36:
112:
1554:
1691:("Perfect Society") teaches that the Church is a self-sufficient or independent society which already has all the necessary resources and conditions to achieve its overall goal (final end) of the universal salvation of all peoples. It has historically been used in order to best define Church-State relations. Its origins are in Aristotelian political philosophy, although its adaptation to ecclesiology was done by the Scholastics. The doctrine was widely used in Neoscholastic circles before the
56:
1533:
87:
1837:). Here the traditional conventional expression "is" is used, whose clarity can be used to interpret the potential ambiguity of the phrase "subsists in". Then again, the council's decree on Ecumenism stated that "all who have been justified by faith in Baptism are members of Christ's body", although presumably including only those who, in good faith, do not pose an obstacle ("obex") to the reality of the Sacrament through
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69:, which states "one holy Church is to continue forever. The Church is the congregation of saints, in which the Gospel is rightly taught and the Sacraments are rightly administered." Here the rock from Matthew 16:18 refers to the preaching and ministry of Jesus as the Christ, a view discussed at length in the 1537
1774:
comes before
Chapter 3 "On the Hierarchical Structure of the Church and in particular on the Episcopate", commentators note that it turns the focus from the hierarchy to the laity, declaring that the Holy Spirit "distributes special graces among the faithful of every rank. By these gifts He makes
1778:
This is described as a "welcoming judgment on a great mass of theoretical and practical experimentation clamoring for recognition… . The Church´s life does not flow down from Pope thru BB and clergy to a passive laity. It springs up from the grass-roots of the People of God, and the function of
1743:
that says of non-Catholics that “by an unconscious desire and longing they have a certain relationship with the
Mystical Body of the Redeemer” (para. 103). Pius XII can be said to have popularized the notion of the Church as the Body of Christ, which was already present in the writings of
1856:; thus the Council sees no essential difference, or at least views as compatible, the terms "is" and "subsists in". Claiming the identity of the Catholic Church with the body of Christ goes against the understanding presented by more liberal ecclesiologists, such as
1724:, after mentioning "Christ, present to us in His Body, which is the Church" (14), goes on to speak of those who are fully incorporated (14), conjoined (15), and related (16) to the Church. This more expansive idea of the Church is developed in the second chapter of
1926:
Roger Haight characterizes the difference in ecclesiologies as "the contrast between a pope with universal jurisdiction and a combination of patriarchal superstructure with an episcopal and synodal communion ecclesiology analogous to that found in
1898:
of 1992. But the latter describes what is meant here when it says: "At the present time some of his disciples are pilgrims on earth. Others have died and are being purified, while still others are in glory." The latter two are commemorated on
1985:
Many
Christian churches have nothing approximating the Catholic Sunday celebration of the Mass as sacrifice. This leads to a different understanding of the role of the minister within these churches. At the same time, the notion of the
1665:
We are convinced that the Church must look with penetrating eyes within itself, ponder the mystery of its own being, and draw enlightenment and inspiration from a deeper scrutiny of the doctrine of its own origin, nature, mission, and
1713:
moved beyond the "perfect society" model to the "Mystical Body of Christ", a historical designation explained more fully in this document, identifying the Body of Christ with the
Catholic Church in a way that would be repeated by the
1817:
The theological commission has stated that "the elements which are mentioned concern not only individuals but their communities as well; in this fact precisely is located the foundation of the ecumenical movement."
35:
3315:
3152:
984:
1813:
the
Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the Bishops in communion with him, although many elements of sanctification and of truth are found outside its visible structure.
1770:
is entitled "On the People of God". “People” avoids membership disputes: there are various ways of association; see "Body of Christ" above, which comes from this chapter. Since this chapter of
2907:
49::18. Most present-day Catholics interpret Jesus as saying he was building his church on the rock of the Apostle Peter and the succession of popes which claim Apostolic succession from him.
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1601:
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1945:
According to the branch theory there are currently branches of the one Church of Christ, each holding the faith of the original undivided Church and maintaining the
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did not say that the Church of Christ "is" the
Catholic Church. However, in another document promulgated on the same day (21 November 1964) as
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425:
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1737:, declares that “The Spirit of Christ has not refrained from using as a means of salvation” (para. 3). This goes beyond the statement in
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them fit and ready to undertake the various tasks and offices which contribute toward the renewal and building up of the Church" (12).
