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215:, offers the following description: "Earth System science embraces chemistry, physics, biology, mathematics and applied sciences in transcending disciplinary boundaries to treat the Earth as an integrated system. It seeks a deeper understanding of the physical, chemical, biological and human interactions that determine the past, current and future states of the Earth. Earth System science provides a physical basis for understanding the world in which we live and upon which humankind seeks to achieve sustainability".
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351:(1988), constitute a major landmark in the formal development of Earth system science. Early works discussing Earth system science, like these NASA reports, generally emphasized the increasing human impacts on the Earth system as a primary driver for the need of greater integration among the life and geo-sciences, making the origins of Earth system science parallel to the beginnings of
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539:, convened a workshop in 1996, "to define common educational goals among all disciplines in the Earth sciences". In its report, participants noted that, "The fields that make up the Earth and space sciences are currently undergoing a major advancement that promotes understanding the Earth as a number of interrelated systems". Recognizing the rise of this
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is a prime example of an emergent property of the whole planetary system, that is, one which cannot be fully understood without regarding it as a single integrated entity. It is also a system where human impacts have been growing rapidly in recent decades, lending immense importance to the successful
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Variability: Many of the Earth System's natural 'modes' and variabilities across space and time are beyond human experience, because of the stability of the recent
Holocene. Much Earth System science therefore relies on studies of the Earth's past behaviour and models to anticipate future behaviour
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is the
Director of one of the earliest centers for Earth System science research, the Earth System Science Center at Pennsylvania State University, and its mission statement reads, "the Earth System Science Center (ESSC) maintains a mission to describe, model, and understand the Earth's climate
246:
For millennia, humans have speculated how the physical and living elements on the surface of the Earth combine, with gods and goddesses frequently posited to embody specific elements. The notion that the Earth, itself, is alive was a regular theme of Greek philosophy and religion.
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In 2000, the Earth System
Science Education Alliance (ESSEA) was begun, and currently includes the participation of 40+ institutions, with over 3,000 teachers having completed an ESSEA course as of fall 2009".
363:
Climatology and climate change have been central to Earth System science since its inception, as evidenced by the prominent place given to climate change in the early NASA reports discussed above. The Earth's
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Non-linear: The behaviour of the Earth System is typified by strong non-linearities. This means that abrupt change can result when relatively small changes in a 'forcing function' push the System across a
226:
Life: Biological processes play a much stronger role in the functioning and responses of the Earth System than previously thought. It appears to be integral to every part of the Earth System.
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also moves energy throughout the climate system. In addition, certain chemical elements are constantly moving between the components of the climate system. Two examples for these
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83:. In particular, it considers interactions and 'feedbacks', through material and energy fluxes, between the Earth's sub-systems' cycles, processes and "spheres"—
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Climate Change 2013: The
Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
332:. Subsequent extension of these models has led to the development of "Earth system models" (ESMs) that include facets such as the cryosphere and the biosphere.
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115:—as well as the impact of human societies on these components. At its broadest scale, Earth system science brings together researchers across both the
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543:, the workshop report recommended that an Earth System science curriculum be developed with support from the National Science Foundation.
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Earth System science has articulated four overarching, definitive and critically important features of the Earth System, which include:
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Connectivity: Processes are connected in ways and across depths and lateral distances that were previously unknown and inconceivable.
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In many respects, the foundational concepts of Earth System science can be seen in the natural philosophy 19th century geographer
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and time evolution of these systems, and their variability, stability and instability. Subsets of Earth System science include
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committee called the Earth System
Science Committee was formed in 1983. The earliest reports of NASA's ESSC,
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Earth System science can be studied at a postgraduate level at some universities. In general education, the
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was developing across numerous other scientific fields, driven in part by the increasing availability and
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as a geological force generating a dynamic disequilibrium, which in turn promoted the diversity of life.
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development and advancement of Earth System science research. As just one example of the centrality of
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1421:"The computational future for climate and Earth system models: on the path to petaflop and beyond"
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view of the interactions and transactions within and between biological and ecological systems.
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The Age of
Achievement: A.D. 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century : The Achievements
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Cornell, Sarah E.; Prentice, I. Colin; House, Joanna I.; Downy, Catherine J. (2012).
