31:
2163:
726:
2417:
2441:
147:
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2405:
418:
C. Kronberg, Munich Astro
Archive, archived summary by Gary W. Kronk of early analysis and of Zdeněk Ceplecha's paper for Astronomy and Astrophysics in 1994, '3 meters, if a carbonaceous chondrite, or as large as 14 meters, if composed of cometary materials', 'post-encounter ... 2 or 10
228:
observed a grazing fireball that traveled over 1300 km through the atmosphere above
Western Australia and South Australia. The closest approach was about 58.5 km, and the initial mass is estimated to be a minimum of ~60 kg. The meteoroid came from an
213:
June 10, 2012, an Earth-grazing fireball from the
Daytime ζ-Perseid shower passed over Spain, travelling 510 km in the atmosphere. It was the faintest Earth-grazing meteor reported in the scientific literature and the first one belonging to a meteor
166:
An Earth-grazing fireball is a rarely measured kind of fireball caused by a meteoroid that collides with the Earth but survives the collision by passing through, and exiting, the atmosphere. As of 2008 four grazers have been scientifically observed.
193:, August 10, 1972, US19720810 at 15 km/s above United States and Canada (first scientific observation). It was estimated to have lost about half its mass, and 800 m/s of velocity during the encounter.
664:
Shober, Patrick M.; Jansen-Sturgeon, Trent; Sansom, Eleanor K.; Devillepoix, Hadrien A. R.; Towner, Martin C.; Bland, Phil A.; Cupák, Martin; Howie, Robert M.; Hartig, Benjamin A. D. (2020).
379:
296:
773:
498:
Although other grazers have been seen and, rarely, photographed, without specialised scientific observations their orbits cannot be determined. An example is the
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463:. Czech Republic: Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences, Fričova 298, CZ-251 65 Ondřejov Observatory: 8217.
324:
293:"Texas State astronomers solve Walt Whitman meteor mystery : University News Service : Texas State University"
259:
190:
80:
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518:. Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Vol. 53, p.59. Code 1959JRASC..53...59O. Retrieved 2008-07-07
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Madiedo, José M.; Espartero, Francisco; Castro-Tirado, Alberto J.; Pastor, Sensi; de los Reyes, José A. (2016).
2223:
1813:
1601:
1419:
1093:
902:
221:
fireball SPMN241214 passed over north Africa, Spain, and
Portugal, travelling about 1,200 km in the atmosphere.
2348:
2318:
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1358:
1158:
621:"Preliminary Spectroscopic and Dynamical Analysis of an Earth-Grazer Fireball Observed on December 24, 2014"
225:
64:
2370:
1717:
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846:
233:
orbit, and due to the close encounter with the Earth, it was sent onto a
Jupiter-family comet-like orbit.
71:, if the meteor starts to break up or explodes in mid-air. These phenomena are then called Earth-grazing
1521:
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34:
206:
August 7, 2007, EN070807 passed through the atmosphere over Europe with an orbit belonging to the rare
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1000:
963:
687:
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450:"Precise Multi-instrument Data on 45 Fireballs Recorded over Central Europe in the Period 2006-2008"
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852:
110:
There is no agreed-upon end to the upper atmosphere, but rather incrementally thinner air from the
104:
30:
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2283:
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2007:
1917:
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930:
705:
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562:"An Earth-grazing fireball from the Daytime ζ-Perseid shower observed over Spain on 2012 June 10"
39:
352:
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1412:
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1206:
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March 29, 2006, fireball passed 18.8 km/s through the atmosphere 71.4 km above Japan
180:
96:
72:
56:
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1935:
1912:
1907:
1307:
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730:
695:
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47th Lunar and
Planetary Science Conference, held March 21-25, 2016 at The Woodlands, Texas
2298:
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1983:
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1972:
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1211:
709:
435:. WGN, Vol. 19, Nr. 1, p. 13; (aphelion of its orbit changed from 2.80 AU to 1.80 AU)
218:
207:
605:
515:
432:
154:, as the light track across the picture going from the south to the north, taken at
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2002:
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119:
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103:, after it re-enters space, will be different from its orbit before it encountered
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1783:
200:(first orbit calculation based on photographic records from two distant places).