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2015:
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paragraph 8, and is intended to acknowledge that ecclesial elements of the
Catholic Church can also be found elsewhere:
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46:
2459:
Daly, Robert J. (February 2003). "Sacrifice
Unveiled or Sacrifice Revisited: Trinitarian and Liturgical Perspectives".
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262:
95:
2129:
The Church in the Making: Lumen
Gentium, Christus Dominus, Orientalium Ecclesiarum (Rediscovering Vatican II)
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42:
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The Second
Vatican Council also explicitly states that the one true Church "is" the Catholic Church in its
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771:
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208:
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1921:
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3402:
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3185:
2902:
2897:
2770:
2701:
2679:
1946:
1846:
1829:, the Council did in fact refer to "the Holy Catholic Church, which is the Mystical Body of Christ" (
1118:
1092:
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759:
641:
496:
304:
272:
203:
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719:
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1958:
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1032:
689:
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252:
220:
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180:
1904:
1821:
Those who insist that this is a development in the doctrine of the Church often remark that the
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17:
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909:
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491:
314:
230:
168:
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3111:
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2019:
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1206:
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1793:
Subsistence is the doctrine that the Church of Christ "subsists in" the Catholic Church.
86:
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1801:
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3146:
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3019:
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1991:
1970:
1788:
1648:
1633:". Such study shows a progressive development over time being further described in
1618:
1404:
1221:
1216:
1087:
1082:
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781:
725:
319:
140:
2396:
2302:"The Church of Christ and the Churches: Is the Vatican retreating from ecumenism?"
2231:"The Church of Christ and the Churches: Is the Vatican retreating from ecumenism?"
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authority is co-ordination, authentication and, in exceptional cases, control.”
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257:
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2010:
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3029:
1977:
churches. The Catholic Church has specifically condemned the Branch Theory.
1226:
666:
583:
544:
463:
4535:
4362:
3461:
2830:
2037:
1974:
1710:
1330:
1037:
1025:
890:
402:
294:
1625:, its nature, organization and its "distinctive place in the economy of
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1928:
1113:
1020:
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866:
375:
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3719:
3686:
1990:
is evolving within the Catholic church, even as the understanding of
1987:
1842:
1838:
1651:
stressed the importance of the church's self-knowledge in his first
2387:, by Claude Beaufort Moss, SPCK, 1943, p. 279, available online at
4583:
3751:
3715:
2571:
2435:"Text of Pope's Letter to Pontifical Commission for Latin America"
2064:, paragraph 9, published on 6 August 1964, accessed on 9 July 2024
1630:
836:
806:
468:
1809:
This Church constituted and organized in the world as a society,
3756:
3475:
136:
2575:
1886:
These terms were not used to describe the Church either in the
2034:
Encyclopedia of Catholicism (Encyclopedia of World Religions)
2531:. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1999. pp. 381f.
2012:
Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope, paragraph 22
1641:. Here the focus is on the time leading into and since the
2385:
The Christian Faith: An Introduction to Dogmatic Theology
1949:
of its bishops. While some limit this to three branches,
2502:
Brown, Raymond E. (1990). "Pauline Theology, 82, #73".
41:
A stained glass window in a Catholic church depicting
2549:
2196:
2194:
2090:, Freiburg (1945), pp. 571–602, paragraphs 852, 857.
4549:
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4219:
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2637:
2249:
45:in Rome sitting "Upon this rock," a reference to
1922:East–West Schism § Ecclesiological disputes
2529:The Eucharist in the West, History and Theology
2349:Citation error. See inline comment how to fix.
1807:
1663:
2587:
2361:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
1595:
8:
2155:John Courtney Murray: Theologian in conflict
2229:Gaillardetz, Richard R. (August 27, 2007).
1882:Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant
4516:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
3457:
2972:
2657:
2594:
2580:
2572:
1876:Church Militant, Suffering, and Triumphant
1602:
1588:
357:
110:
81:
617:Outside the Church there is no salvation
27:Theological study of the Catholic Church
2556:
2205:. Christian Classics. pp. 71, 76.
