922:Notes 1516:Works 1479:Felix 981:as a 566:China 314:China 222:Felix 4945:1984 4941:1980 4929:1976 4925:1972 4913:1968 4901:1940 4897:1936 4893:1932 4881:1928 4877:1924 4854:1984 4850:1980 4846:1976 4842:1972 4830:1968 4818:1940 4814:1936 4802:1932 4798:1928 4794:1924 4586:and 4474:Time 4328:2022 4302:2022 2867:and 2845:and 2791:and 2675:and 2659:and 2623:and 2109:1940 1881:York 1705:1936 1459:ELZA 1428:OGPU 1418:and 1389:NKVD 1087:Axis 1040:and 962:and 556:and 367:and 363:, a 248:Bill 169:Died 145:Born 6384:In 6335:In 4696:ZBW 4674:on 4637:at 4279:243 4266:241 2883:. 1455:ADA 1447:aka 1408:KGB 312:in 300:to 6519:: 6154:UK 4943:; 4927:; 4899:; 4895:; 4879:; 4852:; 4848:; 4844:; 4816:; 4800:; 4796:; 4590:, 4562:, 4517:, 4471:. 4452:, 4443:DC 4432:, 4420:, 4396:, 4319:. 4292:. 4218:, 4151:^ 4127:, 4103:^ 4059:^ 4037:, 4025:^ 3999:, 3961:^ 3945:^ 3916:^ 3861:^ 3819:^ 3803:^ 3768:^ 3710:^ 3616:^ 3574:^ 3532:^ 3511:DC 3483:^ 3454:^ 3434:^ 3364:^ 3309:^ 3293:^ 3264:^ 3196:^ 3141:^ 3099:^ 3057:^ 3001:^ 2968:^ 2948:^ 2863:, 2643:. 2633:. 1481:, 1399:. 1296:. 1248:, 1104:, 666:. 518:. 396:. 5714:e 5707:t 5700:v 4947:) 4939:( 4931:) 4923:( 4915:) 4911:( 4903:) 4891:( 4883:) 4875:( 4856:) 4840:( 4832:) 4828:( 4820:) 4812:( 4804:) 4792:( 4758:e 4751:t 4744:v 4375:. 4330:. 4304:. 4144:. 2942:. 1445:( 874:' 642:( 157:) 153:( 20:)

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Index