44:
108:
1135:
1151:
fatal. Local symptoms include swelling and pain, which appear within minutes of a bite. In severe cases the swelling may extend up the entire affected limb within 12–24 hours and blisters form on the skin. The venom yield from individual specimens varies considerably, as does the quantity injected per bite. The mortality rate from their bites is about 20%, and due to the availability of the anti-venom, deaths are currently quite rare.
627:
83:
1032:
1009:
1050:
active after rains or on humid nights. This species is often found climbing in bushes and shrubs, sometimes as much as 2 m above the ground. When it rains, up to 80% of the adult population will climb into bushes and trees. Once, it was observed that approximately 20 individuals had massed on top of a single cactus or small shrub.
1049:
and nocturnal, although there have been reports of activity during daylight hours. During the daytime they hide in various locations, such as deep mammal burrows, rock fissures and fallen rotted logs. In sandy environments, they may bury themselves leaving only the head exposed. Often, they are most
691:
The color-pattern consists of a pale buff, grayish, reddish, olive or pale brown ground color, overlaid mid-dorsally with a series of variably colored, but mostly whitish spots, edged with dark brown, and separated by lighter interblotch patches. A series of white bows run dorsolaterally. The top of
1150:
produces on average about 18 mg of dry venom by weight, with a recorded maximum of 72 mg. It may inject as much as 12 mg, whereas the lethal dose for an adult is estimated to be only 5 mg. Envenomation results in local symptoms as well as severe systemic symptoms that may prove
1064:
They move about mainly by sidewinding: a method at which they are considerably proficient and alarmingly quick. They are also capable of other forms of locomotion, but sidewinding seems to be best suited to moving about in their usual sandy habitats. It may also keep them from overheating too
1127:, mating takes place in the winter with live young being born from April through August. Occasionally, births have also been recorded in other months. A litter usually consists of 3 to 15 young that are 115–152 mm in length. Mallow
692:
the head has a whitish cruciform or trident pattern and there is a faint stripe running from the eye to the angle of the jaw. The belly is whitish to pinkish, uniform in color or with brown dots that are either faint or distinct.
1213:
In any case, antivenin therapy and intravenous hydration within hours of the bite are vital for survival. At least eight different polyvalent and monovalent antivenins are available against bites from this species.
1060:
cases due to their inconspicuous and extremely aggressive nature. Its characteristic pose, a double coil with a figure of eight, with the head poised in the center, permits it to lash out like a released spring.
1229:
is not only especially potent, but also simplistic in structure, which makes it easier to replicate. Indeed, it is obtained not only through the purification of whole venom, but also as a product of
1984:
Garsky VM, Lumma PK, Freidinger RM, Pitzenberger SM, Randall WC, Veber DF, Gould RJ, Friedman PA (1989). "Chemical synthesis of echistatin, a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation from
2586:
1908:
2538:
1019:
is found on a range of different substrates, including sand, rock, soft soil and in scrublands. It is often found hiding under loose rocks. Specimens have also been found in
2216:
Historiae
Amphibiorum naturalis et literariae Fasciculus Secundus continens Crocodilos, Scincos, Chamaesauras, Boas, Pseudoboas, Elapes, Angues, Amphisbaenas et Caecilias
606:
cases and deaths, due to various factors including their frequent occurrence in highly populated regions, and their inconspicuous nature. Like all vipers, the species is
2090:
2455:
2494:
2561:
2161:
1999:
1841:
1957:
2312:
2429:
43:
2468:
2108:
1603:
644:
Its head is distinct from its neck; its snout is very short and rounded. The nostril is between three shields, and the head is covered with small
2026:
Fabrizio MC (2001). "Use of Ecarin
Clotting Time (ECT) with Lepirudin Therapy in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Cardiopulmonary Bypass".
1541:
1207:
2230:
The Fauna of
British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes.
1905:
993:
was not included in the original description by
Schneider (1801). However, a locality had been given as "Arni" (India) by Russell (1796:3).
