19:
511:
472:
433:
31:
121:
400:, in 1166, the Northern Uà Néill had been ruled by Flaithbertach Ó Mael Doraidh of the Cenél Conaill. During the same time the Cenél nEógain had had eight kings all of which had died violently, either in conflict with the Cenél Conaill or amongst themselves. Adding to the mix was the ascendancy of the
419:
In 1200 and 1204 de Courcy launched raids into the CenĂ©l nEĂłgain's territory, TĂr
Eoghain, however these were futile, the last battle of which was led by Dermot Mac Lachlainn, who was killed. It seems pretty evident that de Courcy was aiding the Mac Lachlainn's in their claim to the kingship of Cenél
253:
MacDonleavy continued to provide resistance to de Courcy, however Ulaid had been lost, and with it the balance of power in Ulster shifted. The success of de Courcy's invasion and ability to withstand the counter-attacks despite facing overwhelming odds is attributed to the military and technological
407:
Upon the death of
Flaithbertach Ó Mael Doraidh in 1197, Echmarcach Ua Dochartaigh (O'Doherty) of the Cenél Conaill ascended to the kingship of the Cenél Conaill and Northern Uà Néill. With the death of Ó Mael Doraidh, de Courcy launched an expedition to Derry and camped there for five nights. Ua
213:
Despite forming alliances, constant inter-warring amongst the Ulaid and against their Irish neighbours continued oblivious to the threat of the
Normans. De Courcy would take advantage of this instability and from his base in Downpatrick set about conquering the neighbouring districts in Ulaid.
262:
Throughout his domain, de Courcy built motte castles to establish a presence and stand guard at importance approaches. At least 128 mottes have been discovered in Ulster, the majority of which can be found in the area of greatest Norman presence; south County Antrim and north County Down. The
160:, where he had obtained the right of passage through from its lord, de Lacy. He then met up with Irish allies who helped provide men and information for the invasion. De Courcy's force then advanced beyond the northern extent of Norman control and into Ulaid, reaching the petty-kingdom of
227:, which was soon followed up by another defeat further north at the hands of the UĂ Thuirtri and FĂr LĂ, the aftermath of which saw the Normans having to fight their way some 30 miles back to de Courcy's castle on foot, outnumbered and constantly harried by the Irish.
222:
Over the following year de Courcy, overly eager to extend his conquests, suffered several setbacks as the Irish managed to gain some victories. In one instance the
Normans suffered a heavy defeat against the combined forces of MacDonleavy and Murrough O'Carroll of
370:. From the castle in Kilsanctan, Rotsel Piton (Peyton), who had been left in charge of a large force, set forth to plunder the surrounding territories and churches, going as far as the harbour at Derry. The Northern UĂ NĂ©ill king,
309:
Having committed crimes against the Church and its servants in his conquest of Ulaid, de Courcy set about making amends by granting land to the Church and establishing abbeys. He renamed Dun-da-lethglas
Downpatrick after
194:, however despite being vastly outnumbered, de Courcy's forces won the day. MacDonleavy followed up this attack with an even greater force made up a coalition of Ulster's powers that included the king of the
285:
Despite the initial opposition to the
Normans, the Ulaid seem to eventually seem to come to terms with their situation and even seek aid in resisting the increasing number of raids and attacks from the
329:, "master of Ulster". He administered his own justice and even minted his own halfpennies and farthings. He was also described as "prince of the Ulster people" and in his arrest-warrant, was called by
389:
As reward for his help, Duncan was rewarded a sizeable portion of the territory subjugated from the Irish, stated as being along the northern coastline of present-day counties Antrim and
Londonderry.
242:) on their way from Dublin to Downpatrick, and the nature of their surprise attack suggests that the Eachach Coba had given support to, or at least assented to, de Courcy's plan. Subsequently, the
140:
who agreed to a status quo allowing the
Normans to consolidate their conquests in return for no more incursions into Gaelic territory. Henry's Norman vassals however remained restless. In 1176,
183:) to flee. The papal legate, Cardinal Vivian, had been on a visit to Ulster when this attack happened and he called for the withdrawal of de Courcy's forces, however this went unheeded.