127:
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665:
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2218:
2198:
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1652:
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115:
433:
Earth-grazing fireball: Czechoslovakia, Poland, October 13, 1990, 03h27m16sUT
17:
2248:
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2017:
1958:
1844:
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1287:
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1038:
1027:
1016:
1005:
890:
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2087:
1978:
1499:
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516:
A Probable
Natural Satellite: The Meteor procession of February 9, 1913
499:
268: – Prediction of the dates and times of asteroids impacting Earth
43:. In 2010, it was determined to be an Earth-grazing meteor procession.
2303:
2193:
2110:
1989:
1566:
1292:
1196:
256: – Sand- to boulder-sized particle of debris in the Solar System
135:
76:
60:
1242:
619:
Moreno, A.; Madiedo, J. M.; Zamorano, J.; et al. (March 2016).
487:
EN070807 fireball ... very rare Earth-grazing fireball ... Aten type
375:
373:
2404:
682:
578:
538:
Abe 2006 (PDF) approximately 100 kg, orbit aphelion reaches
Jupiter
184:
145:
138:
at an altitude of 85–120 km (53–75 mi) above the Earth.
100:
29:
1738:
448:
SpurnĂ˝, P. SpurnĂ˝; J. BoroviÄŤka; Z. Ceplecha; L. ShrbenĂ˝ (2008).
1070:
666:"Where Did They Come from, Where Did They Go: Grazing Fireballs"
329:
1742:
1246:
755:
2161:
403:
Global
Superbolic Network Archive, 2000, 'Size: 5 to 10 m'
27:
Meteoroid that enters Earth's atmosphere and leaves again
2381:
67:
and leaves again. Some fragments may impact Earth as
308:. Txstate.edu (2010-05-28). Retrieved on 2013-10-19.
2312:
2156:
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1531:
1404:
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1280:
1179:
1126:
1083:
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873:
796:
789:
262: – Meteor shower across the Western Hemisphere
347:
345:
320:"Earthgrazer: The Great Daylight Fireball of 1972"
566:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
318:Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (2 March 2009).
198:meteoroid passed at 97.9 km above Czechoslovakia
196:October 13, 1990, a 40 kilogram, 41.5 km/s
99:its mass and velocity are changed, so that its
126:(~10,000 km or 6,200 mi) (see also
1754:
1258:
767:
158:(Czech Republic), one of the stations of the
8:
353:"Images of Harper's Weekly front page story"
79:. Famous examples of Earth-grazers are the
1761:
1747:
1739:
1265:
1251:
1243:
793:
774:
760:
752:
244:List of asteroid close approaches to Earth
152:Earth-grazing meteoroid of 13 October 1990
699:
681:
595:
577:
122:(~690 km or 430 mi) up to the
431:SpurnĂ˝, P.; Ceplecha, Z.; Borovicka, J.