2591:
1800:
2581:
2039:
1789:
1266:
641:
ranges between 38 and 80 cm (15 and 31 in) in total length (body + tail), but usually no more than 60 cm (24 in).
2318:
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2211:
2183:
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1874:
1719:
1577:
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1818:
Snakes & Scorpions in Iraq & Antivenin
Sources.pdf Venomous Snakes and Scorpions in Iraq, and Their Antivenin Sources
1347:
2473:
1595:
2146:
London: Trustees of the
British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (
2028:
1103:. Diet may be varied according to availability of prey. High populations in some areas may be due to this generalist diet.
2576:
2261:
1654:
1353:
2596:
2239:
1376:
532:
2499:
2601:
2158:
1400:
470:
1996:
1968:
1552:
2010:
1845:
615:
599:
280:
1954:
490:
107:
2139:
1628:
1295:
990:
454:
268:
2119:
2343:
2144:
Catalogue of the Snakes in the
British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the ... Viperidæ.
441:
212:
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1824:
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2381:
2299:
2286:
2273:
2225:
1452:
1424:
1406:
1244:
1020:
955:
676:
that are keeled scales with apical pits; on the flanks, these have serrated keels. There are 143–189
653:
2050:
1535:
516:
2306:
2293:
2280:
1919:
1891:
Ali G, Kak M, Kumar M, Bali SK, Tak SI, Hassan G, Wadhwa MB (2004). "Acute renal failure following
1665:
1448:
1195:
911:
595:
327:
72:
1635:
London: Secretary of State for India in
Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp. (
1065:
quickly, as there are only two points of contact with the hot surface in this form of locomotion.
2566:
1897:
1230:
725:
238:
102:
2460:
1817:
2520:
2403:
2179:
1870:
1715:
1573:
1514:
1468:
1460:
1031:
815:
649:
2036:
1786:
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is sometimes present. There are 9–14 interocular scales across the top of the head and 14–21
2533:
2486:
1935:
873:
863:
843:
782:
701:
381:
339:
305:
2525:
2088:
http://www.sundaytimes.lk/161009/news/trials-to-start-for-home-grown-anti-venom-211742.html
1134:
2507:
2165:
2123:
2112:
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2043:
2014:
2003:
1972:
1961:
1923:
1912:
1828:
1804:
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1738:
1669:
1658:
1556:
1545:
1191:
768:
755:
745:
626:
2395:
1301:
1217:
The venom from this species is used in the manufacture of several drugs. One is called
951:
707:
677:
607:
503:
293:
1762:
2555:
2481:
2232:
London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and
Francis, printers). xii + 583 pp. (
1942:
1731:
1314:
1222:
1120:
935:
883:
735:
673:
645:
92:
87:
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Colombo, Ceylon : Colombo Museum. (HR Cottle, Government
Printer). xxii + 581 pp. (
2171:
979:
967:
853:
657:
591:
545:
2331:
1714:. Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society & Oxford University Press. 252 pp. .
1206:, which occurs in about half of all cases. In other cases, ARF is often caused by
880:(ফুরসা বোড়া সাপ), also কাঁটা-আঁইশা বোড়া, খুঁদে চন্দ্রবোড়া, বোড়া সাপ, বঙ্করাজ।
2442:
2375:
1416:
1199:
1179:
1159:
1046:
971:
943:
587:
477:
398:
59:
1633:
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia.
1008:
2159:
http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Echis&species=carinatus
1363:
1263:
1167:
983:
975:
923:
685:
681:
661:
611:
17:
2366:
656:. 1–3 rows of scales separate the eye from the supralabials. There are 10–12
1391:
1256:
1203:
1175:
1171:
1096:
1088:
1057:
919:
805:
603:
580:
119:
1457:
Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1.
1247:(ECT) test, which is used to monitor anticoagulation during treatment with
2512:
2360:
1651:
1310:
1187:
1183:
1155:
1092:
927:
903:
159:
139:
2267:
1763:"متحف التاريخ الطبيعي: أفعى السيد دخيل تسببت في قتل 28 شخصا في الناصرية"
2434:
1248:
795:
583:
149:
55:
1068:
In the northern parts of its range, these snakes hibernate in winter.