274:
All of the conquests made by de Courcy had quick and easy access to the sea, which provided a vital lifeline for him and his forces when needed. In 1180, de Courcy married
246:
clan that ruled
Eachach Coba profited from trading with the Earldom of Ulster, and following its collapse in 1333 took over some of its lands to the east, and rebuilt
175:
dynasty who then ruled Ulaid. Despite the small size of his force, de Courcy's attack caught the Ulaid by surprise forcing the over-king of Ulaid,
364:, County Londonderry), in Fir na Craoibhe, where they founded the castle of Kilsanctan. They then laid waste to the neighbouring territory of
598:
108:
in the 1310s, from which it never recovered. By the 15th century the earldom was restricted to coastal enclaves in County Down and around
412:. Two years later in 1199, de Courcy returned to Derry and plundered the surrounding countryside for a considerable amount of time until
556:
621:
551:
202:, and the chief prelates in the province. Again the Normans emerged victorious, even capturing the clergy involved included the
882:
640:
341:
In 1197 John De Courcy's brother, Jordan, was killed by one of his Irish attendants and as revenge John attacked various Irish
420:
nEógain and as such received their aid in attacking their principle rivals and enemies, the Uà Neill's and Cenél
Conaill.
290:. An example of which is in 1182, when an alliance between de Courcy and the Ulaid saw the defeat of an incursion by the
81:. The earldom was the most important Anglo-Norman lordship in the north of Ireland. It covered most of what are now the
408:
Dochartaigh attacked him however he was killed and his force defeated enabling de Courcy to plunder all the cattle of
943:
393:
346:
371:
199:
105:
305:(eastern County Londonderry) to fight the Foreigners, however they were defeated with many Gaelic nobles killed.
137:
133:
386:—of the ruling dynasty of the Cenél nEógain, rivals of the Cenél Conaill—who was on the side of the English.
958:
953:
287:
164:
having only set out from Dublin four days before. Until this, Ulaid had been untouched by "English" forces.
383:
267:, which would eventually become his administrative center. He also built the castle of Rath, now known as
330:
413:
238:, escaped conquest as did small areas here and there. The Normans rode through Eachach Coba (English:
176:
397:
264:
203:
98:
396:(Murtough Mac Loughlin), king of the Cenél nEógain, over-king of the Northern Uà Néill, as well as
78:
55:
195:
812:
379:
325:
For a quarter of a century, de Courcy ruled his domain like an independent king, styling himself
302:
401:
18:
124:
11th century major and minor kingdoms in Ulster prior to the arrival of the Normans in Ireland.
804:
636:
617:
594:
366:
350:
315:
301:
In 1182, Domhnall mac Aodha Mac Lochlainn of the Northern UĂ NĂ©ill, took an army to Dunboe in
275:
70:
in 1177 and conquered most of its territory over the following few years. In 1181 he was made
787:
Maolagáin, P. Ó (1945). "Sliabh Larga and Cuaille Ciannachta in the Synod of Rath Breasail".
796:
375:
157:
144:
came to Ireland and, around the start of 1177, went about carefully planning an invasion of
279:
247:
51:
416:
of the Cenél nEógain led a counter-attack by sea at Larne in de Courcy's own territory.
948:
561:
546:
268:
207:
172:
141:
63:
59:
23:
510:
471:
432:
937:
890:
566:
342:
311:
109:
86:
43:
610:
282:, which allowed him to call upon a strong fleet further reinforcing his position.
224:
404:(O'Neill) sept to the kingship of Cenél nEógain in place of the Mac Lachlainn's.