427:
425:
2388:
277:
645:from the original on November 28, 2016
389:
387:
1668:Planetary Defense Coordination Office
1663:Space Situational Awareness Programme
443:
441:
411:
409:
287:
285:
283:
281:
177:Meteor procession of February 9, 1913
7:
416:Daylight Fireball of August 10, 1972
1134:Predicted asteroid impacts on Earth
1139:Asteroid close approaches to Earth
502:grazer over Hawaii on 2001-11-18 -
394:US19720810 (Daylight Earth grazer)
380:150-year-old meteor mystery solved
172:Meteor procession of July 20, 1860
85:Meteor Procession of July 20, 1860
25:
2329:International Meteor Organization
217:December 24, 2014, a slow moving
118:(~85 km or 53 mi), and
2439:
2427:
2415:
2403:
2391:
1171:Asteroids crossing Earth's orbit
881:2002 Eastern Mediterranean event
724:
249:List of Earth-crossing asteroids
114:(11~50 km (7~31 mi)),
2084:Sextantids (Daytime Sextantids)
478:from the original on 2016-03-03
359:from the original on 2014-04-28
299:from the original on 2011-10-19
179:led to conclusions a temporary
1901:Cassiopeids (beta Cassiopeids)
1:
2339:North American Meteor Network
2081:Serpentids (kappa Serpentids)
919:2012 United Kingdom meteoroid
729:The dictionary definition of
142:Known Earth-grazing fireballs
97:passes through the atmosphere
1638:Japan Spaceguard Association
1381:Earth-crossing minor planets
1338:Potentially hazardous object
1232:Potentially hazardous object
325:Astronomy Picture of the Day
191:1972 Great Daylight Fireball
81:1972 Great Daylight Fireball
1728:Fiction about impact events
2493:
2038:September epsilon Perseids
1187:Asteroid impact prediction
886:2007 Carancas impact event
457:Asteroids, Comets, Meteors
266:Asteroid impact prediction
2361:
1955:Eridanids (eta Eridanids)
1947:Doradids (gamma Doradids)
1658:The Spaceguard Foundation
1376:Asteroid close approaches
1354:Asteroid impact avoidance
1192:Asteroid impact avoidance
908:2009 Sulawesi superbolide
549:European Fireball Network
527:
503:
160:European Fireball Network
1814:Southern Delta Aquariids
1723:Fiction about meteoroids
1602:Sentinel Space Telescope
1094:Impact events on Jupiter
701:10.3847/1538-3881/ab8002
670:The Astronomical Journal
2477:Earth-grazing fireballs
2467:Observational astronomy
2319:American Meteor Society
2014:Normids (gamma Normids)
1359:Asteroid laser ablation
865:Earth-grazing meteoroid
859:Great Daylight Fireball
829:Great Meteor Procession
514:O'Keefe, John A. 1959.
226:Desert Fireball Network
2371:List of meteor showers
2324:Earth-grazing fireball
2166:
1986:(Dec. Leonis Minorids)
1889:Daytime Capri.-Sagitt.
1298:Earth-grazing fireball
1202:Earth-grazing fireball
1100:Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9
399:March 7, 2004, at the
163:
49:Earth-grazing fireball
44:
2165:
2076:South omega Scorpiids
2073:North omega Scorpiids
1836:Daytime eps. Arietids
1804:North delta Aquariids
1077:Impact events on Mars
959:2015 Kerala meteoroid
954:2014 Ontario fireball
936:Chelyabinsk meteorite
903:Buzzard Coulee meteor
597:10.1093/mnras/stw1020
149:
35:Frederic Edwin Church
33:
2354:Zenithal Hourly Rate
1839:Daytime May Arietids
1810:South iota Aquariids
1807:North iota Aquariids
1643:Meteoritical Society
964:2015 Thailand bolide
914:Sutter's Mill meteor
783:Modern impact events
1826:South June Aquilids
1547:Catalina Sky Survey
944:Braunschweig meteor
847:Sikhote-Alin meteor
692:2020AJ....159..191S
636:2016LPI....47.1088M
588:2016MNRAS.460..917M
528:Abe 2006 (abstract)
469:2008LPICo1405.8217S
150:Sky photo with the
95:As an Earth-grazer
2234:July 31 – August 1
2167:
2008:alpha Monocerotids
1961:(epsilon Geminids)
1918:omicron Centaurids
1885:alpha Capricornids
1857:Nov. iota Aurigids
1711:Related categories
931:Chelyabinsk meteor
224:July 7, 2017, the
164:
130:). For example, a
105:Earth's atmosphere
73:meteor processions
65:Earth’s atmosphere
45:
40:The Meteor of 1860
2472:Atmospheric entry
2379:
2378:
2334:Meteor procession
2049:Piscis Austrinids
2046:(July Phoenicids)
1788:Antihelion Source
1736:
1735:
1677:Potential threats
1369:Ion-beam shepherd
1333:Near-Earth object
1313:Meteor procession
1274:Planetary defense
1240:
1239:
1227:Near-Earth object
1207:Meteor procession
1154:Meteor air bursts
1064:
1063:
1001:Winchcombe meteor
995:2020 China bolide
974:2017 China bolide
547:EN indicates the
16:(Redirected from
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2432:
2431:
2430:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2408:
2407:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2367:
2344:Population index
2164:
2135:lambda Virginids
2104:Southern Taurids
2099:Northern Taurids
1936:Comae Berenicids
1913:theta Centaurids
1908:alpha Centaurids
1763:
1756:
1749:
1740:
1308:Meteor air burst
1267:
1260:
1253:
1244:
1055:
1044:
1033:
1022:
1011:
985:Kamchatka meteor
896:
853:Murchison meteor
794:
776:
769:
762:
753:
746:Fireball of 1972
740:Fireball of 1860
728:
714:
713:
703:
685:
661:
655:
654:
652:
650:
644:
630:. p. 1088.