2447:
1965:
1549:
1239:
1163:
1100:
1080:
939:
931:
129:
2337:
2007:
1262:
As of November 2016, antivenom is currently being developed by the
1459:
Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp.
1338:
1190:
within a few hours to as late as 6 days post bite. In some cases,
1133:
1124:
1116:
1030:
1007:
915:
833:
704:- saw-scaled viper, Indian saw-scaled viper, little Indian viper.
625:
189:
179:
169:
63:
2421:
2116:
2070:
1420:
1367:
1084:
997:
963:
959:
947:
907:
2341:
1511:
True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers
1225:. Even though many other snake venoms contain similar toxins,
2048:
Journal of The American Society of ExtraCorporeal Technology
1821:
1797:
1742:
680:
that are rounded and cover the full width of the belly. The
1276:
2176:
A Photographic Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of India
1988:: synthesis and biological activity of selected analogs".
602:" Indian snakes that are responsible for causing the most
2047:
1138:
Juvenile Saw Scaled Viper in a house in Nagrota, J&K.
1916:
1662:
1513:. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp.
2178:. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 144 pp.
1419:, Pakistan, northern India, southern and central Iran,
1056:
is one of the species responsible for causing the most
2105:
Checklist of Indian Snakes with English Common Names
2157:". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org. (
2350:
996:There are also reports that this species occurs in
2218:. Jena: F. Frommann. vi + 374 pp. + Plates I-II. (
2193:Hughes B (1976). "Notes on African carpet vipers,
1000:. It is found in Thiqar and Kirkuk governorates.
1816:Joint Chiefs of Staff Campaign Analysis Report,
2587:Taxa named by Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider
1202:. It is more often the result of intravascular
1158:and coagulation defects are the most striking.
2222:, new species, pp. 285–286). (in Latin).
1131:(2003) mention a maximum litter size of 23.
8:
2244:Ophidia Taprobanica or the Snakes of Ceylon.
1370:in the south and east to western Pakistan.
2338:
1822:311th Human Systems Wing, Brooks City-Base
1712:The Book of Indian Reptiles and Amphibians
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
81:
42:
31:
2084:Trials to start for home-grown anti-venom
1869:. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp.
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1269:, and clinical trial phase in Sri Lanka.
1154:Of the more dangerous systemic symptoms,
1887:
1885:
1883:
1505:
1503:
1501:
684:are undivided and number 21–52, and the
660:, the fourth usually largest, and 10–13
614:are currently recognized, including the
1663:Sri Lanka Wildlife Conservation Society
1624:
1622:
1620:
1604:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1531:
1529:
1527:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1198:(AKI), but this is not often caused by
253:
1647:
1645:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1208:disseminated intravascular coagulation
2029:J. American Soc. Extracorporeal Tech.
1652:Checklists of the Snakes of Sri Lanka
1572:. London: Penguin Books Ltd. 192 pp.
1509:Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003).
7:
2307:Institute of Toxicology and Genetics
2294:Institute of Toxicology and Genetics
2281:Institute of Toxicology and Genetics
1765:. Uobaghdad.edu.iq. 14 August 2011.
598:. It is the smallest member of the "
2562:IUCN Red List least concern species
2250:, pp. 531–546, Figures 93-95).
1867:Living Snakes of the World in Color
2195:Echis carinatus, Echis leucogaster
1895:(saw–scaled viper) envenomation".
1243:and is the primary reagent in the
25:
1251:. Yet another drug produced from
576:
2236:, pp. 487–490, Figure 154).
672:Midbody there are 25–39 rows of
106:
1844:. Alforattv.net. Archived from
1769:from the original on 2012-03-25
1334:South Indian saw-scaled viper
1182:. Almost all patients develop
1023:at altitudes of up to 1982 m.
1:
2309:. Accessed 12 September 2006.
2296:. Accessed 12 September 2006.
2283:. Accessed 12 September 2006.