2088:Human and Community Christlicher review
2003:
734:
679:
591:
519:
481:
448:
414:
360:
124:
102:
2419:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2412:
450:Realms beyond the States of the Church
2248:Hebblethwaite, Peter (July 1, 1993).
2224:
2222:
7:
1522:
1731:The council's decree on ecumenism,
1542:
2201:Butler, Basil Christopher (1981).
1911:Criticism of Catholic ecclesiology
25:
2363:. Oxford University Press. 2005.
4638:
4637:
4626:
4594:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
4142:Criticism of the Catholic Church
2559:
2328:Catechism of the Catholic Church
2127:Gaillardetz, Richard R. (2006).
1895:Catechism of the Catholic Church
1571:
1552:
1541:
1532:
1531:
1521:
1512:
1511:
915:Catechism of the Catholic Church
85:
54:
34:
2761:First seven ecumenical councils
2359:"Branch theory of the Church".
61:A 17th century illustration of
3336:Separation of church and state
2504:New Jerome Biblical Commentary
2252:Paul VI: The First Modern Pope
1854:Decree on the Eastern Churches
243:History of the Catholic Church
18:Ecclesiology (Catholic Church)
1:
2527:Kilmartin, Edward J. (1999).
1961:churches, others include the
2278:"Unitatis redintegratio (3)"
2086:Leo XIII, "Immortale Dei",
700:Infallibility of the Church
4685:
4633:Catholic Church portal
2473:10.1177/004056390306400130
2333:Libreria Editrice Vaticana
2203:The Theology of Vatican II
2152:Pelotte, Donald E (1976).
1938:
1919:
1879:
1786:
1759:
1702:
1676:
1578:Catholic Church portal
63:Article VII: Of the Church
4621:
4559:Aid to the Church in Need
4180:Vatican Television Center
3825:Eastern Catholic Churches
2609:
2506:. Pearson. p. 1399.
2181:"Mystical body of Christ"
1687:("Perfect Community") or
4501:Communion and Liberation
3965:Eastern Catholic liturgy
3130:Mystici Corporis Christi
3058:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
2032:Flinn, Frank K. (2007).
1740:Mystici corporis Christi
1728:on the "People of God".
1705:Mystici Corporis Christi
1265:Eastern Catholic liturgy
1068:Eastern Catholic liturgy
877:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
263:Four Marks of the Church
3316:Philosophy of canon law
3246:Mariology of the saints
2826:Investiture Controversy
2185:Encyclopedia Britannica
1833:Orientalium ecclesiarum
1559:Vatican City portal
985:Philosophy of canon law
705:Mystical Body of Christ
4569:Catholic Charities USA
4203:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
4191:Vatican Polyglot Press
3241:Mariology of the popes
2879:Protestant Reformation
1823:Second Vatican Council
1815:
1766:The second chapter of
1734:Unitatis redintegratio
1716:Second Vatican Council
1693:Second Vatican Council
1668:
1643:Second Vatican Council
4664:Catholic ecclesiology
4323:Good Shepherd Sisters
4165:Holy See Press Office
3403:Doctors of the Church
3236:Immaculate Conception
3191:Anointing of the Sick
2726:History of the papacy
2100:Duffy, Eamon (1997).
1799:is a term taken from
1615:Catholic ecclesiology
1134:Anointing of the Sick
925:Apostolic exhortation
622:Infused righteousness
540:Immaculate Conception
248:History of the papacy
4196:L'Osservatore Romano
4134:Role in civilisation
3860:Croatian and Serbian
3608:Episcopal conference
3570:St. Peter's Basilica
2928:Sexual abuse scandal
2884:Catholic Reformation
1947:Apostolic Succession
1847:Saint Thomas Aquinas
1477:the Age of Discovery
1467:Sex and gender roles
1457:Role in civilization
1450:in the United States
1093:Liturgy of the Hours
627:Invincible ignorance
497:Crucifixion of Jesus
305:College of Cardinals
273:Apostolic succession
117:St. Peter's Basilica
43:St. Peter's Basilica
4531:Neocatechumenal Way
4496:Charismatic Renewal
4210:Annuario Pontificio
3808:Particular churches
3484:Ecumenical councils
3256:Perpetual virginity
3091:Communitas perfecta
3035:Sermon on the Mount
2461:Theological Studies
2106:. New Haven: Yale.