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and wind patterns. Circulation in the atmosphere and oceans transports heat from the
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is the statistical characterization of the climate system. It represents the average
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1564:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
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191:, and many aspects of Earth System science are fundamental to the subjects of
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Ohtani, Shin-ichi; Fujii, Ryoichi; Hesse, Michael; Lysak, Robert L. (2000).
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Scientific study of the Earth's spheres and their natural integrated systems
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Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of
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and their many constituent subsystems fluxes and processes, the resulting
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684: – Hierarchical outline list of articles related to Earth sciences
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Earth System
Science in the Anthropocene: Emerging Issues and Problems
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Understanding the Earth System: Global Change
Science for Application
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The five components of the climate system all interact. They are the
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Earth System
Science, From Biogeochemical Cycles to Global Changes
31:
336:
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1281:. History of civilizations of Central Asia. pp. 211–214.
1710:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
1630:"Shaping the Future of Undergraduate Earth Science Education"
1304:"Alexander von Humboldt and the General Physics of the Earth"
498:
and volcanic eruptions, or caused by humans. Accumulation of
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Merritts, Dorothy; De Wet, Andrew; Menking, Kirsten (1998).
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1119:
Fundamental
Processes in Ecology: An Earth Systems Approach
559:(still in its infancy as per 2021) is a sub-discipline of
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in the atmosphere, mainly being emitted by people burning
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Physical Geography: Great Systems and Global Environments
668: – Field of scholarly inquiry in the social sciences
1065:
Environmental Geology: An Earth System Science Approach
686:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1712:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
1239:"Earth Systems Science: Are We Pushing Gaia Too Hard?"
1243:
46th Annual Bennett Lecture - University of Leicester
1092:
Earth's Evolving Systems: The History of Planet Earth
1552:
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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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is the main driving force for this circulation. The
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2012:
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699: – planetary-scale changes in the Earth system
662: – Fields of natural science related to Earth
494:. These external forcings can be natural, such as
464:to regions that receive less energy from the Sun.
1277:Asimov, M. S.; Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (eds.).
927:Ehlers, Eckart; Moss, C.; Krafft, Thomas (2006).
766:(2nd ed.). London: Elsevier Academic Press.
714: – Geology as a set of interacting processes
320:that began to allow the detailed and interacting
1468:Mooney, Harold; et al. (26 February 2013).
1008:Tsonis, Anastasios A.; Elsner, James B. (2007).
535:and with support from five divisions within the
1474:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1376:Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change
175:of the dynamic interaction between the Earth's
1419:Washington, W.M.; Buja, L.; Craig, A. (2009).
1158:Marsh, William M.; Kaufman, Martin M. (2013).
1035:Neugebauer, Horst J.; Simmer, Clemens (2003).
1760:
1143:Pidwirny, Michael; Jones, Scott (1999–2015).
373:to the field, leading American climatologist
8:
1632:. American Geophysical Union. Archived from
849:Cryospheric Systems: Glaciers and Permafrost
984:Self-Organized Criticality in Earth Systems
846:Harris, Charles; Murton, Julian B. (2005).
798:(2nd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
518:in the different climate system components.
1894:
1767:
1753:
1745:
1265:An introduction to the history of medicine
819:Christiansen, E.H.; Hamblin, W.K. (2014).
258:and the large-scale processes involved in
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1656:"Earth System Science Education Alliance"
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876:An Introduction to the Earth-Life System
677:Earth systems engineering and management
389:
760:Jacobson, Michael; et al. (2000).
725:
510:. Human activity also releases cooling
297:(1863–1945) saw the functioning of the
1480:(Supplement 1, 3665–3672): 3665–3672.
426:with five interacting components: the
873:Cockell, Charles (28 February 2008).
486:The climate system can change due to
7:
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1681:Petersmann, Marie-Catherine (2021).
1579:climatechange.environment.nsw.gov.au
1213:"Earth System Science in a Nutshell"
1038:Dynamics of Multiscale Earth Systems
442:(earth's upper rocky layer) and the
316:, and leading to the development of
2318:Systems theory in political science
1014:. Springer Science+Business Media.
933:. Springer Science+Business Media.