2268:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
2017:. Accessed 29 September 2006.
1975:. Accessed 29 September 2006.
1966:Electronic Medical Curriculum
1945:. Accessed 29 September 2006.
1926:. Accessed 12 September 2006.
1752:. Accessed 21 September 2008.
1559:. Accessed 13 September 2006.
2334:. Accessed 24 November 2007.
1412:Sochurek's saw-scaled viper
1388:Sri Lankan saw-scaled viper
1359:Multiscale saw-scaled viper
2592:Reptiles of the Middle East
2321:. Accessed 22 October 2006.
2126:. Accessed 22 October 2006.
1639:, pp. 422-423, Figure 124.)
1178:also occur and may lead to
2618:
2582:Reptiles described in 1801
1831:. Accessed 6 January 2007.
1807:. Accessed 6 January 2007.
1672:. Accessed 15 August 2007.
1267:Clodomiro Picado Institute
648:, among which an enlarged
2326:Echis carinatus carinatus
2270:. Accessed 2 August 2007.
2201:(Viperidae, Serpentes)".
1233:. Another drug made from
730:vali polonga (වැලි පොලඟා)
485:Echis carinatus carinatus
244:
237:
218:
211:
103:Scientific classification
101:
79:
70:
50:
41:
34:
2572:Reptiles of Central Asia
1307:Astola saw-scaled viper
2073:. Accessed 5 June 2007.
2057:. Accessed 5 June 2007.
569:Indian saw-scaled viper
540:Echis carinata carinata
2071:Specialty Laboratories
1990:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
1842:"Alforat TV Satellite"
1550:Munich Antivenom Index
1139:
1039:
1013:
634:
586:found in parts of the
1917:Indian Medlars Centre
1137:
1034:
1011:
930:(including Urak near
629:
594:, and especially the
436:Vipera Echis Carinata
2577:Reptiles of Pakistan
2150:, pp. 505–507).
2067:Textarin/Ecarin Time
1865:Mehrtens JM (1987).
1348:E. c. multisquamatus
1245:ecarin clotting time
1194:is necessary due to
956:United Arab Emirates
858:ḥayyat sayyid dakhīl
722:( சுருட்டை விரியன் )
654:circumorbital scales
2319:Snakes of Sri Lanka
2117:University of Texas
1710:Daniels JC (2002).
1568:Whitaker Z (1990).
1455:, Touré TA (1999).
1196:acute kidney injury
1087:, and a variety of
1012:Satara, Maharashtra
962:, and southwestern
912:Indian subcontinent
616:nominate subspecies
596:Indian subcontinent
573:little Indian viper
527:carinatus carinatus
73:Conservation status
2220:Pseudoboa carinata
2164:2015-05-18 at the
2122:2009-08-17 at the
2111:2012-02-04 at the
2093:2016-10-14 at the
2082:Rodrigo M (2016).
2053:2021-05-08 at the
2042:2007-09-27 at the
2013:2008-05-14 at the
2002:2019-07-01 at the
1971:2001-08-03 at the
1960:2002-03-09 at the
1922:2006-09-12 at the
1911:2019-02-14 at the
1898:Indian J. Nephrol.
1827:2007-01-19 at the
1803:2020-12-06 at the
1792:2020-12-06 at the
1787:Snakes and Spiders
1748:2016-02-05 at the
1737:2017-02-24 at the
1668:2011-10-28 at the
1657:2007-10-08 at the
1555:2009-08-30 at the
1544:2010-12-01 at the
1231:chemical synthesis
1140:
1111:The population of
1079:feeds on rodents,
1040:
1014:
635:
2597:Reptiles of India
2549:
2548:
2521:Open Tree of Life
2344:Taxon identifiers
2328:(Schneider, 1801)
2203:Rev. suisse Zool.
1995:(11): 4022–4026.
1955:Saw-scaled Vipers
1431:
1430:
1289:Geographic range
1180:hypovolemic shock
938:off the coast of
890:(ನೆತ್ತೆರ್ ಮೂಗೇಲ್)
633:, southern India.