1994:faces development.
1889:Baltimore Catechism
1870:Francis A. Sullivan
1866:Joseph A. Komonchak
1685:Communitas Perfecta
1679:Communitas Perfecta
1672:Communitas Perfecta
1490:Links and resources
550:Perpetual virginity
521:Blessed Virgin Mary
408:Divinum illud munus
310:Ecumenical councils
253:Ecumenical councils
67:Augsburg Confession
4368:Premonstratensians
2751:Ante-Nicene period
2629:Lists of Catholics
2103:Saints and Sinners
2018:2008-09-24 at the
1967:Church of the East
1959:Anglican Communion
1892:of 1885 or in the
1033:Christian humanism
930:Epistula Encyclica
690:College of Bishops
398:Consubstantialitas
221:Early Christianity
4651:
4650:
4061:
4060:
3454:
3277:
3276:
2969:
2946:
2945:
2938:COVID-19 pandemic
2908:French Revolution
2898:Thirty Years' War
2806:Islamic conquests
2719:Apostolic fathers
2654:
2370:978-0-19-280290-3
2256:. Paulist Press.
2131:. Paulist Press.
1963:Oriental Orthodox
1903:(November 2) and
1709:This approach of
1689:Societas Perfecta
1653:encyclical letter
1619:theological study
1612:
1611:
1453:
1043:Neo-scholasticism
819:
818:
797:Seven deadly sins
720:Perfect community
602:Baptism of desire
502:Harrowing of Hell
16:(Redirected from
4676:
4641:
4640:
4631:
4630:
4373:Redemptoristines
4221:Religious orders
4147:Anti-Catholicism
4097:Church buildings
3957:Catholic liturgy
3697:Consecrated life
3555:Apostolic Palace
3522:Synod of Bishops
3458:
3434:
3040:Ten Commandments
2973:
2955:
2856:Age of Discovery
2690:Great Commission
2658:
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2407:
2401:
2395:. Archived from
2394:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2331:(2nd ed.).
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2306:America Magazine
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
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2255:
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2239:
2238:
2235:America Magazine
2226:
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2065:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2029:
2023:
2008:
1955:Eastern Orthodox
1916:Eastern Orthodox
1907:(November 1). .
1683:The doctrine of
1604:
1597:
1590:
1576:
1575:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1545:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1447:
1365:Relations with:
1336:Anti-Catholicism
950:Cardinal Virtues
910:Athanasian Creed
787:Hypostatic union
695:Deposit of faith
607:Baptism of blood
492:Passion of Jesus
358:
325:Eastern Churches
315:Episcopal polity
143:
114:
89:
82:
58:
38:
21:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4625:
4617:
4596:
4579:Relief Services
4545:
4491:Catholic Action
4481:Military orders
4418:Confraternities
4410:of the faithful
4409:
4402:
4224:
4215:
4151:
4057:
3951:
3810:
3802:
3735:Prior, Prioress
3691:
3584:
3580:Vatican Museums
3531:
3464:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3352:
3306:Social teaching
3273:
3212:
3157:
3112:One true church
3076:
3053:Sixtine Vulgate
3049:Official Bible
2963:
2959:
2954:
2942:
2860:
2792:
2737:
2707:Petrine primacy
2650:
2646:
2641:
2633:
2605:
2603:Catholic Church
2600:
2570:
2558:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2539:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2444:
2442:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2390:"Archived copy"
2388:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2311:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2286:
2284:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2085:
2081:
2072:
2068:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2040:. p. 247.