235:
187:
168:
94:
90:
47:
314:, and granted it to the Church, and had the alleged remains of saints Patrick,
808:
409:
361:
120:
156:, de Courcy took 32 mailed horsemen and some 300-foot soldiers north into
30:
576:
382:
resulting in a slaughter of the English as well as the death of a son of
243:
74:
816:
319:
129:
800:
571:
239:
231:
161:
153:
149:
82:
912:
191:
145:
67:
29:
17:
71:
112:, and the title of Earl of Ulster passed to the Crown in 1461.
505:
466:
427:
883:"Ulster Connected Events - The Annals of the Four Master"
254:
superiority the Normans held in comparison to the Irish.
230:
Not all of Ulaid had fallen to de Courcy, the kingdom of
152:. Having acquired the approval of the royal governor in
521:
482:
443:
789:Journal of the County Louth Archaeological Society
609:
378:, took a force and engaged Piton on the strand at
263:mightiest castle that de Courcy would build was
128:In 1175, after a period of fighting between the
104:The Earldom of Ulster suffered heavily from the
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
297:According to the Annals of the Four Masters:
46:lordship in north-eastern Ireland during the
8:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
186:About a week later, MacDunleavy returned to
782:
780:
711:
709:
707:
356:John led his army across the River Bann at
830:
828:
826:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
654:. Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.
234:that was situated in central and western
337:Incursions against the Northern UĂ NĂ©ill
294:(Devlin) sept of the Northern UĂ NĂ©ill.
119:
665:
333:, "King of all the barons of Ulster".
652:The Normans in Tirowen and Tirconnell
7:
190:with a great host drawn from across
557:Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster
280:Guðrøðr Óláfsson, King of the Isles
26:, used as basis for the Ulster flag
633:Dalaradia, Kingdom of the Cruithin
14:
591:Oxford Companion to Irish History
349:, who was the cousin of his wife
271:, which stood guard over Lecale.
115:
552:Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster
509:
470:
431:
360:(the Salmon Leap, in modern-day
132:and Irish, the Irish High King,
93:, and briefly extended west to
913:"Eas Craoibhe/The Salmon Leap"
167:De Courcy's force advanced on
1:
116:De Courcy's invasion of Ulaid
374:(Flaherty O'Muldory) of the
372:Flaithbertach Ă“ Mael Doraidh
210:, and many of their relics.
200:Máel Sechnaill Mac Lochlainn
593:. Oxford University Press.
975:
650:Orpen, Goddard H. (1915).
394:Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn
608:Bardon, Jonathan (2005).
106:Bruce campaign in Ireland
616:. The Blackstaff Press.
345:In this he was aided by
181:Ruaidrà Mac Duinn Sléibe
171:, the chief seat of the
138:King Henry II of England
34:A map of Ireland in 1450
589:Connolly, S.J. (2007).
347:Duncan, Earl of Carrick
518:This section is empty.
479:This section is empty.
440:This section is empty.
278:, the daughter of the
125:
35:
27:
681:Connolly, p. 589-590.
631:Adamson, Ian (1998).
331:John, King of England
322:, transferred there.
123:
33:
21:
398:High King of Ireland
384:Ardgal Mac Lachlainn
265:Carrickfergus Castle
204:Archbishop of Armagh
136:sued for peace with
99:Carrickfergus Castle
58:. The Norman knight
750:Adamson, pp. 116–7.
612:A History of Ulster
79:Henry II of England
56:Lordship of Ireland
887:sites.rootsweb.com
392:From the death of
232:UĂbh Eachach Cobha
126:
97:. Its capital was
36:
28:
944:Earldom of Ulster
872:Orpen, pp. 275–7.
834:Bardon, pp. 38–9.
774:Bardon, pp. 36–7.
724:Connolly, p. 129.
635:. Pretani Press.
600:978-0-19-923483-7
538:
537:
499:
498:
460:
459:
424:De Lacy take-over
327:princeps Ultoniae
288:Northern UĂ NĂ©ill
40:Earldom of Ulster
966:
928:
927:
925:
923:
909:
903:
902:
900:
898:
889:. Archived from
879:
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832:
821:
820:
801:10.2307/27728645
784:
775:
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748:
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715:Bardon, p. 33-5.