556:
555:
549:
536:
520:
507:
494:
474:
458:
445:
432:
419:
402:
385:
369:
360:
343:
331:
318:
309:
297:
284:
276:Scytale bizonatus
272:
260:
250:
204:E. carinatus
96:
16:(Redirected from
2609:
2602:Snakes of Arabia
2542:
2541:
2529:
2528:
2516:
2515:
2503:
2502:
2490:
2489:
2477:
2476:
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2450:
2438:
2437:
2425:
2424:
2412:
2411:
2399:
2398:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2339:
2127:
2103:
2097:
2086:. Available at:
2080:
2074:
2064:
2058:
2024:
2018:
1982:
1976:
1952:
1946:
1936:Echistatin from
1933:
1927:
1889:
1878:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1838:
1832:
1814:
1808:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1759:
1753:
1729:
1723:
1708:
1673:
1649:
1640:
1637:"Echis carinata"
1626:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1592:
1581:
1566:
1560:
1533:
1522:
1507:
1476:
1446:
1377:E. c. sinhaleyus
1277:
1237:venom is called
952:Masirah (Island)
895:Geographic range
618:described here.
565:saw-scaled viper
543:
530:
514:
501:
488:
469:
452:
439:
430:
417:
396:
380:
367:
358:
338:
325:
316:
304:
291:
279:
267:
258:
248:
224:
111:
110:
90:
85:
84:
46:
32:
27:Species of snake
21:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2537:
2532:
2524:
2519:
2511:
2508:Observation.org
2506:
2498:
2493:
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2472:
2467:
2459:
2454:
2446:
2441:
2433:
2428:
2420:
2415:
2407:
2402:
2396:Echis_carinatus
2394:
2389:
2382:Echis carinatus
2380:
2379:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2352:Echis carinatus
2346:
2314:Echis carinatus
2301:Echis carinatus
2288:Echis carinatus
2275:Echis carinatus
2263:Echis carinatus
2258:
2253:
2248:Echis carinatus
2234:Echis carinatus
2199:Echis ocellatus
2188:Echis carinatus
2166:Wayback Machine
2155:Echis carinatus
2148:Echis carinatus
2135:
2133:Further reading
2130:
2124:Wayback Machine
2113:Wayback Machine
2104:
2100:
2095:Wayback Machine
2081:
2077:
2065:
2061:
2055:Wayback Machine
2044:Wayback Machine
2025:
2021:
2015:Wayback Machine
2004:Wayback Machine
1986:Echis carinatus
1983:
1979:
1973:Wayback Machine
1962:Wayback Machine
1953:
1949:
1938:Echis carinatus
1934:
1930:
1924:Wayback Machine
1913:Wayback Machine
1893:Echis carinatus
1890:
1881:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1829:Wayback Machine
1815:
1811:
1805:Wayback Machine
1794:Wayback Machine
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1781:
1772:
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1760:
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1750:Wayback Machine
1739:Wayback Machine
1730:
1726:
1709:
1676:
1670:Wayback Machine
1659:Wayback Machine
1650:
1643:
1627:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1598:Echis carinatus
1594:
1593:
1584:
1567:
1563:
1557:Wayback Machine
1546:Wayback Machine
1537:Echis carinatus
1534:
1525:
1508:
1479:
1447:
1440:
1436:
1401:E. c. sochureki
1323:E. c. carinatus
1275:
1192:kidney dialysis
1148:Echis carinatus
1145:
1109:
1077:Echis carinatus
1074:
1054:Echis carinatus
1043:Echis carinatus
1029:
1017:Echis carinatus
1006:
970:it is found in
946:it is found in
914:it is found in
900:Echis carinatus
897:
720:surutai vireyan
698:
670:
631:E. c. carinatus
624:
575:, and by other
563:, known as the
560:Echis carinatus
552:
542:
529:
513:
511:Echis carinatus
500:
498:Echis carinatus
487:
468:
451:
449:Echis carinatus
438:
429:
416:
395:
379:
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848:peschanaya efa
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1296:E. c. astolae
1293:
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1283:Taxon author
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1259:(Tirofiban).