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59:, a very bright
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2392:
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2382:
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2375:
2365:
2357:
2308:
2162:
2152:
2147:March Virginids
2129:theta Virginids
2123:gamma Virginids
2120:alpha Virginids
2070:alpha Scorpiids
1984:Leonis Minorids
1801:kappa Aquariids
1772:
1767:
1737:
1732:
1706:
1697:
1672:
1633:B612 Foundation
1621:
1527:
1400:
1364:Gravity tractor
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1236:
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1159:Meteorite falls
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401:Wayback Machine
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2313:Related topics
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2294:December 13–14
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2284:November 21–22
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2132:iota Virginids
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1876:delta Cancrids
1872:
1870:Canis-Minorids
1867:
1860:
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1858:
1855:
1853:delta Aurigids
1850:
1849:alpha Aurigids
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1770:Meteor showers
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1477:NEAR Shoemaker
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1385:Damage scales
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1118:Jupiter impact
1114:
1112:Jupiter impact
1108:
1106:Jupiter impact
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997:
992:
990:2019 MO impact
987:
981:
979:2018 LA impact
976:
971:
969:WT1190F impact
966:
961:
956:
951:
949:2014 AA impact
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18:Earth-grazing
2446:Solar System
2323:
2289:December 5–6
2157:By peak date
2141:pi Virginids
2138:mu Virginids
2094:beta Taurids
2003:Monocerotids
1927:omega Cetids
1896:eta Carinids
1864:June Bootids
1689:101955 Bennu
1572:NEO Surveyor
1520:
1511:
1504:
1489:New Horizons
1487:
1475:
1461:
1454:
1441:
1418:
1411:
1405:Space probes
1394:Torino scale
1303:Impact event
1297:
1201:
835:Curuçá River
817:Great Meteor
811:Great Meteor
731:
723:
673:
669:
659:
649:November 27,
647:. Retrieved
627:
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534:
523:
510:
494:
486:
480:. Retrieved
460:
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361:. Retrieved
333:. Retrieved
323:
313:
301:. Retrieved
165:
156:Červená hora
120:thermosphere
112:stratosphere
109:
94:
63:that enters
53:Earth grazer
52:
48:
46:
38:
2434:Outer space
2422:Spaceflight
2304:December 22
2299:December 15
2279:November 18
2274:November 12
2244:September 1
2194:April 22–23
2181:February 10
2063:Quadrantids
1997:June Lyrids
1964:Herculids (
1904:Centaurids
1784:Andromedids
1420:Deep Impact
1281:Main topics
231:Apollo-type
183:capture of
128:thermopause
2462:Meteoroids
2456:Categories
2269:November 9
2264:October 22
2259:October 21
2254:October 10
2224:July 28–29
2176:February 8
2067:Scorpiids
2054:pi Puppids
2044:Phoenicids
1994:eta Lyrids
1894:Carinids (
1874:Cancrids (
1653:Spaceguard
1612:Spacewatch
1592:Pan-STARRS
1587:Orbit@home
1495:OSIRIS-REx
742:(painting)
683:1912.01895
676:(5): 191.