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520:You can help by
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481:You can help by
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442:You can help by
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177:Rory MacDonleavy
54:and part of the
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893:on 19 July 2020
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339:
303:Fir na Craoibhe
260:
248:Magennis Castle
220:
118:
52:Earls of Ulster
50:, ruled by the
12:
11:
5:
972:
970:
962:
961:
959:House of Burgh
956:
954:De Lacy family
951:
946:
936:
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904:
874:
836:
822:
776:
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647:
641:
628:
622:
605:
599:
584:
581:
580:
579:
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569:
564:
562:House of Burgh
559:
554:
549:
547:Earl of Ulster
542:
539:
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516:
514:
503:
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477:
475:
464:
461:
458:
457:
438:
436:
425:
422:
338:
335:
307:
306:
269:Dundrum Castle
259:
256:
219:
216:
208:Bishop of Down
142:John de Courcy
117:
114:
60:John de Courcy
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
971:
960:
957:
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623:0-85640-764-X
619:
614:
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582:
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568:
567:Carrickfergus
565:
563:
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405:
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385:
381:
377:
376:Cenél Conaill
373:
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363:
359:
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348:
344:
336:
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332:
328:
323:
321:
317:
313:
312:Saint Patrick
304:
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272:
270:
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258:Consolidation
257:
255:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
228:
226:
217:
215:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
196:Cenél nEógain
193:
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178:
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165:
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159:
155:
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147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
122:
113:
111:
110:Carrickfergus
107:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:of Ulster by
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
25:
20:
16:
920:. Retrieved
916:
907:
895:. Retrieved
891:the original
886:
877:
795:(1): 37–40.
792:
788:
720:
651:
632:
611:
590:
583:Bibliography
526:
522:adding to it
517:
487:
483:adding to it
478:
448:
444:adding to it
439:
418:
414:Aedh O'Neill
406:
391:
388:
365:
358:Eas Craoibhe
357:
355:
343:petty-kings.
340:
326:
324:
308:
296:
291:
284:
273:
261:
252:
229:
221:
212:
185:
180:
166:
134:Rory O'Conor
127:
103:
85:counties of
64:Gaelic Irish
62:invaded the
44:Anglo-Norman
39:
37:
15:
642:094886825-2
380:Faughanvale
292:Ă“ Doibhilin
236:County Down
188:Downpatrick
173:Dál Fiatach
169:Downpatrick
148:in eastern
95:Lough Foyle
66:kingdom of
48:Middle Ages
938:Categories
917:Logainm.ie
660:References
809:1393-2195
410:Inishowen
367:Cianachta
362:Coleraine
320:Colmcille
225:AirgĂalla
218:Expansion
817:27728645
577:Twescard
541:See also
529:May 2015
490:May 2015
463:De Burgh
451:May 2015
402:UĂ Neill
244:Magennis
75:palatine
24:de Burgh
22:Arms of
502:Decline
351:Affreca
276:Affrica
130:Normans
42:was an
922:30 May
897:30 May
815:
807:
639:
620:
597:
572:Lecale
318:, and
316:Brigid
240:Iveagh
206:, the
162:Lecale
154:Dublin
150:Ulster
87:Antrim
83:Ulster
949:Ulaid
813:JSTOR
192:Ulaid
158:Meath
146:Ulaid
68:Ulaid
924:2020
899:2020
805:ISSN
637:ISBN
618:ISBN
595:ISBN
91:Down
89:and
72:earl
38:The
797:doi
524:.
485:.
446:.
940::
915:.
885:.
839:^
825:^
811:.
803:.
793:11
791:.
779:^
755:^
729:^
686:^
668:^
353:.
250:.
198:,
101:.
926:.
901:.
819:.
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645:.
626:.
603:.
531:)
527:(
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488:(
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449:(
179:(
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