1258:
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826:(ઝેરી પૈડકુ)
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213:Binomial name
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88:Least Concern
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19:
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2332:Tomáš Mazuch
2325:
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2215:
2212:Schneider JG
2205:
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2175:
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2147:
2143:
2140:Boulenger GA
2101:
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2027:
2022:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1950:
1937:
1931:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1866:
1861:
1850:. Retrieved
1846:the original
1836:
1812:
1782:
1771:. Retrieved
1757:
1732:эфа песчаная
1727:
1711:
1636:
1632:
1629:Boulenger GA
1607:. Retrieved
1597:
1569:
1564:
1536:
1510:
1456:
1449:McDiarmid RW
1399:
1383:Deraniyagala
1375:
1346:
1322:
1294:
1286:Common name
1261:
1253:E. carinatus
1252:
1238:
1235:E. carinatus
1234:
1226:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1128:
1113:E. carinatus
1112:
1110:
1107:Reproduction
1076:
1075:
1067:
1063:
1053:
1052:
1042:
1041:
1038:sidewinding.
1036:E. carinatus
1035:
1016:
1015:
995:
988:
980:Turkmenistan
968:Central Asia
899:
898:
888:netter mugel
887:
877:
867:
857:
854:Iraqi Arabic
847:
837:
827:
823:
819:
809:
799:
790:
786:
776:
772:
763:
759:
749:
739:
729:
719:
715:
711:
696:Common names
690:
671:
658:supralabials
643:
639:E. carinatus
638:
637:The size of
636:
630:
592:Central Asia
577:common names
572:
568:
564:
559:
558:
557:
539:
526:
523:
510:
497:
484:
476:
465:
461:
448:
435:
427:superciliosa
426:
422:
414:superciliosa
413:
409:
405:
392:
388:
376:
372:
364:Echis ziczic
363:
359:— Gray, 1849
354:
350:
346:
335:Vipera echis
334:
321:
317:— Gray, 1825
312:
300:
287:
275:
263:
255:
221:
219:
203:
202:
190:
51:
35:
29:
2443:iNaturalist
2376:Wikispecies
2035:: 117–125.
1904:: 177-181.
1453:Campbell JA
1417:Afghanistan
1337:Peninsular
1280:Subspecies
1264:Costa Rican
1200:hypotension
1160:Hematemesis
1047:crepuscular
1021:Balochistan
972:Afghanistan
944:Middle East
870:(مار جعفری)
824:zeri padkoo
800:kallu haavu
688:is single.
650:supraocular
622:Description
588:Middle East
478:nomen nudum
466:nigrosincta
431:— Jan, 1863
313:Boa horatta
264:Boa Horatta
60:Maharashtra
2556:Categories
1852:2012-08-06
1798:Black Five
1773:2012-08-06
1539:antivenoms
1467:(series).
1434:References
1364:Uzbekistan
1273:Subspecies
1227:echistatin
1219:echistatin
1168:hemoptysis
1156:hemorrhage
1099:and large
1097:centipedes
1091:, such as
1089:arthropods
1045:is mostly
984:Tajikistan
976:Uzbekistan
954:, eastern
942:). In the
924:Bangladesh
740:Dhuli Naga
686:anal scale
682:subcaudals
662:sublabials
612:subspecies
368:Gray, 1849
166:Suborder:
2567:Viperinae
2539:carinatus
2303:(image 3)
2290:(image 2)
2277:(image 1)
1475:(volume).
1415:Southern
1392:Sri Lanka
1329:Schneider
1257:Aggrastat
1255:venom is
1204:hemolysis
1176:epistaxis
1172:hematuria
1093:scorpions
1058:snakebite
1027:Behaviour
920:Sri Lanka
910:. On the
806:Malayalam
668:Scalation
604:snakebite
491:Constable
455:Boulenger
418:Jan, 1859
230:Schneider
198:Species:
180:Viperidae
170:Serpentes
126:Kingdom:
120:Eukaryota
2461:10684822
2422:51899616
2361:Wikidata
2242:(1921).