579:1604.08380
482:2008-07-06
363:2017-08-26
335:2013-10-19
303:2013-10-19
273:References
116:mesosphere
69:meteorites
2398:Astronomy
2249:October 8
2239:August 13
2171:January 4
2116:Virginids
2052:Puppids (
1971:Hydrids (
1951:Draconids
1940:Cygnids (
1930:pi Cetids
1862:Bootids (
1823:Aquilids
1792:Aquariids
1648:NEOShield
1483:NEA Scout
1463:Hayabusa2
1328:Meteoroid
1323:Meteorite
1222:Meteoroid
1217:Meteorite
874:Post-2000
710:208617451
260:Cyrillids
254:Meteoroid
181:satellite
132:meteoroid
124:exosphere
2366:See also
2199:April 26
2189:April 17
2185:March 14
2092:Daytime
2032:Daytime
2028:Perseids
2023:Pegasids
2018:Orionids
1959:Geminids
1845:Aurigids
1832:Arietids
1535:tracking
1522:Stardust
1456:Hayabusa
1288:Asteroid
1180:See also
823:Tunguska
805:Qingyang
797:Pre-2000
790:On Earth
640:Archived
606:54851418
473:Archived
397:Archived
357:Archived
297:Archived
238:See also
91:Overview
83:and the
57:fireball
2384:Portals
2349:Radiant
2229:July 30
2219:July 13
2214:June 27
2088:Taurids
1979:Leonids
1924:Cetids
1777:By name
1694:2010 RF
1684:1950 DA
1577:NEOSSat
1506:Rosetta
1500:PROCYON
1347:Defense
1149:Bolides
1086:Jupiter
1051:2024 RW
1040:2024 BX
1029:2023 CX
1018:2022 WJ
1007:2022 EB
892:2008 TC
748:(photo)
688:Bibcode
632:Bibcode
584:Bibcode
465:Bibcode
419:meters'
214:shower.
77:bolides
55:) is a
2209:June 7
2111:Ursids
1990:Lyrids
1607:Sentry
1567:NEODyS
1557:LONEOS
1552:LINEAR
1513:Philae
1469:MASCOT
1426:HAMMER
1293:Bolide
1197:Bolide
1144:Comets
1056:impact
1045:impact
1034:impact
1023:impact
1012:impact
897:impact
708:
604:
500:Leonid
136:meteor
61:meteor
2410:Stars
2204:May 6
1542:ATLAS
1127:Lists
1116:2016
1110:2010
1104:2009
1098:1994
999:2021
983:2018
942:2013
929:2013
923:2012
912:2012
901:2008
863:1990
857:1972
851:1969
845:1947
839:1938
833:1930
827:1913
821:1908
815:1860
809:1783
803:1490
706:S2CID
678:arXiv
643:(PDF)
624:(PDF)
602:S2CID
574:arXiv
476:(PDF)
453:(PDF)
185:Earth
101:orbit
1617:WISE
1597:SCAP
1562:NEAT
1442:DART
1436:Hera
1431:AIDA
1413:Dawn
1071:Mars
651:2016
461:1405
330:NASA
210:type
75:and
51:(or
1533:NEO
1084:On
1069:On
696:doi
674:159
592:doi
570:460
47:An
2458::
1696:12
704:.
694:.
686:.
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638:.
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459:.
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440:^
424:^
408:^
386:^
372:^
355:.
344:^
328:.
322:.
295:.
280:^
107:.
87:.
37:,
2386::
2056:)
1975:)
1968:)
1944:)
1898:)
1878:)
1866:)
1762:e
1755:t
1748:v
1266:e
1259:t
1252:v
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1031:1
1020:1
1009:5
894:3
775:e
768:t
761:v
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698::
690::
680::
653:.
634::
608:.
594::
586::
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467::
366:.
338:.
306:.
162:.
20:)
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