2031:
2030:
2026:
2020:Wayback Machine
2009:
2005:
2000:
1983:
1943:
1937:
1924:
1918:
1913:
1905:All Saints' Day
1884:
1878:
1791:
1785:
1764:
1758:
1707:
1701:
1681:
1675:
1623:Catholic Church
1608:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1491:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1399:
1398:Societal issues
1391:
1390:
1389:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1301:
1270:
1260:
1259:
1233:
1207:Post-Vatican II
1197:
1186:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1150:
1104:
1098:Liturgical year
1057:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1000:
980:Social teaching
965:Catholic ethics
944:
936:
935:
934:
900:Apostles' Creed
872:Sixtine Vulgate
831:
821:
820:
802:Beatific vision
736:Other teachings
657:Moral influence
483:Paschal mystery
355:
354:
336:
335:
334:
289:
279:
278:
277:
268:One true church
193:
185:
135:
120:
104:Catholic Church
80:
79:
78:
77:
76:
59:
51:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4682:
4680:
4672:
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4605:
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4566:
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4538:
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4528:
4526:Legion of Mary
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4475:
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4464:
4463:
4462:
4455:Lay Carmelites
4452:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4414:
4412:
4404:
4403:
4401:
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4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4303:Conceptionists
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4238:Assumptionists
4234:
4232:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4177:
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4144:
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4106:
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4094:
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4071:
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4016:
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3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3961:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3940:Syro-Malankara
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3890:Italo-Albanian
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3822:
3816:
3814:
3804:
3803:
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3793:
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3778:
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3610:
3599:
3597:
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3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3560:Lateran Treaty
3557:
3552:
3547:
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3533:
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3530:
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3524:
3519:
3518:
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3486:
3481:
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3470:
3455:
3429:
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3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
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3373:
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3349:
3348:
3343:
3333:
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3331:
3321:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3296:Moral theology
3293:
3287:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
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3228:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3086:
3084:
3078:
3077:
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3069:
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3067:
3060:
3055:
3047:
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3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2996:
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2990:
2979:
2977:
2970:
2948:
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2944:
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2859:
2858:
2853:
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2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2811:Pope Gregory I
2808:
2802:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2783:Biblical canon
2780:
2778:Late antiquity
2775:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2714:Church fathers
2711:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2666:
2664:
2655:
2648:Ecclesiastical
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2576:
2569:
2568:
2546:
2545:
2537:
2519:
2512:
2494:
2451:
2426:
2376:
2369:
2351:
2342:
2318:
2293:
2282:www.vatican.va
2269:
2262:
2240:
2218:
2212:978-0870610622
2211:
2190:
2179:Stefon, Matt.
2171:
2165:978-0809102129
2164:
2144:
2137:
2119:
2113:978-0300073324
2112:
2092:
2079:
2077:, Bk. I, Ch. 1
2066:
2062:Ecclesiam Suam
2060:Pope Paul VI,
2053:
2046:
2024:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1982:
1979:
1951:Roman Catholic
1939:Main article:
1936:
1933:
1920:Main article:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1901:All Souls' Day
1880:Main article:
1877:
1874:
1787:Main article:
1784:
1781:
1760:Main article:
1757:
1754:
1703:Main article:
1700:
1699:Body of Christ
1697:
1677:Main article:
1674:
1669:
1658:Ecclesiam Suam
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1549:
1539:
1529:
1519:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1170:Biblical canon
1167:
1162:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1078:Divine Liturgy
1075:
1070:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1008:
1006:Augustinianism
998:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
946:
945:
942:
941:
938:
937:
933:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
896:
895:
894:
893:
888:
887:
886:
879:
874:
861:
860:
859:Official Bible
856:
855:
854:
853:
848:
840:
839:
833:
832:
827:
826:
823:
822:
817:
816:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
792:Predestination
789:
784:
779:
777:Amillennialism
774:
769:
764:
763:
762:
752:
747:
739:
738:
732:
731:
730:
729:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
684:
683:
677:
676:
675:
674:
669:
664:
662:Sanctification
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
637:Means of grace
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
596:
595:
589:
588:
587:
586:
581:
576:
575:
574:
564:
563:
562:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
524:
523:
517:
516:
515:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
486:
485:
479:
478:
477:
476:
471:
466:
461:
453:
452:
446:
445:
444:
443:
436:
429:
419:
418:
412:
411:
410:
405:
400:
395:
394:
393:
388:
383:
371:
370:
369:
368:
356:
353:
352:
349:
343:
342:
341:
338:
337:
333:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
291:
290:
285:
284:
281:
280:
276:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
239:
238:
233:
228:
218:
217:
216:
211:
206:
195:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
184:
183:
178:
172:
171:
166:
161:
150:
149:
144:
132:
129:
128:
122:
121:
119:, Vatican City
115:
107:
106:
100:
99:
91:
90:
60:
53:
52:
40:
33:
32:
31:
30:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4681:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4644:
4636:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4574:Home Missions
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4467:Saint Francis
4465:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4450:Saint Dominic
4448:
4447:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4405:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4263:Bethlehemites
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4185:Vatican Radio
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4170:Vatican Media
4168:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:List of popes
3463:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3251:Mother of God
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3136:People of God
3134:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3125:
3124:Infallibility
3122:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
3000:Body and soul
2998:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2903:Enlightenment
2901:
2899:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2874:Protestantism
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2851:Scholasticism
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2836:Schism (1378)
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2821:Schism (1054)
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2592:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2402:on 2012-04-26
2398:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2372:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2338:
2337:Paragraph 954
2334:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2319:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2049:
2047:9780816054558
2043:
2039:
2038:Facts on File
2035:
2028:
2025:
2022:and following
2021:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1941:Branch theory
1934:
1932:
1930:
1923:
1915:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1883:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:George Tavard
1859:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1827:Lumen gentium
1824:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1802:Lumen gentium
1798:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1772:Lumen gentium
1769:
1768:Lumen gentium
1763:
1762:People of God
1756:People of God
1755:
1753:
1751:
1750:New Testament
1747:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1726:Lumen gentium
1723:
1722:
1721:Lumen gentium
1717:
1712:
1706:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1645:(1962–1965).
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1540:
1538:
1530:
1528:
1520:
1518:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1425:Homosexuality
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1394:
1386:
1385:Protestantism
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1324:Miscellaneous
1321:
1320:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1192:Latin liturgy
1190:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1011:Scholasticism
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
996:
995:Virtue ethics
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
940:
939:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
897:
892:
889:
885:
884:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
869:
868:
865:
864:
863:
862:
858:
857:
852:
851:New Testament
849:
847:
846:Old Testament
844:
843:
842:
841:
838:
835:
834:
830:
825:
824:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
761:
758:
757:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
741:
740:
737:
733:
728:
727:
723:
721:
718:
716:
715:People of God
713:
711:
710:Papal primacy
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
686:
685:
682:
678:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
632:Justification
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
598:
597:
594:
590:
585:
582:
580:
577:
573:
570:
569:
568:
565:
561:
558:
557:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
526:
525:
522:
518:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
488:
487:
484:
480:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
455:
454:
451:
447:
442:
441:
437:
435:
434:
430:
428:
427:
423:
422:
421:
420:
417:
413:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
378:
377:
374:
373:
372:
367:
366:
365:
364:
359:
350:
348:
345:
344:
340:
339:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
292:
288:
283:
282:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
223:
222:
219:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
200:
197:
196:
189:
188:
182:
179:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
165:
162:
159:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
138:
134:
133:
131:
130:
127:
123:
118:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
92:
88:
84:
83:
74:
73:
68:
64:
57:
48:
44:
37:
19:
4669:Ecclesiology
4613:Universities
4445:Third orders
4408:Associations
4398:Visitandines
4393:Trinitarians
4343:Mercedarians
4328:Hieronymites
4273:Camaldoleses
4258:Benedictines
4248:Augustinians
4208:
4201:
4194:
4175:Vatican News
4129:Distinctions
3935:Syro-Malabar
3820:Latin Church
3742:Grand master
3640:Metropolitan
3537:Vatican City
3432:Organisation
3311:Philosophers
3176:Confirmation
3153:In canon law
3147:Subsistit in
3145:
3141:Three states
3128:
3089:
3082:Ecclesiology
3081:
3064:Nova Vulgata
3062:
3020:Original sin
3015:Nicene Creed
3005:Divine grace
2964:
2846:Universities
2816:Papal States
2743:Great Church
2685:Resurrection
2662:Early Church
2528:
2522:
2503:
2497:
2467:(1): 24–42.