2228:(1943).
2226:Smith MA
2214:(1801).
2174:(2002).
2162:Archived
2142:(1896).
2120:Archived
2109:Archived
2091:Archived
2051:Archived
2040:Archived
2011:Archived
2000:Archived
1969:Archived
1958:Archived
1920:Archived
1909:Archived
1825:Archived
1801:Archived
1790:Archived
1767:Archived
1746:Archived
1735:Archived
1666:Archived
1655:Archived
1631:(1890).
1609:1 August
1570:Snakeman
1553:Archived
1542:Archived
1407:Stemmler
1331:, 1801)
1311:Pakistan
1184:oliguria
928:Pakistan
820:tarachha
816:Gujarati
608:venomous
600:big four
471:Ingoldby
393:carinata
355:carinata
340:Schlegel
288:carinata
256:Carinata
239:Synonyms
176:Family:
160:Squamata
150:Reptilia
140:Chordata
136:Phylum:
130:Animalia
116:Domain:
93:IUCN 3.1
2435:2443876
2367:Q818485
2305:at the
2292:at the
2279:at the
2266:at the
1661:at the
1409:, 1969
1385:, 1951
1356:, 1981
1354:Cherlin
1304:, 1970
1302:Mertens
1249:hirudin
1101:insects
1081:lizards
1072:Feeding
1004:Habitat
904:endemic
874:Bengali
864:Persian
844:Russian
828:udaneyn
796:Kannada
787:phoorsa
783:Marathi
726:Sinhala
702:English
584:species
579:, is a
533:Cherlin
504:Mertens
442:Higgins
377:noratta
301:zic zac
232:, 1801)
186:Genus:
156:Order:
146:Class:
91: (
56:Mangaon
2487:164694
2474:634967
2240:Wall F
2182:
1873:
1718:
1576:
1517:
1471:
1463:
1240:ecarin
1188:anuria
1164:melena
1129:et al.
982:, and
940:Makran
932:Quetta
926:, and
777:janndi
773:kuppur
769:Sindhi
756:Telugu
750:phissi
746:Pushtu
610:. Two
548:, 1996
535:, 1990
519:, 1978
517:Latifi
506:, 1969
493:, 1949
473:, 1923
457:, 1896
444:, 1873
406:Vipera
401:, 1859
384:, 1854
382:Jerdon
342:, 1837
330:, 1830
328:Wagler
308:, 1825
296:, 1820
294:Merrem
283:, 1803
281:Daudin
271:, 1802
2526:64528
2513:99157
2500:40353
2456:IRMNG
2448:31079
2409:38LQF
2172:Das I
1362:From
1339:India
1143:Venom
1125:India
1117:India
1085:frogs
966:. In
916:India
840:(अफई)
838:aphai
834:Hindi
810:anali
708:Tamil
581:viper
524:Echis
464:var.
410:Echis
351:Echis
347:Echis
191:Echis
64:India
2495:NCBI
2482:IUCN
2469:ITIS
2430:GBIF
2197:and
2180:ISBN
2069:at
1871:ISBN
1716:ISBN
1611:2006
1574:ISBN
1515:ISBN
1469:ISBN
1461:ISBN
1423:and
1421:Oman
1368:Iran
1174:and
998:Iraq
989:The
964:Iran
960:Iraq
948:Oman
934:and
908:Asia
884:Tulu
812:അണലി
736:Odia
590:and
306:Gray
269:Shaw
249:List
2417:EoL
2404:CoL
2391:ADW
2330:at
2317:at
2186:. (
2115:at
2046:at
2037:PDF
2006:at
1997:PDF
1964:at
1941:at
1915:at
1906:PDF
1820:at
1796:at
1741:at
1548:at
1425:UAE
1366:to
1317:).
1186:or
1119:is
1115:in
906:to
902:is
546:Das
399:Jan
58:, (
54:in
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