348:Earth System Science: A Closer View
25:
1245:. London: University of Leicester
1095:. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
1011:Nonlinear Dynamics in Geosciences
825:. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
209:Science Education Resource Center
171:, Earth system science assumes a
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852:. Geological Society of London.
672:Earth System Science Partnership
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382:This section is an excerpt from
123:sciences, from fields including
1585:from the original on 6 May 2019
1164:. Cambridege University Press.
794:Kump, Lee; et al. (2004).
2308:Systems theory in anthropology
1369:"History of climate modelling"
1191:. Cambridge University Press.
906:. American Geophysical Union.
903:Magnetospheric Current Systems
879:. Cambridge University Press.
342:Earth System Science: Overview
268:geology developed as a science
167:. Like the broader subject of
1:
2313:Systems theory in archaeology
1529:"Earth System Science Center"
496:variations in solar intensity
1302:Jackson, Stephen T. (2009).
1116:Wilkinson, David M. (2006).
345:(1986), and the book-length
1122:. Oxford University Press.
733:Stanley, Steven M. (2005).
537:National Science Foundation
2430:
2409:Global natural environment
981:Hergarten, Stefan (2002).
531:, in cooperation with the
529:American Geophysical Union
438:(ice and permafrost), the
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304:In parallel, the field of
36:An ecological analysis of
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1945:
1897:
1809:Coupled human–environment
1700:10.1016/j.esg.2021.100114
1237:Tickell, Crispin (2006).
954:Butz, Stephen D. (2004).
223:in response to pressures.
1605:"Earth's climate system"
1425:Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A
957:Science of Earth Systems
75:) is the application of
2142:Charles A. S. Hall
1687:Earth System Governance
1531:. Penn State University
1495:10.1073/pnas.1107484110
1323:10.1126/science.1171659
1089:Martin, Ronald (2011).
666:Earth system governance
561:earth system governance
533:Keck Geology Consortium
293:. In the 20th century,
2414:Complex systems theory
2062:Ludwig von Bertalanffy
1446:10.1098/rsta.2008.0219
1367:Edwards, P.N. (2010).
1267:, W.B. Saunders, 1921.
1263:Fielding H. Garrison,
637:Systems science portal
415:
355:studies and programs.
335:In the 1980s, where a
291:Alexander von Humboldt
65:
2404:Earth system sciences
2339:Principia Cybernetica
2052:Anthony Stafford Beer
1922:Sociotechnical system
623:Global warming portal
581:Earth sciences portal
393:
35:
2202:Mihajlo D. Mesarovic
2177:Edward Norton Lorenz
2132:Jay Wright Forrester
1937:World-systems theory
1912:Earth system science
1739:Earth system science
1735:at Wikimedia Commons
1733:Earth system science
1662:on 22 September 2017
1636:on 16 September 2008
1145:"Physical Geography"
960:. Thomson Learning.
736:Earth System History
706:Planetary boundaries
488:internal variability
181:spatial organization
69:Earth system science
18:Earth System Science
2077:Kenneth E. Boulding
1558:Annex III: Glossary
1486:2013PNAS..110.3665M
1437:2009RSPTA.367..833W
987:. Springer-Verlag.
2207:James Grier Miller
2162:Faina M. Kirillova
2122:Heinz von Foerster
2112:Edsger W. Dijkstra
2072:Alexander Bogdanov
2057:Richard E. Bellman
2032:William Ross Ashby
1609:World Ocean Review
516:feedback processes
474:biochemical cycles
416:
295:Vladimir Vernadsky
193:physical geography
66:
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2272:Manuela M. Veloso
2187:Humberto Maturana
2127:Stephanie Forrest
2097:C. West Churchman
2022:Russell L. Ackoff
2008:
2007:
1880:Positive feedback
1875:Negative feedback
1731:Media related to
1575:"Climate systems"
1431:(1890): 833–846.
1317:(5927): 596–597.
1288:978-92-3-102719-2
1068:. W. H. Freeman.
805:978-0-13-142059-5
492:external forcings
446:(living things).
284:Earth-like worlds
276:planetary geology
16:(Redirected from
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2267:Francisco Varela
1999:Systems thinking
1932:Urban metabolism
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2004:
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