2464:
2460:
2454:
2443:. Retrieved
2441:. 2016-04-27
2438:
2429:
2404:. Retrieved
2397:the original
2384:
2379:
2360:
2354:
2345:
2326:
2321:
2310:. Retrieved
2308:. 2007-08-27
2305:
2296:
2285:. Retrieved
2281:
2272:
2251:
2243:
2234:
2202:
2184:
2174:
2154:
2147:
2128:
2122:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2082:
2074:
2069:
2056:
2033:
2027:
2011:
2006:
1984:
1971:Old Catholic
1944:
1925:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1853:
1851:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1800:
1797:Subsistit in
1796:
1795:
1792:
1789:Subsistit in
1777:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1708:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1671:
1664:
1656:
1649:Pope Paul VI
1647:
1614:
1613:
1440:Nazi Germany
1430:Sexual abuse
1364:
1222:Anglican Use
1217:Use of Sarum
1129:Confirmation
1088:Holy Qurbono
1083:Holy Qurbana
999:
990:Philosophers
905:Nicene Creed
883:Nova Vulgata
881:
782:Original sin
726:Subsistit in
724:
681:Ecclesiology
680:
652:Satisfaction
612:Divine grace
507:Resurrection
438:
431:
424:
361:
320:Latin Church
287:Organisation
209:Resurrection
70:
66:
4603:Health care
4589:Pax Christi
4541:Schoenstatt
4506:Sant'Egidio
4338:Legionaries
4318:Franciscans
4293:Cistercians
4288:Carthusians
4243:Annonciades
4102:Altarpieces
3995:West Syriac
3990:East Syriac
3970:Alexandrian
3594:Holy orders
3575:Swiss Guard
3515:Dicasteries
3510:Roman Curia
3408:Evangelists
3366:Holy Family
3301:Personalism
3291:Natural law
3269:Josephology
3203:Holy orders
2841:Inquisition
2798:Middle Ages
2788:Monasticism
2756:Constantine
2680:Crucifixion
2566:Catholicism
2158:. Paulist.
2073:Aristotle,
1858:Yves Congar
1811:subsists in
1783:Subsistence
1547:WikiProject
1415:Health care
1360:Monasticism
1295:East Syriac
1285:West Syriac
1275:Alexandrian
1144:Holy orders
975:Probabilism
970:Personalism
960:Natural law
772:Apologetics
745:Josephology
433:Ex Cathedra
300:Roman Curia
258:Magisterium
204:Crucifixion
4658:Categories
4358:Oratorians
4313:Dominicans
4283:Carmelites
4278:Camillians
4226:institutes
4039:Tridentine
3975:Antiochian
3895:Macedonian
3840:Belarusian
3730:Provincial
3645:Archbishop
3565:Roman Rota
3527:Properties
3452:By country
3448:Precedence
3413:Confessors
3393:Archangels
3383:Patriarchs
3283:Philosophy
3261:Veneration
3226:Assumption
3196:Last rites
3163:Sacraments
3107:Four marks
2918:Vatican II
2866:Modern era
2702:Succession
2538:0814661726
2513:0136149340
2445:2018-04-14
2406:2011-12-25
2312:2019-09-27
2287:2019-09-27
2263:080910461X
2138:0809142767
1998:References
1988:priesthood
1981:Protestant
1746:Saint Paul
1639:philosophy
1635:revelation
1280:Antiochene
1212:Tridentine
1109:Sacraments
943:Philosophy
920:Papal bull
672:Venial sin
647:Mortal sin
579:Apparition
555:Assumption
535:Veneration
440:Deificatio
416:Divine law
391:Holy Ghost
347:Theologies
192:Background
176:Sacraments
47:Matthew 16
4599:See also:
4551:Charities
4460:Discalced
4388:Trappists
4383:Theatines
4353:Olivetans
4298:Clarisses
4268:Blue nuns
4253:Basilians
4230:societies
4138:See also:
4024:Mozarabic
4014:Ambrosian
4000:Malankara
3985:Byzantine
3945:Ukrainian
3920:Ruthenian
3885:Hungarian
3870:Ethiopian
3845:Bulgarian
3812:sui iuris
3796:Postulant
3705:Religious
3660:Auxiliary
3655:Coadjutor
3625:Patriarch
3493:Cardinals
3440:Canon law
3436:Hierarchy
3418:Disciples
3341:Relations
3329:Evolution
3320:See also:
3265:See also:
3218:Mariology
3208:Matrimony
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3030:Salvation
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2481:0040-5639
1992:sacrifice
1627:salvation
1537:Templates
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1331:Antipopes
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1160:Devotions
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1124:Eucharist
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2415:cite web
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3630:Major
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